Evening Star Newspaper, July 5, 1932, Page 8

- {THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY July 5, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company us!; Office. 11th St. and New York Office Chicago Office: Lal European Office: 14 Eng! Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Evening Star . .. .,...45¢ per menth he Evening and Sinday Siar (when 4 Sundays) 60c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (wh 5 Sundays) 65¢ per month The Sunday Star 2 N ic_per copy Collection made at the end of each month Orders may be sent in by mall or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday.....]yr. $10.00; 1 mo., 85c | aily only . 1 36.00: 1 mo. 50¢ junday only . 1yr.. 34.00: 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Dafly and Sunday...lyr.$12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only . 131, $8.00: 1 mo.l Bunday only 1 5.00: 1 mo.. 50¢ | Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively cutitled o the use for republication of all Lews dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- d in this paper and aiso the local news published herein All rights of publication of speclal dispatches herein are aiso reserved = Roosevelt and the Progressives. Senator Hiram Johnson's praise of Gov. Roosevelt, the Democratic nominee | for President, has sent a few more cold | chills down Republican becks. The | California Senator has not yet gone | the length of declaring for Roosevelt | in opposition to President Hocover. His' praise of the Democratic nominee, how- | ever, is construed as a backhanded | blow at the President, for whom Mr. | Johnson has no love whatever. Mr. Johnson has always believed that he himself should have been the first Cali- fornian elected President of the United States. Four years ago he was a candi- date for re-election to the Senate, at the time that Mr. Hoover was running for | President. In those days Senator John- son was content to run along emicably enough with the Republican national ticket. But this year his attitude may be different. Those who remember back as far as 1916 will recall that Senator Johnson had his part in the defeat of the Re- publican national ticket headed by Charles Evans Hughes, now Chief Justice of the United States. Mr Hughes made the unfortunate error, when he went campaigning to Cali- fornia, of training with the Johnson opposition in that State. Without mak- ing a public declaration against Mr. Hughes, Johnson and his followers be- came so lukewarm toward the Republi- can presidential candidate that on elec- tion day California went for Woodrow Wilson, while Johnson was elected Senator. There seems not the slight- est doubt that Mr. Johnson will be decidedly lukewarm to the Hoover cause in California this year, too, even if he does not make an open declara- tion for the Democratic presidential nominee. His influence in California, while not what it was in 1916, is stil! not to be sneezed at. Obviously Gov. Roosevelt has been playing and will continue to play for the support of the progressive Repub- licans of the West. In his address to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on Saturday the New York Governor differentiated between Repub- lican leaders and the Republican party. His attack, he declared, would be di- rected particularly at the “leadership” of the G. O. P, now in the hands of Mr. Hoover and the conservative group. His bid for the support of the progres- sives was obvious. Alreacdy one of the progressive leaders, Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska, has announced his intention of supporting the Roosevelt candidacy. Norris tried to carry Ne- braska for Al Smith against President Hoover in 1928, but fafled utterly. But a Roosevelt may have a better fate in! Nebraska, even a Democratic Roosevelt. Other progressive leaders in the Re- publican party are wondering and pon- dering what shall be their course toward the Hoover-Curtis ticket this year. There are Blaine of Wisconsin, who supported Smith four years ago; Nye and Frazier of North Dakota, not to | mention Senator Borah of Idaho. The progressives may overdo the mat- ter of supporting Roosevelt. The reac- tion in the great States of the East to this rush of the progressives to the Roosevelt standard is a danger Which | | automatically out. player may lose his grip on his bat at any time. Yesterday the line was crossed. The flaring temper of the visiting catcher caused an outburst on the local ficld that will result in the absence of two valued performers from their respective teams for some time, one with a broken jaw and the other with a ticket of leave. The assault was unprovoked in the strictest sense of the word, but there were circumstances, not of justi- fication but of explanation. A base runner went into the home plate to score a run. The catcher was standing at the plate on guard waiting for the ball. Contrary to the usual practice, perhaps the ethies of the sport, the runner failed to slide. A collision oc- curred, not disastrous to the raichcr.