Evening Star Newspaper, March 10, 1933, Page 8

A-8 THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY.........March 10, 1833 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: S TR d200 8t New York Office ast 421 . Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buildine. Suropean Offce: 14 Regent St.. London. Ensland. MRate by Carrier Within the City. s s erer ‘month ..60c per month T 65c th 5 o..-5c pe he end of each mont! Gers may be sent in by mail or telephone Ational 5000. per mon! T cop! Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. jly and Sunday....1yr.,$10.00: 1mo., 85¢c ily only .. Ly, 86 Sunday only . 1¥r, $4.00; All Other States and Canada. Paily and Sunday ..1yr.$12.00; 1mo. $1.00 Datly only ... 1yr, 33000 1mol. 75 Sunday only 1110 $5.00; 1 mo.. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled | for republication of all news dis- e edited fo It or Rot otherwise cred- fed in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of Epecial dispatches herein are also reserved. Meeting the Emergency. Acting with almost unprecedented &peed, the Congress put through Presi- dent Roosevelt’s emergency banking bill within seven and a half hours after the Chief Executive had made his rec- ommendations. The President signed the measure at the White House last night, making it law. The determina- tion of the members of the Congress to back the Chief Executive in this crisis, as evidenced in their action yes- terday, reinspires confidence in the gov- ernmental structure. The character of the law enacted is calculated to bring to end the foolish stampede Wwhich caused the crisis in the banking situa- tion and forced, first a closing of all the banks, and then a presidential proclamation declaring & banking holi- day. The American people have in the last few days had an opportunity to think the situation over, to catch their breath. It must be clear to those who hurriedly yielded to the feeling of panic and even to those who, more cold- blooded and calculating, had plotted to save their skins even if the rest of | oo 000 i1 gold has been “recaptured | the Nation were wrecked, that the Na- tion must rise from the financial debacle that has been threatened. In the new emergency banking law enacted provision is made to meet the emergency; first, through the issue of Federal Reserve bank notes in the amount that may be needed to supply the demands for additional currency to care for tite usual business of the peo- ple; second, through the reopening of sound banks and the reorganization and reopening of other banks, sound but without the necessary liquid assets to permit an immediate opening; third, through the assistance to State banks which may seek membership in the Federal Reserve system and to the State banks through loans from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. ‘There are other important features of the measure, looking to the stabiliza- tion of the financial structure and the flow of curréncy into business channels. None is more important than the in- vestment of the President with almost dictatorial power to deal with the bank- | ing emergency in the interest of the people. | The purpose of the President and the Congress, as evidenced in the emer- gency banking law, is to bring about immediate resumption of normal busi- ness through the opening of the banks, to inspire greater confidence in the banks, for the benefit of all the people. This is the emergency task. There is another, the reform of the American banking system so as to give the users of the banks added protection. Presi- dent Roosevelt in his message to the | Congress yesterday declared that the first task was to reopen all sound banks, but that subsequently steps must be taken to prevent “speculation with the funds of depositors and other violations of position of trust.” | This is a task that still confronts the President and the Congress. As former President Hoover said in his last an- nual message to the Congress, there has been urgent need of revision of the banking laws in this country for a long time. A start was made in the Senate with the passage of the Glass banking bill in the last Congress. Un- fortunately the measure was allowed to die in the House. ——————— Gold is said to have gained its pres- tige as a money metal through ancient superstitious regard for it as a symbol of the sun. An occasional eclipse does no harm. but sets people thinking and teaches them to appreciate the day- light. China to Strike Back. Dispatches from Peiping report that Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, commander in chief of the Chinese National armies, has ordered a vigorous counter-offensive against the Japanese in Jehol Province. ‘The decision was taken following con- ferences between the commander in chief, Marshal Chang, who is attempt- ing to resign from the North China command, and Gen. Yen Hsi-Shan, the | powerfu! Northern semi-independent | leader. Apparently having obtained | pledges of unity and general support, | Oniang Kai-Shek determined that a| mobile force of 66,000 men be sent against the enemy in Jehol at the earliest possible moment. ‘These are brave resolutions. The world at large would rejoice to feel that there is in the disjointed and vast area it knows as “China” sufficient eolidarity and truly national spirit to earry them into effect. Unfortunately, there seems to be no such outlook. Of the valor and capacity of Chinese sol- diers, adecuately equipped and ably led, there is no question. The 15th Rauu‘ Army at SHanghai a year ago demon- strated that to the astonishment of Japan and the admiration of Western Nations. But the situation in Jehol is an immeasurably different military problem than the one the Chinese con- fronted in the Shanghal area. When Japanese and so-called Man- chukuo forces operating with them took Jehol City a few days ago without any show of Chinese resistance, the invader's hold on the province became complcte. ‘The only military activities still decmed necessary by Japanese commanders arc to exterminate remnants of Chinese de- fenders along the Great Wall. This may require several months, as it did in Manchuria, but the eventual outcome is not to be doubted. It would be delayed i % | ant from the war with China. and prove