Evening Star Newspaper, September 27, 1932, Page 8

A8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D._ C. TUESDAY. .. .September 27, 108! THEODORE W. NOYES... . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th _8t. and Pennsylvania Ave. e: 110 East 4 ce’ Lake B Mi ropean Office: 14 Regent Englang t. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine St i sy i PO month e Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays)... .......60c per month The Evening and Sunday Star h und Collection ma ders may be [Ational 5000. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance Maryland and Vir, .65¢ per month Sc ver copy e ‘Wt thie end of each monti, sent in by mail or telephone All Other States and Canada. ity and Sunday...1yr. 31200 1mo- 81,00 aily only .. . g k- unday only $5.00; 1mo. 60c Member of the Associated Press. to the use for E'Dunlknuon[o(:":;‘r.“fs:’f;‘!’fl" credited to it or nol - e od, e o el 2t The President and the People. Yesterday afternoon the President of the United States appeared in public. There was nothing new or extraordinary about that, He has shown himself to the masses on numerous other occa- sions, But those who beheld him yes- terday as he sat on the platform wait- ing to lay the corner stone of the new Post Office Department Building might have been excused if they had failed to | realize that the man they saw was, in- deed, the same man who, with his heart filled with hopes and his mind filled with enthusiasms, rode up Pennsylvania avenue on March 4, 1929, to take the inaugural oath on the steps of the Capitol. He has changed. ‘The face the crowd scanned yester- day was a face saddened with suffering, the face of a human creature desper- ately hurt and pained, the face of a brother tortured intolerably and inter- minably. Men reflect in their eyes the unhappy experiences they have had, and the eyes of the President were deeply sad. Three years in the White House have aged him, killed in his na- ture the childlike eagerness and sensi- tiveness which were his distinguishing characteristics at the time when his name first became a household word. Now he is philosophic and resigned as & racked prisoner might be. He has endured so much that he no longer fears the future. Unremitting toil and | unfaltering devotion to his duty as he visions it make it possible for him to 80 on to the end, bitter or bright as it | may be. Herbert Hoover came to his high office at a moment when a miracle worker was wanted. Of course, it was ridiculous for the people to demand of him achievements beyond the power of any single individual, however gifted. ‘They forgot that the United States L‘i a democracy and that the President’s office is hedged about with imposed re- strictions. They forgot that common responsibility is the Kkeystone upon; which the Republic has been buiit. They forgot that universal economic laws control and govern public policy and administrative procedure. They forgot that the President is powerless to dictate prosperity and progress, that all that he can do is manage as best | he is able the affairs committed inio his hands by the Constitution and byj Congress. The cardboard paradise in which they had lived during the period of expansion collapsed about their | ears. They found the thing in ruins.| In their search for the cause of their| trouble too many of them blindly ig- nored the obvious reason, the obvious | fault In their jerry-bullt palace of | dreams. They would not blame them- | selves. i A man of less conspicuous honor, of less authentic sincerity might have faced the storm with more aplomb. Armed with contempt or even with distrust of | the people, he might have scorned their violence. But Mr. Hoover had the han- | dicap of his faith, He believed in the | masses, loved them and desired to serve them. So it was that they could hurt him. Nowhere else in the world is there such a spectacle as the tortured coun- tenance of the President of the United States. The German Kaiser, the King of England, the President of France, ®ll the sovereigns crowned and un- | crowned of the earth are living wit- nesses to the good manners and toler- ance of mankind. Only in America are Jeaders of the people martyred to their virtues. R His satisfaction in being & magazine editor must, of course, depend on what Alfred E. Smith puts into the pages of the Outlook. The late George Harvey found evident gratification in establish- ing Harvey's Weekly for harsh criticism of the late Woodrow Wilson. What- ever his private enjoyment may have been, it did not advance hix political Pprospects in the slightest. T R Geneva Hears Some Truths. Plain speaking is not common in Qeneva, especially where the efficacy and effectiveness of the League of Na- tions are concerned. Yesterday, when the thirteenth annual Assembly was convened, there was a marked excep- ition to the rule, for candor was en- ;throned in the place usually occupied by alibi. It fell to the lot of the spokesman of almost the newest of nations, the Irish Free State, to fling the unpalatable but unadorned truth in the League’s teeth. Opening the Assembly in his role of president of the Council, President De Valera declared, roundly, that “the League is on trial.” If it continues un- able or unwilling to come to grips with measures to prevent or punish war- makers, whether they be great or small, . and without fear or favor, then, Presi- dent De Valera asserted, the covenant will be turned into a scrap of paper by the powers that invented it as the world's sure shield against war and war-breeding armaments. ‘The unorthodox realism thus intro- @uced into the Assembly proceedings | ‘was not ccnfined to President De Va- lera. It was duplicated and emphasized by M. Nicholas Politis of Greece, jusi 4 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1932, THIS AND THAT is going on in both hemispheres, war |seems to be of a different opinion. among League members, and not mere- | Doubtless he had support in the past ly disputes, conflicts, hostilities and |from Democrats in Towa, who desired to undeclared war, but grim-visaged war|send a man to the Senate who would !and this Fall gives signs of the long- itself, in all its unabashed, gory self. “International organization has been powerless o prevent it,” M. Politis pointed out wita disconcerting frank- ness. “It was put to work immediately, to limit war's duration and effects, but only mediocre results have been obtain- ed.” Apparently the Greek statesman had Manchuria mainly in mind, but the sanguinary events into which sev- eral South American countries have Plunged or are