Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1932, Page 8

- A8 THE EVENING STAR __With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. .. .September 20, 10323 " THEODORE W. NOYES....Fditor Newspaper Company Smee wewyork Ofice 110 East amd 8t Chicsgo Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Offce: 14 Regent Bt.. London. nsland. Star Vithin the City. oy Shrrier L e per month and Sun r (when 1"5“«;:;1. iy o month vening and Suns (when 5 Sundays) 65¢ per month The Sunday Star 'S per copy Hon made f ench month %v:‘n:l‘; be sent in by mail or telephone or NAtiopal 5000. Mail—Payable in Advance. e ')z;ry:nnd and Virginia. 1yr.,$10.00; 1 mo. 85c Bn A3 36 1meniee All Other States and Canada. ally ‘nld Sunday...1 ;r., l}g mo.. $1.00 Member of the Associated Press. “The Associated Press is exclusively entitled ‘the ‘use for republication of all news dis- aiches credited to it or not etherwisg cred, Dablished nerein. Al Tights of publication ef special dispatches herein are also reserved. == A Colorless Campaign. Gov. Pranklin D. Roosevelt, the Demo- eratic nominee, is clearly seeking to avoid the pitfalls which menaced the 1late Willlam Jennings Bryan when he sought the presidency. The New York Governor has nothing to say for Gov- ernment railroad ownership and opera- tion, mor does he give any promise of . ver,” S t, what- | free silver,” but he declares that, W = | {Elbe1iat] haisabes, ‘B 14 goud or i ever is done for silver, the currency | must remain “sound.” Even in his address on the farm problem the Gov- ernor has skirted the various plans pro- posed to deal with the surplus crops, the debenture, the equalization fee, domestic allocation and the like, but without de- claring for any of them. Can Gov. Roosevelt win to him the mpoverished farmers of the West and the miners who have been out of work for a long time without serving up to them a more solid diet? Will his ex- pressions of sympathy and stalements of their evil case alone suffice to turn them into Democratic voters? These ' are questions that will be answered | after Gov. Roosevelt has completed his swing through the West and has re- turned to the East, which, apparently, he is sedulously seeking not to offend by any radical utterance during his campaign in the great open spaces. After all, the East must be seriously | considered, for it has the great bulk of the electoral votes. Once again the huge advantage of a Democratic candi- date, starting with the “solid South” back of him, becomes apparent, how- ever, for it is a fact that the South, plus a few of the Northern and Eastern States and the West, can carry the na- tional election. Gov. Roosevelt has not yet mede 2 | gerious blunder in his campaign tour of the West. At least that is the view of the Democratic leaders. If he contin- ues blunderless, they regard his elec- tion as certain. In the meantime they insist that the candidate’s magnetic smile and voice are gathering votes for him wherever he goes. Glittering generalities have not been | associated in the past with the name of Roosevelt. When the late Col. Theo- dore Roosevelt, also of New York and at one time also a Governor of the Empire State, was campaigning the great West took him to her heart. But not because he pussyfooted. The in- definiteness of the present Gov. Roose- velt, his lack of any tangible plans to aid the country and the unemployed in the present depression may, after all come to be measured by the voters in comparison with the very definite pro- grams of President Hoover and mel steps which he has taken tirelessly in the last three years to fight off eco- nomic disaster. After all, there is! such a thing as being too colorless, and Gov. Roosevelt's campaign to date, out- side of attack upon the Republican ad- ministration, has produced nothing new. His whole- plan of campaign, apparently, has been to foster discon- tent and let nature take its course. The voters may be more interested in what may happen in the next four years than they are in what has ‘happened in the last three. B e — Republicans regard Democrats as tniquitous and Democrats denounce Re- publicans. The only candidate who es- capes is Mr. Norman Thomas, and this is probably for the reason that as & practical vote-getter he is not regarded s counting. If there is anything that could stir Al Smith to the point of breaking silence, it would probably be the amount of overelaborated sympathy that is being extended to him. o Civilian Gains. 1In time of peace the average citizen, cogitating upon the costs of national defense, may find it difficult to estimate the immediate benefit to society of the admittedly great expense 0f maintaining the Army and Navy. Perhaps, in the circumstances, it may be worthwhile to direct attention to the civilian gains of & policy of preparedness. A considerable portion of the money spent for the services is really not war expense at all. The Army and Navy are continuously active, and in peace time practically all of their effort is of civilian character in motive and result. Police duty is one example of this type of civillan aid; if the military and naval forces were not available to do the work, some other apecial force would have to be recruited for the pur- pose. [Engineering and construction enterprises, ineluding river and harbor development, reclamation, irrigation and water power projects, likewise have social significance of the highest worth —the Panama Oanal was largely an Army job. Scientific enterprises also, like those of the Naval Observatory and the Hydrographic Office, have im- mediate social value, as does the educstional policy of the services in attempting to improve the cultural and | vocational status of enlisted personnel. The Army and Navy are only occa- sionally engaged in fighting, but they are constantly engaged in protecting and otherwise, assisting the people. Thus the taxpayers’ dollars directly and indirectly come back to them. It is too frequently forgotten that every penny spent in support of service programs goes' to benefit industry and business. Materials and supplies of evergi conceivable variety have to be stitute what is probably the largest consumer of raw products and manu- factured goods ia the country. Every man, weman and child is advantaged by the fact, for the money goes out through hundred channels to every section of the land. Viewed in the light of their practical