Evening Star Newspaper, September 20, 1932, Page 5

YOUNG DESCRIBES FLYING PROGRESS Radio Forum Speaker Says Industry Has Advanced Despite Depression. The continued development of air! transportation has been an outstanding accomplishment in commerce and in- dustry in the United States during the | deprescion, Clarence M. Young, Assirt-, ant Secretary of Commerc> for Aero-( nautics, said last night in the National Radio Forum, arranged by The Wash- ington Star and brcadcast over a coast- to-coest network of the National Broad- casting Co. ties of the past few B s s E ttuted a period’ of “extraordinary develop- ment." This development has been toward the objective of providing fast transportation service for industry and commerce, he said. The growth of aviation in the face of the universal financial stress and un- certainty has been made possible by the efforts of business men, eng:neers, pilots | and others making up the aeronautics | industry, by the supvort of the Federal | Government and bv the increesing patronage of the public, Col. Young | pointed out The civil aeronautics chief, in his ad- | dress, described the establishment of | civil air regulation in the United States, the activities of the Department of | Commerce in regulating and promoting aeronautics and gave a comprehensive picture of airline operations nd the status of the aviation industry today. Mr. Young's address was based mot only on information gained by his} everyday contact with every branch of | aeronautical activity, but on the expe- riences of 14 years of aviation activity, which began during the World War, when he served as a combat pilot in the American Army, serving on the Italian front. Text of Address. ‘The text of Col. Young's address fol- Tows: “When you read in your newspaper recently that James Haizlip had flown from Los Angeles to New York in 10 hours and 19 minutes, you doubtless considered it a remarkable achieve- ment—which, indeed, it was. But did it occur to you that you yourself can fly over any one of several transconti- | nental routes in comfortable air liners, | making the trip from coast to coast in | approximately 30 hours, or that you | can travel to almost any part of the United States with proportionate sav- ings in time? “If you are one of the half million persons who patronized the scheculed air transport services during the past vear, you know this from experience, and 'if you have not flown as an air line passenger, you probably have had many occasions to rely upon the speed of the airplane when you have dis- patched & letter or parcel by air. “The pest few years have been a pe- riod of extraordinary development in aeronautics, and this cevelopment has been toward the objective of providing fast transportation service for industry and commerce. As a result, it is not necessary today for any one to be fa- miliar with or skilled in the operation of aircraft to enjoy the benefits and advantages of flying. They can be had in exchange for a passenger ticket, an air mail stamp. or the charge for trans- portation of an air express package. Agencies Co-operate. “This has been made possible by the efforts of the business men, engineers, pilots and others Who make up the aercnautics industry, by the support which has been given along several different lines by the Federal Govern- ment, and by the increasing patronage | this type of transportation is receiving. In outlining here the part that is taken by the United States Department of Commerce, I hope I also will make it clear that it has required a thoroughly constructive co-operation of the aero- | nautics inductry and the reveral Gov- | ernment agencies that have to do with fiying. “The Aeronautics Branch of the De- | partment of Commerce, established under the provisions of the Air Com- | merce Act of 1926, is charged with the | responsibility for promotion and regu- lation of civil aercnautics in the United States. To describe its duties more spe- cifically, the Aeronautics Branch es- tablishes and maintains airways on which are provided the aids to air nav- | fgation that are essential to safe and lependable aircraft operations: it han- s dles air regulation. including licensing roval and licensing of of sirmen, app: alrcraft, aircraft engines and acces- sorfes and regulation of air lines; it has such promotional functions as re- search, dissemination of aeronautic in- formation, fostering of airport develop- ment and compilation of airway maps. All of these activities play a direct part in the development of air transporta- tion “The history of air transportation in the United States is very brief, when one considers the accomplishments that already stand on the record. I wonder if we recall that it was but six or seven years ago, approximately,. that there was any real organized and comprehen- sive effort to develop civil acronautics; but some five or six years ago that scheduled operations with transporta- tion of mail were undertaken by pri- vate enterprise; and only about three years ago that a similar effort was de- Voted to the scheduled transportation of passengers. In that period of time the United States has moved up from behind and assumed a position of world leadership in civil and commercial avi- { public, THE EVENING . STAR, WASHINGTON, CLARENCE M. YOUNG. —Star Staff Photo. show how these facilities contribute to| “The fifth mafor contributing factor, :ih(l‘l efficiency “’“‘1 