correspondingly costlier if the projected Chinese counter-offensive actually should attain the proportions of a major campaign. | Japan appears to be anticipating such a possibility. Yosuke Matsuoka, lately chief Japanese delegate to the League of Nations, has just' returned to Paris, after visiting big industrial plants in Germany, Holland and Bel- glum. He was at the Krupp Works in Essen, inspected & number of Ger- many's great chemical works, and was parucularly interested in Dutch proc- esses for producing fuel oil from coal. The Japanese navy is known to be short of oil. Jf the Japanese are making prepara- | tions for adding to their sinews of war by entering into various arms contracts in Europe, as now currently reported, it is improbable that these have to do exclusively with any necessities result- A far likelier explanation is that Japan, | should her strategic requirements im- | pel her to carry operations south of the |Great Wall and into the Tientsin- Peiping-Yangtse region, where conflict with the Western powers might be un- | avaoidable, is taking these graver ccn- tingencies into account. The refusal of France to join the British in an jarms embargo against both Japan and | China is highly pleasing to the Tokio | government. Of no less satisfaction to !it is Russia’s declination to participate {in the League of Nations’ Manchuria | commission. With the United States also abstatning, Mr. Matsuoka is doubt- less on safe ground in holding that League sanctions against Japan ‘“can | now be considered as completely out of | question.” oot The Ebb and Flow of Gold. | Evidence that the recent rush to | withdraw funds from the banks of the country was a manifestation of a form of hysteria has been supplied by the events of the past two days, when there has been a steadily increasing flow of gold back into the banks. The fear of loss. The return of gold is due to the fear of penalties under the law which was enacted yesterday by Con- gress on the recommendation of the President. | 1t is estimated that as much as $200,- | by the Federal Reserve system thus far |this week, up to the close of esterday, and that by the end of the | week no less than a billion in the yel- | low metal will have been restored to the | vaults of the banks and the Treasury. | Most of this gold has been taken out | recently. Some of it has been in hoard- 1ing for weeks, perhaps for months. [ vides & fine of $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both, | for persons or organizations under their control retaining gold for what is tech- nically called hoarding—that is, with- drawal from the financial institutions | | the currency of the country, penalties may apply in the case of small sums as well as large. It has become evident within the past few days that the Government is in a position to trace these gold with- drawals. Persons attempting to offer gold as legal tender may be reported. Lists are kept of those withdrawing gold, and next week the Federal Re- serve Board will receive them from the Reserve System banks, from trucking companies and from safety deposit companies. As redeposits of gold are effected names will be removed from the lists. It is due to a spread of the knowledge of this situation, in lary part, that the rush to redeposit gold has taken place. Fear of loss caused the withdrawals of gold in the first place. Fear of pun- | ishment is causing the restoration of the gold to the vaults. Out of this alternation of emotions comes a whole- some confidence in the substantial se- | | curity of the currency system. From | it, too, comes a better understanding of the function of gold as the basis of | the system. Technically, a gold cer- tificate issued by the Treasury is a | promise to pay to the holder the equivalent in face value of the note in the actual metal money. Actually, in practice, that promise is merely a guarantee of the validity of the note | as a token of value. Some time ago the Bank of England needed gold to maintain the then es- tablished gold standard of the cur- rency of Great Britain, and an ap- peal was made to the people to sup- ply the metal for that purpose. An | enormous flood of gold flowed into the banks, not only in the form of coins of the realm, but articles of jewelry and ornament, some of them of greater value as objects of art than the actual value of the metal itself. This re- sponse to the call for the metal which then was the basis of the circulating medium of the country was an inspir- ing indication of the faith of the peo- ple. This present restoration of gold to the vaults of the American monetary institutions is to be regarded as & sim- ilar reaction of confidence, Which is more valuable than the gold itself. ——— Recent times have been remarkable for the fact that everybody has been inclined to discuss political economy even more than base ball. ——————— New Frontiers. The story of Ross Knickerbocker of Cedar Rapids, Iows, is a parable de- serving comment. He wanted work, and, since he could find nothing in his native environment, he decided to try elsewhere. He went to Fairbanks, Alaska, & distance of 2,500 miles. There he obtained employment as a surveyor's assistant. At present he is far from home, deep in the interior of the Terri- tory, but at least he has three meals & day and a vlace to sleep. His special solution of the problem of finding a job, of course, cannot be generally recommended. There is no advantage in aimless search for an im- proved condition of life. The quest must be intelligent. success is to be traced to his genfus in finding & new frontier, a labor market withdrawals were due to unreasoning | The act just passed by Congress pro- | where it ordinarily lies as the basis of | These | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1933. _ THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. selves a degree of comfort and security commensurate with their need. Knick- erbocker has followed their example. He is to be commended. He went after work where he had reason to believe it might be found. Going after it where the chance was less likely would not have been worth the effort. But there was one other pplicy which he might have adopted. He might have remained at home and yet have essayed a new frontier. He