Evening Star Newspaper, February 11, 1933, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SBATURDAY.,. . .February 11, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The lmluns':‘lr N u 3 11th_St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. icago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. opean” Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Englan ewspaper Company ffice: Rate by Carrier Within the City. Evening Star. 45¢ per month Evening and Sunday Star days) .60c per month ‘at the end ‘of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .17, $10.00; 1mo., 88¢ 1yr, $6.00; 1mo.. 80c L 1mo., 40¢ A Bunday only . tes and Canada. A O b2 o 1taos s100 r. 3800 1mo., i8¢ yr, $5.00; 1mo. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- tches credited to it or mot otherwise cred- Red In this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — = The Federation and Relief. The probable reconsideration of its vote by which the Federation of Citi- wens' Assoclations recently declined to indorse the bill granting to the District the privilege, now enjoyed by the States, of borrowing from the Reconstruction PFinance Corporation for relief I emergency, should provide opportunity for full and thorough discussion of this important matter. The federation dele- gates will, of course, approach the prob- lem with the thought that failure to agree on the workability of one method of meeting a relief emergency places upon the dissenters the responsibility for suggestihg an equally workable substitute. No such substitute has been suggested by the federation. Some of the members of the federa- tlon are reported to feel that as long as the District has a surplus of revenues over expenditures 1t is illogical to bor- row money and pay interest charges on aloan. That is, of course, obvious. There are other illogical inconsistencies in- volved in how local tax money is raised and how it is spent, and these could be debated until the cows come home. Plenty of people could starve in the mean time. The point is this: Only Congress has the right to appropriate local tax rev- enues. That privilege belongs to neither the Commissioners nor the Federation of gitizens' Assoclations. If the District #hould be faced by an emergency de- manding the expenditure of money to prevent starvation and death—which is no idle threat—and Congress is not in session, what good will it do if the Dis- trict has several million dollars to its credit in the Treasury of the United States? Nobody can touch that money. And it is in contemplation of just that sort of emergency that those familiar with the serious conditions, present and threatened in Washington, are asking for the power to borrow in case borrow- ing becomes necessary. It has also been suggested by some TFederation delegates that the proper ‘way to relieve unemployment is to em- bark on construction enterprises and, if necessary, borrow money to do it. Others point out that if the District borrowed money the relief therefrom would amount to a dole, and they are against & dole. But what have these theories to do with the condition facing the District of Columbia? Does the federation pos- sess the power to launch the District on sn employment-creating program of construction? Does borrowing money to meet an emergency constitute a dole, while appropriating the money to meet an emergency, as is now being done, escape criticism as a dole? No matter recently come before the federation so involves its continued prestige as & body awake to the prob- lems of the community, and anxious to participate intelligently in their solu- tion, as does this question of meeting rellef demands, The wise heads in the federation are to be commended upon thelr determination to thrash the mat- ter out further before committing the federation to a negative and non-co- operative attitude. —————— Recent blizzard experience conveys & reminder that next to the official program on March 4 the findings of | the Weather Bureau on March 3 will be the month’s most prominent demon- stration, The Cuban Powder Barrel. ‘The New York Times has recently made puklication of a series of articles by one of its trained observers, Mr. Rus- sell Porter, depicting political condi- tions in Cuba. If the opening revela- tions are typical of what is yet to be disclosed, a state of affairs exists, the | outcome of which can only be viewed | with dismay and alarm in the| United States. Once again the old misdemeanors against the Machado regime. That the New York news writer's visualization of conditions in Cuba is not a one-sided foreign view finds some verification in the resignation at Wash- ington of Senor Orestes Garcia, Cuban consul, who has been attached to the Cuban embassy for five or six years. He states that he can no longer serve under “the illegitimate system of government that Cuba has had to endure” and craves retirement from it “until there is secured a complete restoration of its liberty and democratic institutions.” Always to be remembered is that under the Platt amendment, America’s obligations toward Cuba are enduring. Applicable to conditions alleged now to prevail is this clause of the amendment: That the Cuban government consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preserva- tion of Cuban independence and to maintain a government capable of pro- tecting life, property and individual liberty. Political disturbances in Cuba occa- sioned intervention by this country in 1906. It lasted until early in 1909, a period of roundly two and a half years. A repetition of American intervention is not desirable, from either Cuba’s standpoint or that of the United States. To leave no stone unturned to obviate it is the manifest duty of President| Machado and others who control the | island’s destiny. Senor Ferrara, lately the accomplished Ambassador of the| republic to the United States and now foreign secretary at