about to leap also come within the scope of M. Politis’ castiga- ticn. bly that “radical measures” are neces- sary in the felds alike of war preven- tion and disarmament if “economic col- lapse” on an even more globe-wide scalt than present conditions is to be averted. Chaining up the dogs of war in South America may prove possible without too “radical measures” at Ge- neva. How the league is to save its face in China, with Japan standing firm for the independence of Manchukuo, will be a far more serious task. The presidents. Japan brought up in the rear of the poll, trailing even Nica- ragua. It was a straw vote indicating what is likely to be Geneva's state of mind when the League grapples finally, if it ever does, with the Japanese ad- venture in Manchuria, : G — Delaying the Rail Wage Issue. The President’s suggestion that further discussion of additional wage cuts for railroad labor be defcrred until the end of the year is addressed, of course, to the carriers. Railrcad labor has already declined to discuss the matter now. And the carriers will doubtless be willing enough to accept the suggestion in the knowledge that there is not much to: iose, and there is the hope, at least, of | something to gain by this delay, Whether that hope will be realized de- pends upcn the economic situation. Secretary Doak's statement points out that “the general economic situation would be much clearer at that time,” the end of the year, and the nego- tiations then could be “based on a better realization of the actual circumstances existing.” Obvicusly, the situaticn will be changsd to some extent, for better or for worse. ‘The original suggestion from the car- riers that the subject of a 20 per cent | wage cut, to be substituted for the wage reduction of 10 per cent voluntarily agreed upon last February by rail labor, be discussed now was made to prepare the ground for the conditions that must be met when the 10 per cent! agreement expires. The 10 per cent! wage cut was agreed upon at a time | when the ability of the carriers to meet their fixed charges was uncertain. | The Interstate Commerce Commission | had denied a petition from the car- riers for a horizontal rate increase, which, it was estimated, might produce | $400.000.000 additional revenue. The wage cut saved the carriers about $215,000,000, and an emergency in-| crease on certain commodities, allowed | as an alternative by the Interstate | Commerce Commission, was estimated to yleld in the neighborhood of $115,- 000,000. But the yield from the com- modity rate increase has not come up to expectations. The estimates now! are nearer $60,000,000 than $115,000.- 000. And the increase in rates will be suspended March 31 next unless the ; Interstate Commerce Commission ex- | tends it. Since last February, of course, there have been a few encouraging develop- ments. The creation of the Reconstrud- tion Finance Corporation has provided the railroads with a new source of credit, of which some of them have avalled themselves. Some of the critical emergencies have been met and passed, | anticipated revival of business, the full extent of which cannot now be judged. But while the delay in reconsideration of the wage question mey produce more definite knowledge of the economic situ- ation, it is impossible to escape the be- lief that the railroad wage question will demand renewed attention regardless of what happens by February. The delay, in other words, merely means postpone- ment of the time when the issue is to be faced. How it will be met no one at present knows. Raflroad labor will naturally regard further wage cuts as the last resort. ‘The carriers have intimated, on the other hand, that if discussions are not agreed to voluntarily by labor, they are preparéd to adopt & “definite” policy, and this policy in all probabil- ity means recourse to the machinery established by the Federal Government for rail wage adjustment. That would be intercession, at the carriers’ request, by the Board of Mediation and the be- ginning of a necessarily lorg period of protracted negotlation. P — Fears that Germany will insist on re- arming are widely discussed, with a rather grim inclination, it would ap- pear, to settle any future question of war guilt as far in advance as pos- sible. ——rae————— As a progressive nation it is Japan's privilege, it may be assumed, to attempt to slow down the plans of other nations vhich do not coincide with her own ambitious projects. The Independent Mr. Brookhart. Senator Smith W. Brookhart of Towa, | defeated for the Republican senatorial nominaticn in the party primary, has finally announced that he will run for re-eloction as a (“progressive.” Mr. Brookhart was roundly -beaten in the primary by Henry Field, seed dealer and President De Valera told the assem- |ington. Possibly he is of the opinion Assembly yesterday elected five vice | Iowa Senator hopped off the Republican i1f bulls, bears, elephants and donkeys cause trouble for the regular Republic- ans and the administration. But these Democrats this year have an idea that they might elect a candidate of their own and have deserted Brookhart. Just what the independent Mr. Brook- hart expects to get out of the projected three-cornered race is mnot apparent. He may believe that he can win, al though the disaster which overcame him in the primary, when he ran far behind Henry Fleld, would scarcely encourage him to believe that the farmers of Iowa really care to send him back to Wash- that his candidacy will aid the Demo- crat, Louis J. Murphy, in his race for the Senate, and that Mr. Brookhart will then be in a position to run for the Senate again when Senator Dickinson's term expires. As an independent progressive candi- date for the Senate Mr. Brookhart will be in a position to lambaste the Hoover administration to his heart’s delight, if he so desires, giving ald and comfort to the Roosevelt-Garner ticket. The reservation in 1924, when he supported the late Senator La Follette of Wiscon- sin, the then progressive candidate for President. In retaliation the Republic- ans of Iowa jumped to the Democratic senatorial nominee, Senator Steck, and elected him by a narrow margin. Two vears later Mr. Brookhart ran for the Republican senatorial nomination against the late Senator Cummings, and defeated him and subsequently was again elected Senator. Mr. Brookhart is an ardent dry. Murphy, the Democratic nominee for the Senate, is demanding repeal of the eighteenth amendment, while Henry Fleld has come out for the Republican platform plank on prohibition, calling for submission of an amendment to re- vise