might have at- tempted a new technique of labor. He might have cultivated the ability to qualify for a new type of employment. Thousands of persons are doing.that. To illustrate, an accountant is studying an engineer architecture, a clergy- mar music. On the other hand, a bank clerk is studying stenography, a libra- rian languages, a chemist medicine. Each is attempting to add to his train- ing, each is expanding his fleld of knowledge. All are pioneers in that sense of the word. \ In the competitive world in which humanity will .live when the long de- pression has been liquidated the victory will be to the best equipped, the most highly, competently and diversely of this truth and who are preparing to function effectively under the new con- ditions. Viewed in this light, enforced leisure, intelligently used, is not a per- manent loss nor an insuperable disabil- ity. ‘There still are frontiers, physical and | intellectual. Ross Knickerbocker found one of them. There are others. —— . | France has always boasted that when she needed gold she could depend on the public to produce it from the stock- ing or the china closet. The present U. 8. demand for hitherto unemployed | currency proves that the idea is not a bad one. —————— The New York millionaire who was cheated out of $30,000 in a Mexican silver swindle may at least take credit | for losing his own money instead of | letting the public finance a bad deal. ——————————— | Russla craves an opportunity to sit| | into the big game of nations, with a| | large stack of blue chips known as ( “undeveloped resources” to make 1t | | interesting. —— e | Airplanes are said to be annoying| golfers. Even the sportiest player will | resent the introduction of so extraordi- | nary a form of hazard. —r——————— New missionaries may be needed in the Orient to persuade dense popula- | tions not to go broke on munitions and | hospital supplies. e A long lame duck demonstration may | have its advantage in stimulating Con- | gress to travel fast and make up for| | lost time. —_— re———— | | Uncle Sam's next step in art idealism | | may be that of making navy blue prints | come true. i AT e | SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Santa Humanized. | 01d santa was a kindly saint, His mood was generously quaint; | He liked to bring ingenious toys | To entertain the girls and boys. | He brought amazing charms | That soothed our work-a-day alarms. To him our hats we'd always doff— | Then Santa shaved his whiskers off. | He has no fairy tales to plan, | He's now a faithful businessman, | Who bids us better homes prepare | Instead of castles in the air; | He shows us how a public may Best profit by a holiday. At him no longer cynics scoff | Since Santa shaved his whiskers off. ‘Wings. | “Is your family going to be active| in society?” “I suppose so,” | Sorghum. deny themselves the same pleasures that they enjoyed at home.” “Will you become a social butterfly | yourself?” “No, T'll keep working hard and try {to fly high enough to get into the airplane class.” Jud Tunkins says when nobody has| |any money the honest man gets hlsl i reward in being able to write an I 0. U. that'll command respect. Awaiting the Signal. | When ell the world's afraid to move | Life's strangely dull and slow. How wondrously we all improve When some one says: “Let’s go!” answered Senator | Artificial Traffic. “Are you going to do some planting?”| “I am,” answered Farmer Corntossel. | “What's the sense of quittin’ work 50 as to reduce supply and raise prices, when nobody had the money to buy your stuff, no matter how dear it was.” “Quietude is to be desired,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “He who re- mains silent must think or sleep, and either is beneficial. Out in the Open. The business doctor came along And handed us & scare, He hinted that things might be wrong But could not say just where. We turned from him with courage | strong | And gave our honest care | To bring the overstudious throng To sunshine and fresh air. “Families has somehow been mo’ cheerful in dis settlement,” said Uncle Eben, “since dar was just enough change to buy groceries and not enough to finance a crap game.” Secretary Perkins and The Immigration Law | To the Editor of The Star: | Miss Frances Perkins, the Secretary Labor, with reference to immigra. Knickerbocker's | $30 not oversupplied. He did what the|9P® pioneers of the middle years of the nineteenth century dij. When the towns and cities of the East were over- crowded, when farm land was no longer to be had at reasonable prices, tens of thousands of young men with an ap- nroximately equal number of courageous young wives deserted the Atlantic sea- board for the plains of the Midwest. Their lot at first was hard. But in the eouree of time they developed for them- pre| aliens unlawfully in this country. my opinion deportation proceedings | should be placed under the jurisdiction of one in full sympathy with the strict enforcement of the immigretion laws. FRANCES WILSON. | than sunshine after a storm in skilled. Wise are they who are aware | f How sweet after a rainy day is the sunshine again! ‘The mocking bird sings from his perch on a stump damp from yester- day’s downpour. One time he sounds like the blue jay, another like the cardinal. But the lajter songster, flitting scar- let through the shrubs at the end of the yard, breaks out into tne true song, paling the mocker’s efforts. If it is not Spring, it seems tre- mendously like it, so different is the “feel” of the alr, the very appearance of the landscape. ‘Whatever may be one’s praise of rain, it is as nothing compared with the paeans of rejoicing which go up from every heart at the advent of & sun- shiny day after storm. Somehow the brightness breaks upon the world in even more splendid tuh'.l:n e late afternoon. ‘The deepness of night, intervening, seemed to settle and seal the bleakness; now comes this splendor, whose real Ilorytwe had, in a sense, tended to forget. Mere acceptance is not enough. The bright sun of a pleasant March day must be tasted with the mind, as it were; made sure of by a bit of homely thinking on our part. Thus we rise, a whole city of us, philosophers of the dawn, ra:ty to pay ;mmue to one of the oldest of natural orces. * x % gurflr.t allegiance