Evening Star Newspaper, January 15, 1933, Page 22

ENING STAR Morning Edition. ASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY.......January 15, 1933 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor THE ‘With The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bust : 11th_ 8t and Sunday Bta: days) 2 on m: 'ach mont] ers may be sent in by mail or telephone tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. All Other States and Canada. Dally Sun: 1yr.$12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 . BT 00: 1mo. i8¢ Member of the Associated Press. $5.00; 1mol ted Press is exclusively entitled e o yepublication of all mews dis s credited to it Or not otherwi: In this Daper ang aiso the local news Al Tlshts of publication of BT G e Bereln are’ o Tesepved. to o A Golden Anniversary. A Democratic Senator informed an office-seeker the other day that, unfor- tunately, there appear to be “more victors than there are spoils.” The relative dearth in the supply of spoils available after March 4 is due to “an act to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States” which, fifty years ago tomorrow, was signed by President Arthur. The act brought into being the first independent Government agency created in this country—the United States Civil Service Commission. Fifty years ago a lean and hungry host of Democrats had been heartened by the party's success in the congres- sional elections of the previous Fall. The Democrats had been denied the spoils of victory for twenty years and were wetting their tongues over the prospect should fortune smile on them in the presidential election of 1884. But along with the acute hunger de- veloped by continued party famine, there had been a steadily rising public sentiment protesting the viclous aspects of & spolls system which, since Jackson, hsd continued inocreasingly to manifest its evils. In 1883 Democrats, as well #s hesitant Repyblicans, passed by good margins in both Houses the civil service act. As an editorial, reproduced on this page today under the caption “Fifty Years Ago in The Star,” notes, neither the Democrats nor the Republicans voted with any great enthusiasm for the bill. But each knew that the party responsible for its defeat would be embarrassed by such responsibility in Behind it was s public demand flamed to something approaching pas- sion by the assassination of President Garfield by a disappointed office-seeker. ‘The act served to symbolize some of the poisonous fruits of the spoils system. people’ were from- bitter experience to regard that system as one made public office the private politicians who hunt jobs as a matter of course has been added a new army of the deserving, but jobless. The pressure upon the victors is already tre- sufficient to wreck and paralyze the Government machine were it not for the safety valve that lies in the Civil Service Commission. On this ceént of all those in the Federal execu- tive etvil service, are classified and filled enly through open competitive exami- nations. The incumbents of these posi- tions are removable only for cause. Efforts are now being made by the victors, not to break down the civil sérvice regulations, but to scan their protecting bulwarks with microseopic ‘care for possible loopholes. In fifty years loophole after loophole has been plugged. The protection and integrity afforded by the civil service have grown. One of its strong safeguards is that the members of Oongress, as well as the taxpayers, enjoy its protecton against| Mrs. Seaton’s throng of strangers which Without it would now “swarm like the locusts of Egypt in our houses, our | beds and our kneading-troughs.” ————————— | An educational test for citizenship is frequently suggested. Arithmetic will have to be stressed if the ability to fill out an income tax sheet i one of the requirements. Dr. Sze Beturns. A distinguished Chinese who once| was a Central High School boy in| Washington has come back again. Dr. B20-Ke Alfred Sze has been re-| appointed Minister to the United States. To the scenes of his youth and later diplomatic labors, the Na- tional Capital extends him a cordial ‘welcome and best wishes for a suc- cessful mission at this highly critical Juncture of his people's destinies. It 1s Dr. Sze's second sojourn in this eity es Chinas envoy. Untll five years ago he served at Washington in the same capacity, to be transferred at the end of that tour of duty to the Court of St. James at London, and later to Geneva. It fell to his lot to be China's chief spokesman at the League of Nations when the Man- churian controversy with Japan broke out in the Fall of 1931, cuperation in Spain, he is now happily recovercd. Graduated from Cornell in 1902, at | discussion of which nation shall under- from which eprang the nine power treaty guaranteeing the territorial in- tegrity of China. From the Washington conference ensued, too, the evacuation by Japan of the Chinese province of Shantung. Dr. Sze played no inconspicuous role in the achlevement of that objective. He will carve for himself an even more enduring name in his country’'s his- tory if hs second mission to the United States should synchronize with Japan's withdrawal, sooner or later, from Man- churia, now the bone of even more bitter international contention than so long ranged around the question of Shantung. The Senate Beer Plan. More important than its slight reduc- tions in permissible alcoholic content under the House beer bill is the Senate | subcommittee's method of approaching the ticklish question of legalization of beer and other beverages without run- | ning afoul the Constitution. The key to the Senate method is found in Section 3 (A): Nothing in the national prohibition act, as