the eighteenth amendment. Brookhart's entry into the race may, after all, aid the candidacy of the man who defeated him, Henry Fleld. It is by no means sure that Brookhart will draw all his strength from the Repub- lican ranks. He may take as many or more voters away from Murphy, the Democrat. Indeed, that is what may be expected, according to well informed observers in Iowa. Whatever happens, the entry of Senator Brookhart into the campaign is likely to add to the general excitement around election time. v Inquiries are being made as to whether the goyernor of the Bank of England pays his own way when on & trip to America and also as to any special expense account for Prof. Skin- ner. Budget balancing has its perplex- ities even in the very highest finance. e — Renewed efforts are being made by Al Capone to hasten his release. The | desire for freedom is natural, but events have moved so rapldly that so far as his position in affairs would be concerned he would probably feel less like a con- quering hero than like Rip Van Winkle. - = Charges of undue theatricism have been made against James J. Walker, whose acquaintance with Broadway must enable him to know how hard it is for a local political performer to take an encore after Tammany has set the stage for the next act. ———— Suggestions of “a political market” burden the imagination with unlimited possibilities as to what might happen were turned loose for an unrestricted frolic in Wall Street. The myth lady, Pandors, who was supposed to have opened & box releas- ing all kinds of troubles, may easily be | pictured as being in present debfllei with that estimable modern goddess, | Polyanna. — v SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Passing Light. When nights grow longer and the day | In haste goes shiverin’ by, When skies once mild are bleak an’ gray And winds all sadly sigh, I draw the curtains 'gainst the chill An’ feel the old desire To spend some time jes' sittin® still An’ lookin' at the fire. The sunshine slowly stored within Some fine an’ sturdy tree Leaps out, a prisoned soul, to win A tardy hour of glee. Then only lifeles ashes fill The spot where flames leaped higher And dezzled me, as I sat still Jes' lookin' at the fire. Closeness. “Mr. Dustin Stax says he is a close friend of yours."” “One of the closest ever,” replied Sen- ator Sorghum. “He is so close he won't give up $50 for my campalgn fund.” Reminding' & man that worry will shorten his days merely gives him something new to worry about. Various Pursuits. Ere long our statesmen will obtain A little intermission; And some will lecture once again And some will just go fishin'. Important Distinction. “Now I appeal to you as a farmer,” began the man with a political argu- ment on his mind. “Well, you needn't,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “I ain't no farmer. I've M read all the scientific literature about tillin' the soil an’ I'm two crops in debt fur improved machinery. I'm an expert radio operator, last Spring. Since then he has, at least outwardly, been un- decided as to whether he would enter the race as an indepemdent. Recently he went to Iowa to look over the situ- ation, particularly the farmers’ strike, and is of the opinion that the “rebellion is too sweet for me to keep out.” Mr. Brookhart may find, however, that the rebellion will be largely against himself, once the fight is on. The em- battled farmers of Iowa have had no particular benefit from Mr. Brookhart in his years in the Senate. He has ranted against Wall Street and the railroads. But he has accomplished elected president of the Assembly. For for the first time the League was not regaled on such an occasion with statu- tory platitudes of secretariat origin, narrating in rose-tinted accents the wlories of Geneva's recent achievements. tgmmucxmhmusdhwwa Senator Brookhart, although he pion economiser.” nothing. No measure has been put through Congress to beénefit the farmers —and there have been many—which bears his name. Probably the farmers of Iowa have reached the conclusion that they can do without the services egriculturist.” To Be Determined. “Lady,” said Plodding Pete, “is that dog going to take a bite out of me?” “Can’t you see he has a good disposi- tion?” snapped the woman. “He began to wag his tail as soon as he set eyes “I-know it. But is he wagging his tail because he's friendly or because he's hungary?” Outdone. An eagle saw an airship pass And said, with & discouraged sigh, “My style is out of date. Alas! 1 wish they’d teach me how to fly!” “Mebbe times wouldn’' seem so tryin’,” sald Uncle Eben, “if dey could put some sport into de game of livin’ an’ give a cup or & medal or sumpin’ foh de cham- - BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A speech was moving down the street. And not on sound waves, but on wheels, A very moving' speech, in- deed! = gerous cies of the tm{-’%:-"-;n ot ]-'"li}ndx::n Voice ‘at the beginn| of the block. “This great country, founded by the fathers in liberty and equality—" so it went in the center. “As long as the starry flag waves o'er—" the voice declaimed at the end of the road. 1t was, of course, an automobile radio, the car bodily carrying along, like a fly in a street car, the meshed speech of & man a thousand miles away. As interesting as the & as the feat is. a pedes- trian could not help but wonder if this type of radio does not sum up very neetly one of the inimical tendencies of modern human nature. T6 want to have everything all the time—is that not distinctly modern? ‘The auto radio is its zenith. ‘What one formerly had to go to & definite place to hear, one now carries right along with one! In the old days, not so very long ago, either, if one wanted to hear music or a speech, it was necessary for the in- terested one to go hear them. They did not come to one, and, above all, they did not ride around town with one. This is what is commonly termed scientific advance, but one may question it, in certain moods, just as certain emi- nent gentlemen have put forward the idea that there should be an “in- ventors' holiday.” Invention is to the intellectual credit ol mankind, but possibly unrestricted invention is hurting the amenitie; of living, if any one cares any more ebout | such things, and no doubt many do. e clamor and ballyhoo of new things rend the skies, but even while | the shouting is going on there are many | who question the advisability of the very things which they are applauding. It must have been the same with the peo- ples of certain old European countries, of whom it was said they were vastly fickle, for they yelled