Evening Star Newspaper, July 26, 1932, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO . G, TUESDAY, JULY 26, 1932. ‘W ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. THE EVENING $ With Sunday Morning ition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.. ...July 26, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company B Bentevivanta Ave MRk Sice: 110 East (204 Bt ihlcllu Office: Lake Michigan Building. uropean Oflntu Regent St.. London, n Rate by Carrier Withint the City. The Evenine Star . 45c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundavs) 60c per menth The Evening and Sunday Siar (wh Sunday: 65¢ oer month e 6 Star A 5c_per copy Coll n made at the e Crders mav be sent in by mall o NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Marland and Virginia. d 1 yr., $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ $6.00. 1 mo.. 50¢ | iy ‘only Daily on! 1e00: 3 1yl Sunday only 1yr. 1mo.. 40¢ All Other Sta*rs and Canada. afly and Sunday..) yr.$i2 aily only .. 1 unday only Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled 1o the use for republication of all new atches credited 1o it ther ted in this paper & the local 1ews published herein ights of publication of | special dispatches herein are also reserved or not of Washington's Trail by Air. Both as a commemoration of the es- tablishment cof the American postal service, which was created Jul 1775, and as a feature of the George Washington Bicentennial celebration, an airplane was flown yesterday over a .Toute which embraced practically all; the places visited by the first President | both as soldier and as executive. The plane was flown by Maj. James H. Doo- little, former Army aviator, with Miss | Anne Madison Washington, a great- | great-grandniece of Washington, as| passenger. The flight began at Boston at 4:35 am. and, covering approximate- | ly 2,016 miles, ended at 9:17 pm,, just | two minutes off the schedule which had | been set for it. At various points along | the way packets of letters were dropped with tags requesting the finders to send them to their destination by airmail. A map of this flight affords a vivid | illustration of the narrow territory within which George Washington trav- | eled in the course of his life. When out- | lined upon the full map of the United States erea embraced is but a minute portion of the present national territory. But in Washington's time it was almost the entire American realm, with the exception of the States of Georgia and South Carolina and all but a very small sector of North - Carolina. There is no exact computa- tion of the time required by George Washington in covering this ground route by route, but it must have oc- cupled in all many months. Yesterday the circuit was made in less than seventeen hours. ! George Washington went over these routes on horseback and in coach. In men~ places there were no roads, merely tracks and trails, Such roads as existed were bad, impassable in | storm, dangerous at all times and in most places, wheels sinking to the hub, rocks and stumps of trees often block- ing passage. The best of the highways then existing would now be rated as in | the lowest grade of travel lanes. i The country between the points which | George Washington visited was wild and | mostly wooded, with few farms and in- frequent settlements. Accommodations for travelers were scant. “Stages” for daily travel were set to assure shelter and sustenance for the wayfarer. There was peril for the traveler, both in the state of nature and in the hostility of | the Indians. In the Eastern and more | settled portion of the territory there were some highwaymen, and many travelers were accompanied by armed guards for protection. George Wash- ington, however, often made these Jjourneys alcne, when he was not on military expeditions. The flight of Maj. Doolittle and Miss ‘Washington should cause a more gen- eral appreciation of the comforts and the facilities that have developed in the course of the one hundred and fifty- seven years of the postal period which was celebrated by their fii~ht, The air- plane itself is of course Lae most strik- ing feature of this progress. But it is| necessary to look back offly a couple of decades instead of more than a century and a half to note a great advance in this respect. Twenty years ago an air flight over the route nr‘ George Washington's travels would have | been a feat to amaze the world. Today | it is accepted as something quite easily to be accomplished, not at all sensa- tional, and noteworthy chiefly because of the historic character of the route followed. | the | tard the economic recovery of the coun- try. Many of them would probably re- fuse jobs if they were offcred them. ‘This is not true of the great majority of the bonus seekers who still remain in this city. They have been misled into believing that by remaining here they can perhaps force the calling of an extra sesslon of Congress, which is alto- gether improbable. They have failed to avail themselves of a chance to go home by means of loans to be debited against their ultimate bonus account and are about to be faced with eviction from their camping places, by processes which, though interrupted by certain legal necessities, are inevitable if they do mnot voluntarily vacate. They have from the outset separated themselves from the radical elements who are mis- using the bonus banners as camouflage for their seditious purposes. For this they have won public approval, which, however, does not extend to support of | their demands for immedfate legisla- tion. There can be no paltering with these lawless, riotous contingents. The repe- tition of scenes of disorder around the White House, while in accord with their real desires, must be endured, with perhaps more and more severe means of restraint until the fact is e: tablished that the laws and regulatio for the preservation of peace in Wash- | ington are not to be broken. S Junkers Ueber Alles. Germany's “monocle cabinet,” as its foes dub the militarist government headed by Lieut. Col. Franz von Papen, won in the Supreme Court at Leipzig yesterday the first round in Junker- dom’s fight for the control of Prussia. Prussia’s ousted Soclalist ministers sought a temporary injunction to re- strain the federal authorities from ap- pointing a dictator to govern Germany's | Jargest state, The Supreme Court ruled that the injunction, by causing two sets of rival administrators to function in Prussia, would only cause friction and confusion. At the same