amended and supplemented, shall apply to any of the following or to any act, or failure to act, in respect of any of the following containing not more than 3.05 ntum of alcohol by weight: Beer, ale, porter, wine, similar fermented malt or vinous liquors, or fruit juices. The Senate draft of a beer bill, to be reported to the Judiclary Committee to- morrow from its subcommittee, does not attempt to do what the House bill does in defining a non-intoxicating beverage. The House bill seeks to “provide rev- enue by the taxation of certain non- intoxicating liquor.” The Senate bill, as proposed, does not deal with the question of intoxication at all. It merely exempts from certain provisions of the Volstead act certain liquors of a stipulated maximum alcoholie content. This method is intended to make more difficult a challenge of the bill on con- stitutional grounds. The courts cannot require Congress to do what Congress Tefuses to do. ' But it is obvious that the Senate bill does not remove the fundamental ob- Jjections to legalization of beer and other beverages in advance of chang- ing or repealing the eighteenth amend- ment. Certainly the Senate bill will be interpreted as an opening wedge for practical nullification of the eighteenth amendment. If there is continued de- lay in submitting to the States an ap- propriate or acceptable plan of repeal- ing or modifying the eighteenth amendment, or if more than a fourth of the States refuse to ratify the amend- ment to be submitted by Congress, the tendency in Congress will be to resort to the method proposed in the Senate beer bill, and to amend the law, should it become law, by constantly raising the allowable alcoholic limit and adding to the list of beverages which in the beginning are legalized. And as the Senate bill makes no more effort than the House bill to deal with the saloon question, the return and the gradual re-entrenchment of the saloon and all of the well known evils of the saloon are threatened. As far as the Senate’s lowering of al- coholic limit is concerned, the reduc- tion of g fraction of a per cent is not of great importance. It has been said that from the standpoint of manufac- turing technicalities, 3.05 per cent beer is less difficult to brew than 3.2 per cent beer, and Senator Blaine has has- tened to point out that 3.05 per cent beer contains more alcohol than some of the commercially well known light beers of the pre-prohibition era. Adding wine to the bill, however, is suggesting, in effect, the introduction of a new drink in América. Light wines have heretofore been regarded as containing a minimum of 10 per cent alcohol. A 3.05 per cent wine is com- mercially unknown in this country, al- though wines of approximately that content may be manufactured for local consumption in some parts of France. Such a wine is chemically possible, but commercially untried. The winemakers would probably develop a new process of restricting alcohol to the allowable limit, or else adopt the procedure of diluting wine with grape juice, faced perhaps with the difficulty of enabling their customers to distinguish between old-fashioned vinegar and new-fash- foned “wine.” Ale and porter of 3.05 per cent alcohol by weight are also unknown beverages. But they would, of course, be sold in competition with similarly named bev- erages, of higher alcoholic content, vended by bootleggers. The Senate bill lifts the House five-dollar-g-barrel tax from “home brew,” taxing only those beverages manufactured for sale. En- forcing the law will be manifestly diffi- cult. The beer bootlegger can apparent- ly view the House and Senate measures without alarm. —————————— Some of the dignity of diplomacy fades when it resolves itself into a sell another, or postpone payments with- | out getting into trouble with an inter- | national credit men's association. oo Foreclosing mortgages is a compli- cated enterprise in the Western States, where farmers bring shotguns instead of | check books. ——— et ———— John Wolle’s Choice. The death of Dr. John Frederick Wolle, for nearly half a century Amer- | fca's leading interpreter of the music of | Johann Sebastian Bach, founder of the | Bethlehem Bach Choir and organizer and conductor of the Bethlehem Bach | Festival, will bring sorrow to music | lovers throughout the United States. | He lived for music, and it was his privi- |lege to convey to multitudes of others his enthusiasm and effection for the glorious harmonies of the great German master. Now he is gone, but he will |have a monument in the choir he | founded a third of a century ago, and |no man could have a more beautitul memorial. Dr. Wolle's story is an inspiration. He was born in fhe Moravian country of Pennsylvania in 1863. His father was a clergyman of modest mesns. At the age of seven the boy was taught to play the piano by courtesy of a small sister who was taking lessons. | little friend he began to “hold services” |in the seminary basement, where the only available instrument was a dilapi- It was that the Bach Choir vision came A choral society was presenting Bach’s “St. John's Passign.” Dr. Wolle made it a business to hl;n He left the church with the conVictiop that if such music could be achieved in Ger- many 1t could be given in America. He returned home to found the Bethlehem Choral Union. From that organization the Bach Choir and the Bach Festival paralleled significance in the musical world of the United States. Each year in May the festival is held, with hun- dreds of pilgrims from all sections of the country in attendance. Honors were showered upon Dr. Wolle, but they meant nothing to him in com- parison with the joy which he felt in his work. To see him in his role of conductor was a memorable experience. If