quite as loudly for a new government as for an old one. ‘What the critics falled to take into con- | sideration was that all the while, dur- | ing the years of domination by one | political party, semtiment against that party was quietly galning ground. Thou- sands who feared to gay a word in oppo- sition nevertheless thought many, many | words, so that in a new form of govern- | ment they were not welcoming some- | thing utterly new and strange to them, | but something old and vastly welcome. | % % Would the lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the prime feast and enter- | tainment of intellectual men and women of his day. have been quite the same if one could have heard them| while driving around town in the fam- | ily_buggy? | ‘They would not. | ‘They would have been Emerson at long rai Emerson unseen and, with apologies to ancient ears, Emerson un- | heard. { When old Fannie shied at a piece | of paper bluvrin; across the road the| wisest sayings of the Sage of Concord would have gone glimmering into the ether out of which they came. ! No, it was better for those men and | women to have trooped to the town hall, on a cold and bitter night, as they had to do, than to have sat at home, listening in comfort. or even | riding around, listening to him. Because ears have been put on wheels does not necessarily stgnify that they are better ears, or more learned ears, or anything but bigger ears } Their very size, figurativey® speaking, mitigates against their receptive hear- ing talk as well as the old folks heard it. | What commonly is forgotten, in re- gard to some of the modern inventions, even the most intriguing, is that they almost invariably tend to take out the human equation. | Now, the human side of anything, in the first and last analysis, is almost | always the most interesting side. What one does toward & is more than what one does away from it, and we do mot hysical action mean in pl solely, but in mental approach more. When the lecture was the supreme example, next to the drama, and opera, of entertainment, and in America even outshone those anclent art forms, owing to the cult of universal educa. tion and the desire of all to “get ahead,” it was necessary for its ad- herents (they would be called “lec- ture fans” today) to form a definite idea in their minds of going to hear the lecture, After they made up their minds to this the ht ticl rhaps, or boug] ets, ¢ least Saw to it that they had encush money in their pockets to purchase their admittance, and then they actual- ly had to go, in a physical sense, to the scens, * k X x The power of this self-determination, and this going, is evidenced every day in the American year by the crowds which converge on the movies. Depression or no depression, the mo- tion picture houses are filled morning, afternoon and night, furnishing a most interesting demonstration of an old truth, that human beings enjoy noth- ing quite so much as something which they put themselves into, at least to the extent of selecting where to go, and then actually going to it. The future of oratory, then, would be viewed with some alarm if it were not for the excellent work being done in the schools of the Nation in the interest of our spoken speech. The varlous oratory contests, both in the secondary schools and the colleges, |stimulate & desire to think a speech, firet of ell, and then to deliver it, by making the delivery depend upon the thinking, and the thinking upon the delivery. He who listens to a speech over the radio can never get quite the sanfe re- action, we believe, as he who sallies forth to the hall, opera house or meet- ing place and listens to it—with his own ears, we were about to say! But one listens to radio with “one’s own ears,” of course; the ears are the same, but the determining actions were not the same. And it is the determiniog action in human affairs which has the final say- 50 as to whether one gets anything out of books. plays, lectures, speeches, movies, art, ¥ The real need is for putting one's self into the books one reads, the plays one hears, the speeches one listens to, the paintings and buildings which one aspires to like or not to like. Some attempt at critical judgment is necessary, and it may be submitted that when it is “easy come,” as it is over radio, it also may be “easy go. At least that is the danger. We believe that this risk is not so great with music; somehow the neces- sity for attuned attention is not as large. It is possible to listen to music at the same time one reads and still get something from the mnotes, but it is scarcely a feasible action to read and attempt to listen to a speech at one and the same time, as so many do. Even in the automobile proceeding down a quiet street at a slow pace there is little room for undivided attention to the words of an orator spouting away before a microphone. it makes no dif- ference how many thousands of miles away. The distance of the orator makes no | difference, but the speed of the vehicle does, and the attendant duties of motor car_propulsion do. ‘The greatest handicap, after all, does not lie in the lack of comprehension of the thoughts of the speaker (many of their ideas are perhaps not worth in- tellectual straining after), but rather in th» lack of mental and physical going toward the speech. This is a psychological necessity which no amount of invention what- soever can wipe out, or take away, or even change. What mankind does with eves and ears and mind also must be done with hands and feet. It is the law. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands ORNING POST. London—The | famous British Museum bust of Julius Caesar, which has been reproduced in thousands ot school textbooks and works | of learning throughout the world, has | been officially recognized as a forgery. | It has been removed by the museum authorities from a position of honor | in the Roman galleries to a more humble pedestal outside the library, where it bears a label explaining to all and sundry its fall from grace. The expert view is that it is an | eighteenth century forgery, bearing ncne of the marks of genuine classi- cal ‘work, and probably based upon coins such as are avatlable to any sculp- | tor with a taste for classical features. The bust was acquired by the museum | in 1818 from a collector who had brought it from Italy, but of its earlier history nothing is 8t present known. * ¥ ¥ ¥ Speeding Deplored On Scotland’s Roads. Evening Times, Glasgow.