dependability of namely, the obvious necessity for the DRI S T type of service which air transport has Public Safety Sole Aim. to offer, is at once apparent when we “In the constructive governmental |consider that in the past three years regulatory policy applying to civil |the number of passengers carried an- aeronautics we find the third of the nually has been more than trebled. several contributing factors to which | The total of passengers carried in 1929 I have referred as being responsible | was 173,000 as compared with 522,000 for the rapid development of the past |in 1931. few years—not in the mere fact that| “To carry the comparisons a little regulatory control is exercised, but in | farther, it should be mentioned that the manner of this regulation. Public | the number of miles flown increased safety hes, of course, been the sole|from 25,000,000 in 1929 to 47.000,000 in actuating motive, and in the further- ‘mail grew in volume from 7.700,- ance thereof the department and the industry have co-cperated in promoting | D. C., TUESDAY, SE range of one of them, and under nor- mal circumstances can’ listen in to more than one station. b “The weather information that comes to the pilot by this means is forwarded to the broadcasting station by teletype- writer, Observations come from all im- portant points along the airways and The 000 pounds to 9,600,000 pounds and express from 250,000 pounds to more than 1,000,000 pounds yearly over the same three-year period. Information | now available definitely indicates that the records for 1932 will show further substantial increases. s “I have referred to the Federal Air- ways System vpon which have been |from many points off the routes. established the various aids to air navi- | information also 15 routed to & gation. This system is indispensable to |it will be recalled that our pilot received the safe and reliable operation of air full information as to weather before transport equipment. | taking off. “These aids to air navigation are| “Radio transmitting stations of an- operated throughout the 24 hours of the | other type enable the pilot to have a day, with the exception, of course, of | onstant check upon the direction of his lights, which are required only at night. | course. a check that is in addition to They may best be explained by descrid- | hys opservation of beacon lights and Ing a flight accomplished with their use, | Jandmarks. The radio range beacon particularly a night flight, since the ' gives signals which definitely indicate ils facilitles after sundown. “Before leaving the airport on his|particularly valuable if fog or haze ob- scheduled flight, the pilot is infermed | seure the ground. The pllot may fly of weather conditions along his route | along the right side of the radio range, B2 irports— ' tests during Rrway is in full operation with all of | Whether he is on course. or to the right or left, and this directional service is from reports recelved over the Depart- ment of Commerce teletypewriter cir- cuits. Assured by this informaticn that conditions are favorable, he takes Off and heads his craft toward his des- tination, Powerful rotating search light beaccns mourted on steel towers and ix flashes each minute mark the airway “On the same tower With the beacon are two smaller lights called course lights, one pointing forward and the other backward along the airway and flashing a code signal which indicates to the pilot the location of the beacon. If the course lights are green, it means that there is a feld at which he may 1and if necessary; if they are red, he knows that no landing facilities ere available et this particular site. The airman passcs over one of these bea- cons every 10 to 15 miles. Intermediate Landing Ficlds. “At stralegic points along his route, our pilot will fiy cver landing fields established by the De- partment of Commerce. These are SO spaced that he will be able to find a place to land without delay if. for any | reason, the flight needs to be inter- |rupted. At each field there is a rotat- |ing beacon light, the course lights, of course, being green in color. The land- |ing area is conditioned for the use of | aircraft, is marked for identification by day, and is outlined with lights which show its boundaries and indicate |its best landing strip at night. “During his entire flight, the airman receives frequent reports by radio as to | weather conditions, and if it is neces- sary for emergency messages to be sent | to him, they go by the same medium. | Radio ' communications stations are established by the Department of Com- | merce along the airway routes closely enough together that the pilot flying |the airway will alwavs be within the intermediate | thus keeping himself to the right side of the airway, in accordance with the | air traffic rules. to avoid any possibility of collision with an afrcraff approach- |ing from the opposite direction. The radio range heacon system makes a| note worthy contributicn to regularity of schedules maintained even in adverse | weatner. | “During the time that our pilot s |flying his course still another service is being rendered for him on the ground. When he leaves the airport, a | message to this effect is put cnto the teletypewriter circuit, the same circuit that is used for weather reports. As | he passes over a teletypewriter station at a key intermediate field or another airport, this fact is put onto the circuit