ever a man radiated music, he was that man. The choir and the festival surely will g0 on. They are tao good to lose. —t——i Soviet and Backsliders. It is whole-hog or nothing in Soviet Russia. The Communist governmental scheme, object of such adulatica by “liberals” of varying hues in this and other countries, admits of no skeptics or backsliders. From Moscow comes news that six prominent Soviet Doubt- ing Thomas officials have just had meted out to them drastic punishment for offenses against the Communist party, which is the government in Russia. Two of them were expelled outright, another removed from the reprimanded. The disciplined group includes the chairman of the state publishing de- partment; Alexi Rykoff, a leader of out- standing importance, who was commis- sar of communications; the chairman of the State Arbitration Committee, the Vice commissar for agriculture of the Russian Socialist Federated Republic, the largest of the seven in the union, and three commissars for supply and municipalities. Rykoff and two com- rades were placed under “strictest dis- cipline” and warned that they were not sufficiently active in the Communist party’s fight against anti-Soviet ele- ments. Smimoff, the Federated Repub- lic official, and two associates were expelled from the party on charges of ::!;flmnl clandestine opposition with- Only one interpretation can be placed on such developments at Moscow. They mean that even the men who have hitherto been among the props of the Soviet system are no longer wholly satisfied with its principles or its work- ings and crave to demolish or reform it. It was Zinoviefl and other moguls of the Third Internationale who not long 280 felt the lash which Stalin has ready for all those who do not bend their wills and thelr backs unquestioningly to his rule. To date Stalin has contrived to boss the show, but the measures it has been found necessary to take against pillars of the state like Rykoff and Zinovieft indicate that fermentation is in progress in the Communist party. It is, of course, impossible to predict to what extent this boring from within will proceed. But schism and heresy are at work, and the dictatorship of the prole- tariat acknowledges by its recent acts that Soviet Russia is far from being, at the outset of its sixteenth year, a house undivided against itself. ————— The New York Stock Exchange was careless about listing Ivar Kreuger se- curities. When the farmers no longer have enough money to buy gold bricks, the high-power salesmen must invade the circles of professional finance, o Japan says she is pacifying China and the Chinese insist that they were trying to be peaceful in the first place. So slight a difference of opinion may threaten a state of world disorder, —————— Radio entertainment is described as amateur vaudeville. Every nation must have a theater and solid results may best be attained by starting again with first principles. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Point Under Suspicion. “They say,” sald one young woman, “that he is a distinguished foreign mil- lionaire.” “Yes,” replied the other, who is older; “there’s no question concerning his dis- tinguished foreign air. But I have my doubts about the million.” Agreed With Him. “I think,” said the comedian, “that some of the humor which I have in- troduced is strictly up to date.” “Yes,” replied the friend who has a gentle method of saying unkind things, “there is no doubt of that. There is a great popular craze for the antique, at Ppresent.” Misplaced Attention. Well-meaning man has seldom said The thing precisely that he ought; He slights her dainty home made bread And suavely flatters what she bought. An Abstruse Topie. “Do you think that young Mr. Cadly takes after his ancestors?” “Reallv,” answered Miss Cayenne, “I haven't time ‘to discuss the Darwinian theary.” One Sorrow Less. “Do you think that a young man who 1s poor has an advantage over the child of luxury in an artistic career?” asked the aspirant. “Well,” answered Mr. Stormington Barnes, reflectively, “of course, he has this comfort: He isn't nearly so liable to lose a lot of money." The New Moon, New Moon! New Moon! Bhinin’ there so white; You wouldn't get no notice If the day was gleamin' bright. New Moon! New Moon! How wonderful you are, A-smilin’ so superior To the little sparklin’ star. Oh, the sunshine is tha glory An’ the hope of life an’ bliss; dated melodeon. In the installation of .| an organ in the college chapel he found for an expansion of his for tuition ae worked By the time he was enough for a visit and there An' yet, if darkness never came, ‘What beauties we would miss! “Do trouble about good advice,” said Eben, “is dst & man is liable to enjoyin® de fack dat somebody is * about 'tm.” 4 evolved. They are institutions of un- | Central Committee and three others | A BETTER “Where is the promise of His coming? | | For since the fathers fell asleep, all | things continue as they were from the | beginning of creation.” The writer of the above passage was referring to those who, either through | selfishness or lack of vision, were in- | capable of seeing and understanding | | the out-working of God’s purposes. As | observers of human events they could | see no change for the better. To their blurred vision human nature remained | static and the evidence of divine lead- ing in human affairs they couid not | accept. Every age has men and women of this type. Looking out on the world in which they live, they see nothing but shadows, the passing centuries have witnessed no upward climb, no attain- ment to higher, better things. Their philosophy is a philosophy of hopeless- ness and despair. Not long since one who holds to such views expressed a desire