Havana, is able| to supply ample testimony as to Amer- fcan desires for stable and clean- handed government in the Pearl of the Antilles. ————. Crippling the Navy. It would be difficult, to the point of impossibility, to imagine a more de- plorable case of unjustified economy than the effect of the Bratton five per cent appropriations cut on the Navy. Secretary Adams does the Nation an in- estimable service, as his fruitful depart- mental career draws to a close, in point- ing out, in terms and figures that lose nothing in effectiveness because of their dispassionate presentation, the serious damage which would ensue from clip- ping $15,000,000 from the Navy's $300,~ 000,000 budget. ‘The country cannot be reminded too often that retrenchment in govern- mental expenditure is urgent and in- escapable. But Congress on its part cannot be told too often that national defense, in incalculable international times like these, is the spot at which the pruning knife should be applied with the utmost care. Without indulging in any semblance of alarmist argument, Secretary Adams paints an arresting picture of what the Bratton proposal would do to the United States fleet. It would force the reduction of ships in commission to 66 per cent of British vessels in commission and to 56 of the Japanese. It would add 14,650 men to the army of the unemployed. This loss of trained personnel, ashore and afloat, would be necessitated in the testh of the fact that the Navy is already 20,000 men short of the total required prop- erly to man ships in commission. “To make & five per cent cut with the least possible disaster,” says Secre- tary Adams in a terse and significant passage of his letter to Senator Bing- ham, “the Navy would be obliged to keep the fleet on the West Coast; close certain East Coast navy yards; slow down the work on ships now building and modernizing at great loss of time and increase of cost, and discharge about 4,500 civilians, saving approxi- mately $7,500,000.” The other half of the proposed $15,000,000 naval reduc- tion would include restriction of Re- serve activities; stop at once further Regular Navy enlistments, and put out of active commission thirty-three ships, including three battleships, two air- craft carriers, four heavy cruisers, two light cruisers, thirteen destroyers and six submarines. Finally, 1,150 Marines would have to be demobilized. Secretary Adams, who has a reputa- tion for measured words, afirms that the loss of 10,150 enlisted men alone “would cripple our national defense for years and seriously injure the morale of the service.” To any group of men, in or out of Congress, whose minds are | open to reason and are capable of | grasping the fundamentals of the coun- try’s vital needs, the Secretary of the Navy in this statement alone presents an unanswerable case. Capitol Hill, in its legitimate and necessitous quest for | economy, should realize that the Navy, just now, is almost the last place to practice it. A five per cent cut in fleet expenditure is shown by Secretary Adams to mean vastly more than the mere $15,000,000 it represents. It may exactly measure the distance between American safety and insecurity at sea. It is a risk the country does not want taken. ——— One eternal difficulty in adjusting international arguments lies in the fact that each natlon has a public which | demands an arbitrary show of su- periority. ery of intervention by this country 15 raised, as the single recourse possible | to prevent the island from being | plunged into devastating anarchy, civil | war and economic ruin. Rigid censorship and wholesale sup- pression of all constitutional guarantees have thus far succeeded, Mr. Porter asserts, in keeping the truth from 0oz- ing out of Cuba. The nation and the government there, he tells us, are held fast in the grip of President Machado. He is charged with the determi- nation to perpetuate his dictatorship by enforcing his own re-election in 1934, in violation of law, or else naming 8 successor who would in effect per- petuate Machado’s power. Armed rebellion and all press and parliamentary criticism of the Presi- dent’s acts are stifled, because a well- disciplined and well-equipped army con- tinues to swear him allegiance, do his bidding and rule unchallenged. But “under-ground warfare,” the New York ‘Times correspondent declares, is in in- cessant progress between Machado's minions and his foes, who are com- pelled to conduct their revolt by ter- rorism, with bombings, murder and gangster methods as their favorite measures. ‘The prisons are described as packed with political offenders held incom- municado. The University of Havana and the high schools are closed and guarded by troops on account of stu- dent agitation. Nearly every ship sail- ing for Florida or Central America carries refugees fleeing from thgeatened *ulmpnmnmttm‘nbdummmlddlcudwmhm;.perflo\umulndo e New Jersey's Road Sign Problem. New Jersey, with a gruesome record of highway fatalities, 15 now faced with a peculiar dilemma. It has fought the roadside billboard as a factor in the making of this record, on the ground that the vision of drivers is obscured and their attention is diverted, and has made considerable progress in the reduction of this menace to safety. Now comes a gift of five hundred signs, contributed by the Outdoor Advertising Association, each in striking design proclaiming the need of care in driving and with gruesome illustrations setting forth the dangers of speed and inat- tention to the road. The commissioner of motor vehicles of the State is receiv- Ing a flood of protests from organiza- tions which for the past five years have fought to discourage the use of the highways for billboard advertising. ‘Their objection to the so-called safety slgns is that they are calculated to do more harm than good, by distracting the attention of drivers by their text and pictures and thus causing the very mishaps