Evening Star Newspaper, March 2, 1933, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C THURSDAY.......March 2, 1033 THEODORE W. NOYES.. The Evening Star Newspaper Company | Business Office: 11th_St. and Pennsylvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Ruilding. European Offce: 4 Regent 8t. London. nkla Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Sta 45c per month | The Evening and i (when 4 Sundavs). .o o e Evening and Sutday St | T hen 5 "Sundass) . ... .85¢ per month | unday Star..... ... -5c per copy | ection made at the end of each month. Orders may te sent in by mail or telephone | NAtional 5000. | Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. | Maryland and Virginia. { Daily and Sunday....1yr.$10.00: 1 mo., 85¢c Daily only ... 1yr. $6.00: 1 mo., 50c Bunday only . $4.00; 1 mo., 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday...1yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 . 1yr, $8.00: 1mo., 75¢ ot $5.00; 50c r Sunday Star | 60c per raonth | 1mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entith to the use for republication of all news dl patches credited to it or not otherwise cred- this paper and also the local news | rights of publicatton of | rein are also reserved Thomas J. Walsh. ! The sudden death of Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana comes as a shock | to the whole Nation. He was known to thousands of pecple in all walks of life, and even to those who never saw him, who were acquainted with him only through the press, his passing will be an occasion of sincerc and heart- felt grief. i Mr. Walsh was first of all 8 man of noble character. He was upright dnd honorable in every way, liberal of mind and generous of temperament. His rec- ord was unspotted, his name unstained. A politician, a master of political strategy, he nevertheless was uncom- promising in his attitude toward ex- pediency. He made no concessions, was. capable of no evasions. Public prob- | lems he viewed in definite shades of | black and white; there was for him no | gray middle ground in which there could be any shifting or trading, any | Jobbery between right and wrong. In the National Legislature he mani- fested his remarkable gifts of construc- tive statesmanship. A bullder, his cen- tribution to the Federal body of law was | unfailingly strengthening. He believed | with ali his heart in the steady, pro- | gressive evolution of his coun! and ! he understood that its welfare as a Federal commonwealth is promoted and maintained not by experimentation, but | by day-to-day development of tradi- | tional principles of demceracy. He came to the Senate as a lawyer, and his carcer there confirmed and | supported his claim to celsbrity es a | prosecutor as well as an advocate. It | was his responsibility to open and to | pursue the investigation of the Teapot | Dome ol leases, and the duty weighed | heavily upon him. But he was so fair, 0 discriminating, so impersonal in his | handling of the matter that he won the | Tespect and the admiration of all who | reported the story of the scandal and | of all who read of it. Newspaper writers who came into contact with him at that time paid him the tribute of saying, ‘vou always can rely upon| Senator Walsh.” They were conscious | of his high regard for the untainted | truth, i Mr. Walsh would have made an ideal | Judge. He had that type of mind. At| the conventions of his party over which | he presided he faced gallery mobs with- | out surrendering his serenity, and his | rulings met with the approbation of | delegates of every school of thought and of every variety of allegiance. He was a truly magnificent chairman, both look- ing and acting the part to perfection. Democracy has lost one of its out- standing leaders, and the Nation one of _its best servants. To President-elect | Roosevelt, especially, the sympathy of the people will go out. He has been deprived of a friend, a helpful comrade, a colleague who, had he survived, would ' have been, as Attorney General, an ornement, a credit and a source of power to his administration. e Dangers of the stock market have| been abundantly analyzed and ex-| plained. Yet there will always be lambs, owing to the fact that so many | citizens would rather look at the pic- tures than read the news. o Congressional Immunity. Section 6, Article I, of the Consti- tution provides: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law and | paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the| peace, be privileged from arrest during | their attendance at the session of their | respective houses and in going to and | returning from the same, and for any | speech or debate in either house they | shall not be questioned in any other | place. i The final clause of this section grants immunity to all National legis- | lators for whatever they may say in the course of the transaction of the legislative business of the Government. Under it many members of both houses of Congress have in the past indulged in language which in other places or by other persons would render them lisble to prosecution or suit for slander and libel. It is now to b2 tested in a case just brought against| Senator Huey Long of Louisiana, who a few days ago in the course of debate in the Senate bitterly assailed the counsel of an investigating committee of the Senate, employing language which in another place would unques- tionably expose him to action in court. Chided by another Senator as to the propriety of these remarks, he de- clared that he would waive his con- stitutional immunity and challenged the object of his criticism to enter suit or start other proceedings. He later qualified his concession by limiting the scene of action at law to the State of Louisiana. It is an open question whether a member of Congress can waive his immunity. That question may have to be de.ormined by the courts in this present case, regardless of the limita- tion stipulated by the Senator. But if the immunity may be waived, as it was in specific terms in the decbate, another question arises regarding the limitation which Senator Long has £ought to imposc—namely, that he would mest his occuser cnly in the courts of his own State of Leuiciana. | language upon which is now | t was uttered in the