must be to sun- it Not only are we sunworshipers at heart, but science has reinforced our instinctive sympathies. We know now, better than our an- cestors, that the rays of the sun not only go places, but do things. ‘These are mostly benefits, if we learn to use their gifts with the common sense which the handling of so mighty a power demands on the part of us groundlings. ‘The time will shortly be here when every one devoted to the garder or to outdoor sports_#1ll be tempted to “rush in where angels fear to tread.” ‘Too much sun will then be inimical to & few, but the remainder may court it with impunity. In order to save the few there has been any amount of doleful wailing set up about the harsh sun rays and their effects upon persons to whom they are not_naturally helpful. This is true, but it must be kept in mind at the same time that the aver- | age human being is not so tender. Nature has set up a most healthful reciprocity between skin and sun. The human epidermis is not so much just a covering, as it is a wonderful organ, which functions in several ways to help keep the stable states, as they are called, of the bodily functions. ‘The skin not only breathes, in the best sense of the word, but it helos cool the body when it is too hot and to warm it when it is too cold. In addition, it carries off a certain amount of harmful products and in- creases this function in times of need, such as when the body is afflicted with a common cold. * ok x x ‘There is another property which skin possesses, that of converting the rays of the sun. or certain rays at least, into necessary elements to be used in the blood stream. ‘The technique of this action is still obscure, even to the scientists who have studied it. It is enough for the layman to know that something does seem to happen when the sun touches the average skin. The outward manifestation is redden- WASHINGTON OBSERVATI BY FREDERIC ‘These Roosevelts are starting out to be about the smartest things in the |form of political peychologists that | have struck Washington in many a day. Mrs. Roosevelt's appearance in the presidential gallery of the House for the opening of the special session | of Congress was worth a million dol- Iars in popularity for the new admin- istration. Her visit, which was wholly unexpected, is almost, if not wholly, unprecedented. First Ladies have generally accompanied their respective husbands to the Capitol and been | present in the House when Presidents delivered messages before a joint ses- | sion, but no one yesterday could recall | » “You can't expect them to|a White House mistress honoring the | JOU Know.” the President alibled. Hard- lower branch with her attendance un- accompanied by her husband. There Was spontaneity and warmth in the | applause salvoed in Mrs. Roosevelt’s direction, when the temporary presid- ing official drew the attention of the floor and the galleries to the attractive hatless figure in long eggshell silk blouse and dark skirt, who kept on at- tending to her knitting, though a keen auditor, while the dull formalities pre- | ceding the election of the Speaker progressed. party tarried to see Mr. Rainey In- ducted into office. She has won her spurs with the House of Represenfa- tives. * ok x % Patriarchal Henry T. Rainey realized a lifetime ambition when the House elevated him to the speakership, and so did the quiet, modest lady who has shared his fortunes for 44 years—his wife and long-time political lieutenant, the former Ella McBride of Harvard, Nebr. A moment or two after the Speaker mounted the rostrum as mas- ter of the gave! srs. Rainey made her debut as a radio broadcaster from the little library just off the House floor and adjacent to the Speaker’s room. Her remarks partook of a brief tribute to the folks all over the countrv whose spokesmen had just bestowed imperish- able fame upon the Rainey family. The Speaker’s “right-hand man” spoke feel- ingly of the shoals of letters and tele- grams that have piled up on her hus- band’s desk during the past troublous week. “They enable us” she sald to the radio audience, “to feel the pulse of the Nation and to realize how its hopes sre pinned on Congress at this critical hour.” * x x % Little old New York is not doing so bad in the early distribution of Roose- velt administration plums. So far the Empire State has drawn 3 out of 10 cabinet portfolios—Treasury, Post Office and Labor—the principal secretaryship at the White House, two assistant sec- retaryships (State and _Agriculture), the chairmanship of the Federal Farm Board, the ambassadorships to France and Spain and the roving European mission assigned to Norman H. Davis. ‘Whether this exhausts the list of major appointments allocated to the Presi- dent’s home State remains to be seen. . * ok kx Scores of members of Congress arec stranded in Washington as a result of the bank holiday. On the other hand, certain members of the late Congress who had salary-check credits on deposit with the House sergeant at arms con- luckiest persons * ok x m 8 lyrical constituent of these Dl;’ezwtionmhu hides his name be- neath an anonymous bushel comes the following bit of timely verse: I think that I shall never be such & fix as o “"3.2"’3 E':u- ‘The Pirst Lady and her| inin the ing, followed by burning and peeling and subsequent tanni ‘This pigmentation, best modern thought tends to believe, actually shows ‘$he utilization by the body of the vari- ous elements, some of them called vita- min, which are built up by extraction from the rays of light. It is a well-known fact, based upon common observation, that persons who do not tan, but merely get red, often fail to show any good effects of ex- posure to the sun. Such persons, no matter what the color of their hair, will do well to take sy with safety to a great deal perhaps, than most of get. * % % ¥ Even the enthusiast who knows the value of sunshine will find it difficult to get his quota unless he engages in and enjoys some outdoor sport, in which list must be included the art of garden- ing. Here it is not at all necessary to be an expert, in any sense of the word, since the sun shines upon the dub as well as upon the professional. | Those who wish to build up the best | “coat of tan” in the least amount of time should know that it is