Evening Star Newspaper, July 23, 1932, Page 4

F A—4 ¥ TIiE EVENING o= _ __ _———— THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY........July 23, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor ——eee The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofice: 11th St. and Pennsylvants Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. | ghicaso ffice: Lake Michican Building. ropean Office: 14, Regent St.. Londos, England. IS Rate by Carrier Within the City. o Evening Sta giag 10 PeF month o Evening and (when 4 Bundays) . ... - .60c per menth. The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) The Sunday Star .. Collection made at t! Orders may be sent in by mal NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Mar,land and Virginia. vr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ Vi $3800: 1 mo. s0c $4.00. 1 mo.. 40¢ each 1l or telepnone ily only . 8unday only All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday..lyr.$12.00; 1 mo., 8! Dailv only . yr., $8.00: 1 me Sunday only 1yr. $5.00: 1 mo 1.00 8¢ 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. ociated Press is exclusively entitled o the use for republication of all news ris- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in ¢ per and elso the local rews published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = — Evacuation Postponed. In withdrawing their order for the evacuation of shington's public places by the bonus veterans without any specific explanation of the rezsons, the District Commissioners have con- fused the situation in the public mind to an extent that requires early settle- ment. It is stated that the postpone- ment of the order was due to the ne- cessity of meeting “certain possible legal requirements.” In response to an in- quiry as to why these legal requirements were not obtained before the evacua- tion order was issued the answer was given that it was not deemed neces- sary. Between the original order and its cancellation came a letter from the chief of police to the Commissioners, which has not beer. made public, but which it is understood conveyed a caution that an attempt to execute the order might lead to riot and bloodshed. ‘The spaces occupied by the bonus marchers are with few exceptions Federal proporty. Strictly speaking the jurisdiction over these spaces rests with the United States and not with the District Commissioners, save as the latter are given delegate authority for the ordinary police <es. Ap ion of the resistance of the Commissioners’ original order to the | evoking a riot is probably | 1ll-founded. Despite the repeated dec- | laration of the leader of the largest| group tat they wil in Washing- ton incefinitely regardless of any orders or persuasions to leave, it is to be be-; lieved that as soon as specific command | 1s given for the evacuatio: empted and allotted ar will depart. It of course, in the last degree de- sirable that there should be no conflict. Indeed, the entire m of the au-| thorities in dealing with these men has | been based upon that reguirement. There have been numerous provocations | for the ecxercise of force, but the situa- tion has been o capably handled tha n of a few arrests | ¢ been made to dem- | ouse and else- | members of the National Home Owner- onstrate at where, the L been raised against thes: legislation. Too much given to Gen. G ford, chief of police, | for his tect and skill in maintaining | order and the avcidance of situations | requiring drastic measures. i The hope is that there will be no de- | lay in securing th which are now indicated as forthcom- | ing to permit and compel the evacua- | tion of the camps shortly. At this sea- | petition son of the year there is constant danger | the way, is a huge volume of work) of an outbreak of disease at these places | for which the taxpayers collectively | of congestion, pocr sanitation and in- adequate subsistence. As has been re- | peatedly pointed out, there can be no advantage to the marchers in rematning | in Washington. Their leacership, which | seeks to keep their ranks unbroken for | an indefinite stay at the Capital, is fll- | advised and actually injurious. It may | be the purpose to challenge the authori- | nt at hic ponstbility for any ngs that may ensue | pon the leaders and their misguided followe E ——————— | force must be | “would have no other course but to attack Peiping, Chang Hsleu-Liang’s! base.” Here we another catastrophe such as those which have s0 remomelessly seén the Japanese flag planted ever more deeply in the heart of China, while the war- weary and depression-racked “‘open- door” powers view with alarm, but do nothing about it. Unquestionably there are wheels within wheels in the Jehol business, as there always are in connec- tion with these chronic messes in chaotic China. Jehol is a producer of rich opium revenue. It is prolific in coal, oil and timber resources. Marshal h. |Chang Hsleu-Liang is at loggerheads with the anti-Nationalist Gov. Tang of Jehol, and controversy over revenue loot more likely than not is at the root of their feud. But behind and coincident with all these purely Chinese currents and cross- currents looms, in the vision of the world beyond Asia, the figure of Japan, reaching ceaselessly for more and more power oyer her sprawling, inchoate neighbor. The Japanese are apparently convinced that noth- ing more formidable than League of Nations resolutions obstructs their plans. That seems to be clear from the circumstance that the threat to “round out” Nippon’s grasp on Man- choukuo by absorbing Jehol synchro- nizes with the presence in Tokio of the Lytton Commission of Inquiry, sent by the Leacue to investigate the legality of Japanese procedure in Manchuria. e Home Loay Banks. President Hoover's signature affixed yesterday to the home loan bank bill opens up a much needed field of credit for the protection of home owners and of credit for those who desire to become such. It provides a national system to do for home owners very much what the Federal Reserve system does for commercial business. The banks set up under the new law will be discount banks for various kinds of associations holding mortgages on homes, including building and loan associations, savings banks and insurance companies. With these discount facilities, extending to them a volume of credit which hitherto has not been available, building and loan ascoclations, savings banks and insurance companies, investors in home mortgages, will be in a position to ex- tend much needed credit when war- ranted to the individual home owners. Under the law from eight to twelve of these home loan banks are to be