Evening Star Newspaper, March 6, 1933, Page 8

{THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. | WASHINGTON, D. G MONDAY.........March 6, 1933 YHEODORE W. NOYES....Edito: The Evening Star Newspaper Compény ‘Business Office: | 11th_St. and Pennsylvanis Ave. New York : and 8t. icago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. pean Office: 14 llrnt St.. Londos. Enslan ithin the . Rate by Carrier Wi m’»fi"&u\u onith ach month. Collection nt in by mail or telephone fers may be AL 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. nd Il:‘ Vi Ir. onal ‘Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively enti led o 'gl use for republication of all news dis- atches credited co it or Rot otherwise ored- o AP AR Al of publication of ublished here i Toecial dispatches herein are also reserved. The Bank Holiday. The first act of President Roosevelt upon taking the office to which he was elected by the American people in No- vember was the proclamation of & Nation-wide banking holiday, eovering four days, ending Thursday night. This proclamation was required by the extraordinary circumstances which existed at the hour when he took the oath, the result of s state of veritable public hysteria, cumulative in force, and unless met by such a measure of pro- tection threatening to lead to a dis- astrous demoralization. Never before has such a situation prevailed in the United States. It is the consequence of & series of actians in the States, beginning in Michigan, which interposed a check upon the with- drawal of funds from the banks, in & volume which could not be provided without the collapse of hundreds of the soundest of the financial institu- tions. With every State under some form of ban upon Withdrawals, in various degrees of stringency, there eould be no other measure of precau- tion than that which was adopted yes- terday, to unify the conditions, to pre- went heavy, hasty hoarding and simul- taneously to give time for the provision of adequate currency for the transac- tion of business and the meeting of the immediate requirements of the people. It is & sign of the fundamental seundness of the fiscdl situation that despite the spasmodic outbreak of hysterical suspicion and fear the in- terposition of the Executive’s order olosing all the banks for four days was met with calm, and indeed with & feel- ing of relief. There has been no panic following upon this drastic measure. The very need of the occasion has checked the fears of the people. The machinery for the accommodation of the immediate necessities is all in order, the funds are available, and in short order, by various methods, the cur- yency »equisites to provide the daily needs and to permit the continuance of business will be provided. President Roosevelt in his inaugural address said: Our distress comes from no fallure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Cumpared with the our fathers conquered because believed and were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bounty and hu- man efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply. It is well to take these words into full account. This Nation has faced greater perils than that which is now ®0 evident, for which remedies are available and will be applied. No famine threatens. No disaster from natural eauses impends. No war menaces the peace of the land. There 48 no need to fear that todsy’s prob- Jems will not be solved, perhaps very shortly. Courage is needed, and it will not be Jacking. Confidence in the funda- mental soundness of American insti- tutions is needed, and it will be restored by the interposition of this present breathing spell and- by constructive remedial measures immediately to be devised and applied. There are so many evils from which this land might suffer far greater than a mere bank holiday— which is, in the last analysis of the sit- wuation, primarily a check upon thought- less, selfish and harmful individual panic ~—that this present measure of precaution and protection is to be hailed as a blessing, not as a disaster or a menace. If it will be regarded in this light, and there is ample evidence at this hour that it is s0 regarded, the country will emerge from its immediate difficulties stronger and sounder and more prosper- ous than before. e Inauguration day brought encourage- ment to the superstitious by definitely breaking the spell of ground hog day. The Special Session. The new Congress will meet in spe- clal session on Thursday. President Roosevelt will be prepared to submit to the National Legislature a program im- mediately dealing with the banking sit- uation. It is because of the imperative meed for such legislation that President Roosevelt has moved the first meeting of the Congress up to this week. And ‘wisely the President is preparing, and will have completely ready, a program when the Congress assembles. The Sdeas of the individual members of Congress regarding what must be done not only to help the country out of the present. stringency, but also to bring about economic recovery, are as numerous as the leaves on the trees and €ar more varied. To throw into the Con- gress these great problems for it to work out, with no guiding hand, no directing force, might bring abopt a chaotic con- dilon which would result in further un- @yrtainty and dismay in the country. And so the declaration by the Pres- THE EVENING given every indication that he welcomes this call to leadership. The new Congress, for which