the length of consecutive exposure which counts. ‘Thus five or six hours spent in the sunshine continuously will do more than five or six hours spent one by one, on as many different days. But the latter method may be better for one. ‘The obscurity which yet prevails over all these phenomena is complete at this point. Just what the action is, | and wheyd continuity is necessary, is un- lained. uft almost seems as if the sun ray, as |1t strikes the skin, is a sort of sta- | tionary needle, which must be held in | the one place, so that the impact in the | skies, so many millions of miles long. can continue to drive the instrument deeper and deeper. Modern youth has discovered anew | one is used to it. “If one is used to it!” ‘There is wisdom in little there, homely knowledge which -each human being |must acquire for himself. That some never do is no argument against the rest of us trying to reach it. A modern boy can go all Winter with- out a hat, no matter if it rains, snows m’ln;unfls him with blizzard or high wind. With regard to sunshine, most people never get enough of it might be harmful in too big a dose. and women, who, as a class, tend to ydraw the shades on this beautiful and | healthful phenomenon. | In their homes the rooms are dark- | ened “to keep the sun out.” (It might | fade the rugs.) In the street cars they ride in the blinds beside the seats are pulled down |to the limit, depriving the closely crowded mass of humanity of the much- | needed antiseptic value of the sunshine. | It makes no difference to these mis- taken persons. They do not like sun- ! shine, or at least they do not think they | ,do, and so they rule it out of their lives. | One may insist that they are mis- taken. Humanity has known for centuries | that the rays of the sun are good for us. | lodern science has reinforced that knowledge by plentiful, if still incom- plete, data. | Perhaps the best indication iz simply the feeling of the average man on the first sunny morning after a rainy day. Then he knows, with certainty, that the sun is good for him. ONS WILLIAM WILE. | A fix that scans the news all day | To see if just one bank will pay | A single copper from its till | To buy some gas—at least a gill; | Or let me buy & pack of butts | Before the bank entirely shuts. | Banks were made for fools, by heck, | When only Goti can cash a check. * % x | President Roosevelt signed an appli- cation for associate membership in the | National Press Club during his maiden | conference with the Washington corre- | spondents, but smilingly inquired of “Pete” Brandt, president of the club, and Bascom Timmons, former presi- dent, who jointly proposed F. D. R. for membership, whether he hud to pony up the full $110 initiation fee right away. “I haven't had any salary yet, Jlnl is the only President in our time | who made the Press Club as an active member, 50 it cost the late editor of the | Marion Daily Star only $55 to join. were associate members. *x % x “Both Your Houses” is a new melo- drama by Maxwell Anderson, author of | “What Price Glory” and “Elizabeth the Queen,” which has just opened in New York and has the House Appropriations Committee room at Washington for its | scene of action. Like a recent talkie named after a muck-raking book about contemporary Washington, “Both Your Houses” is the story of a young West. ern member who arrives in Congres full of idealism and good intentions, only to discover that the way of such as he is strewn with dismay and pit- falls on Capitol Hill. The villain of the piece hard-boiled veteran Rep- resentative who believes that public of- fice is a private snap and has a com- plex against reformers and uplifters. ““There is nothing, except store whisky,” he says, “that I hate as much as I do an honest politician.” * x % ¥ Acting Senate Sergeant at Arms J. Mark Tnce'.‘ w’ho tgore the brunt of arrangements for the ina tion of T T . S bling of the new Senate, is another one-time Senate page who made good in & big way. As a lad of 12 or 13 he Joined the light-footed corps in 1916. his superior talent and & f years later he *office neys in downtown Washington. Then, two or three years ago, had him appointed his deputy. Few Senate spectators on March 4 knew the identity of the tall, slender, boyish fellow, who was here, there and everywhere, or his ?(;‘kfwmund.' Mr. kl?n'ry. by the way, fllling speaking engagements in the East. His topic is “The';en.u." IR Col. Campbell Hodges, milit at the White House throwmume “& administration, who is still on job there, saw four naval aides the President come and go during his tour of duty. the Mr. Hoover’s aide, but declined the for two reasons. In the first place, have had to resign from the Doug! 8. Grant, 3d. (Copyright, 1933.) —_— e The Cyclist Budgeteer. Prom the Christian Seience Monitor. ‘The new director of the bus 5 rides s bicycle miles t, in an 4 m“-u i to know whether | Especially is this true of older men | | Coolidge and Hoover, like Roosevelt, | 0| voked in the past few days of the epi- | | i , David H. Barry, recog- | SPot the | yingle musician ever lost & job because gL T quiry. | "Is it feasible and workable for Con- | | that there is no danger in exposure to | | the elements, whatever they may be, if | ? Nation to give me Remedy for Present Banking Situatio lowered pul dence in financial institutions. This confidence, already shaken by events of ihe past few years, has been jolted by recent disclosures of shameful betray- als of trust on the part of men & in banking and financial circles. lic confidence is the greatest asset of sound and safe banking instituflons, | and when confidence goes below “par” | these institutions suffer in direct pro- portion to the shrinkage in confidence Hence, the remedy for sunken confidence—value is a solution of the salt of fresh, virile confidence; more of the same ingredient to replace that| which 1is lost and to revive that which is weakening. ‘The remedies which have been in- demic are emergency specifics, born of | the drastic need of the hour, but it is| conceded that they are far from satis- factory as permanent cures. Indeed, it is not at all unlikely that continued treatment of the sort now admin- | istered—“bank holidays,” legislative | guardianship of banks, clearing house | esome qu arise vail yourself of the service of this de- ent. It costs you nothing—you ve only to send 3 cents for postage on the personal letter you will receive in reply. Do not use post cards. Any question on any subject of fact will be answered. Address your letter of in- quiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, ‘Washington, D. C. Q How old is Gene Sarazen?