established in different parts of the country. They will have a total capital of $125,000,000, to be subscribed ini- tially by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Eventually, however, the members of the home loan bank sys- absorb this capitalization, for memi must become subscribers to the stock of these banks. The opera- tion of the new system will be under the direction of a Federal home loan board in Washington, but the individ- ual banks will be guided in their opera- tions by boards of directors chosen from the sections and communities in | which they are located. President Hoover recommended the setting up of the home loan bank sys- tem in a statement issued by him last November, feliowing consultation with hip Conference. It is a far-reaching for | plan. At present, it is estimated by the aise cannot be | advisers of the President, there are communities in which from $300,000,- 000 to $500,000,000 ghay be expended for building new homes for their people, | proviced credit facilities can be found. Under the new system this credit can “legal Tequirements” | be found, and when it is assured a!business man who did not take a tremendous amount of construction, giving employment to thousands of workers, will be undertaken. This, by will not be called upon to pay, but which in the end will represent private capital, increasing the value of all property in the United States. In the final hours of the considera- tion of this bill an amensment Was written in by the Senate providing for | an expansion of currency. This pro- vision permits national banks to issue ational bank notes against Govern- ment bonds paying up to 3% per cent interest. Under the old law this priv- ilege was limited to Government bonds paying no more than two per cent in- terest. The President, after consulta- have the tragic elements of! Opinions scem to differ in Germany | 1T The Br et B ety 8s to whether Hindenburg cCntinues 10 peooriment, geclared that this amend- be a vital force in government Of ORIy L one ooy practical matter would lead e wn o I to little, if any, expansion of the cur- ‘rency. and, although the amendment Adjournment enabled Congress to| was regarded as & step backward and have its own way in a highly important matter with ro fear whatever of a veto. ————— | Japan and Jehol. | Observers and students of Far East- ern events during the past week have | had to familiarize themselves with a | new bit of the confusing geographical entity known as China. The Province of Jehol, in inner Mongolia, lying north of the old capital of Peiping and on| the Southwestern border of Manchuria, is the latest portion of the Chinese Tealm to break into the news from that unhappy region. Japan, as is hardly surprising, is the cause. The war lords now comprising the Japanese govern- | ment are accused of plotting to “round out” the puppet State of Manchoukuo by formally incorporating Jehol with- in it. Toklo claims that Jehol really does not have to be annexed to Man- choukuo, as it always has been terri- torially part of it—Japan merely plans to move into “the last unoccupied sec- tion of Manchuria,” & contention vehe- mently contested at Nanking. As it was the blowing up of a railway line and indignities cffered Japanese | army officers in Manchuria last Septem- | ber that became the pretext for and eventuated in today’s Japan-controlled situation in the vast northern provinces, 50 it 1s another isolated episcde, insig- nificant in fitself, that motivates Jap-; anese designs on Jehol. A “liaison | officer,” Capt. Gonshiro Ishimoto, was kidnaped in Jehol by Chinese bandits. To accomplish his rescue and ecnforce punitive measures, the Japanese gov- ernment instituted extersive military movements. These not unnaturally were looked upon by the Chinese as a mere pretext for administering more of the medicine of invasion and occupaticn which Japan forced down China’s throat last Fall and Winter. Marshal Chang Hsieu-Liang's army in Jehol having indicated that it would resist | any Japanese attempt to mop up the province by force, Tokio military au- thorities promptly announce that if there is any clash with Chang's.troops the Qapanese garrison in Tientsin away from the Federal Reserve system, he signed the bill. e Debt, local as well as international, represents one subject that depends on accurate theorizing. Experience can be relied on only to a very limited degree. v e A third party is always demanded by those who belleve that in politics there should be more than two sides to an argument. ——r—————— Still Strong for “Teddy.” Human memory 1s short. Forgetting! Especally in' facts is a constant trait. these days of the widest spread of in- formation the world has ever known, through print, effective because of well- nigh universal literacy in so-called civilized regions, and through radio, effective because even the illiterate can hear and understand. Despite these factors of immediate and widespread announcement of happenings the ten- ‘dency to forget or to misunderstand persists. Just now a case is in point that re- vealsan astonishing misconception of the identity of the Democratic candi- date for the presidency, Gov. Franklin D. Reosevelt of New York. It has been repeatedly stated that he is the fifth cousin of the late Theodore Roosevelt, former Governor of New York and former President of the United States, who died January 6, 1919, thirteen and 8 half years ago. Nevertheless, Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt is now being over- whelmed—wearied, she acknowledges in a statement—by messages congratulat- ing her upon the nomination of her husband by the Democratic party. These messages, by letter and by telegram, have reached her from all parts of the country. They are not from evidently ignorant persons. They are couched in terms that disclose, on {he contrary, a higher than average of intelligence on the part of their senders. Yet these people have forgotten that Theodore Roosevelt is dead and have also forgotten, if they knew, that only a remote degree of kinship existed be- tween him and the present Governor of New York, the nominee of the Demo- of the writers mentioned Gov. Roose- velt as Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt's own cousin. A familiar commentary upon human forgetfulness is expressed in the say- ing that many Americans in certain sections of the country are “still voting for Andrew Jackson” for President. This may be hyperbole, but it iflustrates the tendency to cling to past impres- sions. The question of some importance in this connection is whether any con- siderable number of people will in No- vember cast their ballots