devotion to public good and with regard to the ultimate distribution cf their cocts, the Army and Navy are anything but parasitic. They justify their exist- ence directly and indirect'y day by day. ‘The United States Military Academy furnishes striking evidence of the civilian significance of at least ane branch of the military establishment. Founded in 1802, the institution up to 1928 had 16,371 students, of which number 8,486 were graduated and became officers. But these men were not exclusively in- terested in military matters. Among the alumni have been one President, one President of the Confederate States, three presidential candidates, two vice presidential candidates, four cabinet members, fifteen Ambassadors, twenty- six members of Congress, nineteen Gov- ernors, ninety members of State Legis- latures, nineteen mayors of cities, fifty- three university presidents, twenty-one Jjudges, twenty-one bank presidents, forty-two editors, thirteen publishers, two hundred and forty-two authors, one hun- dred and twenty-three railroad and cor- poration presidents, five geologists, four- teen inventors, one hundred and seventy- eight professors, three hundred and ten engineers, one bishop, twenty-one clergymen and a host of business men. According to the pacifist theory, a citi- zen trained to arms is good for nothing but saber-rattling. In actual fact, as number of socially useful and helpful things. Undoubtedly, the Naval Acad- emy, at Annapolis, could match the West Point showing on demand. Clear thinking is necessary with re- spect to Army and Navy affairs. The public owes it to the services not to be deceived by propaganda intended to de- stroy either their military or thelr civilian utility. S e South America's Wars. While the patio of the Pan-American Union in Washington echoes in sweet- !est harmony to the melcdies of the music of all the Latin Americas, the Southern Continent becomes from day to day an ever more raucous aggrega- tion of unbrotherly discords. very hour Bolivia and Paraguay are preparing to declare a truce in their conflict over the Gran Chaco their neighbors, Colombia and Peru, have in- itiated preparations looking to the im- minent possibility of war between those two countries. Between revclutions, civil strife and international hostilities, South America appears condemned to chronic and incurable turmoil. Colombia, whose Senate and House last night unanimously approved a $10,- 000,000 naticnal defense bill, is outraged by the seizure by Peruvian elements of Leticia, the port city ceced to Colombia by Peru in a boun- dary treaty. Although the Peruvian government asserts that, as far as it knows, no Peruvian soldiers were in- volved in the seizure, the Colombian Leticia was a formal act of aggression Milling mobs are surging through the and shouting imprecations upon the head of Senor Sanchez Cerro, Dictator- President of Peru, Private citizens, in a fervor of martial emotion, are offer- ing their fortunes to the government for war purposes. Meantime, Colombian troops are on the march to recover Leticia. Bogota dispatches indicate that if they are able to pass the Peruvian fort at Puerto Arturo, on the Putumayo River, without a clash, hope for a peaceful settlement of the seizure incident will be “tre- mendously increased.” A straw indicat- ing that Peru harbors warlike inten- tions is the announcement at Lima that President Sanchez Cerro, in a patriotic gesture, has donated a month’s salary, amounting to $1,680, to purchase armaments. It is barely possible that the Peru- vians, who, like most of their South American neighbors, have been leading a fevered political and economic exist- ence for the past three years, with revo- lutions and counter-revolutions as their regular diet, are deliberately seeking the “diversion” of a war with Colombia. The supporters of the Sanchez Cerro throne, which has wobbled periodically since the destruction of the Leguia dynasty, may see their anly salvation in an appeal to Peruvians’ “national pride.” For some time there have been rumbles that both Peru and Argentina were ! making ready to supplant their existing regimes with a Socialistic form of gev- ernment like that under way in Chile. The Cerroistas may be casting an an- chor to windward in provoking hostili- ties with Colombia. Two Texans met in the streets of Thornton and made the village known to print by shooting at arms’ length and killing each other. Nobody knows what the quarrel was about, except the two men who settled it so eompletely. It seems plain, however, that it could not have been worth a duel by a method which virtually ameunted to an im- promptu suicide pact. That satire on dueling, Sheridan's “The Rivals,” still needs to be brought to publie attention with frequency. — st Dr. Butler's Liquor Plan. While Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler's “Plan for State Liguor Traffic Contrel” might be cansidered as premature, in that the battle over repeal er modifiea- fion of the eighteenth amendment is yet to be fought to 8 conclusicn in Cen- gress and the States, his proposal is interesting in its positive assumptien that “the element of private er cor- porate prefit through traffic in liquar should be wholly excluded from the moment that liquor comes inte possession of the State Liquor Traffic Autherity.” His State Liquor Traffic Autharity is the name suggested for a State cer- poration, members of whieh would be appointed by the Governor and which would “operate entirely free of partisan political influence” in oentrolling the liquor traffic, along the lines followed by the Prevince of Quebec. There are many wha believe that, in making effective the universally approved desive to “prevent the return ef the saloon,” the real preventive is to elimi- nate the element of private profit in the retail sale of liquor.” One of the recog- nized evils of the saloon was the vicious chain of ¢ influences of which the saloon symbel, In finding At the | people consider that the occupation cf | and are demanding war to avenge it.