trict of | Solumbia, not in Louisiana is | subject to question on the score of a| | | versy, but Peru has yet to accept all established principle of law that in cases of slander and libel the offense is committed at the place of utterance or publication. Assumably the tourts of Louisiana would have no jurisdic- tion over the sction in this present| instance. Had Senator Long uttered the language which is now challenged in the course of the hearing at New Orleans the suit would probably need to b2 filed in that State. It would appear that the qualification | which was added to the waiver of im- munity as a second thought may afford Scnafor Long a way out of the affair. If the Louisiana ccurts have jurisdic- tion the plaintHf would not be assured of securing full justice there, if all that is reported of the conditions in that| State is true. But it is hard to sec how a suit for an allcged offense com- mitted in Washington could be enter- tained by a court in one of the States, however near or remote and however complete assurance of justice. It would be much more satisfactory, to the public certainly and, of course, to the plaintiff in this immediate case, | if Senator Long would waive his im- | munity without qualification or limita- | tion and thus permit the question of | the sufficiency of a waiver to be tested in court. For it is the profound feeling | of the people of this country that there | is altogether too much license of speech in the halls of Congress, and that some check should bz put upon it other than the rulesof the two houses, under which cr ¢ a Representative may bz disciplined for technical breaches of | propriety. | e Modifying Monroeism. Sticklers for the letter and the spirit | of the Monroe Doctrine, which is cele- brating its one hundred and tenth an- niversary this year, will raise their eye- | brows at the news from Geneva today. ‘The League of Nations, with the re- ported assent of the United States, has arranged to “internationalize” the oc- cupation of Leticia, the tiny territory in dispute between Colombia and Peru, by stationing there a military force under command of a League ccmmissicn. The force will be “internaticnal” in | only a technical sense, for i: is to con- sist of Colombian trocps plac:d et League's disposal. But the “personnel of the force can bz supplemented at Geneva's will. The Lec2u> commission, | which will have supervision of it, is to consist of represcntatives of Spain, Braril and the United States, provided each of the two latter countrics assents to that plan. Colomba on her part has | agreed to surrender control of her troops for the purpose, which is to esiablisi a modus vivendl in the Colombian-| ‘P(‘ru\'mn conflict whereby, it is hopcd,‘ the Bogota and Lima governments can bury their differences and restore peace along the Amazon. | Pending disclosure by the State De- | partment of the exact negotiations leading up to the United States’ al- leged approval of these entirely novel | steps it is necessary to withhold judg- ment as to their wisdom. Especially would it be premature to jump to the conclusion that America’s hitherto in- flexible conception of the Monroe Doc- trine is about to undergo a modification capable of becoming the thin edge of a destructive wedge. After all, there is no proposal that European or Asiatic forces shall be sent to Leticia to carry out the League of Nations’ peace-mak- ing occupation. Were such a recourse in prospect, it is inconceivable that the Washington Government would coun- tenance it. On the other hand, there | may not in effect be much actual dif- ference between a truly “international,” that is, foreign, occupation of Western Hemisphere soil by non-American forces and the occupation of such territory by forces over which non-American authority is established, either in whole or in part. Colombia has approved the project, which involves withdrawal of Peruvian military units from the area in contro- the conditions involved. There should be no groundless anxieties in this coun- try over any possible incidental perils to the Monroe Doctrine, the keystone in the arch of American foreign policy. Yet there is being invoked for the first time at Geneva, where precedent is the god before which incense is perpetually burned, an innovation of far-reaching | implications. As to its precise extent | and importance, the people of the| United States will desire to be complete- | ly and promptly informed. e If at heart the Nation, as has been suggested, has gone entirely democratic, it may be necessary in order to pre- serve a two-party government system for the Democrats to divide in certain | matters of opinion. | —_——e—— Bad habits once acquired are hard to shake. The practice of selling war | supplies to hostile nations can not be | abandoned without implying partiality to a foresighted aggressor with superior | equipment. When George Bernard Shaw suggests that he has talked too much he might take cheer and as a professional cynic inquire, “But who has not?” ————————— Slower Ambulance Speed. | Promptly following the tragedy of Monday night, when a child was killed in a collision between a hospital ambu- lence and a private automobile, & new | police regulation has been drafted for adoption and enforcement limiting the speed of ambulances to thirty miles an hour and requiring full stops at red lights at crossings to ensure safe pas- sage while the light is adverse. Such a rule would seem to be necessary to prevent further shocking accidents. It is evident that the judgment of drivers can not be trusted to ensure safety to other street users, or to exercise dis- cretion and discrimination respecting the urgency of the calls which are being answered. K In only the very rarest of cases is dangerous speed necessary in response to emergency calls. In the average case the difference in time in reporting at the scene of the call between a reck- less and a safe speed is not of any consequence. In fact, in most cases the call for help is lacking in details and there is no knowledge of the circum- stances on the part of the driver. When he sta:ts for the place of accident or illnezs he merely “steps on the gas” and plunges through the streets regard- less of all but the most cvident obstacles. His siren screams