—J. C. A.This well-known golf champion had his thirty-first birthday anni- versary on February 27, 1933. Q. How many nurses belong to the American Nurses’ Association?—S. L. A. About 104,000 graduate nurses be- long to the professional organization. Q. Where are the principal observa- tories in the world?—A. G. A. Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.; Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Englan Paris Observatory, Paris, France; Berlin Observatory, suspensions of withdrawals and many similar makeshifts—may prove an over- dose of emergency remedy, and kfl]i the banking patients. Why? Because | any expedient that discloses to the pub- | lic the weaknesses of their banks de- | stroys that valued asset, confidence in | banks. Consequently, any rule or law | that establishes bank holidays puts an autocratic protectorate over all banks, or places an embargo on their func- tions, regardless of their condition; clas- sifies them all at once, in the minds of the public, as doubtful institutions in the general scheme of business welfare, Berlin, Germany; Pulkova Observatory, Po- land; Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass.; Lick Observatory, Mount Hamlilton, Calif.; Yerkes Ob- servatory, Willlams Bay, Wis.; Mount ‘Wilson _Observatory, Mount Wilson, Calif.; Potsdam Observatory, Potsdam, Germany. wQ.sls natural raw cotton absorbent?— A It is almost waterproof. It has to be treated to make it absorbent. Q. Is it true that when a man joins the Swedish Army his name is and we have taken a long step back- ward in helping to restore confidence | and prosperity. It may be that the ill| effect of hasty action may never be entirely overcome by the banking fra- ternity. ‘This article is not meant as a de- structive criticism, for there is appar- | ent need of hasty and drastic meas: to bolster up the falling banking struc- | | ture in this country. Here is an in- gress to authorize the banks to issue scrip money in a proportion to their | assets, liquid and/or frozen? These under proper arrangements, Whereby | the assets will be hypothecated to se- cure the guaranty. They will be given | legal tender status. When a depositor issues a check, the bank may pay in scrip. Scrip will pass current as eash. As the scrip is redeemed the guaranty of the Government is reduced pro tanto. This arrangement would at once allow all banks to meet demands in an emergency without bank holidays, without curtailing withdrawals and possibly without closing their doors, thus obviating discomfiture and loss to the community. It may be inquired. how may scrip be made to take the place of coin? If the Government guar- antees payment of the zcrip in coin of the realm. and if the guaranty is se- cured by a good margin of the banks’ assets, and if a safe limit is put upon the issuance of such scrip, with short periods of redemption, it is concelv- able that such an arrangement would at least answer for an ‘“emergency measurc.” And it would preserve thé public confidence asset of the banks. | GEORGE C. SHINN. | | Society’s Inhumanity Called Cause of Crime To the Editor of The Star: With all respect to Dr. White's lib- eral opinion that “crime is insanity, permit me to say that for those who believe themselves better authority by virtue of their demonstrated ability to neutralize both of these phases of sub- tlety, only the grace of God can render immune to such influences even those now considering themselves nppmnllyi sane. By way of amplification, allow me to remind your readers that of old an evil spirit, called dementia, perhaps, was ordered to get out of one possessed, and that method is still in use at this time successfully. In this case the unfor- tunate victim is readily responsive, amenable to the words of the exorciser, but the peculiar spirit or influence manifested in the criminal is of a dif- fering nature of subtlety and regquires an entirely different attitude. In the latter case oftentimes he is an em- bodiment of aggravated or accumulated resentment, malice and revenge, to neu- tralize which requires that religious mentalify or spirit illustrated in the practice of it, but unexplainable nor eugy impartable to students merely as such. Such being the facts, it appears to ' me that it behooves the Nation and the | Government to set aside time-honored | indifference or laissez-faire and give| | proper opportunity to men and women who are adepts in this work of spiritual | psychology to reduce the expenses of the Nation by emptying the institutions | of the unfortunates commonly known | as the insane. And as to criminals, it is possible to transform them also, but the Nation must avoid giving oc- casion for further desperation and hatred by taking a little more interest in their material needs or wants. I believe that every criminal became such | because of the neglect of soclety to | show humanity when they needed it. | I have been patiently waiting for the n opportunity mi capacity of re- | ing the insane and the criminals. | is ready to help the cause? P. CALPAKIAN. Urges That Service Bands| Be Restored to the “Air” To the Editor of The Star: Now that inauguration is past, I write | to express the hope that in the aid of the radio audience the Marine and | Navy bands will be permitted to go back on the air. It is hard to believe that the late Secretary of the Navy realized what he was doing when he signed the order that deprived thousands of hospital tients and other shut-ins and afflicted their greatest pleasure, the brightest in the week, which was eagerly anticipated from day to day. This action was nothing less than cruel. It might also be noted that the citi- 2ens of this country support these bands | and without the radio concerts only the few in Washington ever have an portunity to hear them. It would not seem to be unreasonable that the inter- | ests of the millions of listeners be con- sulted. It has been argued that these broad- casts deprive musicians of employment, but every one knows that no great bands will be employed to take their place; the place they occupied on the program | will only be filled in by an sssortment | of advertising, etc. Probably not a serve in this unusi deem! Who of the Marine or Navy Bands being on the air, and even if such were the case, the interests of the millions should Republican Spirit Urgent Need. From the Philadelphis Evening Bulletin. public need is for a lost-and- for missing pieces of Jig- changed?