which they are supposed to prevent. The hope is that these “warning” signs will be removed, notwithstanding the ostensible purpose of those who are erecting them to make the roads safer by admonition. There is no n to line the roads with warnings of the dangers of speed and reckless driving. The perils are patent enough to even | the most thoughtless motorist. Those | gentle in its harmony, a silent rhythm, THE EVENING S TAR., WASHINGTON, 112 FE B UARY 11, 1933. passing and corner cutting are not going to be checked by road signs. Those whose attention is attracted to them will add to the risks of the road. The National Automobile Chamber of Commerce has declared that; billboards | of any kind are a contributing cause | of accidents by the distraction of the eyes of those who drive. Two of the forty-eight States have legislated roadside signs to a distance from the right of way, Massachusetts prescribing fifty feet clearance and Connecticut Afteen feet. In the other forty-six States the business signs are permitted to crowd the highways, clam- oring loudest where the danger is great- est and often largely destroying the effect of official signs evected for guidance and warning. If New Jersey permits the erection of these five hun- dred so-called “safety” signs, ground| will have been lost in the fight for road security, to say nothing of the preserva- tion of the landscape. ——e— Washington in the Snow. Nature painted a picture over Wash- ington yesterday, and last night the| city was a spectacle Worthy of re- membrance for the momentary beauty achieved by the snow. Perhaps all cities are subject to the same principle, but the Capital particularly is glori- ous when its roofs and towers, its streets and avenues, its parks and resi- dential lawns are overlaid with a new- fallen blanket of unsullied white. At such a time the vast distances of Washington seem even greater. From an eminence like Mount St. Alban or Chevy Chase Circle the boulevards stretch away into approximate infini- tude. Long lines of light, they lle like strings of pearls across the darker areas of the lower levels, ‘The snow also brings to special notice | the fact that the Capital is a city of trees. Each branch bears its burden | of celestial fleece, and the result is an- | other manifestation of Winter's skill as an artist. In every direction, as far | as eye can see, stand ordered rows of living sentinels in uniforms of ebony, emerald and silver. There is a quiet, a sense of peace, too, which the snow brings to Wash- ington, as presumably it does likewise to other communities, and this is an- other of its notable attributes. It is & music felt but not heard. Behind the clouds last night a full moon was at work, and that circum- stance may have contributed to the net | effect. Whatever the cause as men of | sclence estimate 1t, the gentus of appre- | clation which is innate in every soul must have responded to the complete achievement. Late in the evening any sentient spirit abroad must have been conscious of a near relation between himself and the universal phenomena of which he is a part and which is called Nature by some and God by | others. Not even the best of poets has been | competent to do justice to the theme, but humanity in general is aware of the | impulse to hymn the praise of the snow. | It really is not at all a curious thing that people should find their hearts singing in a city made surpassingly en- chanting by its touch. 3 N Marriage of Schmeling, German pu- gilist, to Anni Ondra, Czechoslovakian screen star, brings Cupid to attention 25 a gentle influence in regions where political contentions are likely to arise. ————— Invitations o join the cabinet, even though representing the highest dis- tinction, cannot always be counted on at '.h.e R. 8. V. P. end. By way of increasing the perplexities of statesmenship and finance it is some- times suggested that steps be taken to investigate the investigators. Any one who, retains the ancient impressicn that & man elected to the vice presidency steps immediately into an idler's job should ask Mr. John Garner. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Useless Snowstorm. A snowstorm’s wholly wasted On the landscape far and near, ‘Where such simple joys we tasted In some well-remembered year. The skies of February Are unfriendly day by day. A snowstorm'’s useless, very, When you have no hoss and sleigh. The motor car is steaming And the starter will not start, ‘The gas pump lights are gleaming, But they're much too far apart, It's a sad storm and a slow storm As it blows the stars away. There's no comfort in a snowstorm 1If you have no hoss and sleigh. Protecting a Friend from Himself. “What is the reason you won't talk to that old friend from your home town? “You see,” answered Senator Sorg- hum, “he’s an argumentative kind of person. I fully intend to get him a post office. I'm afrald if he gets to talking, he’ll run on ’till T get irritated and change my mind.” Jud Tunkins says we're all tryin’ to get along together. Only an aviator is entitled to look down on his fellow men. Cruel Precision. The blizzard's style is quite uncouth; While some say what they shouldn’t, The weather prophet tells the truth— ‘We wish sometimes he wouldn’t. Diffusion of Sentiments. “Why don't you concentrate your in- terests in your home town?” “I'm beginning to doubt whether I have a home town,” replied Mr. Dustin Stax. “You know, for years I've been a chain store proprietor.” “A truly great man,” sai¢ Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is so intent on a duty that he escapes oblivion by not fearing it.” Distant Universes. Professor Einstein, wise old dear, Your words have often brought us cheer. ‘When earthly shadows deep arise You turn our gaze to glittering skies And for our comfort make it clear They're just as queer up there as here. “Dar is all kinds of languages,” said Uncle Eben, “but an argument