its warning, which by its very frequency is lessened in value. & tion of the -proposed o i ¥ THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D: C, THURSDAY. MARCH 2, 1933. : B S e L e e L e we ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS should follow, and a full observance of its provislons should be enforced. Lives and limbs will be spared far in excess of any suffering that may result from a slightly slower and safer driving of the ambulances. The Break in the Cabinet. As far as recollections run, the death of Senator Walsh on the eve of be- ccming Attorney General in the ad- ministration that is to be inaugurated on Saturday is the first instance of a break in a& newly named cabinet be- fore installation. It is doubly unfor- tunate both for the loss to the Presi- dent-clect in the passing of the man | Wwhose sclection was most highly re- garded and for the necessity of an eleventh-hour choice of a successor. Senator Walsh was rated by many as Mr. Roosevelt’s happiest prospective ap- pointment. His qualifications for the office he was to hold and the duties he was to discharge as Attorney Gen- eral were universally recognized. It is not too much to say that it would be difficult for the President-elect to find a man better fitted in all respects for this responsibility, and this without disparagement to whomsoever may now be added to the official family that is to be installed on Saturday. In .another respect Mr. Rcosevelt's original cabinet combination is ren- dered difficult. Immediately upon the definite anncu nt of his selection of Miss Perkins as Secretary of Labor comes expressions of opposition from rapresentatives of organized labor, a “spokeman” being quoted es saying that that interest will have no dealings | with her. This suggestion of a virtual boycott of the incumbent is, however, not to be seriously considered, as, of course, it will be necessary for the representatives of organized labor to work with the department. Miss Per- kins' appointment is enthusiastically welcomed on the other hand by rep- resentatives of women's organizations. Her record as commissioner of labor of New York State has won for her high praise, and it may be expected that her knowledge of the conditions and the necessities of the working classes, her tact and her cound judg- ment, for which her administration in New York was notable, will abate the acperities which are now manifest. S e e ‘Threat of civil war in Germany must be regarded as ascribing limited bounds | to an ambition once accused of con- templating the conquest of the world. ————r———————— It is becoming frankly understood that for every “get rich quick” flnan-" cier there must be a corresponding “get poor quick” element of the public. ——r———————— A banquet to the electoral college will be in line with the policy of re- storing forgotten men to respectful pub- lic attention. ———— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. New Deal. Here comes the hew deal, And the trump we will change! Our luck may reveal An improvement quite strange. Or the game that we try May be more subtle stuff That will let you get by With a bit of a bluff. For the losers who lack There are winners who gain. We have shuffied the pack, And we try to explain How Fortune is led Her charms to reveal. As all gayly 'tis said, “Here comes the new deall” Eloquence. “Where are the old-fashioned speakers whose eloquence was so irresistible?” asked the friend inclined to reminis- cence. “I don't know,” answered Senator Sorghum. “If they are reappearing at all it must be at our own doors in the guise of high-power salesmen.” Jud Tunkins says the world has abun- dant treasure and it's & mistake to say we've lost our money. The trouble is that some careless clerk has lost the combination to the safe. Diplomateers. ‘We don't want any slicker ‘Who will teach us how to swap. We don’t want any ticker Fixed to show where stocks will stop. Our hearts are beating quicker As we're hoping soon to drop The diplomats who dicker And the fin>nciers who flop. Turn About. “Are you in favor of men's attire for | ‘women?” “I never criticize Henrietta's taste in dress,” answered Mr. Meekton. “But I do wish she wouldn't wriggle and get so irritable when I try to fix her neck- tie for her.” “A new responsibility,” said Hi Ho the sage of Chinatown, “is like & moun- tain—beautiful in the distance, yet often difficult in the ascent. The Human Partnership. The problems which are just ahead Concern us one and all, And men must share a common dread, ‘Whatever may befall. And there is still a common hope ‘That always must survive— Let’s hang together as we grope, 8till glad to be alive. “De best way to tame an animal” said Uncle Eben, “is to keep lookin® it straight in de eyes, 'specially if it's a mule.” e ————————— Bumped. From the Nashville Banner. Up in Chardon, Ohio, & man is ad- vertising that he will “swap a sulky plow for anything.” Seems as though the back-to-the-farm movement has struck another stump. Scant Camouflage. Prom the Roanoke Times. The man who hides behind & woman's petticoats nowadays deserves to go down in history along with Christopher Columtus and other great discov- erers. Senatorial Inflation. Prom the Charlotte Observer. Of course, when it to_this ‘THIS AND THA BY CHARLES E. Ascertaining the exact moment one begins to grow old is like trying to catch one's self going to sleep. They say it cannot be done, but it can, at least one man says it can. A Washingionian whose name is well known to many persons was riding home the other evening, when he began to sing to himself. ‘What made him sing, he did not know, but he was half way through the chorus of “Weit Till the Sun Shincs, Nellie” when he caught himself. “Grow old along with me!” he rinned, quoting the well known line m Browning. 