by the ground employe of ‘the Depart- | ment of Commerce stationed there, so | that a constant check of the airplane’s progress is maintained. | Research in Progress. | “The foregoing represents, briefly, the story of air transport operations tod: In the future it will be a story of even more comprchensive aids to air navigation, -and less dependence upcn the human element. Many agencies, both Government and private, are oc- cupying themselves with research prob- lems directed toward this end. “At present the research activities of the aeronautic branch include such projects as special aeronautical light- | ing and signal equipment, the develop- ment of various types of airways radio range beacons, suitable radio transmit- ters to permit the simyltaneous broad- cast of airways weather reports and radio range beacon signals, airplane radio direction firders, and a radio system for landing aircraft under con- ditions of poor or zero visibilitv. All of these are important in the further development of air transportation and BER 20, 1932. |for a lengthy discussion. “As previously indicated, many agen- cles are engaged in research, to the ead that there may be less dependence upon the human element. This gen- eral program is co-ordinated so as to avoid duplication of effort. We recently have seen the Int i troduction in service regular operation of an automatic pilot, Doubtless the next step will be to have the automatic pilot guided directly by signals from the radio range beacons possibly later by radio fog landing transmitters. “Probably the human element will never be entirely eliminated from air- craft operation—such has-not been the case in other forms of transportation But_steamships, rallroads and automo- | biles are constantly being equipped with | mechanical devices to reduce the chance of the occurrence of a human | error, and the same is true of air | transportation. These developments |are enabling air transport to achieve | its goal' of offering regularity and de- | pendability of schedules | tion, “One of the recent important ad- nces along this line is found in the airline regulations worked out in co- comparable | | with any other system of transporta- | any one would provide subject matter |fled to with any suituation that may be encountered. “There is no question as to the im- portance of air transport in the gen- eral transportation scheme of the coun- try. It renders a distinct type of serv- ice because of its inherent advantages of speed and directness of route. A broad view reveals that it is not com. petitive in character with surface sys- tems, but rather that it augments them, and that the development of a co-ordi- nated system of transportation utilizing land, sea and air facilities in such a way as to serve the soclal, industrial and commercial needs of the country, is inevitable. “This constructive program Wwill be continued, and if we can avoid unnec- essary restrictive legislation, both State and Pederal, air transportation will continue to build, develop and e€x- pand, and occupy a place of ever- increasing importance in the general transportation plan of the country. Bear in mind that the development of the last three years which already has been cited has taken place during a period of economic stress and uncer- tainty, and has provided both directly and indirectly continued employment in factories, ' with air transportation companies, and along the airways to thousands of people. During this time Operation between the airline operat- |the growth of air transport has been {ors and the Depertment of Commerce | which are now being given practical |effect. Under the provisions of these new regulations, pilots flying in opera- tions of this kind will be required to | hold scheduled air transport ratings. | To qualify for the rating a pilot shall | have had at least 1,200 hours of ac- | credited flying experience, including 1500 hours of cross-country flying, and | night flying. He is required to pass an examination in the use of radio and other aids to air navigation, in- shall have had 75 or more hours of cluding tests in meteorology with re- | spect to weather analysis and fore- | casting lso, his ability to fly en- tirely by instrument is tested in an air- plane equipped with & hooded cockpit. ‘These tests, in addition to demonstrat- ing the pilot’s ability to maneuver his airplane by instruments, nccesritate thorough, skill in the use of radio range beacons, because he is required to ori- ent himself with respect to the beacon and fly directly over it. And these stations are always located in the im- ?:‘é.‘sme vicinity of airports or landing elds. No “Fair Weather” Pilot. “Any one using the airlines can take it for granted that the man at the controls is not a ‘fair weather’ pilot—that he is thoroughly familiar with every detail of the route, and has the necessary knowledge of radio, flight instruments and the use of aids to air navigation, and that he is quali- constant and regular. In fact, the continued development of air trans- portation has been an outstanding ac- complishment in commerce and indus- try during this per.od.” L2 i MISSING MAN SOUGHT TO GET INHERITANCE Sisters Declare Sum of Money Has Been Left to Alexander Kandel, Believed in California. Two sisters who for the past three years have been seeking their brother vesterday asked police to renew their cfforts to locate him, in order that he may receive a