to hold a debate with a prom- inent clergyman, the question being, “Is the world morally decadent?” The lecturer in question proposed to take the affirmative. He was a man who had occupled a conspicuous place in the world of affairs, but he was utterly pessimistic concerning the drifts and tendencies of his generation. There is much of this spirit abroad today and it is calculated to do harm to those who through ignorance or lack of vision are unable to appraise the forward march of human events. Obviously, there are now and again conditions that would seem to indicate a declining interest in moral and spiritual values sociated with times of economic de- pression or misfortune of one kind and another. TUnder normal conditions man is hopeful and expectant. It grows in- creasingly evident that if we are to look hopefully to the future and by our own efforts extricate ourselves from the present situation, we shall have to make a new appraisal of human values and regard with greater confiden®> our genius and capacity to work out our own salvation. The relation of our religlous faith and practice to this whole economic problem, and, indeed, to all other problems, is intimate and to OUTLOOK BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of JV ashington. real. The wise man of old affirmed that, “As & man thinketh in his heart, £0 is he” If he thinks of life as evil, unprogressive, incapable of better things; if he is without a firm and fixed belief in an ever-present and directing God and Father of us all, his pathway is shadowed and his defeat is certain. Too many of us take short views of life rather than long views. We judge the whole by what we see of a part. This is what the poet had in mind when he wrote: “One part, one little part we dimly scan, | Through the dark medium of life’s feverish dream; Yet dare arraign the whole stupendous plan, If but one little part incongruous seem.” It is universally true that the men and women who in critical times or, indeed, in normal times, have been our leaders and guides who, with a firm faith in God and an | indomitable courage have blazed new trails for their timid and hesitant fel- lows. Thes> have been the world's real prophets, its high-minded and valiant leaders. In the hour of his greatest struggle for an ideal, the war President affirmed: “The light is shin- ing on the road ahead and it shines nowhere else.” He refused to take counsel of his fears. He would not be- lieve that the high ideal he had set for a Nation could, in a long view of life, go down to defeat. No more hope- ful word was ever spoken concerning men and women, even in their weakness and shame, than was uttered by the Great Master himself. There is no more | glowing optimism, no more confidence to be found on any lip than that which He expressed repeatedly in His con- tacts with erring men and women. True, we have many unsolved prob- lems at hand, many hidden paths that we must pursue, many seemingly in- superable difficulties that lie ahead. To approach them by questioning a con- tinuing and persistent divine guidance and the love of an eternal Father is but to agdd to our confusion and disorder. Well did some one say: “God is the unborn hope of the world that is yet BY WILLIAM HARD. It is often said that one of the ways of anticipating the policies of a new administration is to note the ones on which it ran for office and then expect their opposites. This rule is applied by its sponsors to both of our political parties. Mr. Taft, Republican, ran in 1908 on | the program of “carrying out the poli- cies of Theodore Roosevelt.” He car- ried them to the waste paper basket. Mr. Wilson, Democrat, ran in 1916 on “keeping us out of war.” He then gave us wars which extended our mili- tary experience to the banks of the Rhine and the forests of Siberia. Mr. Hoover, Republican, ran in 1928 as the champion of prohibitory dry-| ness. By 1932 he was a prophet of re- visionary wetness. These reminiscences recur to Wash- ington today as it contemplates the development of the policies which will distinguish the era of the new resto- ration of the Democrats to national political power. *oxoxox The Democratic platfo..n of 1932 attributed our current economic miseries to—above all—the Republican practice of national ‘“economic isolation.” It advocated “foreign trade.” It promised “reciprocal tariff agreements.” The Democratic candidate, Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his acceptance speech told the Democratic National Conven- tion that the Republicans, through their tariffs, had surrounded this country | with “an impregnable barbed wire en- tanglement which has isolated us from all the other human beings in all the Test of the round world.” He engaged, with the help of his party, to restore us to economic fellowship with the human_race. In_theory, then, one would expect the Democrats in this present session of the Congress to be devoting them- selves to at least preparatory labors for the great task of making tariff | duties go through the legislative mangle | {and come out thinner and feebler. That is, such would be the expsctation if it were not for the rule counseling | us to expect the contrary of the theo- retical. * K K Ok ‘There have been two bills of supreme | importance in the Congress in this| session. One has been the bill passed by both houses for the speedy inde- pendence of the Philippine Islands. The | other is the “allotment plan” farm re- lief bill introduced last week into the House of Representatives. The Philip- pine Islands bill was supported over- whelmingly by the Democrats of both the House and the Senate. The “allot- ment plan” bill is an altogether offi- cially Democratic party measure. In theory each bill