time the bench reserved judgment on the contention that President von Hindenburg's emer- gency decree, which thrust the Prussian government into the outer darkness, was jllegal. A decision on that basic con- stitutional issue will not be handed down until after next Sunday’s Reichs- tag elections. Meantime the “vons” remain ueber alles in Germany. Their undisputed sway heartens the Hitler “Nazis” and the Hugenberg Nationalists, who are licking their chops in confident antic- ipation of inheriting the political eartn on July 31. Gen. von Schleicher, Chan- cellor von Papen’s army minister, an- nounces that the Reichswehr will be mobilized to suppress any attempt by the reactionaries to seize power if they fail to get it at the polls. But even this commendable blow for constitu- tionality will not wholly remove the im- pression that the Wilhelmstrasse is being kept warm by its present occu- pants for the forces that hanker for the “old days” and for destruction of the Weimar republic, now waging so precarious a struggle for existence. Such fears will only be strengthened in Germany, as well as abroad, by the experiences which the Reichstag Super- visory Committee had yesterday with Baron von Gayl, minister of the interior in the Von Papen regime. The com- mittee voted unanimously, with the ex- ception of its Hitlerite-Nationalist mem- bers, to demand revocation of the dic- tatorship decrees in Prussia. Baron von Gayl thereupon curtly proclaimed that the cabinet does not consider that the committee has any right to make such a demand on the government, which will therefore ignore it. Two or three years before the war a Junker deputy created a furore in Ger- many by suggesting that if the people's representatives continued to make ob- streperous demands for their “rights,” the Kaiser ought to send “a Prussian lieutenant and ten men” and “close up” the Reichstag. Each day seems to be producing a fresh crop of evidence that the lieutenant colonel and ten men, now comprising the government of Germany, are bent upon “closing up” all remain- ing vestiges of constitutional rule in the Reich. ———————— Illinois desires ten million of the re- lief loan with as little red tape as possible. Even two national conventions arriving in one Summer is not enough to create a sense of financial security. ————— Just to show that there is no kind of trouble they are afraid of, the bonus boys are now getting all the experi- ences that can go with starting & newspaper. p— | Introduction of incidental entertain- ment at the Chicago convention now gecms especially commendable. They wera the only opportunities the cam- paign is likely to afford for the intro- duction of legitimate comedy. S Radical Demonstrations. The mischievous purpose of the radi-| cals who in the guise of bonus seekers ere now in Washington and demon- | strating from time to time in disorderly | manner is disclosed by the statement | ©of one of the leaders who was yesterday arrested near the White House for in- | citing a riot. He said: “We are seeking | & general relief bill for the unemployed more than we are bringing pressure to | bear for the full payment of the bonu&‘l ‘We are going to stay here and agitate, | if you call it such, for some relief/ meagure.” ! The ink is scarcely dry upon a re- lief bill designed to furnish "m[\lh,\-‘ ment to those now idle in this country, ® measure representing the combined | efforts of the President and Congress, While it is not as widely embracing as some expected and desired, it is the maximum of possible achlevement. | Short of a veritable dole, it is the ut- most that can be afforded. The real design of those who are now using the bonus plea as an excuse for mgitation is to attract attention, even at the cost of & possible riot at the Capital. _These men are incited to such perform- | @nces by others who remain in the background or who stay away from Washington, carefully avoiding en- counters with the police and playing upon the ignorance of their gulls and the deplorable economic conditions. Probably few of those Who partici- ————— Santos-Dumont, Air Pioneer. With the death in Brazil, his native country, of Alberto Santos-Dumont passes a pioneer in aviation, whose place in the history of human flight, though somewhat undefined because of the claims of his fellow South Amer- icans, may be recognized as one of high importance. Born to the enjoy- ment of such large private means that he was able to indulge himself in the pursuit of inquiries imto aeronautical problems, Santos-Dumont experimented with both heavier and lighter than air craft, mostly in France. It was not, however, until after the first flight of the Wright brothers at Kittyhawk, N. C, that he devised what has come to be known as an airplane, somewhat on the principle of box kites. He de- veloped nothing that has survived in airplane designing. His experiments in France were chiefly with powered balloons, building in all ten machines, With the fifth of these he made his first successful objective fiight, circling the Eiffel Tower, winning the Deutsch prize of $50,000 offered for a flight from Saint Cloud to the tower and back in less than an hour. Santos-Dumont made the trip in a lttle less than thirty minutes. These experiments un- doubtedly contributed greatly to public interest and faith in practical aviation, althoagh none of the devices of Santos- Dumont in themselves advanced the art. Brazil hailed him as & pioneer and his government gave him decora- tions and s rich reward. He eventually adopted the heavier-than-air principle and bullt several ships with which he won some records, and in 1928 he re- turned to Brazil, where he was wel- comed as “the first man to fly.” An pated in the demonstration yesterday really knew what it was all about. They bave been inflamed to & high pitch of ~ resentment against the established order ©f government in the United States by };:nmmkmmhwmm official plane named for him which flew with fourteen passengers to meet his ship, crashed and all were drowned. This accident so greatly shocked Santos-Dumont that he virtually abandoned aviation. His final sippear- TAR'mmummumuamn- ance in the fleld was on the occasion of a visit to Paris last year to receive & medal from the National Aviation Society. ‘The news of his death revives the thrill which his achievement in 'nym[ around the Eiffel tower caused. The world was waiting for such a demonstration of the possibility of con- trolled human flight. But it was for the Wright brothers actually to start the