—"T do_not regard these speeding offenses lightly. Indeed, I bitterly regret that the motor car was ever invented” remarked | Sheriff Robertson at Glasgow Sheriff Court today when a corporation bus driver was charged with exceeding the tpeed limit for heavy vehicles—30 miles | per hour. In all, 12 bus drivers appeared on charges of speeding. Mr. M. O. R. Brown, depute-fiscal, explained that in view of the many serious and fatal accidents in the city this section of the road traffic act must be rigorously applied. A few seconds longer in a bus journey might mean the saving of a few lives. * X X X Tdeas of Ignorant Flayed by Editor. Patria, San Salvador—So fre- quently, these days. in reading the newspapers and other periodicals—ind tie local press is no exception—we hap- pen_upon articles written with all the ood faith in the world, wherein Sir ;\fllno (Mr. Somebody) or Sr. Menango (Mr. So.-and-So) or Dr. Smith discuss this or that problem of national in- terest, or some or another theory of scientific doctrine which they consider both & peculiarly timely topic, and themselves eminently qualified to eluci- date it. % It is a very good thing, certainly, to consider and discuss questions re- lating to the country. Nothing is be ter than a public debate, once in a while, to bring forth all the different phases of a propogition, in order to inform people who have time to read and to vote, but perhaps neither the inclination nor the opportunity to in- vestigate these matters themselves. By such means the opinion of the public is molded, and the destiny of the coun- try_shaped. But there are frequently people de- siring to discuss matters on the carpet at the moment who really know very little of what they are talking about. uch dissertations may be factors in reaching decisions, but certainly not in reaching proper or beneficial decisions. ‘Thus the co“mr{ is retarded, rather than accelerated in deveropmg a useful understanding of such matters, and in evolving the best methods of vanquish~ ing its difficulties. Therefore, expres- sions which are published should be fundementally sound, and should ema- nate competent lfi‘ intelligent sources. ething moré is needed than sincerity and conviction, and the in- tion to be of service. We have noted occasionally that when a physician outlines a new theory o: treatment for a malady, som shoemaker will rise audaciously to in- sist that the doctor’s idea is all Wrong. ‘When medics discuss shoes and cob- blers discuss medicine we never get much enlightenment on efther subject. Each should confine himself to whai he understangds, for vague and vagrant parleyings on important matters only lead to anarchy and chaos. And such is the situation among us today. every fancy of any philosophy which purports to afford even a momentary relief from prevailing tribulations. Peo- ple no longer pause to examine the merits of the scheme, or the compe- tence of its sponsor, but continually adopt with the utmost alacrity and certitude each successive proposal. And there is never any scarcity of These do not stop to con- sider whether they are endowed with extraordinary or merely normal in- telligence, or whether they really know everything or even anything about the subject on which they are proferring advice. Consider, for instance, the absurdi- ties of some laws and decrees of Con- gress. The Deputies more often than not display a veritable profundity of ignorance in matters which vitally con- cern the interests of the pecple, and, regardless of every good intenticn. dis- | pose of theme in s method producing the exact opposite of the benefits sought.. Tnus we $ee ourselves governed in these days not by the wisest in our body politic, but rather by men of com- paratively feeble intellect whose legis- Iative logic and statutory exploits would furnish us with an inexhaustible series of things to laugh at were we not SO busily engaged in trying to escape the dire Tesults of all their fatuous enact- ments, We will have this type of civic leader just so long as our citizenry is disposed to believe everything it hears, and belleve that every egoist with a propensity for talking is an authority on problems national, industrial or so cial, as his particular theme may sist. Attention should be given, however, only to those men well informed, who can discuss these questions as tech- nicians, as real experts and as stu- dents, unless we are totally indifferent to the future state of our country, which is quite likely to become other- wise even worse than the presentl Cotton Quality. From the Charlotte Observer. The first of & séries of weekly reports by the Department of Agricuiture on the year's cotton crop has to do with qual- ity, and the report issued last Friday makes_interesting disclosure, showing, as it does, an advance by the farmers in growing a better quality. The results of ginnings from eight States indicate a percentage “tenderable” on future con- tracts ranging from 84.7 for Alabama to 99.9 per cent for South Carolina, this showing that the Palmetto crop is almost 100 per cent tenderable, a fact indicating agricultural progress State worthy of remark. It is further found that in four States more than 95 per cent is “tenderable.” The record tops the South. The next best record is made by Texas, with 97.6; Oklahoma coming juct & little ahead of Alabams, the low State, with 88.2 per cent. The North oa:llm grading was not included in the report, but it is likely to develop that the Tar Heel farmers not only grow more cotton to the acre than Texas, but & better grade. ——————— Art and Muscle. From the Los Angeles Times. Mussolini's _efforts toward - !::pmvement of his count The whole world takes up with | in that |, NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM VETERANS. By Roger Bur- 1st_Lieutenant, 308th Ma- chine Gun Battalion, A. E. F, New York: Minton, Balch & Co. “It is easy to be patriotic when the band plays.” . . . “The band played "+ + . “The band played in “The band played in Martial music and the passing of the flag. Columns in step, the rhythm of tramping feet, glint of slanting rifles. Marching men are out to die for { their country, to m: the supreme sac- rifice for it, should call come, Going ott to protect their 1and and thelr peo- le. A stupendous and lift I sigh of - Which' the country itsclf and he 3 With acciamations of gratitude lomage. These the visible signs of a Nation's essential power and honor. Oh, it is easy to be patriotic when the hlndufllyl. Easy for soldier and citizen alike. But a single question stirs them both. To bring the beloved country through, at any rd, to its own victory over the enemy. Reward? ‘Who names reward in this glorious mo- ment when God's best gift to life is ma