small fortune they say he has inherited. The brother, Alexander Kandel, 23, left the Capital three years ago, saying he was going to California. Since then, | at the request of the sisters, Miss Goldie and Miss Toba Kandel, of the 500 block of Peabody street northeast, local police have communicated with police of sev- eral California cities in an effort to find him. The sisters told police the brother had inherited a sum of money which probably would be large enough to set him up in business, and they are an- xious to communicate with him so that he can get the money. * A—S NEW YORK OPPOSES ST. LAWRENCE PLAN State Waterways Associa- tion Says Canal Would Be Useful Only Part Time, By the Associated Press. BUFFALO, N. Y., September 20— | William J. Flynn, vice chairman of the Albany Port District Commission, told the New York State Waterways Asso- ciation today that neither cheap elec- | tricity nor economical transportation | could be expected from the St. Law- | rence River Flynn's address opened direct discus- sion” of the St. Lawrence power and canalization project, which the water- ways body is fighting. Hardships on Railroads. He said the St. Lawrence would pro- vide a seaway for seven months a year at the longest and that during 'this period it would work hardship on the railroads, which were expected to fur- | nish transportation the rest of the time He proposed that Canada develop the St. Lawrence route and the United States deepen and widen the New York Barge Canal so that full use could be made of its possibilitie: “No railroad company can afford to maintain road bed, rolling stock and terminal equipment to provide peak cperation for a five months’ period and remain 1dle or nearly so for the re- maining seven mcnths.” | Against “Foreign” Project. Flynn asserted this was no time to spend money on “foreign” projects, that development of the all-American route across New York State not only would open what he called the shortest and cheapest route from the Great Lakes to the sea, but would give employment to many Americans in need of jobs He said the Northwest had been de- luded by estimates of cheap grain rates to Europe. Ocean vessels, he con- tended, would not be able to compete for lake transportation because the lake steamers were built much more cheaply and the ocean carriers could not be expected to eo beyond Montreal. That meant, e said, that grain would still have to be rechipped every form of safety regulations which could be given practical effect. When it first took up the task of drafting regulations, the aeronautics branch en- listed the aid of the industry. The original_air commerce regulations and air traffic rules, the amendments that have been made thereto, and the sup- plementary requirements that have been put into effect from time to time all represent at cnce the best efforts of the Federal Government to establish a sare and reasonable basis for aircraft operations which safeguards the inter- sts of both the industry and the and the carefully considered thoughts of leaders in the aeronautics industry toward the same end. “Initiative of private enterprise in air transport, the fourth of the factors heretofore referred to, has plaved an increesingly important part. In 1927 the Government completely withdrew from the operation of air mail planes by the Post Office Department. In the years 1926 and 1927 private capital entered into the air transport field on a comprehensive basis, and since that time the business men who direct the activities of the air transport lines hrve spared no effort in building for efficient and dependable_service. “In everything done by the airline operators to improve service, their object bas been to incresse the value of air transport to the public. The combined effect has been to bring the air-transport_system to such a level of cfficiency and dependability that it has been accepted s an indispensable | factor in the general transporiation industry and is playing an important | part in the social and industrial life of the country. THL A ey e Bl i of CERTIFIED * CLOTHING Certified 2-Pants Suits $19.75 to $40 Certified OVERCOATS $19.75 to $40 Winter. 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By this means the United States has secured a rapid and advanced method of mail movement and at the same time has contributed to the devel- | opment of an excellent air passenger and express service; and this has been ac- complished by means other than any form of direct subsidy such as has been employed in various other coun- tries. The Government has been a tuated by sound business motives in extending this aid, for it has built up & transportation system to be used in the expeditious handling of mail, which is providing substantial returns not only in service to the entire coun- try, but in revenue representing an in- creasingly large proportion of the cost to the Government for air mail move- ment. “The second important factor in de- welopment of air transport is the Fed- eral Airways System which has been constructed and is being maintained by the Government through the De- partment of Commerce. * An airways system which serves for air navigation the same purpose as do the federally maintained marine aids, lighthouses, etc., for shipping. It is made up of aids to air navigation that have demon- strated their practicability and use- fulness. 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