5 He had achieved the impossible. He realized, and without equivocation, that at last the mysterious thing called “growing old” had begun to happen to hi m. Other men, less given to facing the facts, might have crawled out of the admission by classifying it as a per- fectly natural and ‘spontaneous act, brought about by inward happiness and a perfect day. This gentleman, much given to being | brave in the lesser publicized moments of life, knew better. He was growing old, at last, and “Wait Till the Sun Shines” was the , handwriting on the wall of time. For him, at least. He hadn’t sung that song, or even thought of it, since childhood. As the years unfold, he wasn't what any one could have called really old, yet. Still, he had remembered an old song. | Is not the happy recollection of | | old songs the one perfect indication of | nor other breathing creatures? Age is a part of the scheme, as well as_youth. In this first indefinite riod no thought at all is given to the second, but in the latter the former exists. mel- | lowed by the time through which it has | passed. The song memories of youthful days come back with the rest. ‘The indication lies not so much in the recollection, although somewhat in that, too, as in the belief that the old | sungfi are better than those being com- today. “Wait till the sun shines, Nellie, And the clouds go_drifting by; We will be happy, Nellie, By and by!" | _Certainly not great poetry, nor would | the tune to which it is set, and has | | been set these many years, cause coms | posers to become envious, but neverthe- less the combination made a popular | song of the yesteryear. As the traveler hummed it over to | himself, he immediately said to himself that, yes, it was a better tune, a more | melodious tune, than many which were | being turned out over the radio today. His next thought was illuminating. “That song is a part of my youth, and the fact that I recall it with kind- | ness shows that my youth is gone. “And so I must be growing old.” It was the first time, as far as he | | could recall, that he had ever felt he | | was growing old. i The fact that he had slipped up on financial venturcs might have shown that he was slipping, as it were, but still | mighty men of finance, kings of the | money world, had done vastly more per- ilous slipping. Some had slipped into eternity as the only way out of their | | advancing age, which spares no man, st 5 TRACkV!LL he was holding had very calmly falien out of his hand, our hero had in wondered if he had managed to catch a xumre. in_actuality, of that theoreti- cal called slipping. His co-ordination of mind and muscle was not as good as it used to be. He had to admit it every time he walked across the street. In his youth, crossing the road was nothing at all, or less than nothing. Only chickens had difficulty there. ‘Today all was different. It took a brave man, with full co- ordination, to achieve a good crossing. Every day, and many times a day, he must face the peril of traffic. Our hero had always walked into the lanes of travel, calmly waited for one car to dart to one side of him, and an- other to the other side. He took his own sweet time, in the old days, not very long ago. During the past two or three years, however, he had noted a subtle change come over himself. Others might not have noticed it, either of him or of themselves, but he did. ltie"would. 2s the popular saying once put it. ‘The old simple bravery was no longer in his legs, in his cyes. His legs feared to move. His mind feired to direct. His eyes, even, feared they would not see that car coming too quickly. Lack of confidence— ~ Is not that the chief trouble with men as_well as of nations? Maybe the world is growing old, too, perhaps the nations are losing their pristine coordination— Well, maybes and perhaps never get ST far, not even across the Our trafic hero summoned up a bit of his old verve, got across neatly, won- dered why he made so much of such a nn'll%le Job. ese were some of the indications of older than one had been (a polite way to Imt it), but, after all, they were not absolutely definite. ‘To catch one's self singing about Nellie, absolutely out of & clear sky— That was definite! And there were other good tunes, in those days, were there not? ‘There was “I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark.” Good song, that. ‘They don’t write them that way, any more. Too much jiggling in these mod- ern things, too staccato, mostly, to cover up lack of melodic invention. In the old days the writers and their {nlkrons allke were “singing just like a ark.” ‘There was spontaneity in the old pop- ular songs, strangely lacking from many of those ground out tod:y. ‘‘There was I, a-waiting at the churc] And that one about the little bird on Nellie's hat. (Nellie was a lady, and a very popular one, evidently.) Let us sing the old songs, if we will, and even to ourselves, but let us feel sure that their singing marks the emer- gence of man into old age. The next step will be marked by a decided preference, on the part of the individual —any individual —to talk about old times, old scenes, old places, old happenings. : “'szeer;aext’:?dl nngg]nep w}llu be to talk ength, so that listeners begin to g:ck away, with a longing look, while one goes “on endlessly about whether something or other happened difficultics. Several months ago, when a coffee | Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands EYLON DAILY NEWS, Colom- bo: Let us be frank. is not wealth. Wealth can be described as the power which man has at any given time over the natural forces and substances by which he is surrounded. This in- cludes both stored-up and potential | er. | For the first time in human history | the potential power of mankind is | greater than its actual stored-up power. | The world is definitely richer than ever before. Unfortunately, the system | under which we live does not allow us to | obtain the benefits that sclence—which | is the fruit of brains and the hard work | of man—so lavishly spreads before us. | We must learn to think, not in terms of | “money” but in terms of “ . Instance, the tobacconist is not sell- | Ing cigarettes but really buying his meals, his rent, his clothes, and pro- | viding for his family. The money that | passes over his counter is merely inter- mediary. Why does a man work in a | factory? “For money,” many would answer. It is not so. He works for the | things he can exchange for his wages | or salary. A shiling or £5 is of no earthly use if we cannot ex- change it for our dally needs. It would be a great thing if those in financial authority spent more time in factories | and workshops and less time on figures that can just as easily prevent the truth as tell