‘l but annoying. Something snapped in' his nervous system and he reverted to type and landed a vicious clenched fist | X8 THE EVEy ING fiA fmain in the game, as, of course, any | tacks in indicating just how “enllght-l ened” an “outlook” the United States should assume in dealing with pressing | world problems. The Democratic can- | didate Invoked the spirit of Woodrow | Wilson as he stood before the conven- | tion which only a few hours previous | had named him for the presidency. Has Mr. Roosevelt frrevocably turned | his gaze away from the crowning wn-[ | sonian ideal of the League of Nations? | | Does the Governor believe, as his party | | platform proclaims, that under no cir- ‘fumstnnflrs shall the foreign debts| | owing America be canceled? Does the | | Rooseveltian conception of an ‘“en-' lightened international outlook” mean | that the Democratic standard-bearer | is & member of the isolationist school of ! thought. which would have Uncle Sam lead the life of a hermit in world af-| fairs? These are some of the questions re- garding which Gov. Roosevelt cannot on the erstwhile runner’s jaw, fraciur- ing it, as it later proved. The umpire,: to be quite impartial, and without paus- | ing to determine the delicate question | of possible provocation, banished both men from the game. In any event, one | of them would have had to leave by | virtue of his injury. The other was| | Demand has been made by the local | management that the fist-swinging | “Yankee,” in addition to suffering fine | and suspension, be made to pay for the | hospital expenses of the injured local | performer. That interjects a new ele- ment into the penal system of the sport. If it is done it may serve to cause an immediate relapse into law observance on the part of all ball players. = r——— The Anglo-Irish Crisis By an overwhelming vote in House of Commons last night, British government decided to resort to vigorous retaliation for the refusal of the De Valera government to pay the semi-annual installment of $11.000.000 on the land annuities for which the Free State is obligated. Britain now proposes to punish the Free State re-| gime at Dublin by levying a teriff up to one hundred per cent on imports from Erin. The gravity of this meas- ure of reprisal is indicated by the fact that the Free State in recent years has sold more than 90 per cent of its prod- uce to Great Britain. Since the com- ing into effect of the general tariff in Britain on the first of March, Ireland has competed in the British market on better terms than its chief rival, Den- mark. President De Valera made an eleventh- hour effort to stave off drastic action by the British government. He insisted | on arbitration of the annuities question | before an international tribunal. Do- | minions Secretary J. H. Thomas in- formed Pagliament, while introducing the punitive tariff foreigners resolution against Ireland, that his majesty’s gov- ernment could not permit arbitration of a domestic British dispute. The ex- chequer, he argued, must therefore con- sider the coflection, in the form of tariffs, of the annuities which Mr. De Valera declines to honor. Even the disclosure that the Irish Free State is setting aside a special fund to liquidate the land payments, in case the con- troversy went to arbitration and against the Free State, did not dissuade the London authorities from laying a heavy hand on Ireland and in its tenderest spot—namely, its economic needs, which | are so overwhelmingly dependent upon | the sale of Pree State industrial and agricultural commodities in England. In a bulletin on the Anglo-Irish | crisis just issued by the Foreign Policy Association, the consequences of & | breach with Britain, which might lead to the Free State's independence, are tersely discussed. ‘The writer of the | bulletin says: The British objection to an inde- pendent Ireland merely associated with the government of Great Britain rests on three principal grounds. First is the hostility of Northern Ireland to union with the Free State, which it is feared might cause an Irish civil war to which the British government could not remain indifferent. Second, a free Ireland might ally with some state other than Great Britain, thus pro- viding a hostile power with a base of operations against the United Kingdom. Third, a free Ireland might mark the beginning of the dissolution of the British commonwealth It now becomes certain that Ireland's place in the fiscal scheme of the British | commonwealth