in any jone of ‘em will lead to others.? & fight fes de | other ) tories BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. It has been sald that there is more than one form of whining. Not all complaining (there are many slang names for it) is so labeled. Often they masquerade as sullenness. Here they are not so easily detected by the average person, who tends to ac- cept things at their face value, with- out_looking too deeply for motives. Yet since the early days of America, the sullen man has been a prominent native. ‘There is no country town in the land without its legend of some man. or it may have been woman, who suddenly stopped speaking. Maybe it is the housewife who has not spoken to her husband for 25 years. “She cooks his meals, and takes good care of him, but she ain't spoke to him for a quarter of a century,” so the tale goes. Maybe she is right, and maybe she is wrong, but that does not alter the fact | that she is eminently sullen, withal. Mostly, however, the sullen ones of this world are the men folk. There seems to be something about the rhale temperament which fits it for fits of depression and sulkiness as well as for stratagems and spoils. Once it posed as indigestion, but since medical men have assured us that indigestion, per se, really does not exist, sulkiness must stand on its own Tfeet. Now there are entire tribes of men who suffer from chronic fits of de- pression. Sometimes it's the ‘“blues” some- times it's meanness, and sometimes it’s just plain cussedness. ~ Certain States of the Union specialize on large, chunky men who seem to find it necessary to assume a personal grouch against the universe. They are moody, non-conversational fellows. Perfinps they are typical of the peas- ant type the world around. If what they see and hear stirs them to thought, no observer would ever know it. Like some characters from Maeter- linck’s plays, if they talk at all it is in_monosyilables. Usually the range of their conver- sational powers extends from the like- lihood of rain to the state of the crops,. and back again. “Looks like rain,” says one. *“Um,” retorts the other. “Guess it'll rain.” “Maybe.” “Feels like 1t.” “Um. Five minutes of silence, and then— “Clouds coming up over there in the west.” “Um.” Guess it'll rain before morning.” ‘These men are victims of a disposi- tional depression which existed before history began. Something in their mental, and one may well think their physical, makeup, as well, keeps their tongues closely tied. It is charitable to say that “still | gre waters run deep,” and give them credit for depths of wisdom which closer ob- servation shows that they do not possess. Clearly at the bottom of their char- acters is a certain physical uneasiness, of some sort of other, which was formerly lumped off as “phlegmatic.’ In the old days when mankind was divided into “temperaments,” the phleg- matic person held a sphere all his own. No doubt the division was not scien- tific, in any degree, but it did seem to have some common sense to it. As has been said, some place or other, caution. Caution works along many ing, so that the reader might be better able to handle other human beings. The phlegmatic fellow will need one sort of handling, the volatile chap an- other. Today in many walks of life the morose man “takes out” his spleen on friends and foes alike by his assump- tion of the close-lipped pose. Usually he is sincere enough about it. He feels that way. Isn't that enough? Enough for him, no doubt, but not for the rest of us, especially when he happens to be a most likable fellow, whose woeful appearance spolls our otherwise happy day. The sullen man owes his friends something. If he wants to be moody at home, let him, if that is the best he can do there, but when he comes into the marts of trade let him cast off his harassed look, for his friends’ sake. Usually he is a big, beefy man, a fellow who has plenty of muscle. If it be objected that one doesn’t expel mental depression with the biceps, the reply should be that one may do it, however, with will power, and somehow there persists a naive be- lief that the physically able person ought to have more will power than the weak, even if he hasn't. ‘There seems to be some direct rela- tionship between mere size and sullen- ness. The distinction between sulk- is not always ‘The word “sulky” comes from Old English, meaning slothful; it has about it a certain tinge of laziness. Sullen, on_the other hand, means lone- liness at bottom. A person may be sullen without being sulky, because the latter pre- supposes inaction or insociability from resentment or ill temper, while sulleness is a passive thing, more deeply lying, sometimes in the mind, sometimes in the physical being. ‘When one is sullen one is passively Tesentful. Unfortunately, the passive stage is passed, when the gloom upon the countenance strikes chill to the heart of those who know and love the man in his happler moods. Surely one owes, in 8o far as one is able, something to society in the way of as pleasant a countenace as possible. To go around with a long face over something or nothing is very human, after all, but it places a real burden on one’s friends. of that side of the matter. All he is interested in is his own side. If you like him so well that he hurts you, all you can do is get out of his way. But one has no desire to get out of his way, let us object. is_likabl him succumb to a mood which is, in the last analysis, a re- flection of the mind in a vast ma- jority of cases. If there are physical reasons, well and good. Perhaps getting out of the way is the best solution, after all. It does not pay to lecture one'’s friends. ‘There was an old song, “Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie” (And the Clouds Go Drifting By.) It was a good one, both as a song, and as every day philosophy. Funds for Air-Mail Subsidy Held Profitable to Country While the