it. This, in part, is the great problem. To make money fit the truth of commodities and to stop trying to make commodities fit money. We “must learn” the economics of plenty and “forget” the economics of scarcity. Nicaraguan to Steer Bicycle for New York. La Noticia, Managua: Emiliano Alfaro Carnevalini, 18 years old and a native of Managua, has just completed plans to ride a bicycle from Managua to New York. He calculates that this gi- gantic effort will occupy him not more than 90 days. Alfaro Carnevalini will traverse before reaching the frontiers of the United States the territories of | Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala and Mexico. This is not the first time he has es- sayed such a trip. Two years ago he rode on his bicycle, alone, as far as the city of Vera Cruz, in Mexico, where he was received with the plaudits and ac- clamations of that admiring and sym- pathetic populace. The young Alfaro has also ridden to Panama, San Jose (Costa Rica) and several other Central American cities within the past year. He is the brother of the famous athlete, Jose Felix Carnevalini, who won the second prize for the salto de la garocha (pole vault). in the recent Olympic games. Mexico City Stops Bicycle Thieves. El Universal, Mexico: A band of bicycle thieves, it is fervently hoped, has been definitely broken up by the police in the capture of several of the ring-leaders in the nefarious traffic. ‘The operations of this coterie have been very extensive, and very simple. The method has been for members of the gang to patrol the streets looking for no other object than a bicycle. As soon as they perceive one left for a moment the grocer's boy, while the owner is within the house on his proper errand, they make off with it, ride it swiftly to their irendezvmu -tnd tdhen nrnee«; c: alter it with paint and appurtena until its owner would never recognize his own property. The machine, in most cases, is then sold to dealers in such articles who do not care to inquire too particularly into the lawful .owner- lh% of the vehicle. ith the intenticn of stamping out this base form of roguery, pre! as it does, upon those little able to support the loss of so important an auxiliary to their employment. the assistant chief of policc determined to take measures to end this wretched activity completely. So for the t few days untended bicycles have been watched not only by scl , but by the police as the de- dismount from Money | air. unguarded, belonging to a milkman, or | p, on Mond1y or Tuesday, no, let me see, it must have been on Wednesday, no, I am sure it was on Monday— High Lights on the Wide World at the extremity of a shot or two in the * x x % Diario de Panama, Panama: Some time ago an English newspaper con- ducted a sort of contest wherein its subscribers were asked to state what other animals they would next prefer to be in the event it was no longer possible for them to exist in the guise of humanity. A number of well known naturalists availed themselves of the occasion to descant upon the finer points of their various favorites. One of these experts, Senor Carlos Wain, declared emphati- cally that if he had to descend to a lower form of existence he would pre- fer t8 be an elephant. He would at least be on land—he doesn't like the water—and he would still be impressive in quantity, if not in quality. Others preferred a metamorphosis into the semblance of cats. The reasons for such modest elections were not com- petently disclosed. One, because of his inordinate ap- petite for bananas, said that his choice would be to become a monkey. Two of the naturalists thought they would like to be sparrows, for it appeared to them that these birds, so alert, impudent, ubiquitous and friendly really derived more pleasure out of life than any other creature. = xx % Australians Told of European Styles. The Bulletin, Sydney: To the Edi- tor: A Melbourne hairdresser, re- cently returned, reports changes in the European fashion landscape. ‘Women are dyeing their hair to match their gowns, platinum blond being a favorite combination, though Hhlmost any other is permissible. Not to be outmoded, the European male is going hatless, keeping his locks in place by means of an invisible hair- net, which seems more sensible than the vogue I observed in Berlin in 1914. Most of the men then wore nothing on their heads exeept their hair, but they carried a hat clipped to their lapels, much as a well-dressed artisan has two buttons on his coat-tail where his uuumm tic forebears used to carry a sticker. . I went out for & walk with a Berliner and he was suffused with shame when he discovered he had left his hat at home. Nothing wquld content him but he must go back and get his head- gear, but he never put it on all the time I was with him. One of the strangest manifestations of a respect for fashion I have ever en- countered was a woman I saw in Col- lins street, who had lipsticked a harelip. CLARENCE CAFETERIA. Canada for Reciprocity. From the Buffalo Evening News. o “Barkis is willin’,” is the attitude of the Canadian government in regard to trade reciprocity with the United States. When a proposal for such an agreement recently was advanced in the House of Commons at Ottawa, Pre- mier Bennett declared tha} the Domin- jon was ready to enter ifio a definite bargain with the United States; but e insisted that the first move must come from Washington, not from Ot- tawa. His statement for a reciprocal trade treaty was applauded by high- tariff Conservatives and moderate-tar- iff Liberals. the last few years there has been a great decline in trade between Can- ada and the United States, and the loss has been felt as much on this side of the border as in Canada. Since the proposal of the Taft administration in 1911 for such an adjustment of trade relations was turned down the Ca- nadian people at a general election, Washingtcn has been somewhat chilly toward similar proposals. However, * By G. Gould Lincoln. ‘The contest for the Democratic nomination for Speaker of the House the Seventy-third Congress, which is to be staged late today in the Demo- cratic caucus, calls to mind the last big fight among the Democrats for Speaker, which resulted in the nomina- tion and the election of the late Repre- sentative Charles