youth, full powers, an nt heart, all to be spent, gladly, for the women and children, for the old men and the sick, left behind on the dear land to be heroically safe- guarded against danger? Reward? An obstrusive, untimely word. " "l"kende band stops playing. The war is nded. Patriotism takes on the dull garments of peacetime. In effect, this book is an examination of patriotism under the conditions of peace that, in the United States, have Tollowed the wars of 1861, 1898, 1917, An outlook, to be sure, a shade dull when set up beside that engendered by the conauct of war itself. Gone the dark feirs and lightning flashes of hope, gone the tension and suspense, the ad- venture and excitement, the tragedy and horror of war in action. Yet peace is, by all odds, paramount in both ex- tent of time and importance. It, too, must send in its accountings under sober methods of business, as well as TreE b:fil;fl rle};a ‘more edxclnnl Tec- rns and cam, su:n]mrlu. Lo ittle book, less than 100 pages 1 Everybody's _direct coneern?ucn?;:-. and soldier, business man and man of leisure. ~ For in essence it is a book directed upon times of peace. Its au- thor, & soldler, a writer, a university fellow. Equipped, therefore, to handle accuracy, intelligence, restraint. As matter of research this study deals with the rewards of war as these are exemplified in this country by the wars of 1861, 1898, 1917. It is basi- cally a survey of soldiers' pensions as these came into being by action of the Congress of the United States. This system of pensions, founded in a sense a recognition of fair dues still unmet. | tio: | people 1t is now more than a dozen years since this country has been disturbed by war. A peacetime in which the complexion and fiber of peacetime patriotism has been able to make head- | way, or not, in tne less dramatic events of ordinary life. Running a nation along business lines, looking after the thousand and one unenlivening pro- cedures that keep a country washed and fed and doctored and sunned and aired. A prosy occupation, in the main, jwith few spots for the exercise of pa- triotism; such patriotism as the public is used to. No bands play. No men march. No? And yet, the country itself, alonj with all the world besides, is plslng' through a crises such as no other time, within record. has produced. A crisis calling out the troops of good judg- ment, of sound stability, of falr dealing, of genuine love of country, patriotism, in its keen understandings and ready sympathies. The are being called. And this study expands from its re- view of soldier pensions and the atti- tude of Congress toward its fighting benefactors, expands /to test all vet- erans. the writer himself among them, in regard to their peacetime patriotism And these veterans, under roll-call in this succinet summary, include citi- zens as well as soldlers. of fact, the majority of us at this Jjuncture belong. indubitably, with the “Peace Veterans” summoned by Roger Burlingame. Yet we are not so included by the author. We push in by virtue of our own sense of guilt, He, Mr. Builin- game. holds himself to a study of the \e:snm of his own craft. His book ends: “There is no band in 1932. Our Na- tion is in distress. We, the veterans, must help to relieve it. We are not separate from the body of the public. We are still, all of us, one people in a community of suffering. ’FI:: burden must be evenly shared. We, the vet- erans, and we, the people. ... No bands are playing now.” A basic trait in human nature and Ignorance of certain facts account, no doubt, for the errancy with which this author accuses his tribe of veterans, war veterans and pensioners. I is of a certainty that service rendered grows, with time, somewhat out of proportion with succeeding times. Other big events crowd. Other momentous crises make their way. But the old servitor remem- bers. Remembers, t00, with the vividness of his actual performance. Remembers the public homage given to his deeds. And so the old soldier of today is re- membering, avidly. his own body thrown in between the enemy and $h 0, M by S e I a general theory that the United States is a magician in_money, a Midas turning all that he touches into gold. That the United States Treasury is an inexhaustible erypt for the stor- age of golden treasure. When some un- picturesque and pallid_informer speaks of taxes upon the people as sole main source of this Plutonian grab bag, why, away with the fellow! An ignoramus or a deceiver! To these two somewhat mnatural sources of error are added nowadays an appalling array of what this atthor and the press call “rackets.” The racket of the medical profession in its assault upon the future advantages of the vet- cran. The pension racket, built up around the widows and orphans of heroes of one and another of our wars, “The officer racket” and that most alarming growth, the “casualties of peace.” ~ Individuals, professions, even political parties and industrial or- ganizations, have not neglected to in- struct the veteran in the “dues” com- ing to him by way of a full Treas- ury, under assault of one or another of these highly disinterested agencies. ‘The book is fitted with tables, dia- erams, comparative graphs to show the alarming growth of rewards of peace, coming by way of veteran war service, under which the country, any country, would finally succumb. Especially, end here is tke main point, a time of na- tional distress is no time for the vet- eran to zeé ou:h of G:ep. Com| authentie, fearless, this is a book of usetul fact to every one who is deeply interested in this amazing ques- tion of the war veteran, in the equally portan| 11 the ! growth in power, through it, of the veterans’ lons.” “The book is primarily about benefits to veterans (or their ndents) as ition for Ted dis- al , too, is this :mi study of a most momentous ques- peace- Most significant, in the entire subject of war com- w. ‘The book is by a veteran, to veterans, “in the hope that, by sdmitt our mistakes and by tak- the in the movement to right we may stem the tide of right- but undiscriminating; anger agains hearing unexpected fruit. mntmmmmmtbwg director. beating up his marching hosts, | ext facts pertaining to his theme with|C. of justice, in an act of patriotism, in| As matter | | itself in need of help. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘What do you need to know? Is there some scoal life t,at w.r:u:n you? Is re delay? Bubmit your question to Prederic J. n, Director of our Washington . He is employed to our inquiry to The lormation _ Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D. C., and inclose 3 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Q. How many_secretaries has Presl- dent Hoover? What salary does each receive?