great work of heavier-than-air aviation. The development of this form of air navigation, which, despite the success of the dirigible in its own fleld, is recognized as the primary means of human flight, is & composite of the work of many men, each of whom has contributed valuably and permanently. _ The First Real Bus Terminal. ‘There is more than ordinary interest in the announcement of plans for estab- lishment of a downtown bus terminal at the Annapolis Hotel, to serve six or more bus lines, and for remodeling the hotel by the interests which have ac- quired it for operation in connection with the terminal. For a good many | vears now the bus terminal problem has been kicked around like & 7>t ball be- | tween the companies and the Public Utilities Commission and the public. | Last Summer, after long hearings on | the matter, the Public Utilities Com- mission issued an order giving the bus companies nearly a year in which to select their sites and locate off-street terminals and for all time end the | abominable nuisance of the curbstone | terminals that now occupy so much valuable space downtown. The An- napolis Hotel project has been an- nounced within a short time of the expiration of this period of grace. But there are many other bus com- panies still to make known their plans. The threat of a court fight to resist the commission’s final ultimatum has been heard again recently. There is the chance that some of the lines may hold out to the last ditch in a futile fight against the obviously reasonable de- mand of the commission that they ceass | the use of curbstone terminals in the congested district. The announcement® of the Annapolis Hotel project breaks the ice and lessens the chance for any prolonged or organized resistance on the part of the bus companies. If the six lines concerned in this first large venture have made their decision, others will probably fall in line. For there is no doubt that the companies that make a real effort to co-operate in clearing streets and which provide the ample ac- commodations for their patrons to be established at the Annapolis Hotel will benefit. Those that insist on a policy of resisting the commission’s order and fight for the retention of inadequate and inconvenient street terminals will lose. The site selected for this first bus terminal is convenient to the public, and the location is such that the in- coming and outgoing busses will cause & minimum of traffic interference. It 1s to be hoped that ofher terminals will be as well selected as this first one. ———s Canada disapproves of interviews of prominent women by social columnists. It may as well be recognized that poli- tics has never yet been kept out of soclety and probably will be 50 in evi- dence forever. Great Britain's embargo on Soviet wheat and lumber is likely to bring Uncle Sam into still further attention on the part of Russian high-power salesmen. ——— Men of high financial standing frankly complain of reduced income. Perhaps Government workers on fur- lough can gather a little small change by giving expert instruction in economy. One of the notable achievements of Ven Papen is to give Germany & chance to show superior skill in handling some new complications in problems relating to state’s rights. —t— As a generous old relative, and a lover of peace, Uncle Sam is tempted to feed financlal candy in unlimited ‘a.muunhl in hope of persuading restless i European nations to behave. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. An Essential Expert. Whenever I soine work would do Which quite expensive looks, I first proceed to interview The man who keeps the books. A monarch has my high regard; A good dictator seems Sometimes, when he is working hard, The idol of my dreams. ‘The organizer in the lead Of industry so great ‘With great respect I always heed In the affairs of state. But every time you take a chance On money hooks or crooks You must consult, about finance, The man Who keeps the books, Big Job. “It takes all kinds of people to make & world,” said the ready-made phi- losopher. “How true!” agreed Senator Sor- ghum. “But it’s such a big job that it's hard to find a boss who can complete it to anybody's complete satisfaction.” Jud Tunkins says he never yet saw an argument that was ended when a crowd gave three cheers. Progression. For any debts that I hgd due, I sought a moratorium. But now for any 1. O. U. I ask a crematorium. Out of the Competition. “Did you ever enter a beauty con- test?” “No,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I have had my ambitions, of course, but my doctor warned me explicitly that the costume required might endanger my health by giving me a chill.” “A man who is truly great,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is one Who can be remembered for his merits and not for his faults.” Light and Heat. The spotlight swings from man to man troubles is due to workin’ tog hard at makin® de same old ftf | authors.” | portion. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Kenneth Grahame surely had & hap- Py literary fate. It was his prerogative to build a reputation on three volumes, contain- ing exactly the sort of thing he liked to write. While he was in no sense what one thinks of today as a “famous author,” he was a successful one, especially in the hearts and minds of those who read and loved his “The Golden Age,” “Dream Days,” and “The Wind in the Willows. These storles and sketches of child- hood are the sort of thing being done | today by another Englishman, A. A.; Milne, whose delightful books’ are to this generation what Andersen's “Fairy Tales” were to a former in a way. A great deal of honest fun has been ked at Milne, because many feel that e is a superior playwright, and has gone off on a literary tangent in writ- ing his childhood fancies and frolics. Kenneth Grahame, living and writing | in a less sophisticated age, never suf- fered from such strictures. Those who wanted to read his books did so, and those who did not simply left them alone. There is a great deal to be said for that so-called Victorian age, after all. Grahame passed out of the world the other day in London as quietly as he had lived and written He did not suffer from the incessant striving and strain which has been the worldly portion of so y writers of all kinds. Consider some of the world's “famous ‘who no sconer saw one book safely in the press, and properly pre- sented to the public, than they had to begin upon another, wanted to or not. The public was ripe, and must be struck