for the present Governor of New York in the belief that they are voting for the “Teddy” of their affectionate memory. British Mystery Story Tellers. Fergus Hume, one of the most pop- ular and prolific writers 'of detective stories in England, has just died at the age of seventy-three. He is the second | of the British mystery school authors to pass away within a short period, the other being Edgar Wallace, who died February 10 last. Hume had a record of one hundred and thirty-seven tales of this character and Wallace two hun- dred. Hume began in 1887 with a story that sold for fifty pounds and which ran to more than half a million copies. Though he gained no royalties from this immense circulation, he acquired a fame which brought him rich rewards eventually. He had aspired to distinc- tion as a poet, but publishers had re- fused a book of his poems on the ground that he must make a name for himself first. The success of his first mystery story changed his literary aspiration and from that time until his retirement six years ago he wrote three and some- times four “thrillers” a year. Edgar Wallace was a more prolific writer, having turned out in addition to two hundred novels about fourteen hundred short stories and twenty plays. His industry was extraordinary. He made enormous sums from his writings, but was a spendthrift to the extent that he really needed guardianship to pro- tect him from his own foliles. He left a ridiculcusly small estate in view of his | long continued afuence. These British story tellers have de-| veloped an effective technique. Both Wallace and Hume were able to hold their readers with even preposterous plots by virtue of their craftsmanship. They were both vivid character creators. their stories being full of interesting | people who, though they fell into well | recognized cetegories, were always life- | like and gave the tales a realistic quality. | —————— Chicago has progressed wonderfully | and interds to keep going. The tempo- | rary stringency of finances in that city finds comfort in the ship canal prep- arations which will make Lake Mich- igan rank as a near relation of the Atlantic Ocean and give Chicago a |1oTge measure of importance as a | landing place for sea-going vessels. et | Aid for the railroads is beirg can- didly requested. Government owner- ship is no longer seriously suggested, the Government already having more | business than it can profitably con- | duct. ) Sclentists are often compelled to admit a certain confusion of mind. At present arguments presented in the name of political economy often take on the aspect of narrow commercial bargaining. | — e Possibly Senator Borah belongs to the old and highly respected type of chance on allowing alcohol to inter- fere with important financial negotia- tions. oo New Jersey police would be pardoned if they wished for the days of good old Summertime when their most con-| spicuous responsibility was the measure- | ment of seashore costumes by the rules | of propriety. — ra————— A posse has been organized by ranch- | ers near Loveland, Colo.,, to pursue a | bear that has made inroads on the stock. Wall Street will wish them luck. R SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Self-Persuasion. O'er matter let mind Assert the control. How idle we find This fretting the soul! ‘The thermometer lles With its ninety degrees, And the mercury’s rise Means a blow or a freeze. The dust in the street Is the eddying snow, And there’s comfort complete As the winds come and go. Our sorrows are few As the Summer drifts by, Since nothing is true But the flowers and the sky. Proprictorship. “You told me you hadn't any mos- quitoes,” said the Summer boarder, re- ‘proachfully. “I hadn't,” replied Farmer Contossel. Them you see floatin’ around come frem S1 Perkins' place. They ain't mine.” Jud Tunkins says his automobile un- expectedly quits work and demands more money, the same as if it had | human intelligence. Present-Day Poetry. We have no poets nowadays, No gentle warblers whom we praise For their imaginatior. . Yet Truth and Fancy, hand in hand, Are found abroad in our great land In many a fine oration. Pride of Possession. “Every man is entitled to his own “Of course,” replied Miss Cayenne, “but opinions are sometimes like small children. The worse the impression they make the prouder their parents seem. My friend says he never used to pay any attention to talk about the wicked- ness of wealth until so many bootleggers started in getting rich. Finality. When balloting has settled fair Each problem now proposed, The public may at last declare Thz incident is closed. “De man, who always laughs at trouble,” said Uncle Eben, “may be a philosopher; an’ den ag'in J¢ may have & powerful pore sense of humor.” cratic party for the presidency. One| AR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1932. THIS AN BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Man proposes, but God disposes,” goes the saying. Robert Burns had a few words to say about “the best laid plans of mice and men.” All such aphorisms are illustrated in humble ways, as well as in mighty. One has but to start a water lily pool in his back yard to find out that Na- ture often steps in and alters things. Especially if one thoughtlessly plants a cattall, Typha latifolia. This is a variety of bulrush, famous since ancient times, still very much in vogue for use in making rush seats and £0_on. When a plant of it is placed in the lily pool, it is a rather innocent look- ing affair, with seversl tall slender sword-ltke leaves, resembling those of the iris or giadiolus. 1t is just a bog plant like any other bog plant, the beginning water gar- dener, as he calls himself with pride, reasons with himself. There is no reason to be afraid of the cattail, for surely a water lily can take care of itself. Well, maybe it can, in its native pond, but it is a far cry from a natural pond, with a surface many square yards in extent, and the limited circumfer- ence of the small artificial pool in & arden. The cattail bounds. The gardening heart rejoices in it, | despite its invasion of the remainder of | the pool, and especiaily of that portion of it deeded to the water lily. In-two months the water lly pool becomes a cattail pool. Even the sturdiest advocate of lilies, | in all their glorious beauty, is forced to | admit that, in the survival of the fit-| test, the cattail is a true feline. Although this pool was planned from | the beginning with a water lily in mind, | the cattail has demonstrated its effi- ciency by deliberately hogging the nu- | triment which was buried beneath thet sand. Placed in the first place at one ex- treme side of the pool, the Typha lati- | folia proceeded to send up several long green leaves, more nearly resembling | those of the Japanese iris than any- thing else, to a height of nearly 6 feet. This was not enough, however. No sooner was this done than the | grows by leaps and | | water. D THAT now entirely surrounded by the upright- wing s of vegetable matter wn as bul leaves. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. ‘War psychology in its many forms has been the subject of novels, plays and essays ever since the World War began and at the present time there | The typical “cattalls” from which | seems to be an increase rather than a the plant gets its name, will come along | later. For the present the rush is devoting lu"!elufielymnnly to crowding out the waterlily. n’g:-:’emydnunotloduhlvp!u Several of its pads are split down the center and some chow brown rusty patches on the upper surface. One sees that it will be only a short time now, at the present rate of mfi: before the cat-tail has taken over pool for keeps. Then the water-lily, which was in- tended to be the centerpiece, as it were, of the entire aggregation, will be dis- tm.f_‘tly nurx:ior, orlzovgx non-existent. he gardener u) this cl with interest. o e Perhaps 1t is not as he willed it, but at least it is something. Why would not a clgufl pool be as .good as a_ waterlily pool? Acter all, waterlilies geltly resemble many other flowers, owing most of the vogue which present-day gardeners have accorded them to their habit of grow: ing in water and floating on the same. Surely that is a great deal, enough in itself to account for the esteem in which the varieties of Nymphae are held by flower lovers everywhere. Waterlilics, however, have & great deal more in their favor, of course. Chief of these is the beauty of the blos- soms, the fragrance and the appeal of the heart-shaped floating leaves. Many a gardener, however, has been forced to let his pool go as Nature wanted it to go. It is not bad garden practice to let Nature take charge of affairs, either; she has been in the business for many years and ought to know, and does know, more or less, what she is doing. No home owner should feel abused, therefore, if the cattail plant in his pool takes over the entire expanse of There are a great many more unattractive plants. Many which are more beautiful, in sheer terms of beauty, yet are not as interesting, or as sturdy in their habits of growth. Health in a plant is as cheerful a thing to watch as it is in children or their elders. There is one school bulrush prepared to take possession of | of thought even which depicts beauty the entire pool by right of its immense root system. The water gardener will know about | that root system next time and make allowances for it. One has to learn by experience, how- | ever, in a great many cases. There is a great deal of question whether there | is any other sort of knowledge which is | as _good. The next time he decides to plant a cattail, he sees, the best thing to do would be to confine its roots in a pot and then place the pot in the pool. ‘This strategy ought to put a severe quietus on the growth of any ordinary | cattail. | As it fs, with the entire pool bed at its service, the one specimen of cat- tail in the miniature garden has grown to a quartet. The new trio is the result of one week's growth Even as each shoot. or collection of | leaves, started from the bottom, it was round and compact, almost as sturdy as | the parent plant. Within a week a height of almost 2 feet had been attained. Plenty of water, plenty of sunshine— what more could a Typha latifolia want, evidently? “Nothing!” falrly shouted the happy plant. It was growing all over, much to the | chagrin of the water lily, whose leaves, | occupying the center of the pool, were ' as health and scarcely anything more. The common cattail is a healthy plant, one which belongs by right in its habitat and which seems to be fully as well pleased with its tiny pool as if it were growing with thousands of others in a marsh. It does not whine about its loneli- ness, or isolated condition or former splendor when it was one among thou- sands, but starts out determinedly to duplicate those conditions as far as the very edges of the space will permit. Hence, after attaining a height of 6 feet it begins to send out other leaves, evidently spreading by root growth underground, just as many land | plants do, which send up shoots, or suckers, as they are sometimes called, far out'from the original plant. Soon this little pool, intended solely as a lily pond, with other plants as adornments, will be a cattail pool, with lily obligato. The optimistic gardener regrets his lily only slightly. This cattail, with its lush growth, ought to more than make up_for it. He will have something unique in pools, something not seen every day and in every yard. That will be a satisfaction. Perhaps there are too many water lilies in the world as it is and not enough cattails. Whereupon the legions of typha latifolia, stretching around the world, give three rousing cheers, or rather meows. England and Ireland Amaze America by Economic Fight Public opinion stands amazed at the economic war that threatens between | Great Britain and Ircland. The merits| of the case are considered as not having | sufficient weight to justify so serious an | upset to the trade relations of the two countries in these unprecedented times of hardship in the world. The situation is thus analyzed by the Toledo Blade: “A moratorium on an- nuities owed by the Irish Free State to | Great Britain is declared by Eamonn de | Valera. The amount due is disputed, | and, the Irish President says, economic conditions are such that payment is impossible. Great Britain picks up the shillalah and slaps a 100 per cent tariff on imports from Ireland, chiefly meat and other food supplies. * * * In justi- fication of the retaliatory measure it has taken, the British Parliament ex* plains that Great Britain financed a huge deal, by which British land own- | ers turned over their extensive holdings to Irish Free State farmers, with stipu- lation for payment on the installment | plan. The bargain is not denied. That is down in black and white.” The Blade, however, paints out further: “But neither can there be any question of the war debts owed by some Euro- pean nations to the United States. At this time, in those countries, as in Ireland, the ability to pay has been impaired. That materially changes the situation.” The Ohio paper concludes that the whole question “should be re- examined in all its aspects in order that it may be determined whether the Free State’s moral obligation to pay has not been modified by world conditions be- yond the control of any one nation.’ * Xk %k X As to the method of this examina- tion, however, the two countries are at odds. Ireland is willing to submit the question to arbitration, but only to an “international ~commission, in the meantime paying the annuities into an impounded fund,” as stated by the Boston Transcript, while to this propo- “the British government Te- sponds that it will submit it to an arbitration of the Briish dominions. but not one containing foreign member- ship.” The Transcript points out: “Such a solution, of course, involves Irish assent to the main proposition that it is_definitely still within the empire. The position taken by Mr. de Valera and his government duly constituted by the people of the Irish Free State is that Ireland is practically independent.” The question, “What the peaceful solution?” interests the ‘Transcript. Conceding that “for each of the steps in_this suicidal conflict a po- litical spellbinder can, no doubt, make what, In its immediate setting, seems a plausible case,” the Baltimore Sun comments: “It is said that Mr. de Valera has some impressive legal back- ing for the position that the Free State should not pay the land annuities, and his party has long taken that position. But he made the kickoff in the present row in needlessly provocative terms, to have the British government hastily ac- cept the challenge on the same emo- tional plane and rush into a battle rdless of the plausibility of Ireland to martyr herself under the present sorry condition of the world over issues that lend themselves readily to negotiation and arbitration,” is the contention of the Providence Evening Bulletin, which also feels, however, that “it would be nonsensical for Great Brit- ain to pursue the economic war further if a settlement can be reached.” * ok k¥ The Danbury Evening News sees the Free. State as “the greater loser” and declares that “unless a much-to-be-de- sired compromise can be reached be- tween the two countries it means that 10 years of peaceful government and friendly relations between Britain and the Free State that marked the Cos- grave administration are to be lightly thrown away and the Free State's eco- nomic dificulties rendered more acute.” In the opinfon of the St. Joseph Ga- zette, ‘“economically, England is far more important to Ireland than Ireland is to Englaned, and in this age eco- nomic facts are much more potent than political sentiment,” while the Youngstown Vindicator holds that “peace and good will mean so much to both countries that it is impossible to believe that they will let their dif- ference come to the point of an open break; neiher can afford it. As to the position of the Irish people, “to whom,” declares the Appleton Post- Crescent, “for many generations the sympathies of the world have gone out, as they have naturally found their way to every oppressed people,” there is some diversity of opinion. The Post- Crescent, commenting on the present situation, states: “The formation of the Irish Free State with the consent of the great majority of its people seemed the end of its constant disputes with Great Britain. Under the treaty the Free State is as free as Canada, and Canada is freer than the United States. But the Irish are living up to their reputation for fondness for politi- cal issues as well as fearlessness of the consequences of a struggle. of President Cosgrave was becoming irksome. Things were so quiet. Every one was working and the land was much too happy. Now they face ruin or retreat, a loss of material things or humiliation.” To the Springfield (Mass.) Daily Republican the situation appears in a somewhat different light, as it comments: “The farmers of Ire- land are not cheering. England is their best customer and they see no prospect of a substitute. Cattle sales dwindled alarmingly at the news that the nego- \Aun:ans wm:k ll':lifnhnd had broken off. steam packet e plying between the islands is planning A lay up some of its vessels, which will throw crews out of employment. The anxiety and gloom of a decade ago are spreading. Which country will be harder hit and which can stand the pounding the longer is less important than the fact that in an economic war of this kind everybody loses.” ‘The rule x o x % As to a solution, the Hartford Daily ‘Times feels that “when Irish trade feels the handicap of the new British tariff sufficlent pressure may be bear on the President to make further concessions as to settling the issue With London.” The Providence Evening Bul- letin suggests: “A general election in the Free State holds possibilities of 35 | bringing moderate opinion more strong- ly to dominate the unhappy situation. Unless Mr. de Valera is willing to en- ter negotiations on reasonable terms the pressure of public opinion in Ireland is bound to exercise itself for such an election as the economic war starts to make its hurts felt.” The Cincinnati Times-Star _thinks “it is not to be wondered at that Ram- say MacDonald has invited Eamonn de Valera to London for one of those pri- vate peace conferences in which the prime minister is so adept. To prevent Ireland from upsetting the imperial ap&hurt will demand quite as much patience, tact and ingenuity as the hard-working MacDonald lately played at Lausanne.” Manual Mastery. PFrom the Miam! Daily News. One of our bridge e: is into the movies, ghg:mxpe;hw i quire film fame without a beautiful face if you know what to do with your hands. ) Longer or Older? From the New York Sun. Even with the fashion news from Auteuil available, it is not clear whether longer skirts are going to be worn or skirts are going to be worn longer. Change of Scale, the Schenectady Gazette. decrease in books of this type. The psychology developed by life in the trenches is, of course, the most frequent subject. But the psychology of the welfare workers in the camps, of the officialdom running the war at home, of the juniors who were such indis- pensable aides to this officialdom that they could not go to the front, of those excused from military service because of ill health, of the workers in war industries, of women doing various kinds of war work, of prisoners in in- ternment camps—all these are of great interest to the student of the lasting effects of war. Perhaps some time some one will cover the whole subject in a book called “War Psychology.” One of the more unusual of the recent books of this kind is Paul Cohen-Portheim’s “Time Stood Still.” It is unusual both because it is about the less discussed psychology of interned prisoners and because the author