Senate eliminated from the Treasury-Post Office appropriation bill an item of $19,000,000 for air trans- port of domestic mails, there are sug- gestions that the provision may be re- stored. The importance of this fund to the development of aviation in the United States is asserted, and it is pointed out that there will be further opportunity for the item to be consid- ered as a feature of national policy. “If the Senate attack on subsidies does nothing else,” thinks the Balti- more Sun, “it will at least help to check the mood of reckless spending, and will put the aviation industry on notice that subventions will be more carefully scrutinized in the future than they have been in the past.” The Sun also comments on the situation: “It may be doubted whether subsidy pay- ments can be withdrawn completely without violating contractual _rights which the courts will require leral to observe. But something might be done by way of revisng payments, and in view of the state of the Federal finances the possibilities in this direction are decidedly worth ex- ploring. The Post Office deficit, which has attained unprecedented proportions these last two years, might be sub- stantially reduced by a curtailment of the sums that department is now pay- ing out with a lavish hand on the subsidy contracts. The Post Office De- partment itself might have done some- thing in the direction of economy with the subsidy contracts. It is allowed a considerable discretion. But its policy has been one of expansion and ex- travagance.” * ok ok x “It is_questionable,” in the opinion of the New York Sun, “whether the Senate leaders actually intend to put an end to what Senator Robinson of Arkansas described as a luxury. It is more likely that, the House willing, they intend to defer until after the expiration of the present session the whole subject of air mail subsidies. The best indication of this course of action is the fact that what the Senate voted for was, in effect, the outright viola- tion of contracts. There is a disposi- tion, in both Senate and House, to examine the particulars of subsidies of air mail and ship mail with greater care than was the custom a few years ago. ‘That disposition ought to be encouraged, but the Senate took an unprofitable course in voting as it did, unless the postponement of issues to the next administration is held by leaders of that body to be the great desideratum.” “The striking of the 19 millions from the bill, thus leaving the air mail un- provided for,” as viewed by the Salt Lake Dessert News, “is the Demodratic answer to Postmaster General Bro¥m's proposed new contracts. ere will still be time after March fov” Mr. James A. Farley's award of air mail contracts. Mr. Farley is very likely to occupy Mr. Brown's place after the inauguration.” ‘The Senate action, in the opinion of the San Antonio Express, “aims a heavy blow at the American aeronau- tical industry,” described by that paper as “‘a vital factor in business activity and essential to national defense.” The Express also comments as to other de- tails: “In 1932 pilots carried eight million pounds of mail over routes which are indispensable to the Na- tion's business and. social concerns. Those aviators generally would be available for instant military duty in event of war, and their commercial service has been commended at home and abroad. * * * No authority on aviation will dispute the Postmaster General's assertion that the discon- tinuance or crippling of air mail serv- ice at this time ‘practically would de- stroy the aeronautical industry, with a gross annual turnover of 50 million dollars’ The enterprises which carry air mail disburse about 25 million dol- lars a year. They form the nucleus of many other interests, which would suffer with them. It is estimated that Federal, State and municipal govern- ments, corporations and individuals have invested at least 300 million dol- lars in improved airways, airports and ding fields, fa d related facilities.’” “It is apparent” advises the Wall Street Journal, “that from the view- t of promotion of air transporta- tion the Government is obtaining far more for its dollar than it did two years or four years ago, and that the air transport industry is making head- way in reducing its reliance upon what is “essentially a government subsidy. Competent observers within that in- dustry hold that air mail routes have been extended over many hundreds of miles where it is not justified by de- ction in the ap) can made without serious injury to the service as a whole or to the new in- dustry engaged in rendering it. But it should not be forgotten that there is an intimate relation between com- mmt aviation, l':lmblo ltsi?ely de& ndent upon postal subventions, an 1t’ehe national defense. The military expediency of maintaining a vigorously developig airplane manufacture plus a large and highly trained pilot person- nel cannot lightly be overlooked. For the | that reason alone actual governmental economy is likely to be better served in the long run by reasonably sustain- ing the air mail services than through too_ drastic retrenchment there which could more prudently be made in other places.” o The Hearing Ear. From the New York Times. It is ancient wisdom that the mind of man is less vividly stirred by what finds entrance through the ears than by what is brought before the eyes. This is a common experience. ‘“The eyes believe themselves, the ears believe others.” Yet hearing does bring satis- factions to the mind which the eyes can- not offer. Walter Damrosch’s music- appreciation talks, with, their {llustra- tions, for example, are literally heard half way round the earth. According to report of the National Broad Co., his audience in the schools alone is estimated to be in excess of seven millions. The best of symphonic music may be heard across the continent. Mr, Damrosch has reason to know whereof he speaks when he says, in