at once, lest a “good thing” get | away. . Tl’:;e result of this, long before the age of frenzied finance, was a sort of frenzied writing. Is it possible to‘look upon the many no;ells of Charles Dickens in any other ? The ball, once started rolling, had to be kept on the move. The amazing thing is that the qual- ity of the resulting product could have been kept as high as the great Charles undoubtedly kept it. He pald for it, however. It is impossible to look at the por- traits of Dickens taken late in life with- out realizing that here was a harassed man. The sternness in that bewhiskered visage is not altogether, one may feel sure, due to the traditional force of English ideas and ideals reacting on a serious, although essentially humorous, mind. ‘The fun in the Dickens disposition was driven out, no doubt, by the inces- sant labor of preparing those gigantic stories. Domestic factors were only a ‘We would not postulate the theory that if he could have reduced the num- ber by half he would have written novels twice as good as those which the world knows and loves. ‘There is no such mathematics as that in life. Life has a way of developing genlusl in its own despite; Charles Dickens wrote many novels because it was profitable for him to do so, and he was tied up by contracts with his publishers to do so. But there is room in the world for a lelsurely writer, such as Kenmeth Grahame, and for all the writers, of all nations, who write well in addition to their other tasks. Happy are such men if they ean gain something of a literary reputation on a few good books. In the first place, it may be presumed, by any reader, that they have written exactly the sort of thing which their bent of mind and heart dictated. They have written what they wanted to write, perhaps, in a different sense from that of the master writers who wrote so many books. whether they | Of them, too, it must be sald that they wrote what they wanted to write, with this difference, that a great and instant success immediately dictated the writing of more of the same. When Dickens wrote of his Oliver Twist holding up his plate and demand- ing, “More!” he also drew a pretty good picture of the English-reading world. “More!” was the cry, and the writer was forced to supply it. In our own day J. B. Priestley turned out two such successful stories, “The Good Companions” and “Angel Pave- ment,” that the public ever since has been 'demanding another. It is forth- coming near the end of this month, after a couple of years’ wait, during which time young Mr. Priestley traveled across the United States and far into | the Pacific to get his material. It will be an interesting exercise in one's powers of appreciation to read this forthcoming novel, and to decide for one’s self whether or not the writer | wrote the book because he wanted to, out of sheer desire to tell a story, to say his say again, or whether he did it because success demanded more of the same, to wit, more Priestley. Alexandre Dumas was another pro- lific writer who wrote what he wrote largely because his public insisted upon more storles and still more stories. His genius was such & bubbling spring, however, that no amount of sheer ap- plication seemed to dim the luster of his wares. Whatever he wrote, until his last day. was infused with a sort of irresistible gayety of spirit which prevented dull- ness in any form from creeping in. He was interested himself, and that in- | sured that his proper readers would be interested. Emile Zola, on the other hand, wrote too much. His last helf dozen works, although on the surface written in ex- actly the same naturalistic manner as his greatest novels, somehow lacked | the spontaneity of the former, and al- most all of the true interest. They | were dictated by the overwhelming god, Success, who stood at the great man's | shoulder, and kept saying, “You can do it again; there is money in it and fame; go ahead!” Zola fooled himself, in his later days, by telling himself that he had various “messages” for man- kind. He was conscious of his position, whereas in the days when he was build- ing up that position he had no con- scious message, only a burning con- viction that truth and justice were the greatest things in the life of man. | All that we have written here is but an attempt to say, what curely few would dispute, that the mere bulk of |a man’s writing, if he is among the immortals, does not have any particu- |lar standing. The quantity of 1hem is | merely incidental, and at the hest rather a hindrance than a help. Dickens never wrote a better story, in some ways, then his “Pickwick Pa- pers,” nor Stevenson than his “Treasure Island.” Their subsequent books were merely a striving cf the human spirit to do it again. This striving has its place, a great and sure place, but also quietness has its place, and no doubt many a more successful writer would be willing to | admit that he euvied the deft sureness | with which Kenueth Grahame stepped |into his little limelight with his three | books, still read by old-fashioned peo- ple. Titus Carus Lucretius, better known today by his last name alone, wrote but one book of any moment, but as long as men delve backward in the living stream of books they will come upon “Of the Nature of Things” with inaudible gasps of delight. We are so used today to look upon authorship as a sorf, of game, in which | the successful prove their success by | shoveling out hooks at the rate of at | least one a year, that it is refreshing to | remember the many good writers, of | whom Mr. Grahame was one, Who took their authoriship as quietly as they did their breakfast, and who wrote when and how it pleased them. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands minister of public works has published a Teport of highwa; construction in the republic dur- ing the past year. Several hun- dred kilometers of cement paving has been laid, bringing the good roads to a total of 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles). The great central highway between Lima and Huanuco will soon be fin- ished. As far as Chosica, a distance of 40 kilometers, this road is broad and smooth, with cement paving. Fifteen kilometers remain to be constructed. A similar road is being surveyed between Arequipa and Puno and work will soon start on this project from both termini. ‘The completion of these main arteries and some tributary roads will greatly promote the transportation of fruits, produce and other tropical commodities from the interior to the seaboard and other parts of the country, enhancing both the distribution and enjoyment as well as the profits from our natural yield. . * ko ox White Ants Help Free Ceylon Prisoners. Ceylon Dally News, Colombo.