—H. G. . The royal Swedish legation says that this custom is not now general and that the special permission of the | department of justice is necessary be- | | fore & name can be changed. Formerly | the army officials changed the names | of men with very common names, such | | 88 Andersen, in order to facilitate the keeping of the records. At what age do most criminals commit their offenses?—M. F. M. A. Warden Lawes of Sing Sing states that prisoners between the ages of 15 and 30 years constitute over 50 per cent | may be guaranteed by the Government | of prison population and contribute 73 | per cent of the criminal¢ in prison. Q. Is the bite of the black widow spider poisonous?—S. E. A, It is dangerously poisonous. The | female is twice as large as the male and is the one which bites, since the| mouth parts of the male are too im- | perfectly developed to enable it to te. Q. Is there a material that, when burned, leaves no ashes>—W. E. D. A. Pure silk leaves no ashes. It is for this reason used as powder bags for large guns. Q. In olling a clock should the pin- | ions as well as the pivots be olled?— A. In general, the pinions of a clock should not be oiled. ~The only pinion which should be oiled is the escape wheel teeth. Q How has the tanning process changed since early days?—C. O. A. The earliest tanning consisted of placing skins in pits between layers of bark. One of the most important de- velopments in American tanning his- tory was the introduction of leaching, in which the tannin content was extracted from the bark, which permitted placing skins in tanning liquors. Q. What 1s electricity? B A. No one knows just what electricity is. A general definition is that electric W, hi ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ity is a material agency which, when in motion, exhibits magnetic. chemical and thermal effects, which, whether in motion or at rest, is of such a nature that when it is present in two or more localities within certain limits of association a mutual interaction of force between such localities is ob- served. Recent investigations indicate that it is discrete or granular in nature and that there may be two kinds, posi- tive and negative. Q. How many kinds of vegetables do most farmers raise?—L. 8. A. It depends upon the part of the counury. The average farmer usually has at least 12. Q. How long did it take to build the Panama Pacific International tion grounds and buildings>—A. E. D. A. It took about three years to plan the ground layouts and complete the construction of the exposition bulldings. ¢ Doet the l'ih?( a President have Ing privilege while in the White House?—E. C. A. She does not. Q. Is it correct to encase in horse ridden by Joan of Arc?-G. G. A. It was not until 120 years after the day of the Maid that horse armor— with the exception of a small head- plece—was used. Sculptors who array the horse of Joan in armor are guilty of introducing an anachronism. Q. What is the difference between a bill and a resolution in Congress’—E. 8. | A A bill is a written document pre- sented in a legislative body as a pro- | spective law. A bill differs from a joint | resolution partly in language. A Senate | resolution deals only with matters pe: taining to the Senate. A House reso: lution deals only with matters pertain- ing to the House. Neither of these is presented to the other body for action. A concurrent resolution deals with mat- ters pertaining to both houses, but does not require the signature of the Presi- }dent A joint resolution begins with & resolving clause. A bill begins with an enacting clause. Q. Who won the Ol e o board dive for women?—L. R, . A. It was won by Georgia Coleman, with 87.25 points. The springboard is 10 feet high. Each diver must perform | three compulsory and three voluntary d’vd"ih Pg}nu ;re scored for each dive and the diver having the highest num- berotpomu:lm“ e mim Q. How many motor busses are in operation in the United States?—O. B. A. There are about 99,000. Q. Where is the b the world>—D. R. o A. Probably the largest coral rees the world is the Great Barrier Reef : Australia, 1ying off the coast of Queens- land. It is 1,000 miles long. | Q. When and where was made?—C. B. 5 A. Genuine paper was made by she Chinese from very early times. It was probably brought into Europe during | the twelfth century through the Moors, About 1150 & paper mill was establisned at Fabriano. in Italy. The manufacture spread to France. Germany and Eng- land. In 1690 the first paper mm in America was built by William Ritten- house at Roxborough, near Philadel- phia. | Q. What Is the dlfference between a sword and a saber?—C. W. I, A. A sword is a general term indi- cating both a saber and s sword. Sword is more specifically us:@ to fndicate s straight-bladed weapon, while a saber is short and curved. Recognition Like the tumultuous flow of a stream in his own mountain country is the spontaneous outpourind of praise for Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana, whose death deprived the Roosevelt ad- ministration of its Attorney General. He is rated as a great patriot and pub- lic servant, an outstanding lawyer and & zealous and courageous upholder of honest government. “His death is a loss to the adminis- tration and to the country that is ir- reparable,” avers the Topeka Daily Cap- ital, with the conviction that “no other man can quite fill the place of the dis- tinguished Montana lawyer in the De- partment of Justice.” The Des Moines Tribune describes him as “a man who, in a period of more than average cor- ruption and demoralization, set a mag- nificent example of competence and character.” That paper, in speaking of the last Democratic Convention, re- arks: “As presiding officer