will come under serious | discussion at the Imperial Economic | Conference which opens at Ottawa on | July 21. Confronted with the first | the | the | Roosevelt will have to face. In 1896, when it appeared that Bryan, a new | political meteor out of the West, would | sweep the country, there was a rallying | of the forces to “sound money,” and | when the votes were counted it was | found that McKinley, not Bryan, was| the victor in the presidential race. Such a situation may arise again, with Presi- dent Hoover benefiting because of the sentiment in this country against radi- calism. Roosevelt already has been pic- tured to the business interests and to the people as a “radical.” There is an inclination among the Amer people as among the British, to become more conservative In times of great stress: to fight for what they have remaining. | with their backs to the wall, rather than to seek wild par ffered by the so-called progressive and the radical For the purposes of roll call, it might | geem fair if Alabama would occasionally | consent to its name “Yowlabama.” | e Base Bail Reverts to Type. Washin n yesterday witnessed a re- | vival of the strenuous base ball of dec- | ades ago when players went on the ram- | page, fists flew, eyes were blacked and | other so s of strife were distrib- uted. In recent times the game has been | softened and sweetened greatly by the | adoption end enforcement of rigid rules again direct personalities between play- ers. The penalties for violation have been 100 severe for light and frequent disre- | approached from an gard. But this discipline, while render- | ing the game less spectacular, has not affected any fundamental changes of disposition on the part of the players. They have developed a new technique ip restraint of tempers, giving vent to all but physical demonstration of dis- like and disagreement and just falling short of breach of regulations. Umplires, becoming adept in differentiation, have been compelled to tolerate such gestures of challenge. For example, on Sunday in tHis city, a visiting player who was peeved at the possibly intentional wild- ness of the pitcher, let his bat slip from his hands at the next pitch—ac- | rectly or indirectly, to the vast stake | serious clash over the commonwealth's constitution, Australia, New Zealand | and South Africa have already taken | a position interpreted as favorable to the British contentions. The govern- ments of these three great dominions dispatched to President De Valera in April notes deprecating any action by | Ireland which might weaken the unity | of the British commonwealth or disturb the friendly relations between two of ihe oldest sister states.” The only relief in connection with | the record of Fourth of July disasters is the fact that no political policy can | be held to blame for them. v Roosevelt's Internationalism. Three words—"enlightened interna- tional outlook”—are all that Franklin D. Roosevelt devotes to foreign af- fairs in his speech accepting the Demo- cratic nomination for the presidency. There is no other single reférence, di- which America has in the grave ques- tions now besetting a perplexed world Gov. Roosevelt’s detractors depict him as & statesman addicted to generalities, among other faflings which they at- tribute to him. It would hardly be possible to generalize more glitteringly about a transcendent subject lke the United States' foreign relations than to voice the view that they will be “enlightened out- look.” Mr. Roosevelt aspires to the presi- dency at a moment when the nations of the earth are groping for light and leading. It was not unreasonable to expect that the Democratic nominee at such a time would have the cour- age and the wit to nail his internation- al colors to the mast and let the voters, whoee support he seeks, have at least a glimmer of his attitude toward is- sues in which the country has a very deep and immediate interest. As the campaign develops, Gov. Roosevelt states that he purposes demonstrating his position on a variety !ened international outlook.” indefinitely take refuge behind a meaningless abstraction like “enlight- - Lost Flyers Found in the Bush. The rescue from the sea of Stanislau: Hausner, the Polish aviator, after he ! had been given up for lost in his at- tempted flight from New York to War- saw is paralleled by the discovery in Australia of two missing German air- men, Bertrand and Clausemann, miss- ing since May 17 on a hop from| Timor Island to Port Darwin. They had started from Kiel February 29 for a flight around the world by easy stages. When it was reported from Port Darwin that they were two days overdue it was believed that they had | gone down in the stormy Timor Sea Search was at once instituted along the northern Australian