| streets of Bogota, the Colombian capital, | THE EVE outlets for the sale of liguor, high- pressure salesmanship began with ita| manufacture, and the race for private | galn did not stop at efforts to corrupt any official whose position gave him any semblance of control over where, how and when liquor would be sold. It is interesting, therefore, to nmote that Dr. Butfer, who for many years has been classed as an extreme among the wets, regards as fundamental the | fact noted above, that private profits from the liquor trafic should at the outset be excluded, at least in so far as distribution is concerned. For, if the elghteenth amendment is repealed, or modified, to retain in the Constitu- tion certain Federal powers over the liquor traffic, the fact is to be faced that from that time on the old battle will be on for control of & traffic of which the profits are high. One of the many questions that legislators in every State eventually must answer is whether legalization of traffic in liquor is '.o| mean permission to utilize that trafc for private profit. The answer to that question will not be found in regula- tions, no matter how well drawnp re- garding conditions under which liquor can be retailed and consumed. —— vt ‘Why Pick on the Drivers? The District hack inspector has ar- rested and obtained the conviction in Police Court of three men charged with driving rented cabs in violation of a Public Utilities Commission regulation, which attempts to outlaw the rented cab system. . The drivers pleaded poverty and their five-dollar fines were reduced to two dollars. The conviction is im- portant because it establishes validity, in the lower courts at least, of the Pub- |lic Utilities regulation. But is not the hack inspector, or, for that matter, the Police Department which he represents, going at the en- | forcement of this regulation from the wrong ditection? Why pick on the drivers? The rental cab companies, the owners of the cabs, also vioiated the regulation. They are the ones the Public Utilities Commission is after. The poor drivers are not cnly poverty stricken, but they are exploited by the vicious rent-a-cab system. Instead of being haled into court, they should be | utilized as Government witnesses and | the operators arrested and fined. The hack inspector is a police ser- geant and has only one or two assistants to help him. But the whole police force | could be used to enforce this regulation. {1t would seem that the best weapon in !the hands of the authorities is to deny | hackers' tags to companies guilty of | violating the rental regulations. A “drive” that nets impoverished men trying to earn a living by renting cabs, {but which fails to touch the operators 'exploinng these men at great profit to themselves, is not impressiv = —eao—————— Much political pride of personality ! continues to be exploited in Germany in spite of the fact that the questions uppermost in the minds of the people are, “What shall we eat, how much and when?” SR At the age of 87, Elihu Reot is to ad- dress the Ame:ican people cn behalf n!; the Republican party. The campaign | program clearly contemplates utilizing the energy of youth under the guidance of mature experience. s One reason that the eighteenth amendment is made the subject of so much eloquence is, no doubt, that it is so much easier to understand than the tariff and other problems of interna- tional relationship. EEEENSSPPAON As an evidence of his enduring per- | sonal prestige, interviewers who can- not persuade ex-Mayor Walker to talk g0 on as usual describing the cut of his clothes and the color of his necktie. e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Pointing a Distinction. The man who 'mongst our foemen bold Is leader of the crew; ‘Who has their speeches well controlled, And tells them what to do— Though he will face the fight alone, And let no threat appal him, ‘With indignation in our tone, “A boss,” we freely call him, But one who to our cause is bound, ‘Though he veciferatg, And order us like serfs around To help him rule the state— Although his aspect may seem grim To you, oh, gentle reader, We have another name for him, He is “our peerless leader.” Analysis of Motives. “Don't you think our friend's belief that no one except himself can aa the country denotes great patriotism?” “Not exactly,” replied Senator Sore ghum. “It's rather a case of egoism rushing to the Tescue of pessimism.” Supercilious Youth. “When that young man asked you to merry him,” said Mr. Cumrex, “why didn't you tell him to see me?" “I did,” replied his daughter, de- murely. “He said he had already seen you and that he didn't find your ap- pearance especially objectionable.” Fine Distinctions. Distinctions very fine are spread Before us, day by day, 'Twixt what a statesman really said And what he meant to say. Taking Their Measure. “Do those people Who moved into the flat seress the hall seem to be desir- ahle neighbors?” asked the man. “No,” replied the woman. “I watched everything that came out ef the moving van. They haven't a thing that we weuld eare to berrow.” He Beat the Game. There was a man wha led & life With apprehension vexed. He said: “This year is filled with strife And warse is coming next; And, candidly, I have a fear, Which ‘daily haunts me, that The world will find the following year Is even worse than that!” And so he missed the sunshine bright That gilds the present hour, Until & trolley car in flight O'erwhelmed him with its power. His ante-martem statement seemed A sigh of bliss intense— : “T've missed the perils which I dreamed Might get me 10 years hence.” “De man dat likes to talk about his- se'l” sald Uncle Eben, “generally gits mad when other folks gt ¥ discussin’ "THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. "Why do ou get up so early?” the Yt g, runm 1 as the running toward the PO B You T waess e reatled. l-hvl:; never laid eyes on the little one before, his answer was more gallant than truthful. He might properly have made any of the follcwing answers: “Because I have to go to work,” or “Because the modern economic system demands it,” or “Because my employers desire it, “Because I love to get up early,” or “Because I believe in getting up early,” or “Because the morning is the best time of the day,” or “Because I can do my best work in the morning,” or “Because I went to bed early, and so | naturally get up early,” or ‘Because it is the sensible thing to or ‘Because Benjamin Franklin advo- | or "Because Lord Wellingten said that ‘When you begin to turn over it is time to turn out.’ ” * ook ox There is no time like the early morn- lng for the real enjoyment of life, pro- vided one retires early enough to want to arise early. It is mcstly a mental habit, this early | rising, rather than a physical one, as many suppose. To the heavy sleeper, the man who positively cannot get his eyes open in the morning, the physical aspects seem | paramount, | ‘Who is there who has not experienced the reluctance to get up which is sup- | posed to assail every small boy? | We hLeird recently f a Washing- tonian who hired a young neighbor to to:s pebbles at his window every morn- | ing in the hope that their rattie would induce him to crawl out of bed. | “Johnny, where were you this morn- g?" asked he, as he met the boy on | returning from work: “I thought I/ promised you 10 cents if you would toss | " or | Debbles at my window this morning?” | “I did. an’ you didn’t pay any atten- | slg:! " replied the lad, collecting his 4 | No matter how much fresh air such | a heavy slumberer has, or how many alarm clocks, he will be unwilling to open his eyes in the morning, and espe- clally reluctant to bodily arise and greet the new day. The first step is to open the eyes, as most people know. The chains of slum- ber. as the poets once said, bind them; said chains must be opened by an ef- fort of the will. There is no other key. Once the eyes are open, the difficulty is to keep them open for as much as half a minute at a time. If one is successful in this. they may be closed for a few seconds, then opened again for a minute, and so on until one is able to hold them open com- pletely. * ok * % | The next step in the evolution of getting out of bed gracefully in the early morning is to get from beneath the cover: In cool and cold weather this is par- ticularly difficult, owing to the tempera- | ture, and the real reluctance of a warm | body to expose itself to the air. | It is not always realized that the | body heat actually is depressed about an eighth of a degree, or slightly more, along between the hours of 2 and 6 am ‘Thus one actually is colder then, not so much on the surface of the skin, which is kept warm by the confined heat held in by the covers, but in the very blood stream itself, where life re- | sides, in the last analysis. | The curious thing is that many a per- | son will shiver under inadequate cover- ing rather than begin the arduous task of reaching down to the foot of the | bed to pull up more blankets. hi For a really slight actfon, this is one | of the world’s most disagreeable. | The need for more covering has TRACEWELL. dawned upon & cold body and a con- mind. asked hedge | fused No doubt one awoke because of that need. The magnifying powers of the doze made the sensations more acute, but the confusicn of half-sleep rendered the sleeper unable to do more. He realized that he wanted more blankets, but, for the life of him, was unable to bestir himself. Though the urge to do so was great, the urge to lie still was greater. * ¥ ¥ % What does one call early? Well, between 4 and 6 4.m. may be called early for city and suburban dwelle; Four o'clock would be early enough for many farmers, whereas 5 o'clock 1is extremely early for most city workers, Even men whose employment hflm as early as 7 o'clock (when the whistle blows, on buildings and the like) find 5 o'clock an adequate rising time, The real connoisseur of early rising, however, will want plenty of time for the infinite relish of the morning hours which is his province alone. Just how many of these early morn- ing connoisseurs there are in a great city, with its far-flung suburban areas, it 1s impossible to estimate, not even the evidences of workers on public vehicles being any evidence of them. Many a man who arises comparative- ly early may do so with a ssur face and a real reluctance which forever debars him from the ranks of the con- | o tr, nolsseurs. * Kk % ‘The true early riser gets up, In the final analysis, because he wants to get_up. The duty of being present at each sunrise drags him out of bed. He is the modern equivalent of the ancient sun worshiper. He wants to be there. its beneficent physical and mental action upon humanity is so large that he feels a need of greeting the so-called orb of day. It is his personal tribute to the won- der of the world. . This theoretic comprehension of the debt which mankind owes to the earth’s great brother in space does not obtrude itself upon him every morning, by any means; only at rare intervals is he secretly and silently an open, devout worshiper of the sun. Mostly he is cccupied with the a%hus- ing perplexities of arising— the shoe strings that are found in a knot, and the like. He likes the feel of the morn- ing alr, the appearance of the trees and the garden in the morning light. Bare places in the grass, easily seen from the eminence of a bedroom win- dow, are lost in the shadcws of 5 a.m. What a lawn is there! It stretches like perfect velvet, on which the greal trees cast their shadows of a yet deeper pile. * ok ko Tt will be evident that the early riser | is one who is not content to be forever under the direct orders of the modern | monster, rush. Whatever his situaticn, he finds that by getting up early, and giving himself plenty of time. according to his nature, | he will have plenty of time left to avoid the monster. Hurry cannot hurry him. He will not let it. “Time is his ally, not his enemy. gcts enough of it when he needs it. Time is the only ammunition with which to fight hurry. Give yourself time, young man, and the world is yours. Get up early in the morning, when the sun begins to shine, and the faith which is the substance of things hoped In;hwlll come as a blessing from the The feet which bring tidings of peace arc those of Aurora, goddess of dawn, beautiful as of old. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands E PETIT MARSEILLAIS, Mar-| | gratified, no doubt, to hear that six bulls will be engaged at| Arenes du Prado, just as is done over the Spanish frontier, in the pic- turesque amphitheater of that locality. Admission to well shaded seats, from | where an excelient view of the whole| grtormlnu may be obtained, is 10| ancs. For an even more ridiculous ex- | penditure, places may be secured in the | open air at 6 francs, no doubt equally | desirable, as the weather promises to he‘ fair and moderate. | 8ix superb bulls from the herds of Augustin_ Lescot will be combatted, without horses, by some of the most | noted matadors of Madrid and Barce-| a | ed Estrella and Jose Es) the motor cars and ather vehicles cross- seilles.