the country has been waiting since the No- vember elections, still has to be or- ganized for business. The Democrats and the Republicans have both selected their leaders in the coming House, and the Senate may measureably be con-[ sidered a continuing body. In the ex- isting circumstances, politics may well be adjourned, as it was (when the United States entered the World War. Indeed, attempts to play politics, espe- clally for personal and individual ad- vantage, will be ed by the American people at this time. The Re- publican leader of the House, Repre- sentative Snell of New York, already has given assurance in a public state- ment that the Republicans will co-oper- ate effeetively with the new Democratic President. To do otherwise at such a time as the present would be to the disadvantage of the country. It would likewise be suicidal to the Republican party. ‘When the Gongress assembles, the country and the President will ask for speed. This does not mean that legis- Iation shall be rushed through in ill- considered style, but it does mean that there shall be no long and disastrous delay while conditions in the country become perhaps worse. In the House action may be taken swiftly. The Sen- ate presents more of a problem, with its rule of unlimited debate. However, no legislative body can move more quickly than the Senate on occasion. That oc- casion, it appears, is here. ‘The length of the coming special ses- sion of Congress is problematical. The issues which must be met are grave and many. It may last for months. The hope of the country, however, is that it will deal promptly with its work and adjourn. German Democracy’s Doom. Germany at last has gone Fascist. The Weimar republic totters to its doom. Herr Adolf Hitler remains chancellor and becomes dictator. He may not be formally clothed with that title, but all the power and authority which go with dictatorship are now his, bulwarked by an indisputable majority of his own and Nationalist supporters in the Reichstag. The Nazi triumph knows no limits. With control of the Reich the Hitlerites have captured both Prussia and Bavaria—Bavaria, the his- toric Roman Catholic Center strong- hold. The rest of the world may now | accept the fact of ultra-Nationalist domination of all Germany for a pro- longed period, with whatever results this may entail. . Because of the ruthless and tyran- nical suppression of their political op- ponents, the Catholic Centrists, the | Social Democrats and the Communists, the outcome of.the Reichstag cam- | paign was accurately discounted in ad- | vance. An American correspondent in Berlin picturesquely described it as “a one-way campaign,” that is, a contest in which genuine, untrammeled ap- peals to the electorate were permitted only to the Hitler-Hugenberg govern- ment parties. Under the circumstances, | the opposition probably feels like con- gratulating itself that it contrived to| make as strong a showing as it did. | The net result is a Nazi-Nationalist | landslide. Up to an early hour this morning, when 39,000,000 out of the| Relch's eligible vote of 44,000,000 had been counted, and with every indica- tion of s probably total poll of ninety per cent, exceeding all precedents, Hit- ler-Hugenberg control of the Reichstag was definitely assured. The Hitlerites| will have at least 288 seats and the| Nationalists 53 mote, giving them to- gether 841, or a clear 52 per cent in a | total of 648. Nazi gains in the popular vote are impressive. The chancellor’s | party increased its vote to 44 per cent of the adult population, or 11 per cent | over that of last November and 62 per cent over its previous high-water mark in the elections of last July. | Altogether the Nazis rolled up a total | of 17,000,000 votes on Sunday. The immensity of that achievement will be grasped when the figures are compared with the votes of their various antago- nists—7,000,000 for the Social Demo- crats, 5,500,000 for the Center-Bavarian parties, and 4,800,000 for the Commu- nists. The Hitlerites, without regard to the Hugenberg Natlonalists, thus amassed a vote about equal to that of the three opposition parties combined. There is no gainsaying the magnitude of the Nazi sweep. | ‘With the Hitler-bossed Reichstag meeting in the old military garrison church at Potsdam beneath the reha- bilitated Schwarz-Weiss-Rot banner, which symbolized imperial Germany and the Hohenzollerns, the doom of democracy and parliamentary govern- ment will be formally and spectacu- larly sealed. Assuming that Sunday's Reichstag vote is an expression of the majority will, though the ferocity of the campaign by which it was registered will always leave that open to serious doubt, the German people have made their own bed. Time alone can decide whether they can lie in it to their own good. Events, too, must prove whether the enthronement of violent national- ism in Germany will cause repercus- sions beyond the Reich's borders, to the immeasurable aggravation of a world situation already grave and griev- ous in & thousand directions. —_—————————— ‘With _only their simple lodge room regalia, the Tammany braves attracted as much interest as the resplendent Hollywood troopers. With God's Help. It must have been noticed by many that the administration of President Roosevelt has begun under circum- stances of a particularly appealing re- ligious character. Mr. Roosevelt him- self chose to attend divine service at 8t. John's, the Church of the Presi- dents, on his way to the