—How the destructive work of white ants was responstble for the escape of three pris- oners from Wellkada Jail in the early hours of Saturday morning was related by the acting inspector general of pris- ons yesterday to a representative of the Daily News, who was assured that the men would not long be at liberty, as the whole island had been notified of the escape and the neighboring coun- tryside combed out to discover possible hiding places. Till yesterday evening, however, no clues had been discovered and the men are still at large. The method of escape was disclosed when the warders examined the cell. The iron bars of the window had been violently wrenched apart, leaving room for a man to wriggle out. An examination within showed that a ventilator frame had been removed from its place and this used as a lever to move the bars. It was found that the wooden frame of the ventilator—a perforated cast iron plate—had been eaten by white ants and a strong push had dislodged the entire frame. * x * % Culmn Boy Seeks Air Career. Diario Del Comercia, Barranquilla— Erasmo Puello G. is a boy who has been tendering his services as a me- chanic in the hangars of La Scadta. Little little Puello has become ac- quainted and enamored with all phases of the profession and now desires, ac- cording to what he told us yesterday, to polish off his studies and experience in the bangars of the Pan-American Alr Lines at Panama. Unfortunately, Puello is provided so far only with the ambition. He has no funds to defray his transportation to Panama—scarcely enough, in fact, to pay his expenses to the next corner. He would appreciate it, therefore, if we would appeal to his former assoclates and co-workers, and also to those en- EL COMMERCIO, Lima.— The gaged in other industrial and commer- | be cial pursuits, for a little pecuniary as- sistance to maintain him until he could negotiate arrangements with the Pan- American people, Puello told us thlto the crew of the had offered to pay his pas- sage that far on the journey, but he needs other aid besides. Would that Puello had conceived this notion of his a little sooner; At a time, perhaps, ‘hen his aspirations would not have , we have er for a long time. Salvationists Deplore Principle in Blue Law. The War Cry, London.—As nearly al- ways occurs when matters of religious principle or moral conduct are con- cerned, the Sunday cinemas bill pro- duced a galaxy of fine speeches. The point that comes nearest to Salvation- ists was expressed in the sentence, “It is a poor lookout for religion in this country if people are to be driven into church through excess of boredom.” Much as we deplore any tendency to secularize Sunday as well as any at- tempt to turn to profit the complex and unhelpful social conditions under which | many are compelled to live, we are con- | vinced that the only permanent way of keeping Sunday religious is to make re- ligion its most attractive feature. How can that be done, in the face of the elaborate allurements held out by the ;’ivlll'; ‘Onl‘y;m by an euthk tion of t!bel oy that springs up like a perpetual spring within the heart. A man made radiant by the indwelling of Christ has more real “pulling power” than Sun- day or any other cinemas. ! Scores Injustices in Government Service To the Editor of The Star: Through your columns I would like to call attention to a few of the abuses in Government offices. No serious com- plaint can be made of the treatment ac- corded the workers in some offices; in otRers the treatment the Workers re- | ceive is a disgrace to the United States Government. The writer knows one person who suffered & tem men- tal collapse brought on by working con- ditions allowed to exist in the office in which she was employed and by the very unfalr treatment accorded her. Another person employed in the same office died of an illness said to have been brought on, or at least augmented, by the contemptible treatment she had recelved in that office, Similar condi- tions, I am told, exist in other depart- ments. In some offices the clerks hardly know from one day to the next, even in ordi- nary times, whether they have jobs or not, and were it not for the protection of ‘members of Congress undoubtedly many deserving and capable persons would be thrown out of their positions merely because of prejudice on the 'Ban of division chiefs or the desire of these chiefs to install friends in the positions. In some departments bureau chiefs will not permit of positions being given as high classifications as they should have because, apparently, of prejudice against the persons who happen to be holding the positions, On the other hand, persons who happen to be B teges of the chiefs are promoted in both grade and salary beyond their just deserts. Moreover, it would seem that time killers are looked upon with more favor than those who try to give an honest day’s work. And during the past year, although Government officials were supposed to making efforts to economize, some of them created jobs for persons they wished to favor, thus contributing to the necessity of now furloughing per- sons who can ill afford loss in And where is the justice, or the humanity, in compelling a clerk who is 1 minute late to lose & day and & | crsug&i these evils and to provide fair and just treatment of the workers in all Gov- ernment offices. M. BROWN. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. )NE FOOT ON_THE GROUND. By O rnest Gobb, New York: G. P. Put- | nam's Sons. Education, like other traffic for hu- man benefit, needs, at intervals, to set up Stop-Look-Listen posts for both the passing and future safety of in- dividuals and the Such _a waymark, in purpose, is “One Foot on the Ground,” whose other name is “A Plea for Common Sense in Education.” Its author, pro- fessionally active in this field, is of the group of progressives that, not so many years ago, formed a society for the declared purpose of liberating the schools. Theirs to free learning from the bondage of such outworn material and processes as were causing it to lag behind the general movement of events, dimming its spirit by this long gap between then and now and hin- dering the efficiency of its effects both for the moment and for the future itself, And so the Progressives in Educa- tion set out upon their way. “The New Leaven,” by Stanwood Cobb of Washington, along with other writings of like spirit and intent, indicates the keynote of action, the pitch of this adventure. Clearly & turning point, | a departure. A reformation by design and procedure. Now reform is & temperament. Eager, ardent, impetuous, self-confident and daring. Impatient toward restraint, restless under the critical eye. Re- form is a thing of wings soaring out into the blue, likely in its high mo- ments to forget the good uses of feet, even when the feet stumble over rocky ground or plod sturdily over dull fields. So reformers, both gallant and head- strong by nature, need now and then to be reminded that feet can do many things in the places where men live that wings cannot do. And this fact came strikingly to Ernest Cobb about certain features in the work of his own family, the Progressives in Education. So looking around their own house of learning, the old saying came to this man about the general utility of clean- ing up one's own place before assailing the poor housekeeping of the neighbors. And here he goes. Fraternal and friend- ly in spirit and word, he seeks out such danger signs in the Progressive plan as, to him, seem fruitful of miscarriage in the purpose of that plan, of real dan- ger, accordingly, to the true benefits of education sought by these advocates of reform, these workers toward its ful- fillment. Looking over this fleld of progressive education, gay with bright colors of hope, brilliant with the high light of self-assurance upon it, Mr. Cobb thought he saw, here and there, dark spots upon this promising outlook. These suggested dimly some menace, or danger even, to the future of the Progressives. After the system of strict negations and inhibitions to which the earlier ublic as & whole.; education had been in bond—to which all social life had been in bond—it was only natural that the enthusiasm of the new order would drive it as far as pos- sible from that restrictive and crippling era. So it did. The new watchword instantly became “freedom to the child.” Libations were poured and other sol- emn rites performed before the ‘“cre ative spirit of the child.” And otl such liberating lingo was invented to' limn the felicities, and benfits, of the new day. And the very newest of the “new schools” became something be- tween a general pandemonium and a continuing festival of song and frolic. “The dear ljttle children” passed, each, into a fetich whose mentor was de- voted solely to the freedom of the child while its ‘“‘creative spirit” was in the throes of “making things,” of making up things. And yet Mr. Cobb saw that that school room, primary grade and uni- versity alike, was life, not different f{nm the g&ww‘d& on the street. In were constant c: for tending to the Job, the lesson job, maybe. Maybe the Job of being decent to the fellow across the aisle-street, of understanding that work and play take turns, just as they do with father and mother or the fel- lows on an outing after the week's work is done. That learning a lesson is a Job—and here the teacher falls down as often as the pupil himself. For the teacher thinks t reciting the lesson is the topnotch of the thing. Not at all. It is the approach to the lesson, the ways of seizing it, the order in wel'élch it "r"i:pgm the mind in pre- cedences of rtance, the with v;'mmwnthun be e use. No, e teacher the Tecitation is the thing that counte. But I'm running away from Mr. Cobb, who is a first-rate man to stay by, as with both feet on the ground and only appreciative and aspiring eyes east toward the blue he talks so under- standingly of this most important thing in the world—what the young ones are getting at the hands of tutors, parents, mfl:wm; of the whole whatnot of concern in the vital - topping matter of education. T ‘Mrédcoblzblelh us sive education is, what the association mn;og’x:‘%eil. in 1pm" at least, has in TRINg its purpose and plan and effects. And right here he de: plores the current call for “a painless education.” He resists it, sturdily, as allen to life itself, which is a “thorny road,” for whose pricks and stings and clutching hindrances the schools must get the boys and girls ready. The schools must be seized as life, which they are. They must be used to grow habits no different, but exactly the same, as will be needed when, school done, the boys and girls are out to meet bravely, unflinchingly, happily, courageously and in deeply friendly way the big and terrible and beautiful world that stands, waiting, for them just outside. It is this spirit that the author wants as a full baptism of modern education. A pleasant man, and an admirable talker, who in the main by story, inci- dent remembered, anecdote stored away, presents this study in {lluminating stuff and convincing logic. Some of this is family talk, for the Cobbs were a gifted New England tribe who worked and dreamed and tried out _their dreams, sometimes in failure and now and then in something far from that unhappy climax. Idealists, all of them, as our own schoolmaster (?), Stan- wood Cobb, here in Washington, sug- gests. But, luckily, there is such & creature as &n alist who believes that his Utopia must be earned, must be paid for in actual work, and that it is not a free gift of the gods to certain of their favored children. Throughout this serious and stirring book. it is the gospel of orderly effort that is advo- cated. And the beautiful point to this theory is that nobody is more zealous and delighted with exactly that sort of actiyity than “the child” himself. You know that and so do I. Nobody keener to sense that he is ebing cajoled and babied into effort than he. Nobody craftier to elude such . pedagogic charlatanry than he, even the primary r. In fact, this entire book is, in effect, & plea for an upstanding fair deal to puplls Who know exactly when they are getting the money's worth and when they are not. Not a good figure to use right there, but I'm fom( to let it stand That is what It is, after all. Something is said here about rivalries in education, about mwmmn 5 from that to college and to university. A silly practice. Each has enough to its own yard, to deliver wn fair quality and weight hm.nhq = that the e Progressive Association itself is & bit ved over the plain in this Boa by one uplu cnmmmbvn. tance, of serious intent, of definite plan, of clear objective, is not nn!