—Those interested will be | ing the foot of the bridge at Soochow | road. This is no problem for the car, but | it is & serious problem for the ricsha coolie and his passenger. Some car drivers, realizing the predicament of the coolie as he runs down the slope with his riesha almost out of control, pull up and givé the man a chanc>, but | it does not often happen that such is the case. the = center of the bridge might obviate difficulty. * ok ox % School System Held Inadequate in Ceylon. Ceylon Daily News, Colombo.—C. had a network of schools in da she was free. vlon vs when Pansala schools in Sin- His belief in sunshine and | He sees to it that ae | Some sort or traffic signal in | Aeaiy Cwm herde nt | halese districts and “pial” schools in b AYonl from Spain. A seventh bull, decorated with a cockade, will be re- leased in the n‘r;’ after the others have been disposed of, to give the amateur bull fighters a chance to show their skill. The individual retrieving the cockade will be the hero of the occa- sion. * % % % Australian Makes Strange Boquests. Daily Telegraph, Sydney —Strange be- quests and orders were included in the Wwill of Charles Wynford Horneman, a North Coast grasier, who died last Au- gust, leaving' an estate of £4,585. “My coffin is to be roped an the back of the buggy with a sack of chaffl to form a foundation. My coffin is to be made in Warwick (Queensland), and ‘—' 15 to have nething to do with my funeral,” read one passage. omseat B3 Ko e o be taken to the Legume Cemetery and buried beside dear Alan's grave. Ten pounds only are to be spent on a head- stone, with’ 's name and my own on it, the dates else.” of death, and nothing An ash walking stick from a tree broken by shot and shell by & relative of the dead man, who was in the 67th Foot Regiment during the Battle of ‘Waterloo, was left to one son. “To my san, W. B, F. Horneman,” the will continues, “I leave my gold snuff | box, presented to my aunt, Pauline Anne Horneman, by Princess Wil- hemina of Denmark, and it must never on any aceount pass e Horne- man family. “To % son, W. B. F. Horneman, my grandfather's , my father's minia- ture painted in 1834, and my father’s coat of arms, My er's court dress unify his un uniform, papers relating to his ro feats and honour- able serivee in an artillery ent, my family Bnl’hh and a histery apoleon parte. “To my daughter Alice I leave my pietures lnd“.urutod silverware, n}vu en hloodstone d el Eisiecpenre Touse 1 feave ber ‘s my pick and ear cleaner, mad Danish ers of v‘u and z’:‘ my grandfather in 1806. To Eric Horpeman I give £20 Mliufe The residue was left for the of the widow ngd’eb,:w‘m. % hts “"LL North China News, Shanghal.— e s shem o, M g A ing the steepest gradient in Shanghal, Lr sl ER s tue ey sl n': t.s"‘i&“m"'r':ga against hi unfortunate passenger me cape from accident coolie endeavars to Tamil districts were there in every vil- |lage. The Portuguese clased down the | existing schools and started a few | Ohristian schools. The Dutch at the start encouraged education by estab- lishing more schools and gave scholar- 3hips to promising students to complete their studies in the Leyden University. Since the British occupation of Cey- lon education is going on at a snail's pace and much has yet to be done to make the tomorrow's “hundred per cent lectorate” literate. if not to reach the tandard reached by many free coun- | tries, | _ It took over a hundred years for the British government to introduce a sys- | elementary education into Ceylk | inanee No. 5 of 1906 made primary edu- cation compulsory and free in urban areas, and Ordinance No. 8 of 1907 in Tural areas. Since the year 1900 the pace of prog- gress quickened a bit, and the Orinance No. 1 of 1920 made the taxpayer meet the entire cost of primary education and made primary education free and compulsory, Primary education is compulsory in law frem 1907 in Ceylop. Yet one said fact remains. By the end of 1930 aver 400,000 children were | growing to citizenship without any edu- | cation whatever, as against 600,000 who were taught. 'gha “:l:a“b“e lellttih" mts or aldedl | and man y rel lous or educational | odies and private individuals. There | are a good number of unaided schools. ‘The education of a child costs the gov- ernment far more in a state school than in an aided school. Denominational and educational izations and other managers are rendering & great service to the eountry by running schools at considerable sacrifice. “Easy-Mark Lunch Stands. Prom the Indianapdfis News. One State figures thet its citizens ;53‘ h:ltm !:- N;umbilu tslan fr;r A prol overleeked the eat- i“ that moterists do en visits to the old home place. Feoreed Banting. Tram ihe et Bty ew A A New Jersey girl poun e e e A qocent - & 5 be ane of thess sweets the stout girls have to avoid. LR LA hear, wit pes Cruel Stripe. Prom the Tulsa World. ‘The war in Brazil is not exac aniag neasl g v eral I ; tem of partially free and compulsory | . Ord- NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM TEACHING PROCEDURES. liam Carl Ruediger, rto'—m cation and dean of the 8¢l Education, George Wash versity. Boston: ghton, Mifin Co. This the month when school houses open. Take down the ghutters and swing wide the doors in announcement that the greatest business of the United States is about to set out again on its + annual 10 months of enterprise. The most important of American in- stitutions and the most costly is its schools. An investment in individual human futures, & bond for increasing | publie security and for the stability of !a Government founded upon the prin- ciple of equalit All cons and cur- rent are interesting in their growth. Even lights, for instance, from flint spark to preased button. How much ,more arresting a thing so great as the advance of our educational system. Oddly enough, like some s and rebellious weed, it grew from top down, not from the roots up. That seeming violation of the laws of growth Tose from the fact that, while the fore- fathers came freedom denied them in the English e LT and caste deep- their blood. And so, whe: education came to be a matter of interest and purpase, it was education for the gentry, not for the yeoman and below, that stepped first into the open of opportu- nity. It was the university plan, drawn om Cambridge or "Oxford, that gave pattern to our esrliest institution |of learning, Harvard University, almost 1300 years ago. | ., Very slowly the idea