coast and some tracks and traces of the lost airmen were found, including the abandoned airplane with one of the pontoons miss- ing. The men were found only about twelve miles from the point where the plane had been discovered. They had wandered, however, a long distance in the bush. They subsisted upon gum leaves, snails, kangaroo flesh and lizards for forty-five days. They feared meeting cannibal blacks. Finally they met with friendly natives, who sup- plied them with food. Several times they saw planes hovering over them, | evidenfly in search of them, but they were too weak to attract attention Their plight was more difficult because of the fact that they suffered from the comparative rigors of the Australian Winter prevailing during most of the time of their wanderings. When they have recovered from their distressing conditions they will have a story to tell that will be one of the thrillers of aviation history. | ey | For the moment Gov. Roosevelt has | had the benefit of stage management so | fine that he was enabled, in addition to | gaining political eminence, to share | honors with the most renowned aviators. His flight was extraordinary as revealing the passenger as the star instead of the pilot. - There are some eminent physicians in public life, but in spite of the fact | that “psychological depression” was | mentioned a great many years ago, no one has seriously suggested that Uncle | Sam call in Dr. Freud and have him- self psychoanalyzed. e Advice to farmers seldom brings cheer owing to the almost inevitable reminder that if they raise a big crop the prices will be low, and if the crop is small they will not have enough to sell to figure a worth-while profit. o A certain relief might be felt if Con- gress could dispose of the eighteenth amendment at once and leave Senator Borah free to discuss the other inter- esting questions of the day with his ac- customed vigor. pe AR gl ol There are others who began as happy ! warriors and came back from Chicago | a trifle dejected. Al Smith, being most | conspicuous of all, possibly gets more | sympathy than he really cares about. o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. “Aman Hoo.” I've heard the men who introduced The heroes of the day; And into prominence was loosed A name from far away. Before he told of virtues rare And great deeds far from few, He paused with reverential care To mention “Aman Hoo.” “Aman Hoo" gives the world a chance To view with proper pride! “Aman Hoo" lets the nation glance At merit undenied. It sounds as if King Tut 50 strong Survived the ages through— And for companion brought along His good friend “Aman Hoo." Valued Auditor. i “I'm here to tell you,” said the iraIA’: intruder, “that you don't know what | you are talking about.” “Go ahead,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “So positive an opinion at least | assures me that you have been listening | with attention.” Jud Tunkins says some ideas of mod- ern copvenience remind him of a fire- works shop next to a gas filling station opposite a fire’ engine house. Next Portion of the Program. The old band wagon for awhile Will have to take a rest While orators in splendid style Explain just what is best. Oh, how I'll miss the choir that brings Its harmonies with glee. Now well I know I'll hear some things | With which 1 disagree. A Dependable Result. “You think prohibition repeal will bring the sunshine?” “I don't say for sure” said Uncle Bill Bottletop, “but anyhow it'll do away with a lot of moonshine.” “We cannot be respected as ances- said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “if we make merry and leave our grandchildren to pay the debts.” Afternoon Refreshment. We speak of beer in accents queer And say that it will soon be here. We'll never have that old saloon Though it may grace the salon soon. cidentally of course—with such force that it slithered down to the short- stop 'quite uncomfortably close to the her’s feet. He was chided 4or this but was Te- of subjects upon which he could natur- ally not discourse exhaustively at Chi- cago on Saturday. When the time comes, it is to be hoped that he wil not shrink from getting down to brass “Politics,” said Uncle Eben, “sounds 10 me like a game dat h_l’.w be played wif even more hollerin’ dan & crap game.” P ey STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, JULY THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. Joyce Kilmer's famous poem, “Trees,"” has been quoted so often in the past decade that many tree lovers have for- gotten that Bliss Carman wrote one al- most as good. “In the Garden of Eden, planted by God There were goodly trees in the spring- ing sod— “Trees of beauty and height and grace, To stand in splendor before His face Trees for fruitage and