—H. H. ol A. He has three secretaries—Law- rence Richey, Walter H. Newton and Theodore G. Joslin. The compensation 1is listed at $10,000 each. Q. Is it true that & Chinese dentist ts teeth with his fingers, without the aid of forceps?—L. J. B. A. Until recently Chinese dentists were trained to extract any tooth from a patient’s mouth without using instru- ments and solely by the strength in their fingers, and were so trained for this by repeated extraction of wooden pegs driven into a board. The muscles of their hands and fingers were so de- veloped that this was possible. Q. How many saloons were there in the United States before prohibition went into effect?—S. E. A. There were 177,790 saloons, 1,090 breweries and 236 distilleries. Q. How many Negroes have attended West Point?—W. L. A. A. Three Negroes have been gradu- ated and 10 others have attended the Academy for a period, but have not completed the course. Q. Who pays for cargo which is jet- tisoned?—M. B. T. A. All Joss which arises from extra- ordinary sacrifices made for the preser- vation of a ship, such as throwing over- board part of the cargo or cutting away masts or sails, is borne proportionately by all who are interested. Q. Was there an Indian lecturer called Bright Eyes?—B. 8. A. Busette La Flesche was an Omah: Indian_ writer and lecturer, who began her public work under the name Bright Eyes. She used her influence particu- larly to prevent the removal of entire tribes to other lands. Q. How long was the front in the World War?—F. B. T. A. The total front consisted of ap- proximately 400 miles. QA vcvmt kind of lace is babbinet?— ‘A1t 18 & lace with & hexagonal eye- let, manufactured by machinery, in imitation of the lace made on a piliow. . Who first used the word “It" to mean feminine charm?—M. P. A. While Elinor Glyn is credited with the creation of the slang term, Rudyard Kipling had used it in the same sense in 1904 in a story called “Mrs. Bathnost.” Q. How long wa: Ironsides in ac- tve service?—M. N. A. The ship saw eighty years of active service. The frigate was engaged in three wars—the War of 1812, the Mexi- can War and the Civil War. Q. How much wire is used in making a window screen?—N. M. A.In a full-sized screen there is about a mile of wire. Q. How long a race is the automobile classic in Indianapolis on Memorial day?—V. L. A. A. It is a five-hundred-mile race. Q. Why aren't the time zones bound- ¢d by stralght lines north and south?— "A. The boundaries depart from the point about your business or per- | ard halt-way ions between the stand- to suit the convenience of railroads or to meet the demands of t | the communities affected. The Inter- state Commerce Cq ission hi - diction n this matier, Q. How many kinds of ~c- ables are this c used for food in ountry?—C, B, A. Most families use but twelve or ol RO | ftty varieties. pon B QA What does a praying mantis eat?— A. A mantis is any of the cursorial m_pmurm insects of the genus and allied genera constituting the family mantigae. It is remarkable ue form and for holding its stout anterior 1:,}‘ in a manner sug- Mm“m ¢nl;|;mu ‘:;l:m in prayer. It preys er ang = ; d Is perfectly Q. How deep is the water as it goes over Niagara Falls?—H. R. W. A. The depth of the water on the crest of the American Fall at Niagara measures from one and one-half feet to four feet under usuar conditions. The depth of the water of the Horse- shoe Fall is not definitely known, al- though various attempts have been made to compute it, Q. Where is the exact geographical center of the United States’—F. ? B. A. The eastern part of Smith County, Kans., latitude 39 degrees 50 minutes, longitude 98 degrees 35 minutes, is the geographical center of the United States. | _ Q. Please name some of the old hand- wrought hinges —S. 8. A. Perhaps the best known are the ‘f! hinges and HL hinges, often called | “Holy Lord hinges." Others are the | butterfly strap and ram's horn hinges. Q. Is there a religious denomination | which does not use any hymns in its religious services?—W. B. C. A. One of the distinguishing features [ of ‘the religious worship. of She Asse. clated Reformed Presbyterian Church | is that praise 1s by means exclusively of i metrical versions of the Psalms. | @ whnat was the goiota dottarr— A A B A. It was an experimental pattern— |In fact, there were two, one struck in 11878 and one in 1880. The propor- | tional amalgam of the first goloid dol- |lar was 161-10 grains of silver, 19-10 | grains of copper to 1 grain of gold. | The second golold dollar had propor- | tionately 24 grains of silver to 1 of gold. The plan never had the sanction of Congress, nor was it ever reported to that body. Q. How was the mythological faun pposed to look?—W. E. A A faun was one of the lesser | deities of the woodland and was rep- | resented in human form, but with | pointed ears, small horns and tail and sometimes with the hind legs of a goat. Q. Are the Virgin Islands very hot?>—J. H. annual temperature range | su | A. The is from 74 to 87 degrees Fahrenheit The relative humidity is usually below | 60 per cent, falling consideral below ! this at noon. Reinfall is usually about three inches a month. Q. How many calories does an adult need each day”’—B. F. | A. As a rule it is appropriate to assume that sn American man or | woman who leads a quiet life at he I'with little exercise, rcquires | 2.500 calories. If cngaged in occupation 3.000 calories are I A moderate amount cf exercise laborer doing light work. needs 3,500 calories. For hard work calories cr more are necessary or a abcut 4070 New Measure in Manchuria Arouses Criticism of Tokio The aggressive attitude of Japan to- ward China's province of Manchuria, which began a year ago this month, has now culminated in Japanese domina- tion of Manchuria. Although the lat- ter has been recognized by Tokio as an independent state and a military alli- ance made with it, the press here holds that there has been a real and unwar- ranted seizure in Chinese territory. “Lest any one should misunderstand the nature of the treaty between Japan and the puppet state Japan has set up on the ruins of Manchuria. the official interpretation anncunces that the pact piovides for a ‘defensive alliance’ be- tween the two governments,” says the San Francisco Chronicle, which pro- ceeds to comment: “There is something beautifully naive in this new defensive ailiance betw2en hard-pressed Japan and the vigorous young state of Man- chukuo. It