of education for all and at public expense, besides, m:de its way. Compulsory at that. Fought step Ly step, God knows why, derided s p«rhnlpa.d’hdy the mo- wWn splen drive and |force. Today, lenchmpz isa Dla!e:ih:n, like medicine. law, economlcs, what not. among the uiilities of common existence. Great among the many difficulties jof the new enterprise was the lack of | any knowledge of teaching. Indeed, | prior to this, the lack of any notion | that teaching had to have a_special |art to support it. In the beginning it | was the occupation that opened doors of opporunity to women. It was a genteel calling, set off against servant { hire and laundry lines. So, barring a | marriage somewhere in the near day, | 8irls took to teaching school. A few | men, too, for other reasons. But, all alike, were untrained, were uncon- scious of the need for training. And 50 the little red school house and many of its lineal descendants resounded with lusty singing and boisterous hand- | clappings, while tne multiplication | table, or soms other useful contribu- tion to knowledge, was passed over, or 50 it was assumed, to be a part of the mental furnishings of the youth of the country. __All that, in the way of handicap, is in the background. For nowadays a prescribed amount of scholarship n:ust be supplemented by a professional handling of the art of hing before school children can be invited into the gardens of joycus and useful adven- ture in learning. And that professional fronting upon the subject of education, public ed: cation, took a long time of perforn ances, malapropos, maladroit, and | 2bout every other conceivable “mal before it emerged to the level of its | present simplicity and sanity. Not | Wholly out of the woods of exveriment, of trial by error yet. But, certainly, as a profession, teaching is growing out of its moet absurd sentimentalities, is step- ping sure-footed toward the relations existing between the earth around them and the school children them- | selves. Quite a long road vet to go. but egucation is now indubitably upon its way. A ease In point: “Teaching Pro- cedures,” the book in hand. I know its title is not particularly alluring Savors of other, and darker days, in the business of teaching. But. the study is not designed for lure. Rather for light, and in this respect it livi fully up to such intent. First, comprehensive. In a brief sense, hi torical, for the use of the teachers to | whom it is specifically addressed. No one, in any adventure, is content with the narrow span of road upon which he is standing. Wants to knowv what went on behind him, what promises | ahead. And here, the short, historical | view is flashed like a moving picture. A truly illuminating view. Not only a covering book, but a well- ardered one besides, adding the advan- tage of ready seizure to that of com- prehensive view. The aims and pur poses of education are set out here | first simply, then engagingly as some- | thing of deep interest as well as a | thing of vital importance. The author s himself interested. He, therefore draws upon his most direct, most simply artful resources to be communicable in zeal as he is in fact. Here go he Toundaboutness of pretentious ps ogy, formerly so much in use as pr element in pedagogy. Here, in es instead, on the one hand a pupil, I the other his particular part of the earth at the moment. for him to act upon. to incorporate with his own mind 1and body by way of certain engros activities toward just that end. ow | the teacher, or in other words. the| method, the “procedure,” is chiefly an agent for clearing the road between these two. pupil and material. This act of clearance done. with know edge, insight, art, the main two in the business can very nearly carry on by themselves. Where they cannot. da| not, that is the teacher’s moment of | self-examination to find where her averture toward the pair has been in- | complete, untimely, uninspired. Now, to be sure, Dr. Ruediger does' not word the matter in this haphazard | way of the layman. Certainly not., What he does do, however, is to make | of that earlier bugaboo of psychology applied to education a simple matter of the ways and means and order by way of which school children at va- Tious stages attack the facts of the world around them. Facts, judged by consensus of sober opinion to be basic in the growth of the human toward an intelligent and wise ceizure of exist- | ence, his own and those in social bond und bim. In a very direct way he lefines the background of learning, its ws and purposes, upon this simple s ‘This is much too big a book. big in spirit and specific instruction for teachers—and who is not a teacher nowadays?—to deal with in any degree of particularity. It seems to me that the best thing to say about it is that it, for everyday purposes and all-time purposes as well, covers the subject of an ‘e; consideration. But that is not all. This domain of literature has heen a dull one tn&uut at least. Read- ers, students of the teaching brand, have taken it up with reluctance. Les- sons to be learned. (Qh, those reluc- |tant. back-dragging lessons to be learned! A terrible indictment, in faet!) But here is a book as engrossing as it is useful. An enthusiasm of a book. A minute back we said everybody is 8 teacher nowadays. What with parent- teacher associations, clubs for instruc- tien in this, that and the other, it comes to be not an ated state- me ce. on range. And here is a book for these teachers, as well as for the r rly talled ones. Literature? All right. ke this book to guide you to its ways of acquiring appreciation. Appreciation, to be taught, in literature, music, art? 8o Dr. Ruedinger says, and talks about ed [ it with certainty, having seen it done, having done iv himself. Picking almost at random, bzcause I have to, here is a that talks sanely and practi- cally about the mind. And w-fimtmfilpflulmbhcf knowledge to come upon. I oW mk. no end of them. who, read- ivorously, this and e of an orderly mind, of books g e to the New World for| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Taki tage of this free service. nyo:-‘r‘a“::-u"{hnmun:nam onized the Bure service, begin now. for your benefit. Be sure to send your name and address with your question, and inclose 3 cents l: d::z:‘ o.;m luglvpl for return e. e Eve- ning Star ';?lsf';)ll"mlflon Bureau, Fred- eric J. Director, Washington, D. C. Q. How tall is Helen Wills Moody and what is her weight>—I. B. A. She is 5 feet 7! inches tall and weighs about 136 pounds. Q. How is_telephonic communica- tion accomplished between Washington and Honolulu?