he was perhaps the most impressive figure. not excepting the candidates, who walked on that stage. His address opening the proceedings was the convention’s mas- terpiece.” “For the good fight he fought, for the heroic faith he kept, for the true democ- racy he lived, he will be long remem- bered, a gallant figure in a troubled time,” declares the Atlanta Journal, which also calls him “one of the noble figures of his time,” with a career “re- vealed in a light so clear and passion- less that none can miss the high mean- ing.” Recalling his struggle with the oil scandal, the Journal comments: “Fearlessly and undiscouraged by either indifference or opposition, he went for- ward with his purpose, and in conse- quence the country has him largely to thank, not only for the conviction of the traitors, but also for a new birth of public conscience. Any one can be val- orous as well as wise after the event. It is to the glory of Thomas J. Walsh that in a crucial hour he stood un- flinching and fought for truth in a day w}:zn America was bowing to a golden calf.” ‘Among all the public men of our generation,” asserts the Omaha World- Herald, “none has been more highly re- garded for his unswerving rectitude, his uncompromising honesty.” That paper concludes: “We grieve for the fallen leader—a leader as fine and true and brave as any whose name adorns the pages of our eventful history. We peuse for the moment to pay him a tribute of the sincerest respect. And then, tomorrow, it is eyes front! The | battle to which Walsh was dedicated will be fought and won. And in its fighting and winning the memory of the deeds and character of Thomas J. Walsh of Montana will be a sustaining inspiration to Franklin D. Roosevelt himself as well as to every soldler in the ranks—and that means all of us." “Death snatched him,” Louisville Courier-Journal, honor that was to crown a career of monumental public service. Respect is be | the word which most aptly describes the sentiment for Senator Walsh held by his constitients and the people & arge—respect for his ability, respect for his integrity, respect for his sense of duty. Other public men have been widely admired and loved for qualities Senator Walsh possessed but subordi- nated to an unflinching purpose! 3 Few have been esteemed s0 highly with- out cultivating popularity fho.r “1:1; nothing but can - = ction of his tles. “It is doubtful” thinks the Jersey City Journal, “that any man in national life is more sincerely and generally re- spected in and out of his own political party than was Mr. Walsh,” and similar assurances of public confidence are given by the Birmingham Age-Herald and the Meridian Star. In his native town of Two Rivers, Wis, the lot‘l::l publication. the Reporter, pays e tribute: “His career, so typically, in _its from the sically American rise = AR R Nation Shows Overwhelmin clas- | and no assessments o =] of Walsh Gifts 8 self-supported education, school teaching and the law—that career is & text from which we preach honor and ambition to 6ur sons. We have a hun- dred little legends of him, and of his exploits as a player on the old Centen- nial base ball team. We honor him in the community house with a portrait | bust and a bronze tablet. He was ways a fellow citizen of ours, and we n;a;sg_hsm 8s we should miss & neigh- T | “By general consent.” records the Schenectady Gazette, “he was rec | nized as the greatest constitutional law- | yer of the day—as an authority whose opinions were particuiarly free from partisan or personal bias." Other recog- nition of his ability as a lawyer comes | from the Roanoke World-News. the Lexington Leader and the Connellsville | Daily Courier. The Charleston (S. C.) | Evening Post recalls that “the excep- | tional skill with which he pursued the slimy trail of the great oil frauds con- stitutes a brilliant record of personal achievement and a service of the high- est value to the country.” His services in this matter are lauded also by the Indianapolis News. the Salt Lake Des- ere; News, the Cincinnati Times-Star and the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. His brilliant work on two occasions as chairman of the Democratic National Convention is praised by the R« Island Argus, and the Philadelphia E ning Bulletin, while his unusual equip- ment for the office of Attorney General, in which he was to have served, is at- tested by the Spokane Spokesman-Re- view. the New York Sun, the Asbury Park Evening Press and the Milwaikee Sentinel. General admiration of his courage. ability and fearlessness fis mce%o &ve :Iraohmvénrk Evening News, aho Statesman, a Pru‘\s'eldentce Journal. S “Senator Walsh typified rugged Americanism.” says the ?’ ‘anton Times. His capacity. his honesty, his industry were generally recognized. His selec- ton for the post of Attorney General, it was freely conceded, was a wise ‘e on the part of Mr. Roosevelt, and added to the confidence of the people in the President-elect's ~ability to surround himself with capable men. In the last decade particularly Senator Walsh had deeply impressed himself upon the American people. ‘A student and an authority upon the Constitutioh, a lawyer of ability, a bulldog in attack and in tenacity of purpose, Senator Walsh stirred the imagination ” ool |Proposes Resolutions For U. S. Road Building To_the Editor of The Star. the following resolution: history tells t gold rush of 1849 helped“slh; h:‘;unlth:; to recover from the effects of the :;xl:‘:él lglr hlrlld that railroad butld- vities hel the the Civil War; l‘;;h;.‘ld e lereas the fact that a Treasury loan of szsn,ooo,noom::fi oversubscribed 16 times and the mounting postal savings deposits prove of money in the that there : Pplenty Wwas declared by or | country; an senper e e United States this mone ‘would be‘_bormwed and spent for .,3 mw"“'eu:mte 'Elual 10 per cent” con- show for )t‘. Ind.‘ e AR ‘Where tracts, urge Congress to di efficient roads; and be it further Resolved, That the Government bor- Tow this money and use it to widen |every main road in the United States {to & minimum of 40 feet, abolish all grade crossings and reduce all grades and curves’ to a practicable minimum; and be it further | Resolved. That the entire cost of this work be borne by the Government be levied against