fire and shade, Trees for the cunning builder’s trade: “Wood for the bow, the spear and the flail, The keel and the mast of the «aring sail; | “He made them of every grain and girth For the use of man in the Garden of | Earth.” | | Almost as good? | “I think that T shall never see A poem lovely as a tree. “Poems are made by fools like me, But only God can make a tree.” The difference is one between the old-fashioned spirit, and the new, al- though both poets recognize the kin- ship of the Creator and His trees. Many will prefer the former, because it contains less sentimentalit; more practical reférence to the utility, as well as the beauty, of earth’s largest plants. Carman did not say that trees furnish | wood for radio tets, because he had never heard of radio. Nor was he a catalogue poet, as Walt Whitman wa who loved to elaborate long lists of materials, somehow impressed with the belief that if he could make a mass show of things he could infuse & new spirit into the art of poetry. The very size of trees, it would seem, has much to do with the impression | they make on_humanity. | Yet one seldom hears an ordinary mortal waxing sentimental over moun- tains. 1t is the tree, and the tree alone, | among created things, which calls forth paeans of praise, almost amounting to psalms. We have never been able to rave over | trees. although willing to admit their | beauty, and to claim that one appre- clates them more because of it. | | They are so fine, in themselves, that | they need no adventitious praise; they | | stand up for themselves, in all lands, showing a range of type which amaz- ingly meets the needs of mankind, as well as his varying sense of esthetic ap- preciation. There is a tree for every use, as Bliss Carman attempted to show in little; there is a tree which somehow also meets the demand of every sense. Certainly no other type of living thing has as many or varied uses as wood, to say nothing of the fruits and the fibers and other products into which trees are turned through the ingenuity of man This very ingenuity is a lifelong cause for marveling, not only in regard to trees, but also in relation to the lh:fiusand and one other natural prod- ucts, There is scarcely anything in Nature | which man has not been able to take and make into many different products for his use, either in a practical or an | esthetic way. | The science of chemistry, proudest and most amazing daughter of the age, has given man so many new products, made from combinations and recombi- nations of old materials, that the aver- age person is utterly unable to keep up with them. There are two ways for the Nature lover to look at trees.” One is to attempt to “know” them, as the saying Is, to become familiar with their bark, their leaves, and their fruits, if any. The bark of no two trees is exactly imilar. He who knows his barks will now his trees in a particular sense The fruit trees always have exer- cised a special fascination on mankind, since earliest times. The eldest legend we have is based on the apple. | Most of the blossoms of our fruit trees are synonymous with beauty, | | the | present | life quite so well as the . TRACEWELL. that is why they are favorites every- where, even with the second class of nature lovers, those who refuse to bother their heacs with names and facts. Trees do more than any other one planted thing to make a house look like a home. When one thinks of an ideal home he immediately pictures a place with a backgrouhd of trees. That is why architects, in making drawings of their creations, invariably put_in a tree cr two. They know that trees belong there by right. Some of the old early Amer- n prints show this to perfection der_homes invariably were built in wilderness, in an opening cleared of the forest. It was this surrounding forest, with its mighty elenients, which gave a certain rough charm of home to those crude dwellings. Despite the fact that the trees fur- nished splendid lurking placés for the cruel savages, they made many a log cabin a true home in the best sense. We saw an old lithograph of one of those clearings the other day. It showed & one-room cabin nestled— what a good word—at one side, pro- tected on North, no doubt, by the great trunks. There was a_small pond some yards in front of the cabin. hygienic, in our modern sense, but no one knew of the role played by mosquitoes, in those days: the omni- germs were there, just the same, but mankind did not know about them p that cabin of its trees, even leave the pond, it would appear a poor structure, indeed. With its background of forest' stalwarts, it remains in the mind as a striking memory The living wonder is that there is a tree left in the world, so persistent has been mankind's onslaught on them, and so planless