conjures mental pietures of Manchukuo rushing its army and navy to the ald of its ally should Japan find Japan should now feel free to unioad some of its weight of armament. Manchukuo, pledged to a defensive alliance, will not let any naughty jon hurt Japan.” “The act of Japan in setting up a government in Manchuria by force of arms, & government which can be main- talned only with Japanese bayonets, which the Chinese in Manchuria, 30,- 000,000 strong. have had no part in con- structing, is in direct violation not only of the League of Nations covenant and the nine-power treaty, but of the Kel- logg pact, under whose terms signatory | nations renounced war as an instrument of nationnl policy.” vigorously contends the Lexington Leader. Under the cir- cumstances, this paper sees nothing for Japan to do consistently but ‘“resign from the League of Nations, repudiate the Kellogg pact and the nine-power treaty and resume her role as & strictly Asiatic power, beyond the pale of West- ern civilization.” As the Houston Chron- icle puts the matter, “Japan defies the nations of the world and asks them what they are going to do about it.” EEIE “What will the signers of the nine- power pact do?” asl (W. Va.) Daily Mail, rating this ques- tion as ‘one “of deep interest to Amer- feans in view of the fact that t United States is one of the signers, and concluding that ‘“elther .an ad- justment, meeting the ends of justice, will have to take place or the cause of peace as represented in interna- tional treaties will suffer a_serious | blow.” The Providence Journal states: | “The obvious fact is that Japan has defied the opinion of the rest of the! world, taken a firmer grip on the | Asiatic mainland, proclaimed her man- ifest destiny in deeds rather than | words—in short, has commenced & new era of imperialism in an enormous strategic possibilities. tinuing, this paper pictures the island empire as having “turned her back on all hampering international en - ments, resorted to convenient eu - “duy vafi-m'ht-out continental As to the attitude of the United States, which was known in advance by Japan and the rest of the world, the San Jose Merecury Herald points out that Presi- dent Hoover saw that the int>-rity of the Kellogg pact had to be vi:dicated, and he made Japan's action an occa- sion to publish to the world the view that no property right could be ac- red by force in violation of it. The ague of Nations pmpuinuupud this view as the legal interpreta- tion of the t. Later, the Latin American nations accepted it.” Thus on the crystallized “world opinion proposition’ that the Kel- logg pact has introduced & new rule into international law which makes vold any right ecquired by war,” notes this paper. However, the Port Huron b= Cearer 4nd mhors 3o the pobs: b more succinct, dispassionate and gener- ally informing study. the Charleston | Times Herald brings out the point that. even though tke pact has been viclated by Japan, we are not “in any way obligated to the use of force in ousting Japan end in giving sovereignty over | the country to some Chinese claimant, which is even now barely able to main- tain an appesrance of authority over @ limited snd distant portion of the once gerat empire.” * x Corditions in China itself are blamed by some papers for the aggressive action of Japan. The San Antonio Express declares: “Liitle hope for China’s uni- fication will appear so long as factional dissensions shall cause continual changes | in, government personnel at Nanking. ! Such shifts enable petty war lords in outlying provinces to maintain virtual independence. and also afford alien in- terests opportunities to profit at China's expense.” The Chicago Dailv News | thinks the League cof Natiors will ek light on the essential question whether | the people of Manchuria desire to be | independent of China. whether they | were permitted by the Japarese military | forces to determine the matter for | themselves and without coercion, and | whether ~ Manchukuo. the pseudo- Sovereign nation, would be permitted by Japan to give up its independence and reaffirm its allegiance to China.” The comment of the Rochester Times-Union is to the effect that “a cvnic might say that China has the treaties and Japan the territory. Yet that would not fully depict the situation.” claims this paper, predicting of Manchuria, with its over- whelming Chinese population, that | “not in 10 years, not in 100 years. will it become Japanese.” As to the establish- ment of the independent state of Man- chukuo out of Chinese Manchuria, “the 30,000,060 Chinese in the province had no more to say about the process than did the inhabitants of Monte Carlo or East Newark,” contends the Newark Evening New: | _That Japan “has been excited. wildly | excited, too much out of her mind to be | able to think calmly of what she has been doing or what the consequences are likely to be,” and that, “therefore, it behooves the other nations to deal | with her more carefully than they would | otherwise co.” is the contention of the Youngstown Vindicator. In the opinion of the Appleton Post-Crescent “the Japanese are making the same mistake Germany made before the war.’ e Poor Relief Next Winter. From the Rutland Daily Herald Of 1o less importance than the elec- tion of a President, in fact, of more immediate importance to the average community, is the problem of caring for this Winter's poor and jobless. Back of ‘the ill-advised and unfor- tunate descent of the bonus expedition- ary force on Washington, back of the recent demand for cash payment of the bonus certificates, back of the strange waves of crime and new forms of racketeering lles the indisputable fact that & lot cf men and women are out of work and a lot of poor folks may be cold and hungry this Winter. Honest people out of work some- times turn dishonest. Folks too proud to ask for help “from the town” have al been compelled to do so and more of them | need help before . ‘The bilitles of suffering, and ir resultant attributes of desperate crime are very real. Their incidence should not be contemplated with indifference or contempt. Already there are signs that the problem may be to6 much for routine relief in Vermont towns and cities. In some of them the r Te- lief is already ecrucial; it 1l grow worse with cold weather, In every town with industrial interests unemployment and o gradual dlslnm of savings me created & probl greater than cil;."w“ and State authorities should face this situation before over- whelmed by it, and the present tem- porary inknegum in the political sit- ustion would m time to get to- and talk over, 4