Capitol to be swprn in Saturday morning. A special program of praise and prayer was ar- ranged for him, and he gave it his rev- erent attention from first to last, pass- ing from the sanctuary to the White House and the most solemn and exact- ing moment of his eareer. Yesterday morning he went to St. Cathedral in the afternoon, but his mother was there in his stead and lis- tened to one of the most impressive and memorable religious programs ever heard in the Capital. But quite aside from these aspects of the subject, Mr. Roosevelt's own appeal for the help of Providence, in his in- augural address, is impressive. It had been well known that the new Chief Executive was & man who had a serious view of religion and was a practicing churchman, but that he should so di- rectly seek divine guidance and assist- ance was perhaps unexpected. The very language he employed was significant: In this dedication of a Nation we| yp, humbly ask the blessing of God. May He protect each and every one of us. May He guide me in the days to come. , Certainly there was ample precedent for such a petition, but the phrases in which Mr. Roosevelt spoke were his own. It was a personal appeal. He used the pronoun “me” in full con- sclousness of its meaning and with complete intention that it should be so understood. He asked the Deity's as- sistance for himself in his endeavors to discharge his duty as the chosen leader of the people in troubled and stressful times. That action, it may be pre- sumed, will touch the hearts of mil- lions of his countrymen. It is freely conceded upon every hand .that the Nation is at a crisis of its existence. The new administration has special obligations in the circumstances, but the whole people share in them and must not fail to meet them. With God’s help, as Mr. Roosevelt prayed, they will succeed. Mayor Cermak. Probably Mayor Anton Cermak of Chicago never knew of the fact, but it is true that he had the sympathy of the whole people of the United States as he vainly strove to survive the effect of the assassin's bullet which struck him down at Miami on February 14. The assault upon President-elect Roose- velt was so utterly shameless and wicked that even if no one had been hurt the Nation would have been stirred. As it was, Mr. Cermak, an innocent bystander, has had to pay with his life for the madness of a fanatic spurred to violence by treason- able propaganda and abuse. The in- cident is as pitiful as it is un-American. Only the hope that nothing ef the same kind ever may happen again and that Mr. Cermak’s death will make an indelible impression upon the public mind can comfort those who mourn him. He made a gallant fight, he was a gallant man. It will not be forgot- ten that he had the courage and the generosity to say to his friend, “I'm glad it was me, and not you.” That was a brave sentiment at such a time. By narrow chance Mr. Roosevelt was spared, and now Mr. Cermak has been taken. Mr. Roosevelt will feel the loas keenly In the circumstances. The Na- tion will share his grief. The farmers contributed enough to the result of the election to warrant them in putting aside their books on economics and turning to the cata- logues describing seed and fertilizer. — e An experiment is to be made looking to the preservation of efficiency, even though in the political house cleaning the bureau is junked. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Spring of ’33. We saw the banners glitter and we heard the music play, It was “on your way to April; then it isn't far to May!” The crocus who is welcomed~as an early guest of Spring ‘Will take a little holiday and do some blossoming. The skies looked down in wonder on the pageantry so grand, The world joined in the chorus, “Hall Columbia, Happy Land!” ‘The mocking bird is waiting till the orchestras are through, Then he'll start in celebrating in the ‘way he used to do. We've had a time of glory in the ancient honored way And we'll tell the splendid story unto many a distant day. We'll think our business over—we have had s little rest, And we'll all be fit and ready to be working for the best. Timid Among Strangers. “Are you happy to find yourself still among friends in the U. 8. Capitol?” “Happy indeed, answered Senator Sorghum. “Even the recently elected men are well known to me. The only possibility that bothers me is that I may have to get acquainted with & brand-new set of lobbyists.” Jud Tunkins says he doesn’t need any more leisure, not feeling able to incur further expense for Jjig-saw puzzles. Street Cleaning Lyrics. The peper came floating In clouds from the sky. ‘With joy we were noting ‘The bands passing by. So don’t be a fretter As working you go, Confetti is better ‘To shovel than smow. Accidentally Apropos. “Did you dance at the inaugural “Have a good partner?” “No, my experience has been embar- rassingly apropos. At & Republican ball I seemed to be dancing with an ele- phant and at the Democratic ball I felt as if I had drawn a donkey.” BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘What has become of the old-fashioned sweet potato? Several woman readers have written to this column about it, as if we ran a market, or something. *“You have the gift of making ‘trifies light as air’ interesting and t,” writes one lady. (Thanks) she where ean it be found?” she wants to ow. “I mean the sort of sweet po- tato that when baked is pale yellow, dry, and as firm and mealy as the ‘The sort we have been forced to eat this