F. Crisp of Georgia. It was at the opening of the first sessicn of the Fifty-second Congress, in Decamber, 1891, that Mr. Crisp &nd his followers fought the matter out with four other aspirants for the Demoeratic nomination for Speaker, R. Q. Mills of Texas, W. D. Springer of Illinois, Benton McMillin of Tennessee and Wil- liam H. Hatch of Missouri. In the congressional elections of 1890 | the Democrats had been swept into power in the House, just as they were in 1932, by an avalanche of votes. The Democrats had 236 members of the House and the Republicans only 88, and a sprinkling of members of the Farmers’ Alliance made up the balance of the membership, which was much smaller in that day. The contest for the speakership was harc-fought and lasted for weeks, beginning long before the Congress assembled on December 7, 1891, * k k% The Democrats of the House started their caucus on Saturday, December 5. The account published in The Star pointed out that the first trouble arose over how the vote for the speakership nomination should be taken—by open or secret ballot. The question was re- | ferred to a Committee cn Rules, con- sisting of one member named by each |of the candidates. At first all the members of the committee except one, | Mr. Bynum, favored a secret ballot. | Bynum was Mills' representative on the committee. When he began a vigorous protest against a secret ballot the other members of the committee an open ballot, saying they did not care to insist, and that sooner than have a contest over the matter they would give in. So the ballot was an open ballot, and the name of each member and the candidate for whom he voted were taken down by the clerk of the caucus. When the caucus opened, 227 members were present, requiring 114 to nominate. On the first ballot, the vote stood Crisp, 84; Mills, 78; !gfln(' er, 52; McMillin, 18, and Hatch, 14. ‘The Democrats “fought, bled and died” for hours, and finally adjourned until Monday at 10 am. The first ballot taken on Monday was the eighteenth, | and showed Crisp ahead with 94 votes and Mills second with 90, with the rest of the field having considerably less. * x % X No nomination was made and when the House met at noon. the election of Speaker could not proceed. After a brief recess the Democrats went back into caucus, and on the thirtieth Dballot | succeeded in nominating Crisp, with a vote of 119 to 105 for Mills. It was nof until about 10 p.m., however, that the weary Democrats ended the strug- | gle. The next day Mr. Crisp was elect- | ed Speaker of the House and served as_Speaker for three Congresses. The struggle in 1891 lay between a man from the South, & man from the Southwest and a man from the Middle West. It is almost duplicated in the present coutest for the speak nomination, in which Representative Rainey of Illinois represents the Middle West, Representative McDuffie of Ala- bema the South and Representative Byrns of Tennessee the Democrats a little west of South. Crisp proved too strong, however, and in the end some of the Middle West members turned to him rather than to Mills, making his election sure. Should there be a dead- lock in the Democratic caucus today. and should the break come from Mr. Rainey, the candidate of the Middle West for the nomination, McDuffie is likely to be the heir of many of the Raincy votes, it is said. Certainly a great deal of work has been done for McDuffie in the last few weeks, and many of the Northern Democrats are count>d upon by ti~ McDuffie campaign the A'abama man. * x x % speakership was accomplished practical- ly without a contest. He was assured the nomination long before the Demo- | crats assembled in caucus two years | ago to name a candidate for Speaker. | The late Champ Clark of Missouri was the only Democrat to hold the office of | Crisp and Speaker Garner. Mr. Clark had the matter well in hand, too, before the party caucus assembled. Like Mr. Garner and Mr. Crisp, he had the time came for him to be elected Speaker. Mr. Rainey, the present Demo- cratic floor leader, insists that he is en- | titled to have the office of Speaker by | all the precedents, which elevated floor | leaders of the party to the speakership. The Republicans broke away from this rule, however, when they nomi- nated Representative Snell of New York for Speaker following (1 ceath of the late Speaker Nicholas Longworth. Former Representative John Q. Tilson of Connecticut had been floor leader during the Longworth terms as Speaker. Mr. Snell, who is now the Republican | floor leader and who has been nomi- nated for Speaker by the Republican caucus of the House, made a contest for the speakership nomination against Mr. Tilson and defeated him. As it hap- pened, he had to be content with the | floor leadership of the Republicans, be- | cause before the Congress could as- semble the narrow majority which the Republicans had immediately follow- ing the 1930 elections was wiped out by death and special elections to fill vacancies before the Congress met in | Dezember of that ycar, P An effort is to be made to have the votes in the Democratic caucus taken by secret ballot today, it is said. What will be the attitude of the candidates and the caucus to this proposal re- mains to be seen when the caucus as- | sembles. Many of the members are reg; resented as being unwilling to placed “on the spot” in this vote for Speaker. However, if the question raised in the caucus as to whether there shall be an oeen or secret ballot, they find it difficull lot. If all the candidates are satisfled to have a secret ballot, however, that is likely to dmrein: t:ue matter, * Former Gov. Harry Flood Byrd of Vi when he takes the oath of office as Senator of the United States on Saturday to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Claude Swanson, who is to bz Secretary of the Navy in the Roosevelt cabinet, will sat- isfy an ambition which he has enter- tamed for & number of years. Mr. Byrd is a young man. He is likely to go far in his public career if he re- mains in the Senate. As Governor of Virginia_he proved an excellent execu- tive. He s sy recognized as a dominant figure ' Virginia’s representa- with an appointment cabinet. * X X X Former Gov. Alfred E. Smith, if he . '.y&‘mbkw !m'.lrc, dema. e p:tni ‘mountebanks.” 