his part of the report for the year, that music appeals most directly to the heart of man. ‘The radio has given the spoken word a new opportunity in the educational system. The voice from the outside can never take the place of the class- room teacher and book and picture, but it can aid the teacher and give wider horizons to the taught. - Especi- ally is this true in the higher ranges of teaching, where students are the better able to appreciate the authority of the mformation that comes through the channels of the air. President Hutchins of the University of Chicago, chairman of the Committee on Education, while calling attention to the difficulties in making adjustments to the needs of such widely varying groups, states from the experience of the committee that such school subjects as geography, his- tory, civics, current events, general science, English, health, character, art and music courses lend themselves “ad- mirably” to broadcast presentation. The numerator of educational value is still small for such a stupendous de- nominator of listeners outside of the schools as well as inside. The oppor- tunity challenges the educational au- thorities and the broadcasting compa- nies to prepare themselves to make fuller use of the services of these general teachers, who can speak each in thousands of schoolrooms at the same moment. Of more significance and importance is the fact that educa- tion is being carried on into adult years and even into old age. We have not yet begun to avail of the instructiopal aid that the air is ready to give to those who have the hearing ear as well as the seeing eye, and even to whose eyes have been dimmed beyond seeing. ——e— R.F. C From the Nashville Banner. ‘With the definite announcement that Gen. Dawes' bank in Chicago was Usually our sullen friend never thinks | e, mostly; one re- | common sense is just another term for | lines; one was that of character read- | b THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. Napoleon has perhaps had an unfair share of the of being written about, as he of military glory while he lived. In searching for a distin- guished subject, if one in the field of conquest is why do not more ographers go back to Jultus Caesar or Alexander the Great or Tamerlane (lack of material need be no preventive, in these days of fictionized biography) or, among the moderns, Frederick the Great? Following closely after Hilaire Belloc’s “Napoleon” comes “Napoleon” by Jacques Bainville, translated from the French by Hamish Miles. (Boston: Little, Brown & Co.) The fact that Jacques Beinville is both a French his- torian of recognized merit and a bril- liant writer pi in favor of his book, and his fulfillment does not dis- appoint. It makes such a superficial treatment as Ludwig’s “Napoleon,” which has its interest, seem akin t: hack work. The Bainville “Napoleon” is an attempt so to relate the facts and to interpret them as to explain the per- sonality of the man and ‘wonders of career. M. Bainville says in his| preface that Napoleon himself used to say that “‘how’ and ‘why’ were such useful questions that they could not be used too often. We have used them on himself.” His aim, he tells us, is to make the reader see the life of Napo- | leon “with the unity and the breaks of unity which it contains” and to enable | him to form his own opinion about the enigmatical character. * X % % “In 1768 Louis XV annexed Corsica to the Kingdom of France. How could he have suspected that in the following year the founder of a fourth dynasty would be born within this new acquisi- tion?” Napoleon was born a nonentity, with nothing about him to alarm either King, church or populace. He never gave any one time to suspect him of anything. He leaped into a dictatorship almost before people were aware of his existence. Swiftness marked his whole rise to power, and his downfall was equally swift. = Five years six months and eighteen days he spent as a prisoner on St. Helena—more than a tenth of his life, for he was in his fifty-second year when he died. In his exile he “retained only one right, but a valuable one—that of complaint.” He judgment on his captors and their cus- , in accordance with the rules of hospitality, and found them B He noted the offenses ted against the decencies and proprieties and called the attention of the world to his griev- ances. He had given up all thought of escape. - Where could he go? And his health was failing. “It might be added even, with admiration, not in irony, that he rose to this situation as he had risen to others, and that, allowing for some impatience and some weakness, he played the role of martyr to perfection. For the idea of grandeur sustained him | even more than the sense of his dignity.” * X % % There was undoubtedly something of the play-actor about Napoleon, perhaps the actor in a melodrama, for in some way the elements of a profound tragedy seem lacking. In his Longwood prison, which Lord Rosebery called “a collec- tion of huts which had been constructed as a cattle shed,” the creation of a tra- dition went on busily. Las Cases, a for- mer emigre, devoted follower of Napo- leon in his exile, became his biographer and the editor of the diaries kept by the other members of the petty court at St. Helena. “They all knew that they were entering immortality, and Napo- leon was quite aware that notes were being made all round him.” From these notes came the “Memorial of St. Hel- ena,” not a model of impartial biogra- nmru“pemnfiw?’, in the chapter - ation,” M. Jacques Bainville becomes philosophical and views Napo- leon in his relation to world develop- ment. He says that Napoleon recog- nized that he had eclipsed Frederick the Great and that he would bz the greatest of popular legends until some other hero should arise. “That other hero has not come.” And “it may be that, in the course of time, Ampere will count for more than Napoleon. The | Napoleonic era