Winter, however, is red in color, stringy in texture, and sweetish in taste. ‘To any one who was brought up:on the old yellow sort, the present speci- mens are not sweet potatoes, no matter what they are called. < Note that we use “sweetish,” instead of sweet. There is about this yam something which is not pleasant, some- thing just a M‘t m‘n‘m. as it were. x ‘The true sweet potato, Ipomaea batatas, is & member of a plant family bearing the imposing name of Con- volvulaceae, No one need be afrald of such a name, however, after recalling that so pleasing and harmless a plant as the morning glory is a member of the family. The so-called Irish, or white, potato is Solanum tuberosum, a member of the plant family Solanacese, to which belongs the nightshade, and others, There is no relation between the two “potatoes” except their root-forming habit, and their sha to some extent. Most consumers, however, choose to regurd them in the same way, and to eal them principally after a like prep- aration, that of baking. Surely there can be little doubt in any lh‘:ne“ ‘mg;:—hgrk mlhould it be mouth?—that potato is the Dl s particul particularly true, perhaps, of the familiar white potato. e Given the proper sort (and these, too, have not been too easy to get), with adequate baking, plenty of good butter, and some salt, there is no food which “hits the " quite as well as a nice mealy po . * X % % Particularly, updn occasion. : It is with this, as with other foods. ?::‘:nust be in just the right mood How to hit the “‘mood” ]l;:ther is the cook's perennial prob- Nothing is commoner, of course, than the following situation: o The man of the house has waffles Inlicl‘zc?hdmw'n' e first time in mon T- haps, that he has thought ofut:én’:e at this time, and they have all the appeal | st: e “teliow 1 e fe the white jacket be- hind the lunch counter is Jns epr:n The first thing the customer knows, the man delivers into his hands a plat- terful of excellent waffies, baked to just et i e convinces th - sumer that the cakes are :ood.e o ‘The second bite makes him sure of it. Three, if you don't know, is the speci- .fled number in this particular eating place. ‘would | politics. If the leaders of both parties ped on, how- ever, the light glows at the front of the contraption, and the man at the helm seems ull-flmuhplundnthhmbuu to his skill. pretty good, after all. Si un: to admit that half & dozen assorted w:muh at lunchtime is just a bit too much. The filling powers of the half dozen have not waned when the gentleman aforesaid arrives at his home in the evening “‘Guess what we are going to have for suj ?" asks his wife htly. e doesn’t have to guess. He knows! Still, he attempts to be pleasant. “Waffles!” comes surpr Te- Jjoinder. “I thought they would be a surprise to you, because we haven't had them for a long time.” We draw the curtain over the re- mainder of this mournful scene and re- turn to sweet potatoes, by way of the white. L Baked potatoes have literary as well 83 eating qualities. They are to Be found in all of the German fairy tales, once so popular with children. Some chgracter or other is forever, in those les, being fed on baked po- tatoes, which invariably are salted. Mostly they are baked in ashes, which, somehow, at least to the mind of the child reader, gives them a tastiness all their ogm. Probably no potatoes in later and real life ever quite equal those tasted by the mind in childhood. The sweet potato, after all, is more of an ornament than a food. Its prin- cipal role, even at its best, was and is— if it can be found—to put a colorful note alongside the cranberries on the table whose main dish is the turkey. Only occasionally does the sweet po- tato, even the best, strike the gustatory note which the properly prepared baked white potato always hits, provided that one is really hungry and does not spoil }Sodfine flavor with too many other s. Wherefore, we are mnot particularly of | concerned, we must admit, about what has become of “sweet,” or why. IA‘:o’:d'o‘ 1y whif mealy white potato is so much its superior, when rly buttered and salted, especially if accompanied by a ghu of cold milk, that few of us really the sweet variety, except when we to :gmder about it. e aroma of cobblers baking is gg‘tli:ctm. a foretaste of what is to The task completed, out come the tubers, sending up streamers of vapor, 2'.'.’5‘ as they are with heat and good- Deft fingers plerce the covering. rap- idly remove smoking contents. the old-fashioned Good butter is spread thickly, salt is | | the need of filling the vacancy in his| sprinkled well— Who, at such misses swee potatoes? srios i WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Television would have been im- mensely advantageous to President Roosevelt on March 4. His inaugural address was memorable not only for what he said, but the way he said it. It was essentially a “Do it now!” speech—the sounding of & fire alarm to a people whose house is ablaze. To gras) its deadly seriousness, the coun- try should have seen, as well as heard, the President. Mr. Roosevelt does not depend upon gestures to ram his points home, at least not the ordinary gestures. Such as he uses are made mainly with his chin. That forward, militant thrust of the lower jaws as he emphasizes a phrase is likely to become as famous and characteristic as “Teddy's” bared teeth and clenched fist. The hour was ripe for audacious proposals. In his maiden presidential words, F. D. R. rose to the occasion. Herbert