1 conditions have so greatly changed in |In the last few years tiat Washington now may give a warm wzlcome to the Ca- padian Barkis, formerly this country's Indeed, l: is said that cership | manavers to aid i: ‘he nomination of | Speaker Garner's nomination for the | | been the Democratic floor leader before | to vote for a secret bal- | days. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. military employes as 200,913. The from | eries for the @rst group totaled $1,055.- rm’ inclose 3 coin for return W' Donot use post cards. Address e Evening Star Information Bureau, ;F:d;’mcl. Haskin, Director, Washing- Q. Of what value are movies in the class room?—F. M. A. Abraham Krasker, who conducts a course in visual education mnnge ment, states that “this factor in edu cation not only uses to good advantage what is new and best, but brings reality into the class room and puts action into teaching. accurate, more natural, and more meaningful. Harvard, in connection with the Carnegle Foundation, has found sound movies especially valyable in teaching natural science, and Prol. Knowlton at Yale has discovered it has limitless improvement to make on his- tory instruction.” Q. What are the rules of order used by Congress?—A. P. A. The basis of the rules of proced- ure in both the Senate and House of Representatives is Jefferson’s Manual. Has the United States a favorable balance ot trade with Japan?—E. C. A. Nineteen hundred and thirty-two was the first time in history in which this country had a favorable balance of trade with Japan, the excess of ex- ports being due largely to a substantial decline in the value of imports from Japan, which was caused by decreases in the price of raw silk and the fall in nhinlyntlnd or to | the value of the yen, according to_an oral statement by the Commerce De- pll’tml ent’s Statistical Research Divi- sion, g. Tw’l;y do some languages die out? A. The death of a language is caused by the decadence of the people using it. Ol:-nqowfi-g‘n and ;ettuln.:;nt by other guage considerably or obuur:m4 Q. Please name and locate the des- erts in the United States—A. D. L. A. The most important deserts in in the United States are as follows: The Staked Plains or Llano Estacado of Western Texas and Eastern New Mex- ico; the so-called Great American Des- ert of Western Arizona, Eastern Cali- fornia, and Southern Utah and Ne- vada; the Painted Desert (really a part of the latter) in Northern Arizona; and the Mojave Desert of South Central California. These are not sheer deserts in the sense that the Sahara is; that is, composed of nothing but sand. In all of the American deserts some form of plant and animal life exist. Q. On what merits is the Maltese Cross given to the Marines serving through the World War?—A. M. W. A. It is awsrded to all officers and enlisted men of the Marine Corps who served in Prance during the World War, but who did not participate in any en- gagement. - Q X'l’eom as rich as chocolate?— W. E. is Cocoa is the ground cocoa bean from which part of the oil or fat has been extracted, and is sold in powdered form. Chocolite is the ’mund cocoa bean, generally in cake orm, either sweetened or unsweetened. Q. What city ranks first in the man- ufacture of iron and steel products in the United States?—H. U. A. Pittsburgh. tirely unfolded when in use?—T. P. A. The cen! the napkin. It is then easler ta keep on the lap. Q. Can an alien who entered the United States illegally ever secure nat- uralization ?—J. E. A. If he did not enter the United States before June 3, 1921, he may apply | to the 2tion Bureau, W n, |D. C, and have his arrival registered. for naturalization papers. . Q. What is the amount of the total pay_roll of the United States?— W. Speaker in the period between Speaker | D P, was made showing the total number of civilian employes in the Government service as 732,460, and the number of It makes education more |5 Should a dinner napkin be en- | ter fold should be left in | ‘This will cost $20. He may then -pply’ 'A."In January, 1932, & compilation | 970,636.55 annually, and for the second group, $250,719,830.57. 11 Q. What is the Enmme china of the ¢ | White House?>—M. E. L. A. The china most often used is the American Belleek, of 1,700 o It is & warm, creamy ivory, with a double gold border and conventional motif of the Stars and Stripes, and the seal of | the President in raised goic. Q. What has been called “the great | frontispiece to the book of the painted cells"?—T. N. A. Fra Angelico’s Crucifixion in the monastery of San Marco. Q. What does the word “jiu-jitsu” mean®—] L. G. A. "he Japenese spelling is jujutsu. Ju mes. - soft gnd jutsu means art. It “soi. art,” since no weapons are | Q. When does kite-! begin in China?—G. T. iy kg A In April. Q. How long has skiing been a Cana- dian sport?—B. H. A. Skis were introduced into Canada {about 1881. The first Canadian ski club was formed in 1893. Q. How is salt gathered on sticks in Egypt?>—L T. A. Great tracts of land are used where sea water can be introduced. The sticks are planted in a formation at equal distance from each other. The seat water is allowed to enter and to | cover the sticks completely. The locks jare then closed and the water, thus ! standing, gradually evaporates. During this process the salt clings to the sticks and by the time the entire evaporation | has taken place each stick has many | inches of salt around it. The salt is then collected and the process re- peated. | '@ Was President Jackson born in | North Carolina or South Carolina?— | A. Marquis James, author of a new | biography of Andrew Jackson, says: |“He (Andrew Jackson) was born in South Carolina, a fact etstablished by | crown authority fixing the limits of the | north and south provinces, which made | the thirty-fifth parallel of latitude the | boundary in the Waxhaws.” | @ How much goods does it take to meke a man's three-piece suit?— . L. A. Three and one-third yards of 36- inch material is usually Tequired to meake a three-piece suit for an average- size man. Q. What became of the Hindenburg Monument erected during the World War, into which the people paid to drive nails?>—G. G. €. . The German embassy says that the statue of Hindenburg erected dur- ing the war in Berlin is now in one of the Berlin museums. What is put on leather furniture to keep the dye from running?