should represent |an advance toward freer international | economic intercourse. In practice each bill represents an additional bar to international economic intercourse. The Philippine Islands bill bestows independence upon the Filipinos at the |end of a term of years. During that | term it keeps the Filipinos within the orbit of our sovereignty. It never- theless, during that term, imposes re- strictions upon economic _intercourse | between the Pilipinos and us. The restrictions are new and they are asso- ciated with tariff taxes. x %0y ‘The Filipinos, according to the bill, could send us only 800,000 tons of raw sugar, 200,000 tons of coconut oil, and 3,000,000 pounds of cordage in any one year duty free. On all excesses above those fixed amounts they would pay the | same tariff duties as are paid by other foreign producers, While they still remain American subjects, their trade with America .is to be subjected to limitations and to possible taxes. When they become completely inde- pendent there is to be a conference | between the Filipino government and | the American Government on the subject of “future trade relations” be- tween the two countries. The outcome of that conference, unless there is a change in the present temper of the Congress, can be now completely pre- dicted. The United States will impose upon Filipino products the full tariff duties now imposed upon those same | products from any other country. R ‘The bill for the independence of the Filipinos was supported by some of our naticnal _legislators—notably _Senator King of Utah—because of a bellef in political freedom for all countries and all races. It nevertheless was brought tb victory in the Congress only through pressures coming irom agricultural regions, Republican and Democratic, which desired Filipino in- dependence precisely in order to be able to levy tariff taxes upon Filipino ‘commodities. If the veto of this bill by President Hoover is sustained by the present Congress it will be enacted again in the next Congress and it presumably will be signed by President Rooseveli. its international political aspect it will be a triumph for the principle of the self-determination of peoples. In its international economic aspect it will be one more sundering of the links of intimate trade intercourse between peoples That sundering is in this instance desired and demanded just as much by the Democrats of the Con- gress as by the Republicans. Certainly, then, this bill, in its eco- nomic and in its econcmic ob- Jective, is no promise of any lowering of the international barbed wire wfl?—' similar has to be made upon the plan” bill, Philippine Independence, Farm Relief Bills Point to Democratic Backsliding The “allotment plan” bill takes short staple cotton from the free list and imposes upon it a duty of 5 cents a pound. It takes jute similarly from the free list and imposes upon it sim- ilarly a duty of 5 cents a pound. It then addresses itself to manufactured products of cotton and to manufac- tured products of jute, now dutiable, and imposes upon them a new addi- tional duty of 5 cents a pound. It also, in varying degrees, increases the tar- iff cuties on products of wheat, to- bacco, hogs, milk, rice and peanuts. ‘This is a fairly impressive list. The most striking feature in it is jute. The inclusion of jute is an evidence of the existence among us of a protectionist spirit soaring to the highest conceiv- able limits of protectionist tempera- ture. We grow no jute in this country. The duty is not levied to protect any agricultural jute growers. We have none. The purpose of the duty is not any protection of jute at all. The purpose of the duty is the protec- tion of cotton. The cotton growers wish to substitute cotton for jute in the manufacture of bagging. * X K X In 1930, when the Hawley-Smoot bill was in the Senate, Senator Harris of Georgia introduced an amendment to it providing for a duty on jute and for an increased duty on jute products. He informed the Senate that his mo- tive was to eliminate jute and its prod- ucts from use in the United States. That elimination, he said, “would en- able the cotton farmers to sell their | low-grade cotton for bagging.” Senator Walsh of Montana observed that “the principle is not unlike the proposal to put a duty on bananas so as to induce a greater consumption of apples.” Senator Smoot agreed with Senator Walsh. A roll call was had. Only 11 Senators voted for Senator Harris’ amendment for eliminating jute from American life on behalf of cot- ton. The amendment was thought by even a protectionist Senate to be a sort of parody of protectionism. Now today, immediately after a great | national political campaign in which the victors orated strongly against pro- tectionism, we find a jute duty in an official party bill. And we find it placed at 5 cents a pound, whereas, in 1930, Scnator Harris, at his loftiest protectionist moment, requested only 3. A 5-cent jute duty, translated into ad valorem terms, is a 'duty of approxi- mately 150 per cent. Even Senator Smoot is obliged to gaze at a 150 per cent duty with considerable respect. | His Republican sugar duties are now fully matched by this Democratic duty proposed on behalf of a Democratic solely Southern commodity. Xiex % It is now the turn of the Republicans to be shocked. Representative Snow of Maine rises in the House to ex- press his consternation. Bags made of burlap from jute are used for po- tatoes. There are potatoes in Maine. “Bags of jute,” says Mr. Snow, “weigh from 1 to 2 pounds. If a 5-cent tariff rate is placed upon jute, you will in- crease the price of a ‘scratch grain poultry bag 5 cents. You will increase the price of an onion bag 5 cents. You will increase the price of