Hoover more than once resorted to admonitory and forceful language. The difference is that President Roosevelt has the ances- tral art of putting things over. A pre- diction—the people will like him, over the radio, and even more when they see him in oratorical action. L New Presidents, of course, down forthwith to the man’s size awaiting them, yet American history will be searched in vain for a Pnnnllel. except the task Lincoln faced 1861, to the mountainous burden Franklin Roosevelt has to tackle. Before he was in office 24 hours he was called upon to beat his “action” inaugural program into deeds, and did. His first real day in the presidency was as crammed with vital affairs of state as any he's likely to weather in four years. The banking crisis in its various ramifications and immeasurable possibilities must remind the war-time Assistant Secretary of the Navy of Washington in 1917 and 1918. The execuflve't:gcu all day Sun- day were crammed newspaper men on the alert for any inkling of impend- ing events, as they might be molded either by Secretary of the Treasury Woodin’s conference with the banking magnates, or by decisions taken by President’ Roosevelt and the cabinet. “Steve” Early, the new White House press contact officer, underwent a baptism of fire which recalled his own news-sleuthing for the Associated Press during war aza.‘ i Practical exemplification of the coun- try’s readiness scrap partisanship while the economic war ‘was given Roosevelt. “Handsome Dick” joined the executive squad in 1908, when T. R. was on the job, and F. D. R. finds him still there, now as chief, the post he's held since Wilson days. The new Presi- dent and Jervis met under delightful circumstances beneath the White House portico on Saturday, as Gov. Roosevelt was seated in an automobile awaiting President Hoover for the drive to the Capitol. “Dick” was hovering around, unobtrusively, as is his way and duty. As he was to ride up Pennsylvania avenue with the incoming President, he suggested to Admiral Grayson, who was on hand, that it wouldn't be & bad idea if some one told the Goveror who Jervis was, lest F. D. R. wonder who the stranger in the car might be. An in- formal introduction ensued. “Why, Dick,” the President-elect was over- heard to ejaculate, “they don't need to introduce us. I remember you per- fectly from the days I used to visit the White House while I,was at the Navy Department.” Then 'the man of the ?ho:;k Anhcindme msecrn Service veteran s long-lost friends, which they ere. 2 * k% % Sir Ronald Lindsay, sky-scraper Am- bassador of Great nnu‘g. mfifl the gold standard himself for the inaugura- tion ceremonies at the Capitol. Nearly all the other members of the diplomatic corps, headed by the stately dean, Ambassador Claudel of France, were aglitter with gold braid and trappings. Sir Ronald claims, among his other distinctions, membership in the “Body- guard of the King of Scotland,” an honor reserved for those who belong to the ancient Scottish clans. Lindsay is of the aristocratic Crawford clan. 80 he donned the outfit of the body- guard of the Highlands and became the most picturesque envoy of the lot. ic | To the Editor of The Star: match, and a tam-o’-shanter of the material, surmounted by a red pom: pon like the ones the BNe-! of the French army made famous. Slung across his ample chest and over the left shoulder, Sir Ronald wore a color- ful striped silk sash of blue and apparently the insignia of the m guard. Believe it or not, an inaugural visitor * kX x from the West deposes and says that Tages during the Sunday financial and politi- | Rear cal conferences. ~Alongside Secretary ‘Woodin, when he was in a huddle with the bankers, was his Republican prede- Delbetsting with the Democratic Mills. closeted with the Representative Snell, Republican minority leader in the House. Every sign already gives as- surance that outstanding men, in or out of office, are ready to pool every- thing they have in the way of know- ledge and skill, power and exampe, to overthrow the common enemy. In the enemy’s first line trenches is fear. That is the immédiate objective of the offensive my‘w‘ne‘ugmea. agree with time has nity to show whether they Preddenty t Roosevelt. that the “What you call ‘worry, " sald Hi Ho, |5, € the sage of Chinatown, “is but an ag- gravated sense of curiosity concerning an ever-mysterious future.” Don't Interrupt. Let's be a little quiet now, Don't interrupt the friend ‘Who's figuring hard to show us how Our trouble’s going to end. ‘Thomas’, the church of his choice dur- ing the period when he was Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1913-1921, and friends of those gone but The situation he will scan - And tell us how it looks. So do not interrupt the man ‘Who's balancing the books. good as what happened ‘ashington once when a group of British naval officers was presented to Hobson. “Gentlemen,” said the in- troduder, “all of you, of course, know of Capt. Hobson's famous exploit with the Merrimac.” Quoth the senior Britisher: “Oh yes, quite, but, captain, you must admit that the Monitor put up & jolly good fight!” * X *x % blicans! balanced by COrT d who | in posscation of WorlSis. who' made i Honor to the President Omitted at the Capitol are correct, politics for partisan ad- pledges are carried out. If ever there was need for co-operation between Democrats and Republicans and Re- publicans and Democrats, the time seems to be here. The new President already has gone