—W. H. A. 1t is by means of wires between Washington and San Francisco, some 3,000 miles, and by short-wave radio { channel from San Francisco to Hono- lulu, about 2500 miles. Despite this change, conversation is as ect as !huuna'; the participants were in the same_city. Q. How can an atom be split? Can the process be cbserved?—A. T. A, The Bureau of Standards says atoms as projectiles. The actual proc- ess cannot be observed, only the results of the splitting process are observable. ‘The usual met! of splitting atoms is to direct a stream of alpha icles (high speed helium nuclei) at the sub- stance the atoms of which are to be disrupted. Q. How much must the receipts of & post office be in order that it be ranked as s first-class post office?— A 5. J: A. All post offices having receipts | of $40,000 or more are first-class offices; | from '$8.000 to $40,000. second-class $3,000 to $1,500, and less than $1,500; fourth- offices. | 2t | Q. Was the author of the Book of | Luke a Jew?—G. A. A. Luke, considered the most liter- ary among the writers of the New Tes- tament, was not a Jew. His name |and his profession of physician sug- gest that he was the son of a Greek freedman of some Roman family. Q. When were horseshoes first made | by machinery?—C. B. ‘ A. In 1835, by Henry Burden, at Troy, N. Y. Q. What is the function of the ;Amésrican Engineering Council? —E. M. A. It was formed in December, 1920, as the Federsted American Engineer- ing Societies. The name was changed March 11, 1924, to the present title. | Its object is to further the public wel- | fare wherever technical and engineer- | ing knowledge and experience are in- volved, and to consider and act upon matters of common concern to the en- gineering and allied technical profes- sions. Each year the council conducts | cne major research in the realm of | engineering, industry or in the semi- economic fleld. | @ What was a gimmel ring>—W.N i A, It was an old-style wedding | ring composed of two loops. Q. Was Jumbo the largest elephant ever meesured?—R. 8. | A. Jumbo, the femous elephant of - | the Barnum & Bailey Circus, wes 10 feet 10 inches tall and weighed ap- proximately six tons. Jumbo was one | of the largest elephants ever in cap- | tivity, but there are records of larger | elephants which were not taken alive, but killed. One elephant shot in East Africa measured 11 feet 8!: inches at the thoulder, had a total length from trunk to end of tail of 15 feet 5 inches and a girth of forefoot of 5 feet 54 inches. that atoms are split by using other Wilson third-class | Who sald “John Marshall has decision; now let him enforce Wr—H W. R. A. It was ascribed to t An- President drew Jackson and its occasion was L] decision of the Supreme Court in one of the cases involving the Cherokee In- dlan Nation and the State of Georgla. ‘The Supreme Court had found in favor of the Indians, but, as the interests of the United States, as well as the State of Georgia, were believed by Jackson to be superior, the Indians were gradually displaced from their lands in spite of | the treaty subsisting. Q. How long d@id redemptioners serve?—P. T. C. A. Many indentured servants came over from England under bond to serve a n of years for their passage. ‘They served four, five or seven yea» according to the contract. This sysiem | was introduced in Virginia in 1607 and in Massachusetts in 1631. It also ex- isted in Maryland, New York, Con- necticut and Pennsylvania, Q. When was the Chinese Republic il’!cosnnled by the United States?— | M M. S, | A, It was recognized by President on May 2, 1014, Q. Who first used the willow pattern on pottery?—S, M, A. Thomas Minton, Q. Where does one first find the ghnse “Pirst in war, first in peace and in the hearts of his country- | men”?—A. R, A. John Marshall's address on the death of Washington concluded with the House resolutions drawn by “Light- horse Harry Lee.” These resolutions included the phrase quoted. Marshall's address marks the first publication of the phrase. . Q. When was “Darling Nellie Gray” written’—B. M. A. It was written by B. R. Hanby and copyrighted in 1856, Q. Had Oliver Cromwell a particular iir:u.erut in the American colonies?— . C. A. In 1643 he was appointed one of a board of commissioners for the gen- eral management of all the English colonies in America. Other duties occu- pled most of his time at this period. Q. What is the difference between & total eclipse of the sun and an annular eclipse?’—A. 8. B. A. Annular eclipse—when the moon is more distant than usual, so that around its disk is a thin ring of true sunlight unobscured. Total eclipse — when the moon is at the critical dis- tance where its conical shadow, passing over the earth, falls short of certain regions (annular eclipse visible) but {:‘uflhu others in between (totality vis- le). Q. How fast do fir trees used for Ctristmas trees grow?—J. T. A. The average age of a Christmas tree is frem 5-10 years and the growth of the average Christmas tree is about 10 inches per year. This varies with the different species. Q. Do all gpsm speak the same language?—B. M. A. There 1s a great difference in language among the tribes. In America the younger generations speak English and are rapialy forgetting their native tongues. Hungarian, Rumanian and Spanish gypsies seldom intermarry. Q. When a forcigner is naturalized in this country is his former country notified’—R. B. A. His native country is not notified. AQ\ What are small pickles calied’— , A. They are usually desgnat:d as gheirkins. Those of very smail sze zre clten called midgets. Conference of Governors . Consolidates As a means of gaining a broader view of the present status of remedies for |is depression on the farm, the conference of Midwestern Governers, held at Sioux City, 1s declared to have been valuable. Its utterance as to strikes and their lack of effective results is commended, jwhile the need of tariff equality is | stressed. Some matters before the con- | ference continue to be subjects of de- bate. | “The conference directed attention toward the farm problem,” says the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader, “in a more =ffective way than it has ever been done before.” That paper advises