may prove to be no more | than a brief episode in what will be styled the Age of Electricity.” * %k *x ¥ John ~Galsworthy, whose recent death has deprived England of per- haps her foremost novelist, in a re- cent article in “The Modern Thinker,” called “Novelists in Profile,” discusses the future of the novel. He says: “The | than future of the novel does not this or that fashion in , or such and such economic developments; it nds on whether or no acci e m dent to throw up novelists endowed{ with one or other, or preferably both, of two qualities neither of which can be defined. These lities are stature and charm. By the law of averages each decade should provide about the same number of novelists so endowed; but study of the past will disclose, I considerable gaps; and study of the present will cause some uneasiness in regard to the future. There is some- thing about this age which is inimical to stature. ~Even individual tempera- being leveled down by , standardization, spe- cialization and rapid communication. 1t seems curious, but I think it is true, ment is that the intellectual activity we cali | COBtrol cleverness is inimical to stature—and this is a very clever age, and getting cleverer.” * k x X ‘The Strachey family apparently must write. The first novel of ~Julia Strachey, niece of Lytton Strachey, has recently apmred in England. It is entitled rful Weather for the Wedding,” and recounts the ven- tures of a wedding party, with clever sketches of all the participants. It is shortly to be published in this country. * ok kX In Volume 10 of the Dj American Biography, which has’ re- cently appeared, there are 77 Johnsons and Johnstons and 62 Joneses. The Kings come next, with the Lanes, Jen- kins, and Judsons not far behind. Among the Johnsons, one of life’s little ironies, is the name of Allen Johnson, first editor in chief of the Dictionary, who planned its character d carried large part out a terprise, but was cally killed by an automobile accident about two years ago. The phy of Dr. Allen Johnson was written by Dr. J. klin Ji chairman Fran| of the Committee of Management. * ok ok X In his biography, “John ams: ‘Old Man Eloquent,’” Bennett Champ Clark, son of the former Speaker of the House of Representa- tives, and himself recently elected to the Senate, tells of the predilection of John Quincy Adams, while he was President, for, swimming in the Poto- mac. His favorite hour was. just be- fore dawn, and he was usually accom- panied by his son John or his servant Antu\ne.v‘ sometimes by both. No se- cret service men dogged his footste] and his swimming strokes and spougs his fun. On several occasions acci- dents nearly permitted Vice President Calhoun to realize his ambition to be President. At one time a leaky canoe filled with water, and the President and Antoine were compelled to jump overboard and swim for somewhat distant shore. The President had re- moved only his coat, vest and shoes, preparatory to his swim, and so was badly encumbered in the water. His shirt sleeves filled like balloons, but even with their weight he managed to swim to safety. He was a ,» Who was naked, and the servant brought it to smg‘el. trunm ling f 'iu and L “while s or e for breath, I had am) lmn'zmr:! flect upon my own ing 8 * ok ok % Conventional gentlewomen leading colorless lives, at least on the surface, interest Naomi Royde-Smith. In her loaned $90,000,000, it was probably in- | of some of them a tumultous, rebellious evitable lh:‘t &; cyniiwnl &.nd irreverent | state of ol.:md matu. and “A;‘mu pro- labora- | among us should say F, C, meaps | duces volcanic outbursts. [ *ReBes For S i more 15 one/ of these decoptive novel. “The Bridge,” she discovers that underneath the calm, routine existence dra Will- ot | Foreign countries, in the: Quincy Ad- A ‘women, hez ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Y FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Of the vast number of questions an- swered by this ent, only & few can be published in this column. The ones that are printed must be of - eral interest and not personal in their nature. Do not, therefore, merely sign your initials to your letter and ask that the answer be published. Give your full name and address, so that you may receive & personal letter in reply. close three cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Do not use rds. Direct your letter to The Stay Infor- mation Bureau, Prederic J. , Di- rector, Washington, D. C. Q. Who have been the winners of the Chicago Tribune annual trophies awarded to the foot ball players in the | Western Conference of greatest value to their teams?—N. T. T. A. In 1924, Red Grange, Illinois; 1925, Tim Lowry, Northwestern; 1926, | Benny Friedman, Michigan; 1927, Ken Rouse, Chicago; 1928, Chuck Bennett, Indiana; 1929, Willis Glassgow, Iowa; | 1930, Wesley Fesler, Ohio State; 1931, Clarence Munn, Minnesota; 1932, Harry | Newman, Michi Q. In Five Hundred, may a person not holding a card above a 10-spot demand a new deal>—G. L. S. A. The laws of Five Hundred state: “A player not holding an Ace or Court Card cannot demand a new deal.” Q. Why does the eagle on the Presi- dent's flag face in the opposite direc- tion from the eagle on coins, medals and other insignia of the United States?—C. H. C . A. The coat of arms of the United States has the eagle facing to dexter, that is, to the observer’s left. By act of Congress of June 20, 1872, the de- sign which is used on the flag of the President of the United States is the same d as that used on the Presi- | dent’s seal. Apparently this seal, which came into existence during the admin- Istration of President Hayes, was exe- | cuted with the eagle facing to sinister. Q. How should the name of the| country over which King Carol rules be | spelled?