into action. He has With the ey ach ot through Guring wi enemy put the World War, to call & halt to the depletion of gold reserves and the hoarding of currency. His legislative hen the ‘What the country needs is a restora- tion of confidence in its banks. Witn confidence will flow back into the banks weeks and months and placed in safe deposit boxes and the sock. It is obvious that the banks have been pér- mitted to engage in certain kinds of business which they should not have engaged in. Furthermore, the banking system of the country, a dual system with State and national banks existing side by side, has been nothing to brag about. Demands for a unified system have been made many times. Right there politics, and local politics, have entered into the picture. * % x The leadership question in the House of Representatives has been settled. Henry T. Rainey of Ilinois goes in as Speaker by virtue of the nomination given him the Demo- crats of the House, and esentative Joseph W. Byrns of Tennessee be- comes Democratic floor leader. The chairmanship of the Rules Committee has been held in the last Congress by Representative Pou of North Carolina, and ranking next to him stands Repre- sentative Bankhead of Alabama. The nomination of Mr. Rainey for Speaker may have left sore spots. One of his principal opponents, Representative McDuffie of Alabama, was worsted in the triangular race for the speaker- ship, and his other main opponent, Representative Byrns, was made the Democratic floor leader. Indeed, the | avoidance of a deadlock in the Demo- | cratic caucus for the speakership nomination was made possible by the | retirement of Mr. Byrns from the race. He retired with the understanding that he was to have Mr. Rainey's support for floor leader and he was to give Mr. | Rainey his own suj for Speaker. ‘The McDuffle tion was left ma- rooned. The charge that a “deal” was made between the Rainey and Byrns forces may be entirely made by the. McDuffle people, but it was the kind of deal that frequently is made to bring an end to a deadlock. Certainly the; McDuffle people were playing practical | politics when they went into the speak- ership race. If they lost because the | others were quicker on the er. there seems no reason now for a political row within the ranks of the Democrats in the House. | * x % | President Roosevelt, confronted with | cabinet caused by the death of the late | Senator Thomas J. Walsh, turned to an old friend and supporter, Homer Cummings of Connecticut. Mr. Cum- mings led the fight in Connecticut last Spring for a Roosevelt delegation to the | Democratic National Convention. The | Smith Democrats, however, won out, and Mr. Cummings, although he went | as a delegate to the convention, was under the unit rule, voted for Smith | in the balloting for a presidential nominee. The appointment of Cum- mings to be Attorney General gives | type geographical recognition to New Eng- land, which had been ignored in the Roosevelt cabinet. It does not, however, give recognition to the great mass of Smith Democrats in that section of the country. Mr. Roosevelt may get to this later. At present he is surrounded in his cabinet by 100 per cent Roosevelt supporters, three of whom are former Republicans. However, Mr. Roosevelt ‘was elected President by a huge turn- over of Republican votes to the Demo- cratic ticket. If he has recognised this revolt in the Republican party, it should not be a matter of surprise. * k k% Some of the regular Democrats were a trifle disgruntled over the picking of 50 many former Republicans for cabinet places, but as one of the Dem« Senators remarked when he looked over the cabinet list—“We still have & ma- jority in the cabinet.” Mr. Cummings, the new Attorney General, is an able lawyer. While the announcement was made that his ap- pointment to the cabinet might be of temporary character and that eventu- ally he would be sent as Governor Gen- eral to the Philippines, a post to which he had already been assigned by Mr. Roosevelt, circumstances may arise to keep him longer in the office of At- torney General. If he goes out of the cabinet, however, could President Roosevelt pick a more colorful figure, a more eminent lawyer and prosecutor than former Senator James A. Reed of Missouri? ——oe—s Land Owners Hold Noose Around Necks of People ‘When Andrew W. Mellon says that our economic system has not broken down, he is not more than half right. ‘The purely mechanical part functions as well as ever, when there is any business to be done, but the sociological part is woefully out of joint. In fact, the lat- ter has always been very defective and we ere belatedly paying for misdeeds. Depression is made by law, and not necessity. Normal life consists of production, exchange, and consumption, of service exclusively, although much service is led in the making of goods. Where each worker is free to exchange his own service for that of others, there can be no depression; differences in amount of service received, of course, no free and equal exchange of service in this country. ‘When, by operation of man-made laws, many people give continually more service than they receive in return, the injustice is not immediately apparent, but there is a gradual building up of a of service; ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. 1t '.. SRR !sflg g post rds. Address The Evening r Information Buresu, PFrederic J. Director, Wi , D. C. . How many people in the United States are homeless at the present time?