has a philosophic mind which enables him to write un- derstandingly and analytically about his subject. He does not, however, write theoretically. He is an Austro- German, who before the war was some- thing of an artist and a cultured dilettante. He had spent much time in England, where he had many friends, His book published over a year ago, “England, the Unknown Isle,” brilliant, flattering, vet acute, shows that Eng- land is not “unknown” to him. When the World War began, Mr. Cohen- Portheim was in England, staying with friends at Richmond, after a-few weeks in Devonshire, “where I was busy ex- pressing red cliffs, seas and sailing boats in paint.” When war was de- clared between Germany and Austria on one side and France and Russia on the other, he went to the German consulate in London and found that two ships had been chartered to send home Ger- man reservists. “The two ships were, by the way, held up by the British au- thorities and prevented from leaving.” Then England declared war and no Germans were permitted to leave the country. For a time he was allowed to live in his London flat, under police | supervision; then, after the Lusitania |y p sinking, he was placed in an internment camp, where he remained until only a few months before the armistice. * o ox % In describing his years in a British internment camp, when “time stood still,” Mr. Cohen-Portheim blames no one, neither the British government nor any of the officers in charge of the camps. He complains of no ill treat- ment, other than what was inevitable under conditions of such confinement, Conditions were as bad in Germany and wherever such camps existed. What was wrong was “the system,” by which citi- zens of a country at war with another country found themselves the victims of war hysteria. The first internment camp to which He was assigned was at Knock- aloe, on the Isle of Man. His first im- pression of the place was one of “de- lighted surprise.” because of the radiant sunshine, the clear, bracing air and the “panorama of turf-clad hills.” This first | impression, in spite of all that was to| follow, remained with him, for he is an idealist, able to subordinate the physical to mental considerations. He expiains this, in part, by saying that he is what the French call a “type visuel,” “which means that the look of a thing, place or person matters most to me.” From Knockaloe, which was generally con- sidered the worst of all the camps, he was shortly removed to Wakefield, near Leeds, a “gentlemen’'s camp,” but io- cated in the smoky industrial country Here he often enraged his fellow priscri- ers who had come with him from Knockaloe by “speaking almost tenderly of that place, for it is part of the psy- chology of internment camps to consider any one a ‘traitor’ who finds anything but_martrydom in any of its aspec's.” At Wakefield, as at Knockaloe, the canip was & barbed wire cage, but the cage was more comfortable. The huts were better and uhe prisoners were allowed to purchase furnishirgs and extra food | f Cohen-Portheim discovercd ! the only simple and straightforward definition of that myrterious creature, the gentleman. To the authoritics re- sponsible for its creation a gentleman Wwas a man prepared Lo pay 10 shillings 3 week to them for the privilege of being there.” * x % % What makes Mr. Cohen-Portheim's book unique is not its description of physical conditions in the camps, but its analysis of various forms of camp ply‘clhalogy, The chapter “Barbed Wire Air” tells of the effects of the endless monotony of the camp life, which sug- gests Dostoievski's name for his Sibe- rian prison, “the house of the dead. The chapter “Barbed Wire Sickness” discusses the psychology of hate in the camp, not hatred of the enemy gov- emnment which was imprisoning them, not hatred of the officials and guards in charge of the camp discipline, but hatred of fellow prisorers, from whom it was impossible to get away day or night. week after week, month after month. “During the war the term * * * barbed-wire sickness’ became a recog- :1::3 &mumx ?lw%"otn under which all sorts of mental = toms observed in prisoners of mmst 1t 15 not the barbed wire which is their cause; it is the monstrous, enforced in- cessant community which inevitably breeds the malady. There is nothing ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. Few Americans realize how much their Government does for them. Readers of The Evening Star can draw on all Gevernment activities through our free information service. ‘The world's greatest libraries, laboratories, and experimental stations are at their command. Ask any question of fact and it will be answered, free, by mail direct to you. Inclose 3 cents for reply postage and address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Has- kin, Director, Washington, D. C. Q. How long has Harold Lloyd been making motion pictures?—E. M. A. For 15 years. has had but six leading ladies—Bebe Daniels, Mildred Davis (whom he mar- Tried), Jobyna Ralston, Ann Christy, Barbara Kent and Constance Cum- mings. Q. When was prize fighting with bare | fists stopped in England?—H. B. A. Pugilism—that is, fighting with the bare fists—was driven out in favor | of boxing in England by public opinion and by the general adoption after 1866 of the Marquis of Queensberry rules. The last championship fight under the old prize ring rules was fought between Prank Slavin and Jem Smith, the latter retaining the championship. The old prize ring being illegal and extinct, no champlion can succeed him. Q. What is the temperance paper run by the Anti-Saloon League?—W. D. M. A. The American Issue. Q. Did the several nations meet and | fix the price or value of gold>—E. B. F. | A. No international conference has been held on the subject by the powers that be, but each nation in turn has fixed a gold standard, and througk the channels of trade, the world has reached a standard agreement on the price of geld in terms of money. Actually, there is no such thing as price of gold. It is its own price. Q. How much do baby elephants weigh?—B. D. A. The average weight of elephant calves two days old is about 200 pounds. The trunks of newly born elephants are very short in comparison with the length of adult specimens, being only 10 to 15 inches in length. Q. How many brothers and sisters did_Mrs. Abraham Lincoln have?