>—C. F. A. The United States Geographic Board has determined upon the spell- tn‘, “Rumania,” for use in this coun- Ty. Q. How often should a baby be "% shoild be welg 5 hed every week until he is three months old, and after that age, at least once a month. A healthy normal baby gains from five to eight ounces a week for the first three months, and from four to six ounces for the next three months. At six months & baby has usually doubled his weight. Q. Are all pure white Persian cats deaf?—A. E. D. A. It is true that pure-bred all white Persian cats are congenitally deaf. Q. Who invented the names, Twee- dledum and Tweedledee?—M. S. P. A. They were invented John Byrom in the eighteenth century. He thus satirized two quarreling schools of musicians between which there was al- most no difference. Q. How much has the enforcement of prohibition cost>—N. W. D. A. The total cost of the enforcement of prohibition through December, 1932, has been $127,810,463.48. The amount deposited in the U. S. Treasury inci- dent to enforcement of the national prohibition act, such as fines and pen- alties, taxes and sales of confiscated cars has totaled $64,098,213.65 up until December, 1932. was the food of the gods | A. It is from the Greek “a.” & prive ative, denoting the opposite quality, and “brotos,” meaning mortal. Ame brosia was the food that was supposed to make gods immortal. Q. Are light and sound related? —J. McM. A. The Bureau of Standards says that light and sound are not funda- mentally related. Light is produced by the action on the retina of radiant energy of frequency from 400 to 750 million vibrations per second. Sound is produced by the action of pressure changes on the ear-drum of frequency from 16 to 20,000 vibrations per second. Q. Does Vice President Curtis receive & salary of $15,000 a year?—E. A. A. That is the regular salary of the Vice President, but at present his sal. ary 7?;;& been reduced 15 per cent, to $12,750. Q Please explain Fraser's idea in ex- ecuting “The End of the Trail."—C.D. A. The sculptor says: “It was the |idea of a weaker race’s being steadily pushed to the wall by a stronger, that I wished to convey in my equestrian statue, ‘The End of the Trail.'” Q. Where is the world’s most famous whirlpeol?—C. 8. C. A. The most celebrated whirlpools in the world ,lre Charybdis, between Sicily and Italy;( the maelstrom, off the coast of Norway, and that at Niagara Falls. Q. What are treaties of commerce and navigation?—C. H. A. They are cgreements between na- tions relating to the privileges and im- munities which may be enjoyed by the commerce and by the citizens or sub- jects of each party to the treaty. The object of such treaties is to procure the greatest possible freedem from dis- crimination in the pursuit of trade and the expansion of industries and for this purpose such treaties are reciprocal in terms. Q. Which countries defaulted on their debt payments to the United States in December, 19327—J. I. A. Belgium, France, Hungary, land and Esthonia. Q. How many buildings of more than 20 stories has New York City?—T. B. A. There are about 500. There are 93 bulldings with 30 stories or more. Q. How many of the planety were astronomers?—W. G. Po- known to ancient 3 A. The following six were known to the anclents: Mercury, Venus, the Earth (though not then reckoned as a planet), Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus was discovered in 1781; Nep- tune in 1846 and Pluto in 1930. Q. What country is known as the Laurentians?—P. F. A. The term is used to designate the country bordering on the St. Law- rence River. Q. Why were some soldiers given blue disc during the World Q. Why called ambrosia?—aA. 8. High Lights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newsp: which a turn can be made. * % X X Fe Benefits Doubted ln“‘b"fus. Dry Change. La Suisse, Geneva.—It is confirmed at Washington that despite the past apers of Other Lands and continued resistance of President | should be established, Hoover, cne of the first tasks of the new American Congress will be 10|ty pe modify the present prohibition laws. any * advantages ly if they are extremely disillusioned se accruing to them, are viticultural naf be very much ted. to_evi uarter of the mmmmq citles, it is cuuuk mube the principal all orbid the sale, in the & modincation. ot only of all foreign ion, not only wines, but also of all foreign beers. The gra farmers of California demand n less mnnE an :mmn ) all drinks of European elimination can be made complete b making custom duties so high that no foreign wines, and esj no wines from France, Italy, Germany or , will ever again be able to in American markets with the native luct, no matter how great their itrinsic superiority. ‘With every other form of industry at a standsiill in the United States, with the exception, perhaps, of the tobacco business, though that is opera- ting on much smaller margins of profit than at any other period in recent years, the vintners are with the conviction that they, at any rate, may bathhwimprovethelrmlfll:rhlé customers, for sale denied, will Married as a young girl to a man more than twice her actory ' clergyman's wife step- s o m:thhu to his children. At middle age R e parts from her traditional standards. A visit to her lives on Mvevl'.'hlthuem Japan’s Dilemma. Y | From the Des Moines Tribune. , Grover Clark, consultant on Far East- emn affairs, informed a luncheon group In New York the other day that “one certain factor in the situation is that the Japanese military cannot stop ad- vancing without being completely dis- credited in Japan—and they will go on enlarging the sphere of confiict \.um{ they are smashed.” But this was no militarist urging armed action by this country to hasten the smashing. Far from it. Ry X D ‘was a en! the Bankers' From the Newark Evening News. Some firreprescible member of the audience quacked when a picture of some lame duck Congressman recently was thrown on a local screen, where« o Prene Riviers, & responsie 100 ] el e amakening, hex' zevolty ‘upon t doctors indi ), a0 B