‘tmdy for competent ml;uunn in its behalf, but is ready even for positive disagreement with some of its activities. Provided, always, that these are given in the sincere desire to give tfl;h tial assist- ance. To be sure, book, critical but constructively eritical, will start Wwhat this progres- | ti This is a special to the handling of inquiries. You have at your disposal an extensive organiza- tion in Washington to serve you in any capacity that relates to information. ‘Write your question, your name and your address clearly, and inclose 3 cents in coin or stamps for replv. Send to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D. C. Who was the first base Q ball | player to steal base by sliding into the bag?—A. M. A. Robert Addy of Rockford, TIL, is credited in 1866 with the first, although some historians accord the honor to Ed- die Cuthbert of the Philadelphia Key- stones, saying he stole third in 1865. Q. What blood relation to Franklin Roosevelt is his wife?—L. V. L. A. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt is the | niece of the late Theodore Roosevelt and is therefore the fifth cousin once removed of her husband, Pranklin Roosevelt. Her father, Elliott and Theodore Roosevelt were fifth cousins of Franklin Roosevelt. Q. In China do automobiles use left or right hand driving?—L. R. A. In China the cars are driyen | from the right side and the- rule of the road is to the left. Q. Please glve the total cost of each Government department.—G. R. B. A. In 1931 they were as follows: De- partment of Agriculture, $296,865,944.69; Department of Commerce, $61477,- 117.63; Department of the Interior, $71,500,359.20; $44,835,003.11 $12,181,885. 071,004.1 $145,725,910.71; $16,024.646.48; Treasury Department, $1,346,850,037.49, and War Department, $489,241,835.68. Q. How is the water prepared for Department cf Labor, Navy Department, $354.- blowing soap bubbles so that the bubbles | have greater elasticity?>—I. L. W. A. Glycerin is usually added. 1,000 pafts of water add 25 parts white herd soap and 15 parts glycerin. Q. To what officials is the title “Hon- orable” applied?—J. J. A. In the United States the title is used loosely, being given by cour- tesy to almost any one who holds or who has held important public office. It is especially bestowed on members of Congress, Governors, State legislators, Jjudges of higher courts and high Fed- eral officials. Q. Of what were the original tiles used in the floor of the east portico of Mount_Vernon made?—C. S. A. These tiles were imported by Wash- ington in 1786. They were of & soft sandstone. Q. How long has Finland been inter- ested in athletics?>—M. G. A. Organized gymnastics did not be- come known in Finland until the late 70s of the last century. The most popu- lar branches of athletics are skiing, long-distance running and other track and fleld events and wrestling. Recent- ly rifie shooting and a game adapted from American base ball have achieved popularity. Q. How is transportation paid for malil going abroad?—V, B. . If mail is to be sent on ships the Post Office Department pays for the mail by the pound in bulk. For mail being carried on privately-owned_ ships it pays 80 cents per pound for letters and 8 cents per pound for parcel post. When such mail is carried by foreign ships it pays 26.3 cents per pound for letters and 3.5 cents per pound for par- department devoted | Department of Justice, | Post Office Department, | Department of State, | To | cel post. There are no Government ships that carry mail. Q. How can rosebuds be kept from opening as soon as they are cut and put | in water?—M. E. W. ‘ A. Ice in the water retards the - ing of buds, as does dipping the | in parafin. | VQ. ‘What is meant by opportunism?— | V. M. B. | A. It is defined as the act, policy or practice of taking advantage, as in poli- tics, of opportunities or eircumstances, or often of seeking immediate advan- | tage with little regard for ultimate con- uence. Q. What party i¥ now control - land?E. A1, Rl A. The Cpalition party, formed by | Premier J. Ramsay MacDonald in the | Fall of last vear, is no¥: the party in | control in Great Britain. This party iwas formed by Premier MacDonald | after the defeat of his Labor | and includes members of all three of | the leading political parties of Great | Britain—the "Labor, Conservative and | Laveral. Q. Who built the mansion in Arling- | ton National Cemetery?—C. W. S, A. The Lee Mansion at Arlington was | designed and built by George Washing- | ton Parke Custis, the adopted son of ‘gvoe&rgbe“ Wuhiagt&n. ':‘h; mansion has | n restored and furnish | period furntture. i b | Q ;}ieue give a biography of Admirae | von Hipper, commander at th | ot Amul;nd.—n. G. 8. 9, Ratie . Franz von Hipper was born | Wellheim, Germany, on Sej l‘l‘. | 1863. He entered the German Navy in 1881 and became flag officer and com- mander of the first group of battle cruisers in 1912. Took leading part in battles at the Dogger Bank on January 24, 1915, and at Skagerrak on May 31, 1916. Was promoted to the nn{ admiral and chief of the battle fleet : 1918, Retired after the war, « Q How many State coun are held?—B, b, e A. In 1929 there were 3,876 county e t of Ag- All the States holdSiase later figures are available, et 25000 foc treveitng is returning $15,000 of hz nhrym' H‘govu: ‘Treasury this year, Q. Is it custos sports- MANS Service I & CAtBedrAII—R A. It is most unusual. Such a service l(‘b]e(lilelt;]edmm be one of the firat) was €l ay in Chy ekt y elmsford Cathedral, Q. Is the word “cavalier” Spanish French?—M. B, Er * It was originally from Span- ish, but this is a l"nnch‘fz:frn. It means “horseman” or “knight.” Q. Is it true that in Baltimore building is done on land leased ‘l.:l! years and at the end of that improved property reverts to ow:ers or to the city?—W. F. . These leases usually contain clause “renewable forever,” so that they are really perpetual. The ides they run out in 99 years has caused a great deal of useless trouble. Q. What was the distance at which duelists stood when they fought?