a potato bag 8 cents.” Democratic doctrine—against tariff- raised prices—from Republican Snow of Maine! Republican doctrine—in favor of tariff-raised prices—from Democratic Jones of Texas in his jute duty in his “allotment plan” bill! .Such demonstrations of Democratic tendencies incline Washington to sur- mise that possibly the rule for the predicting of party performances by putting the party promises into re- verse may again in some degree be operating. This will not move Wash- ington to reproach the Democratic party. It will move Washington only to Temark that the Democratic party, like the Republican party, behaves like a party. (Copyright, 1933.) r—— Depositors Getting More Cash From Closed Banks BY HARDEN COLFAX. Treasury experts, with a flair for figures, have succeeded in proving that pecple are getting more of their money | back from national banks that close these days than used to be the case. On the other hand, it has taken longer in the last few years to get the money, due to the hard times, which have made liquidation of closed bank assets much mare difficult. The dry statistics, according to F. G. Awalt, acting controller of the cur- rency, tell a story of how through the years the Federal authorities have slowly progressed in their efforts to salvage as much as is from possible In | the wreckage of banking houses. Like- wise, he said today, a year by year examination of figures on closed na- tional banks since the first one falled in 1865 affords something of a picture of economic conditions. Final liquidation reports of banks whose affairs were wound up in 1932 which necessarily means that the banks suspended several years before the stock market debacle of 1929-—show claimants have been those | Capital Sidelights i BY WILL P. KENNEDY. « A beautiful concept and tion of Liberty. was presented to House during consideration df the Phil- ippine independence bill by Camilo Osias, resident commissioner from the Philippine Islends. He was quoting the Filipino martyr, Jose Rizal, who in 1890 penned these lines: “Some have sacrificed their youth, their pleasures; others have dedicated to her the splendors of their genius; still others shed their bloed; all died leaving as legacy to their country an | immense fortune—Liberty and Glory: “Liberty s not unrestrained freedos liberty is freedom to do right. “Liberty is not indulgence in every desire; liberty is selective choice. “Liberty does not waliow in the mire: liberty walks the high path of the noble, “Liberty is never individualistic; lib- erty is corporate. “Liberty was not born in the jungle; liberty had birth where truth and priv- ilege had severest contest. “The right of ‘Life, Liberty and the | Pursuit of Happiness' is not a braggart's boast, but a freeman’s passion. “Nations have had their birth in lib- ;rty as brave men died to make them ree. “Liberty 1is the patriot's halo, the martyr's crown.” . o Discussing the balancing of the budget as “the main issue before the country, the House and the people,” Representative Hamilton Pish, Republican, of New York, contributed the following—which he called “poetry”: ‘Who km:g the u:"lg tax? “L” saild Pranl D. Roosevelt, “Because of the horror I !elt.ve I killed the sales tax.” Vgho :‘s‘w it die? “1" said Garner, “at our littl Along with Rainey, " arle, We saw it die.” Who caught the blood? “We,” said Joe Byrns and John Mc- Duffie, “With political expediency, tried and trusty, We caught its blood.” said Bob Doughton, “Out of Carolina cotton, And I made its shroud.” Who shall dig its grave? “We,” sald the Democrats, “We know what we are at, We shall dig its grave.” Who'll be the parson? “L” said Sam Rayburn, “If it gives me heartburn, And I'll be the parson.” Who'll carry it to the grave? said Bill Bankhead, “If it sends me to bed, T'll carry it to its grave.” Who'll be chief mourner? “I” sald Crisp of Georgla, “I still love my pandora, And I'll be chief mourner.” Who'll sing & psalm? “L" saild John Rankin, “With a veteran contraption, And I'll sing a psalm.” Who'll be the clerk? “L"” said Robert A. Green, “To avold being seen, And I'll be the clerk.” ‘Who'll make the point of order? “1,"” said Tom Blanton, “To avoid further confusion, T'll make the point of order (That the sales tax is dead).” And who'll toll the beli? And so, sales tax, farewell. From far and near, all the Democrats Fell a-sighing and a-sobbin; ‘When they heard the bell to?mu For poor cock robin, the sales tax. * k% X The biggest printing establishment in the world, operated by Uncle Sam— the Government Printing Office—estab- lished a new record last year for the amount of type set. The record has stood for 12 years. George Carter, the public printer, in discussing this new record, says: “With the setting of 2,790,245,000 ems of type during the flsca(l)&ur 1932, the Government Print- ing ice established a new production record for itself, exceeding by 96,018,100 ems the former record-breaking amount of type set in the fiscal year 1920 and topping the 1931 output by 282,431,~ 600 ems. “The amount of type set by the Gov- ernment Printing Office in 1932 with its equipment of 406 t; ting and casting machines would 78,550 pages of an 8-column newspaper in 7-point type, or 745,000 pages of books 53 by 8 inches set in 8-point type. If set in 9-point type, the year’s output of type would print a library of 612 encyclo- ped}i;a volumes containing 1,000 pages each. “The increased amount of type set in the fiscal year 1932 was required largely for printing the voluminous re- ports of the United States census of 1930, the increase in patent specifica- tlons and the unusual number and size of the daily issues of the Congressional Record.” E R Representative William P. Connery, jr., of Lynn, Mass., a former soldier and vaudeville artist, stood up in the House recently and declared that while he has been one of the most active workers for the passage of the beer bill, he him- self is a total abstainer. He explained that on his fourteenth birthday anni- versary—the earliest age at which he was eligible—he joined the Father Mat- thew Total Abstinence Society in his native city and took the pledge to ab- stain from intoxicating liquors of any kind. His comrades in the House ap- plauded vigorously when Representative Connery added, “I am pleased to sa; that I have never violated this pledge.” 