—J. P. A. The Bureau of Standards says that it is customary to coat upholstery |-deather with one or more films of nitro- | celluloss lacquer especially prepared for this work. A waterproof coating is thus obtained and one which will pre- vent the dyestuff from staining. | i Q. Were teapots brought over on the Mayflower ?>—W. W. A. E. J. R. C. Noyes says: “Tea and coffez werc not then known as bever- ages to these people, nor in their e & o | Q. When did a lady first smoke a ‘§‘le§t!! in public in this country?— . The first time that public atten- tion was directed to a woman's smok- ing in public was in 1893, when the Princess Eulalie of Spain smoked in the Cafe Marine at the Chicago | World's Fair. waherz was cotton first grown?— A. The early history of cotton is un- | known. Its cultivation is of great an- | tiquity. Most authorities believe India |to be the oldest cotton-producing country. Q In spesking of coins, what is meant by a restrike’>—G. D. | A. A restrike is the stamping of a | new design over the old design on & | coin. This was often done in the early history of the country when Spanish coins were used, and the restrike simply indicated that the coin was an Ameri- can rather than a Spanish coin. “Quaintly amusing” is the country's verdict on the action of a customs agent in New York holding up & consignment to an art museum of photographs of Michelangelo's frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, on the grounds that they are “obscene.” It is felt that changes in the law should relieve employes in the Federal service of the task of censoring art works. Swift action “to save the customs from derision” is recommended by the San Francisco Chronicle, which views the incident as “an offense, not only to the genius of the most illustrious artist of the Renaissance, but to the good taste and judgment of every civilized le.” Recording that the artist “fin- ed his great work in Chapel in 1521” and that knowledged to be his greatest painting,” the Chronicle points out that “through all the vicissitudes of taste runni for more than 400 years that apprai Te- mains unchall = ‘While suggesting that the service needs some official attention. the Des Moines Tribune has an afterthought, to the effect that “it may be best, after is | not to interfere with the present qual! of customs , 10 rym”"‘ will not hmoffl\ru‘m The Birmingham ator Cutting against suc! p and hopes for “injection of enlighten- ment into our treatment of imported art and literature.” “The agent probably is an excellent man for the job of spotting smugglers and contraband,” concedes the Asbury Park Evening Press, with the review of such cases. “Several attempts have been made to abolish this form of censor- nh?. which has served only to embarass and harass the customs service and to afford some slight protection for the do- mestic obscenity industry. Two years ago some 5 was made, under the leadership of Senator Cutting, but there is still room for veform, as the case of the Sistine pictures indicates. As long as the law making morals censors of . And that prompts us to point out that repeal of the measures designating customs agents as art cen- sors would save us from regularly being made the ‘world.” Lowell Censoring Michaelangelo - Placed Among Useless Tasks | they can’t be blamed for that” The Evening News adds: “The immortal artist was four years engaged on the | work, which has been adjudged of ug- | matched grandeur. The intellectudl | meanings of the vast design have been called inexhaustible, the frescoes rising in ascending scale of majesty through | the successive acts of creation from the last to the first. The dividing of the light from the darkness, the creation of sun, moon and stars, the creation of | the waters, the creation of man and the other subjects depicted by the great artist of the Renaissance are well known to travelers and to the apprecia- tive of art who have seen them in their setting of centuries, or in reproduction.” ing that “Christian art is not obscene,” the Dubuque Catholic Daily Tribune states that “Not even among the ancient Greeks was the representa- tion of the nude body the chief aim of sculpture or painting.” As to the present case, it makes the statement: “The subject arrangement and tech- nical excellence of these frescoes have always excited the greatest admiration. The divine, the prophetic and the human are here moct happily ex- pressed. The conception of the first is original. The prophets and sibyls have wonderful individuality, and great skill is shown in handling the drapery, while human beings are presented in animated action. Michelangelo as the architect created the beautiful division of the space and the exact proportions; as sculptor he produced the anatomical- ly correct figures, and the painter he knew how to blend I d colors into perfect harmony is the great fresco of ‘The ment,’ which Michelangelo painted upon the alter wall of th> chapel, from 1535 to 1541. In this fresco, however, the nude male figures aroused cbjection and some have been painted over by various artists. There arz no nude female figures ‘Michelangelo,” imagines the Mil- waukee Sentinel, “lool down from some exalted and celestial apartment, but it is improbable. likely that he laughed and call c-ony, Shakespeare, who had been rib- bing him for 300 years about his rather bad sonneis, to come and take a look. Shakespeare could laugh, too, quoting, by way of comment, several passages which had been scissored from some plays of his on the same innocent shores. Both Messer Michelangelo and Master William must have seen too much of that sort of thing to be an- noyed. Michelangelo may have re- called an incident of his lifetime, how & fellow who should have been color tavern signs, one Danielo, was hire to paint aprons on the undraped sin- ners of his ‘Last Judgment’ William y have remembered how certain sensitive editors removed whole scenes his ‘Troilus and Cresside’ and several pi nt lines (which h> may have quoted) from his ‘Romcd end Juliet.” Then Michelangelo may have recalled that one M. Desnoyers, min- ister of state for Louis XIII (of all people!} in France (of all countriesh) ordered his 'Leda and the Swan’ to be