—C. C. A. The distance in a duel was 10 or | 20 paces or a distance agreed upon. Federal Home Loan Measure Believed Wise Legislation ‘The loss of homes into which fam- ilies have uf“t the earnings of years, it is believed by the country, will be averted through the Federal home loan bill passed by Congress before adjourn- ment. Beneficial results fn the whole fleld of home building and financing are forecast as likely to come from this plan, by which the Government enters a new fleld, bringing it into contact | with the affairs of the average citizen. “Nothing in the depression has been sadder,” says the Youngstown Vindi- cator, “than the sight of families los- ing homes into which they had put the savings of a lifetime, because they could no longer make payments on their mortgages. The home loan banks which are to be erected under the new bill will assist and protect home owners and so reduce to a minimum one of the great injustices which this unhappy time has revealed.” The Topeka Daily Capital declares that the bill “has been accepted by building and loan associa- lons as a valuable contribution to home owning and building; it has been close to Mr. Hoover’s heart and is one of his own projects,” while the Altoona Mirror, holding that “any program that promotes home ownership is good American doctrine,” describes the measure as “one of these achievements, becoming more frequent in recent years, which mark a closer contact of the citizens at large with their Gov- ernment in Washington.” “Several European countries,” states the Lexington Leader, “have had the system in operation for a good while with the best results. The Government has for a long time been engaged in financing farm lands, and there seems to be no logical objection to any sound | scheme which extends the same serv- ice to the family wishing to buy a home. There is a great need for it and no one can say that it is not proper to give equal treatment to rural and urban roperty. This measure will bring new Plope to many thousands of citizens and prove to be a factor in turning back the tide of prosperity by restoring ct fidence and stimulating construction.’ “The new banks,” according to the Houston Chronicle, “will not immedi- ately flood the market with credit, of course. Their establishment will take some time, and then the relief will be given through the concerns and insti- tutions now dealing in securities on homes. However, the rediscount facili- ties provided for these institutions will enable them to thaw frozen assets, will enable them to extend loans where present home owners can't pay, and at the same time be in a position, with the money secured on rediscount, to make further loans. Thus, all evi- dence is to the effect that the new finance measure will bring early benefit, | and be a real factor in stimulating building enterprise. Whether the more far-zeaching hopes of loan people will or will not be realized, there can be little doubt that we can be thankful for a certain assured measure of mort- ge rellef and construction stimula- “As & relief to the general financial situation,” thinks the Philadelphia Eve- ning Bulletin, “the provision of & spe- cific credit resource for the service of home borrowing would liquefy a lot of comment, even argument. And that is fine. One of these days some one is going to say that the system of ex- ations as lt’ 1& unow ;yai':inegw;&d practiced is as futile as oul 3 and that the custom of holding children Mnymfmm%omwnnmthc suc- grade is a bit of penal barbarity that should have moved out of school economics several thousand years ago, provided that schools bearing any resemblance whatever to the modern pattern existed then or permitted such unethical, uneducational and even un- enlightened practices as these. One of these days when some one does mention these two vain scholastic pract! d another one or two besides—what a clamor of indignant dissent will gather around this simple mention of an over- and system of modern (?) education. ~* “frozen eredit in the banks of the coun. try. As a’result of this creation of new credit reservoir the entire fleld home mortgage enterprise in the States would be eased out of its tangle. An example of what might be of this bill is indicated in the initial move of the Young Committee of indus- | trialists and financiers in New York for the buttressing of the Savings and Loan Bank of New York State, which is a | mortgage rediscount agency. Leading | New York banks have underwritten | $10,000,000 of the bonds of this bank, in the full belief that it is the key for the unlocking of an important corner in the fangle” “While the theory of T the act is based. - siates the SHFInGAGH (Mass) Republican, “is that capital Xorulg thugmm become mln.fllble eventually ew ction of houses, evident that the lmmedl‘nu ob:ecuyg ’a: to stop the wave of mortgage fore- closures and auction sales of homes throughout the country. The Federal Government thus goes into the business of rediscounting real estate m That much may be done to stop real estate deflataion in the present emer- | gency is probably true, and the act was | passed by Congress under the urgency of the crisis without enthusiasm. The Senate amended the bill so that the capital of $125,000,000 subscribed by the Treasury would be subject to retirement through later subscriptions by private financial institutions. Time will deter- mine whether such a shift from public | to private control will ever take place or whether, as a system, the Federal home loan banks will be permanent. The implications of their permanence under Government ownership are mnot | no.;lvh widely understood.” e Newark Evening News polni | out that, “unlike other features of n: Hoover relief program put through by the Congress, this bill has a Ppermanent purpose.” Referring to descriptions of it as “a PFederal Reserve system for financing American homes,” the Eye- ning News explains that “membership in the home loan banks is restricted to savings banks, insurance companies, building and loan associations and like organizations having & mutual chaye | acter,” and that “a Senate amendment to include national and State banks, mortgage companies and other instity- | tions conducted for profit was elimi~ | nalttedjsmltg;s n':;J ‘Conference. | ndica Yy the press | there will be extensive national tlllcm?'.uE ‘;inn g‘fnthle rider attached to this bil | provi or extes | u: foun nsion of the currency | S |Buy So That Others | May Have Employment To the Editor of The Star: Will you give a little space to these | tew lines? meeytab-:ux. 1 | have always pald my debts promptly and am now doing the same thing but in so doing I have deprived myself of all luxuries, new clothes, en and no vacations. I am not saving a cent—in fact, using the have to meet'my small eexl;lfe%'u:m"" v people I know are not spen ————— Get Them Going and Coming. Prom the Goshen b-uysn::-m More than i half of the customers tax. g‘l‘l:mumwnvoldethncm Congress outguessed_them °f::'1 e e on that The Cow Prol From the Toledo Blade. drops wallet containing $770. Cow finds and eats it. Here's a test of the dairyman's fe leeding that pucm’?:m“:,m“."m‘n