1930 and 1931, the other two depres- sion_years. Mr. Awalt's staff went back and av- eraged the dividend yments since 1865. They found that it barely reached 67 per cent of the claims for the country at large. In getting the higher percentage of dividend repayments to the claimants of the last few years, however, na- tional bank receivers required an aver- age of five years and six months to accomplish their job. So that, as stated above, banks closed finally by the receivers in 1932 were suspended in 1928 or earlier in the average case. The average for the 10-year period from 1921 to 1931, however, or ape riod roughly that excluded all u- ence of the stock market orgy of 1928 and 1929 and the commodity price de- cline subsequently, was four years and seven months, and it required less time than that for winding up affairs of the closed banks if the average be calcu- lated on all of the 2,166 national banks that have closed since 1865. * K X Mr. Awalt looks for some shortening of the liquidation perlod to occur in 1933 and 1934, and later also if the Reconstruction ' Finance Corporation has its lif> extended, or if Congress the Glass bill with its provi- slon for & bank liquidating corporation to be operated by the ral Govern- ment. Since the Reconstruction assets, the tendency i5 to wind up the affairs of a closed bank in shorter time. These loans enable payment of dividends and permit the settlement of affalrs without the handicap of forced ) to provide depositors and other claimants with the bulk of the proceeds American | Bookworms, especially thcse with an tiquarian an! new riches have accrued to the Library | of Congress during the last year in the form of a variety of books, manuscripts, | prints and other material, much of | which is unique in character. From science and technical subjects, the scope of the new accessions extends to romance and religion. The Library sels flgm Las enjoyed a more profitable twelvemonth. In the realm of romance Americans will find chief interest, doubtess, in the acquisition of a copy of Samuel Kirkham's English Grammar, a thumbed little volume, and the very copy which Abraham Lincoln, at 22 years of age, presented heart, Ann Rutledge. This remark- ably interesting volume was tumed over to the Library by Miss Jane Hamand of Schaller, Iowa, she having | induced William Rutledge of Milton, Mont., a son of Robert, brother of Ann, to_part with it. In 1831 wuincoln was working as a clerk in Denton Offutt’s general store at New Salem, Ill. and there became acquainted with Ann Rutledge, daugh- ter of the village innkeeper. The fu- ture Emancipator still was in the days of firelight study. He had heard where a copy of Kirkham's Grammar could be obtained and walked 12 miles to get it. After h? had mastered the work, he gave it to Ann, who was mldylnw! preparatory to entering the girls’ - emy at Jacksonville. The value of the book is enhanced by the circumstance that on the title page appears the line written in Lincoln’s hand: “Ann M. Rutledge is now learning grammar.” Discovery of the work is due to in- | defatigable efforts of Miss Hamand in Collier and Mobley, | tracing the Rutledge family to Iowa and finally discovering the possessor of the grammar in Montana. The Li- brary of Congress prizes the accession 50 highly that it has been placed in the same case which cofitains Lincoln's Bible, wherein entered the records of his marriage and.the birth of his children. Although the new Folger Library, de- voted exclusively toll"sh.kupeure, stands across the street from the Li- brary of Congress the latter does not intend to suspend its own collection of Shakespeareana nor reject accessions. During the year. it has received from Dr. Mary G. McEwen of Evanston, IIl, the collection of Shakespeare material collected by her husband, the late Dr, Ernest Lewis McEwen. When Dino Grandi, Italian minister ted Wi confer with gl (urel{;ll affairs, lelw uring the past year President Hoover, he took occasion to as a nionumental work, published by the municipality of Genoa, containing proofs that Christopher Columbus was actually a native of that Italian port. There are about as many other cities claiming Columbus as claimed Homer. A fascinating collection of early Eng- almanacs lish and an ‘was_re- ceived from D. Everett Waid of New antedate York City. manacs American editions run from pre-Revo- lutionary dates up to 1850. Illustra- tions included are by such notable fig- ures as George Cruikshank, Greenaway and Thomas Nast. Of spe- cial interest is a hornuxaic forecast that “in 1913 or 1914” cast of mind, will find that | that il Emperor’s star would be brooding fortune was in store for h‘M the collection ted o the year of George W. Tborn of In the late nineteenth 3 . Dearborn was regarded as of the foremost checker players in the world. read the commumication, but Herr Krebbs translated imme- diately. Valuable Letters and Papers. ‘The American people have heard many tales of the famous Winter Palace of the Czars of Russia at old St. Peters- of that epochal career. New data concerning Mary Ball, mother of Wi Joseph EE?HE afs present tp