that “it brought out the aspects of the farm ifficulties in a dramatic manner that | has compelled attention.” As to th series of recommendations, the Argus- Leader remarks: “The various points in them will be accepted with a divided sentime; Perhaps the foremost in ublic ntion at the moment is the e | Minnesota. Farm Position A statement issued by the conference interpreted by the Minneapois Journal as seeming to aim “at combin- ing the farmers' co-operatives in ‘one big union,’” and that paper offers the | judgment ‘cn this idea: “It sounds like the vague proposal of Gov. Olson be- | fore he left for Sioux City. But the | leaders of the great and successful co- | operatives of Minnesota, built up | through years of effcrt and sound busi- | ness management, agree that such & | plan means the wrecking of their or- | ganizations, tremendous losses. It is | not strange that Gov. Olson has failed | to get the support of the real (not the political) leaders cf the farmers cf Nor is it strange that, when | the Governors and pro-governors came to formulate their cure they took refuze in confused phraseology. It was hardly to be expected that a group of Governors, same of them candidates for moratorium on farm mortgages. The |f¢-€lection in November, would rebuke Governors requested that the owners of farm mortgages refrain from fore- closures during the period of the emer- gency except in cases where the farmer showed little inclination to co-operate. Such an attitude, in effect, is likely to be taken by the majority of mortgage holders In fact. the lafger insurance companies already are following that progrim They are avoiding the ex. pense of faredlosures and feel that it is to their interest as well as that of the farmers to refral from summary action excent in instances where the holder of the land completely lies down en the job. The added recommendation of Government intervention to force u farm mortgage moraterium is subject to criticism. Thit is dangerous busi- ness. The Governors touched, too, uj the delicate question of currency in- flation. They approved ‘sound infla- tion. the modifying adjective being all, important in this case. No one, of course. cap object to a sound inflation. The difficulty lies in discovering it. The recommendation in respect to tariffs is entirely sound.. The Governors realize farmers’ strikes. To some of them the qpportunity to prave themselves tried and true friends cf the farmer seemed | too good to be missed. The statement issued is scarcely epochal in character.” “The rain contribution of the con- | ference is the emphasis which it places upon co-operative marketing.” declares | the Lincoln State Journal. pointing out that “the Governors believe that the farmers should themselves iake charge of this. and do it in such a way that direct government loans can be secured to finance the withholding of products from the market.” Holding that “there was little new in either the discussion |or the recommendations.” the State Journal states that, as to revision of the tariff, “in the last tariff the farm- M | ers got practically what they wanted in the way of tariffs upon farm imports,” and that, in reference to expansion of the currency, “meanwhile the Presi- dent, through expanding credit, is seek- ing to accamplish the same object, with success apparently ahead save where overproduc exists.” Rromises given to the conference that that the present tariff is unfair to :{. riculture and that the position of farmer can be bettered through a re- | comment from the Buffalo Evening vision with his welfare in mind.” | News that “rioters apparently were “The sifting out of the good and the more interested in wild politics than in practical from the unwise or the im- | farming.” The Akron Beacon Journal, practicable,” thinks the Des Moines | however, quoting an Iowa leader to the Tribune, “will take a little time.” That | effect that “the farmers are on the paper feels that “sice same of the pro- | picket lines because they want to call posals made have been advocated for the attention of the world to the con- farm rioting will be stopped inspire the ment to give to teaching so wide & |€rs years by practically all farm leaders, it is unquestionable that there is merit in them.” Observing that the Gov- ernors, “without dissent by any of them, declined to adopt the idea of an em- bargo on movement of farm products,” the Tribune comments: “They em- phasized the lack of legal precedent for ch a thing, and they emphasized also fl‘w ‘complications, foreseen and unfore- seen,' that would arise. They recom- mended that farmers themselves, by voluntary and lawful co-operation, put themselves in position to deliver or withhold products from market in ac- lance with their interest. They in- tally stressed the desirability of strengthening and using existing co- operative facllities, rather than proceed- iAnl! to build anew from the ground up. this may be disappointing to some of the farm lmlex;—t one eor two of the shrewdest of the strik- y at smx y ‘spokes! it S only thing the Governors The sooner it is everywhere that idea ‘ha ba enforped unu—-fiu’ o el oy o o 0 is y goes on without breal 'y this Tast gfi o ay :)'Il‘d é‘“.r uals, than masiieil. 0 prefesions yet the ery far “another book” W ues—and that title, is" classes, this ho) Lt | dition which is about to dispossoss |them of their farms,” concludes that | the farm strike “has made the Govern- | ors sit up and take notice.” The Bal- | time Sun holds that “the backbone of the program of farm relief evolved b~ the conference is a set of proposals whose back has already been broken by ecopomic forces.” Advising that “an improvement in farm prices can come only with an up- ward move in business.” the Wall | Street Journal declares: “The implica- tion is that increased tariffs on some farm products are necessary. Since | the short session of Congress in De- cember, 1920, tariffs have been one of the remedies of agriculture,’and each one has left i in a worse condition than before. Slowly -but steadily the ting logic of events has been Oas o?: the fi'utlh m“b:m the can no longer be consid- ered as self-sufficient. To maintain the t ideas of reasonable pros- perity {6 must ;..tduee more than it arket by incs th This is nmm th:t the States and other nations also must learn and admit as one of the toward all = e B .TuonHopeu. ’ Prom the Florids Times-Union.