—M. T. A. The National Committee on Care of Transient and Homeless says that ap- proximately 1,250,000 people are without try. Q. Before prohibition did the United States Government take the entire out- put of & distillery and hold it until of g8 vl sale for the collection of the revenue. Q. What is the salary of the President of the Irish Free State?>—D. 8. M. A. He receives an annual salary of 2,500 pounds sterling. A. The earliest recorded use of suf- focating gases in military operations was at the siege of the cities of Plataca and Belium in the war between the Athenians and the Spartans, about 431 B.C. Here sulphur was burned and the fumes were employed to harass the enemy. Q. What has become of St. Gaudens’ Summer home at Cornish, N. H.?—L. B. A. 8t. Gaudens died in 1907. His studies at Cornish have been converted into Memorial Museums which are open to the public during Summer months. Until the death of Mrs. St. Gaudens, in 1926, she maintained the Cornish estate as a public memorial to her husband; since then $100,000 has been raised for a maintenance fund by people contrib- uting from 25 cents to $10,000. This enabled the trustees to obtain title to the property under the will of Mrs. St. Gaudens. In May, 1927, the St. Gau- dens homestead estate was accepted for the State of New Hampshire by the | trustees of the St. Gaudens Memorial. Q. Is the word carillon given an Eng- lish pronunciation?—W, A. A. It may be. It is pronswueed ar it spelled karilon. Q. How much metal money has been eoEedR at the mints for this country? = . 8. A. The total amount coined at the mints since organization to the close of business December 31, 1931, was $6,013,- 973,286.26. The total number of pieces coined was 11,619,907,551. Q. Why is the diamond usually se-| lected for the stone in an engage- ment ring>—N. W. A. Its beauty, costliness and dura- bility are some of the reasons, there are other stones which would fill these requirements. In the Middle Ages the belief was current that the diamond was a peacemaker between, husband and wife. plant breeding been known?—C. H. A. The scientific breed: through the production of hybrids has as its basis Mendel's law, first pub- lished in 1865, but passed unnoticed until about 1901. Q. What is peach blow ware?— 8. A. G. A. Peach blow ware is the most valuable of Chinese pottery. It be- longs to the Chinese potteries which are transmutation glazes embracing s of flame color. These glazes dif- ::r mn;‘ red to & P:ellcnu pink, which peach blow. ch blow products have realized prize amounts in sales but | of plants | that | considered i rooms and many of these pieces exhibited in museums. Jonger made. Original was made in King te Chin an as a perfect example potters’ art. Q. How many plays did Shakespeare writn?—E. K. A. Shakespeare is usually said to have written 37 pla: Q. Is the battle of Yorktown listed among Creasy’s 15 decisive battles of the world>—B. D. T. A. It is not. Creasy includes the battle of Saratoga in the American Revolution. The battle of Yorktown was the last and deciding battle of the Revolutionary War. Q. What was Izaak Walton's book on fishing?—L. T. D. A. It was entitled “The Compleat Angler,” published in 1653. It had & subtitle, “Comtemplative Man's Recre- ation, a Discourse on Rivers, Fish Ponds, Fish and PFishing.” . What is the origin of the Polish ? the first king?— A. The Poles are ethnologically s branch of the Slavs. Their qriginal history is obscure. The first historical Polish ruler, Mieczyslaw (960-992), be- came a convert to Christianity, and Poland took rank as one of the political ers of Europe. He was succeeded his son, Bolesias I (992-1025), who extended his kingdom beyond the Oder, the Carpathians and the Dniester. He 'was recognized as King by the German Emperors. Q. Can tulips be grown from seeds?— M. G. A. It can be done, but the plants will not bloom until the eighth or ninth year. ° Q. How much did Lord Byron weigh before he dieted for reduction of weight?>—M. 1. A. A. At one time Byron is said to have weighed 200 pounds, and by reduc to have attained the weight of 11 pounds. Q. Does the Bible specify the species of fruit which Eve ate when dis- obedient?>—H. P. A. The species is not mentioned. ‘The “fruit of the tree” is the expres- sion used. Q. Are the rubber experiments which Edison began being carried on?— C.B.D. A. The work begun by Mr. Edison is being continued at East Orange, N. J, nd at Fort Myers, Fla., by the Edison tanic Research Corporation. The Department of Agriculture has plant- ings of golden rod at its agricultural experiment station near Charleston, 8. C., and through a tive ar- rangement with the Edison nic Re- search Corporation several of its selec- tions have been included. Q. Has the District of Columbia s flag and seal of its own?