the Library what is described | W Controversy on Race Betting Stirs England BY A. G..GARDINER. LONDON, January 14—Publication this week of the interim report of & royal commission om the alisator has roused a flerce controversy and divided the country into two hostile camps, The report follows on the recent de- cision of a high court that the use of the totalisator, while legal on horse , is illegal at dog race meetings and elsewhere. The commis- sion’s recommendations, advocating the abolition of the totalisator everywhere except at horse race , are the result of a prolonged inquiry on a sub- ject which profoundly agitates the pub- lic mind. Gambling in recent has as- sumed vast and un the disturbed condition of the post- war world, but its main causes are two. Pirst, the Irish sweepstakes have swept the country like a plague and all ef- forts of the police and the government have failed to secure observance of the Jaw. Like the prohibition law in America, the lottery law here is so completely repudiated by the vast body of public opinion that it is practically obsolete. . * % ‘The second cause of the increase in betting is the development of dog rac- ing. This is much more serious, for thrice yearly, dog r: the daily preoccupation of millions. There is no to the conquest that this medium of gambling has made of the country. Greyhound racing tracks have the land by d_every night of the week vast crowds assem- ble in every large town to witness the sport. The competition of the new amusement even threatens foot ball with bankruptcy, owing to the diver- sion of the wuc to the tracks, The popularity of dog racing was greatly enhanced by the adoption of the totalisator machine, which the govern- ment legalized five years ago, having in mind only the regulation of betting at horse race meetings, which were hith- erto in the hands of bookmakers. The idea was not to increase the facilities for betting, but to limit them to the racle course and bring them under con- trol. The effect was startlingly different from the intention. Equipped with the totalisator, greyhound racing submerged the country with a frenzy of betting. The situation was aggravated by the new device. During recent months to- talisator clubs have sprung up by the scores and hundreds and gambling has organized as a vast industry. On payment of a trivial sum, any one is enrolled as a member of a club which, while providing drink and recreation facilities, is primarily & gambling club where multitudes of men and women assemble. * k x ¥ Faced with the unforeseen develop- ment of the totalisator, the government was compelled to take action and the royal commission was the result. In the meantime the decision of the high court that the totalisator was illegal on greyhound tracks created a panic among the promoters of these enter- prises, who claim their millions were invested under sanction of the law and are entitled to protection. The com- mission’s emphatic verdict now com- pels the government to take action. Parliament already has on the anvil a bill to prevent the indiscriminate establishment of greyhound tracks. At present any urban district is liable to have a track dumped in its midst without regard to the requirements or wishes of the neighborhood. The bill sutharities be em- Fi- | total to_which they are entitled. totalisator has given a vast stimulus to the betting :uvu::r‘i‘covmdnmm-mmu! v&nné: the fotalisator is abolished or not, drastic reforms are inevitable— the e ‘toralisnsor and e, soies out control of tracks. (Copggight. 1933.) while the Irish sweepstakes occur only become | he at the residence of Col. Garrick Mal- lery on Saturday evening was an ex- ceedingly brilliant occasion. The mem- to | bers and oughly in accord and between I exercises, vocal and tal mu- gfi “m deuuhtfil”fiy and all urs away. The formal features of the et by Mrs. Long, illustrating the influence as well as the poeti of Milton, and one by Mr, nan, reciting scenes and adventures the Cau Mountains, and it is rare, indeed, that an assemblage placed before it a more instructive and entertaining treat thah was furnished in these two contributions. Arthur 50 years ago to- morrow, is the subject : of the fo D‘fl“’"" in The Star of January “Now that the civil service bill has both Houses of Congress and is certain to receive the approval of President, candid opinions are being expressed about it. The bill is getting more kicks than compliments now, particularly from the Democrats. The truth is t there was a good deal of insincerity in the support and m sage of the bill, and it parties about alike. Democrats sincerely wanted the bill beaten. Since the November elections their hopes of success in 1884 have risen to the high- est degree, and Democratic leaders know that their followers look forward to the offices with an eagerness and a Political 10, hunger borne of over 20 years' sion from the public erib. But was a public sentiment in favor of a civil service hich reform in the wi feared to defy, Democratic Congressmen They knew that the Republicans would, . It was to avoid with this nsibility that crats voted for the bill. It is perhaps safe to say that not & dozen Demo= crats who voted for the measure voted in accordance with their sincere conm= victions or desires. There is not & want his pa come un- hampered in Zhe ‘matter of mluum re- movals from and appointments of- fice. The broad fact that the bill will not help Democrats to office under Republican administration but hinder Democrats from getting under hn Zemocnue lldm!nmuon was enoug] render it objectionable to Democrats, though, as said, many of them took the nauseous dose because they feared to even seem to defy public inion. op“Wlth the Was just as much