—J. In this time he | and sometimes more individuals are sent as delegates, each hiving a half or other part vote es the case may be. Where uninst-ucted delegates are sent, these fractions of votes are added in the final tabulation of the votes. Q. What is the quotation, “The good die first>—W. S. T. A. “The good die first and they whose hearts are dry as Summer dust burn to the socket” This is from “The Ex- cursion,” by Wordsworth. Q. Are there laws against fire sales, clearance sales, bankruptcy sales, and the like which are not in fact ceused | by such occurrences but which are used to sell goods often purchased for such sales?—D. J. A. Several localities have ordinances against such fraudulently arranged sales and recently the State of Mississippi has enacted a law regulating them. Permits to hold sales are issued upon proof that the sale is actually a closing out, a clearance, a manufacturer’s or other familiar type of sale and special fees or taxes are imposed. . What is the word in Japanese for “residence of the Mikado"?—D. W. M. A. The word is kyujo, and literally means imperial palace. Q. Are aliens continuing their re- mittances to their foreign homes during the depression?—P. T. N. A. There has been a drope since 1929, but Temittances remain heavy. Last year $173,000,000 was sent out of the country by alien residents. The fact that some foreign countries are off the gold standard making dollars worth more in their own currencies, caused many to send money home. Many aliens who, unable to find employment | here, went home took accumulated sav- | ings’ with them, which increased the outgo. Large sums were sent to Russia. Q. What does the monogram SP stand for on the reverse side of & Phi Beta Kappa key?—E. 8. | . A. It stands for Societas Philosoph- ca. | Q. What was the name of the horse | which was transported to a race traw by airplane?—H. T. S. ‘ A. The Daily Racing Form says thie in order to demonstrate the practicabil- | ity of using the airplane in the move- | ment of horses from one track to an- . P. | other, the filly Starkist was flown last A. Mrs. Lincoln was the fourth of | Winter from the Viejas ranch of Baron seven children — Levi, Elizabeth, | Long to the Agua Caliente course. The Frances, Mary, Ann, Robert Parker |distance by road is 57 miles and the and George. Her father married a|trip by van usually requires three second time and became the father of | hours, including border traffic delays. nine children—Robert Smith, Samuel, | Taking the direct airline from Viejas like it to be found anywhere else. Monks retire to their cells, soldiers have their days or weeks off: here it continues forever, and the longer it continues 'V-Y.l:ym:;e yuu1 é\lxger ;m; it. No pri- A poss} y of being alone, no possibility of finding quietude. It is inhuman, cruel and dreadful to force }?eopl? to live in closest community for years; it becomes almost unbearable when that community is abnormally composed like that of a prisoners’ It is not forgotten by the prisoners that physieal safety is a cer- tain internment and ain recompense " for that life in the trenches is both more uncomfortable and more dengerous; but “soldiers led a dangerous and ter- rible life, prisoners led a helpless and senseless one. Soldiers fought, they were active, had an aim.” Mr. Cohen-Portheim "belleves that he, un- like many others, ):!e::uved no perma- . "Hie had what mest of he others had not—mental resources. He read, wrote, painted, and con- ducted dramatic clubs. In fact, when the order came for his release to Hol- land, in February before the armistice, he y.ud settled down to peace and “lux- ury” at Wakefleld. He had acquired a cubicle of his own, six feet by four, which he had furnished ingeniously through several evasions of rules, and here he could lie safely in his bunk or sit at his collapsible table and read and write, out of sight, if not out of hearing (the walls were of matchboard), of his fellow prisoners. So :Imm ]not TR Alexander, Grand ussia, author of “Once & Grand Duke,” is a cousin of Grand Duchess Marie, au- thor of “The Education of a Princess. His book is perhaps a more simple record and one with fewer reserves than hers. Grand Duke Alexander is a brother-in-law of the late Czar, the last Romanoff Emperor. He and the Czar were “Sandro” and “Nicky” to each other. He tells a sad and ominous anecdote of the Czar, who stood with him at the bier of Alexander III, and “Sandro, what am I going to do? ‘What is going to happen to me, , to Alix, to mother, to all of Russia? I am not prepared to be a Czar. I never wanted to be- come one. I know nothing of the busi- ness of . 1 have no idea of even bow to talk te the miniges” . .| every sort of crime and David, Alexander, Margaret (Mrs. Kellogg), Martha (Mrs. White), Emilie (Mrs. Ben Hardin Helm), Elodie (Mrs. Dawson) and Katherine (Mrs. Herr.) Q. Of what significance was Blucher's part in the battle of Waterloo>—W. M. A. Gen. Blucher was a Prussian fleld maishal. When his countrymen rose against the Prench in 1813 he was ap- pointed to the chief command. In the battle of Waterloo the victory of the allies was decided by his appearance on the fleld. Is ice cream more fattening than | bh?r‘btt"—cv » A. It is twice as fattening. One cup of sherbet contains 200 calories, one cup of ice cream, 400 calories. Q In the balloting for candidates for the presidency, the press reported half and quarter votes. How was this done?—A. C. A. It frequently happens that & poli- tical party desires to honor more of its members by appointment as delegates to the national conventions than the quota alloted to a State covers. In such cases it is frequently arranged that two | colors which are described | to the Mexican spa, the monoplane made the trip in 30 minutes. Starkist, none the worse for her experience, was unloaded at Agua Caliente airport and | walked to her owner's barn, one-quarter of a mile away, and given a three-fur- long breeze 15 minutes later. Q. How many telegrams did Col. Lindbergh receive after the kidnaping of his son?>—P. E. A. Editor and Publisher says that b~ received 55,000 telegrams from sym- pathizers over one company's wires He also received about 3,000 letters a day for several weeks. | Q. Why is blue called a cool color?— G.A.P. | A. All colors are produced by vibra- tions of rays of light. Those vibrating Jess than 470,000,000,000 times per sec- | ond produce a red sensation and are described as warm. As the number of ibrations increases shades of orange, yellow, green, blue and violet appear. | The siower the rays move the greater | amount of energy is contained by the light. The more rapid vibrations con- | tain_less energy and therefore are a smaller tax upon the eve and produce | as cold. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands ERLINER TAGEBLATT—A rallroad fireman, one Jacob Falter, who had been arrested in Speyer for attempted robbery with arms, desired very much to be transferred from jail to a hospital. To effect this change of scene and air, he swallowed an assortment of articles which in their extent and variety astonished even the hardened officials who are prepared for almost any de: pravity or subterfuge that will net miscreant additional ease and privilege. Taken suddenly ill, a stomach operation revealed a miscellaneous stock sufficient to set up a second-hand store. Sur- geons found: Half a forx, with four tines; a crooked spoon, a handful of nails, a couple of bolts, complete with burrs; a piece of window-glass, several smaller pieces of tin and some other metallic objects. The man had added these condiments to his diet in the ex- pectation, which was realized, that he would soon be transferred from the prison to the hospital. In the latter establishment, he has admitted, there appeared to be better opportunities for escape. * ok k * Capone Offer Recalls Bit of French History. Le Matin, Paris—They told us not long since, with reference to the ex- ecrable abduction of the beloved Ameri- can baby, that the question of liberat- ing Al Capone, the emperor of the gangsters, to assist in the search for the infant, was being considered in official circles. We were told, too, that Ameri- can public opinion, despite the serious npature and urgency of the case, unani- mously decried and p the scandal of such a pact with & most notorious criminal. At first view, it does appear uncon- scionable that in a country su?.'puedly governed in an atmosphere of and order, a malefactor should be taken out of jail to play the gendarme, but then, if we reflect no more than five seconds, the idea is not so bad—nor, indeed, without its precedent. Vidocq, who became chief of police in Prance in the latter part of the pre- vious century, had long been a con- spicuous gangster of that epoch. He had likewise worn the mask, and aimed the bullet. He had climbed to leader- ship of the outlaw horde, active in outrage—an then!—suddenly, one day, he quit all his evil ways. The devil became a hermit, and ultimately left his hermit- age only to carTy on a vehement and merciless warfare upon all his old as- sociates and friends. With all his know- ledge of the demimonde, he naturally became a marvelously efficient and successful police officer. He knew in advance all the tricks and ruses of his adversaries, for he had practiced them all himself. There was no page in the vast and gloomy catalog of crime which was not instantly clear and legible to him. Remembering these things, why should they not, then, in America, pin a detective badge beneath the lapel of Al Capone's coat? His suggestion may have the first foreshadowing of his reformation, and of a life hence- service to mankind. our correspondent at M narrate thai no less than 1,600 mmeflun marines will supervise.the a tial elections. Thus, another step is achieved in the liberal and pro- gressive democracy of our neighbor republic, initiated in the elections of 1928 and 1930. The first contingent of these foreign election officials will arrive Monday. EE Chilean Deplores Excess of Imports. El Mercurio, Santiago.—That our industrial balance is most unfavorable is a situation which becomes more IFeru‘ from Uruguay. and from Vene- zuela, and the total value of these importations for the last fiscal year was no less than 150,000,000 pesos ($16.,500,000). | "To these various nations we exported | goods valued at but 60,000,000 pesos ‘185.400.000\. ‘Thus we are seen to be | laboring beneath an unfavorable trade balance of approximately 90,000,000 pesos ($10,100,000), annually. And a most regrettable anomaly of the whole proceeding is that nearly | every commodity and article we import | could with proper effort be produced | within our own boundaries in sufficient quantities, except possibly certain man- ufactured articles bought in Europe | and North America. Under such con= ditions we could very logically reduce the great expense of maintaining lega- | tions in foreign countries until such representatives begin to realize that they are sent abroad more to promote our material interests and develop trade from foreign countries than merely to | participate in diplomatic ceremonies. | Usually, in prospect and on paper, our situation seems salubrious enough. The natioral congress, for instance, has just ratified our budget for the ensuing | year. This document presupposes ex- penses of 597,444.977.65 pesos for the year in transit, with receipts from all sources of 597,860.645 pesos, the differ- |ence being 415,667.35 pesos. Experi- ence in these matters, however, has made us skeptical, and it is much less than these optimistic figures, and that the familiar deficit will greet us at the end of the year. | Use Idle Land for Aid | Of the Unemployed ‘To the Editor of The Star: Means to secure self-support for some portion of the presently unemployed by giving them the opportunity to use idle land must necessarily include the use of land in the vicinity of cities where unemployment is most acute. Such land is, generally, not now fit for raising crops and must be put into condition under stress of emergency. ‘There is no time to “build it up” under the empirical formula of present agri- cultural methods. The object of the demonstration pre- viously referred to as now being carried on is to show that the wastes of a city, including waste land, can be made to support a considerable proportion of its population. ‘The location chosen for the demon- stration is a recently completed dump of about twelve acres, which had been a brick field and which is now brought to grade with earth from excavations, chiefly clay, which has compacted to an almost pavementlike hardness. During the past three weeks garbage and other wastes have been collected and so treated that there is now avail- able more fertilizer than would nor- ‘mally be used on the whole twelve acres. g beds for the vegetables e of the ground was scratched Jjust enough to get the seed in, the rg:p‘o:e being to feed the plants from By labar, not exceeding two days s week for the three weeks, there are now planted and up (except potatoes), corn, beans, potatoes, okra, lettuce, carrots, beets, parsnips, turnips, cu- cumbers, radishes and eggplant and one solitary volunteer tomato, which was rescued from the dump and is now doing well where one of the fertilizer piles had rested. If this demonstration, which has started well, succeeds, it will show that any one, anywhere, provided am- le fertilizer is furnished, can wrest the ground with the aid of the sun enough and sufficiently varied food for a family, provided the pre- period can be won thre It has been done before in this coun-