—J. N. A. It has no flag, but has a golden seal. The background shows the Y ginia shore with the Potomac Rivee flowing between Virginia and the City ‘with a wreath in her right hand and & tablet in her left hand on. which the s word “Constitution” in Q. How long has Mendel's law of | lines of four letters each To the of the female figure is- the- the United States, and to the left an eagle, a sheaf of wheat and tural products. In the left bac is the rising sun. Beneath the is & wreath with the figures 1871 on a scroll undernesth are the “Justitia Omnfbus.” Q. What kind of helmasé was worn by a Roman soldier at the time of Christ”—E. T. K. A. The helmet of the ordinary Roman cap, usually of leather, ened b cross bands of iron, wltwn‘:chk m’ Later the cap was made of bronse. Selection of Hull Sugg ests Diplomacy in Trade Channels Belection of Senator Cordell Hull as this country and abroad.” | Secretary of State in the Roosevelt ad- | more Sun says: ~Thus the ‘The Balti- appoint- ment of Senator Hull to be Secretary ministration gives the impression to the | of State constitutes an executive valida- country thet the diplomacy of the United States will be directed toward the solution of the problems of foreign trade. He is ranked as the leading ex- ponent of low tariff, and is credited with outstasiding ability in dealing with the general policies of government. “He is a gentleman and a scholar, a nationally recognized authority'on con- stitutional law,” says the Columbus Ohio State Journal, with the comment that “except for geographical reasons, probably he would at cne time or an- other have been the Democratic nomi- nee for President.” Ranking him as “the foremost advocate of low tariffs,” the Charleston (S. C.) News and Courjer holds that “his appcintment will be received by every country as a sign that the Roosevelt administration will strive to break down the barriers of trade now causing unemployment and poverty in them.” The Oklahoma City Times feels that “his record in office strengthens the comfidence of the country in his ability and worth.” “He has long enjoyed reputation and legislative experience,” according to the Danbury News-Times, while the San Antontio Express holds that “his public achlevements afford a guarantee tha he will always rise to the occasion.” The Rutland Herald calls him “a first- class man, so demonstrated by partisan and public service.” Similar tributes are paid by the O:hkosh Daily North- western, the Port Huron Times Herald, the Minneapolis Tribune, the New Orleans Times-Picayune, the Sun, the Youngstown Vindicator, the Sioux Falls Daily Argus-Leader and the Rock Island Argus. a s et S S in the opinicn of the C - ‘Telegram, “because he has so long such & Gargantuan one in Tennessee over such a stretch of years. He has been presidential timber of vox popull of that State for several national con- ventions. If Teputation counts for & great deal it would not be surprising to see Tennessee declare a four-year mora- His tion “as a leader m'l&o‘de' in habits cf i’d\ut.ry, d | knowledge of tariff history and prin us, repre- senting no service by its new owners, is lou)x‘e“hmrmbwhckmnlt.he themselves and exchange service their destitute fellows, but such is not production; not a factory wi consent of some land- ciples and in matters of taxation” is attested by the Omaha World-Herald, which adds that he “seems ideall suited to bring about & happy relation mtl:rmmn'lt'l" — as to carry out 3 pro- gram.” The Charlotte Observer holds he “goes into office under firm conviction that sane and realistic co- the United States i T i 1 | g i ul bl ; tion of the policy of enlightened inter- national trade relations, of which he has not only been a profound student, but a consistent and forceful protagon- ist. And, with the United States in a position of leadership in world trade policy, that stand by Mr. Roosevelt be- comes a niatter of first-rate world im- portance.” “He has much experience,” according to the Rochester Times-Union, “with fiscal legislation, writing the Federal income tax bill of 1913 and its revision in 1916, as well as the Federal inherit- ance and estate tax laws of 1916. Sen- ator Hull is especially known, however, as a stanch upholder of the traditional low tariff policy, from which his party has somewhat receded in recent years. In this conneciion he has devoted much study to world .economic_conditicns, es- pecially sinc€ assuming his seat in_the | Upper House. Selection of Senator Hull to head the State Department recalls advocacy by Mr. Roosevelt of the idea of ‘negotiated or reciprocal tariffs, by which reductions in our own duties would be exchanged for concessions by other nations.’” In a more critical vein, the Lexing- ton Leader offers the judgment: “While & jurist of some distinction, he has had no special ‘)rvpmnon to enter the fleld of international affairs. He is a bitter and intemperate opponent of the pro- tective tariff* policy pursued for so many generations by the American Gov- ernment, and it is understood will at once undertake to negotiate a series of reciprocal tariff agreements wfth the trading nations of the world, changing the whole basis on which the tariff policy has heretofore rested.” The Springfield (Mass.) Union also com- ments: “Senator Hull is an able man, but his expressed views on the tariff might be far from reassuring to the industrial interests and working con- ditions of the country, were it not that politically or congre: views are liable to much readj under the responsibility of practical ad- ministration. Questions that have one aspect to members of Congress inevit- ably assume another when members be- come responsible for the administration of public policy.” Giving him high rank among Sena- tors. the San Francisco Chronicle re- marks: “He is a lawyer and former Judge who has served for twenty-five years in Congress and is intelligently experienced in domestic affairs, but is in no sense a cosmopolitan person or an expert on international matters. His a tment means that on all critical problems Mr. Roosevelt will be his own Secretary of State, as Wilson was.” The Hartford Times feels that