his attack Only within comparatively recent years has forestry come into its own on anything like a national or an in- ternational scale. So much yet remains to be done along these lines that the lay mind cannot keep from wondering at the really marvelous advances which have been made in the face of such universal apathy. Even those Whose very living dependd upon lack of erosion seem to fail to grasp the effect which forest depletion has in_this respect; perhaps they agree with the theory but are unwilling, for any one or more of a number of rea- fons, to agree with the practice which becomes necessary under such a theory. Nothing so shows the vigor of tree very fact that so many of them are always in the world, at any given time, despite the inroads that are made upon them. Even the most thoughtless realize that all cutting and no planting would end in no trees at all; hence replant- ing goes on hand in hand with felling. Nature is not satisfied to leave her trees to man, however. She cease- lessly plants them herself, in any order, and in any way, and almost any place. That is why you will find small locusts growing on terraces, wherever the seed hapened to fall. If they are cut off. they have some chance of springing up_again. If they do not grow, there are others waiting just around the corner, Trees share with weeds a tremendous vitality. which permits their seed to lie dormant for many years. Any one of a large number of factors may bring them closer ic Bor out |to the surface of the ground, where they will have some chance at last of germinating and sprouting forth to the light and air. This desire to live strikes a sympa- thetic chord in the heart of man. He sees in it something of his own nature. A great tree, writhing in the grasp of a wind. its branches bending, its leaves rustling, is symbolic of the life of man torn by spiritual, mental and physical storms. May he struggle as successfully and be rooted as firmly. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands ELFAST TELEGRAPH.—Alder-| man Byrne (lord mayor of Dub- lin), speaking at a luncheon in that city, in connection with the Cory Industries Fair, said they would have in the future to face a new problem in Ireland of feeding and housing the returned emigrants. He referred to the return recently of 300 emigrants to the South of Ireland and instanced the case of one of the young men who called on him at the Mansion House looking for employment. “I said to him,” said the lord mayor, “isn't it only three or four years since you got your pasport for America?” He Teplied: “Yes, but isn't it better to be| standing in a food queue in your own | country than standing in one in a for- eign country where you are jeered at? Don't believe,” he said, “all the stories you hear about the Irish in America being popular. When you are down and out nobody wants you, and that is why 300 of us came back home.” R Police Graft Cut From Siamese Plays. Bangkok Daily Mail—No matter how many policemen in real life may be dis- missed or jailed in the course of a year for taking bribes, committing thefts, assaults and other crimes, no such po- liceman may appear as a character in a stage play in Siam. This is the latest ruling of the Department of Local and | Provincial Gendarmerie, which, besides the responsibility of enforcing the laws, eradicating Communism, preventing labor strikes and keeping tab on secret societies of all kinds, also is charged with the duty of censoring newspapers, motion pictures and the stage in Slam The play that brought about this de- cision was called “Woman's Heart” and was to have been produced at the Nagorn Barntheong Theater. Its chief character was a police private and it dealt with his career, his rise to sergeant major and his ulii- mate elevation to the post of a com- misisoned officer. As far as is known, the character was not made to commit any serious crimes in the course of the play, but he was an amorous young man and he engaged in many flirtations, had as many wives as he could support, and generally represented a realistic portrait of, if not an average, certainly not an unusual type of successful young man in Stam. But the Department of Local Provin- cial Gendarmerie decided that the plan | tended to excite public scorn for the police force and barred it on this ground. The department also held that the character in the play won promotion too quickly and too easily, and thus a false picture of the police force was given by the play. The department did not rule that no play could be produced here dealing with police activities, but the inference was that any policeman portrayed must be of virtuous character. i B e Homes for Paupers Advocated in Egypt. Egyptian Gazette, Alexandria—A pro- vincial mudir has drawn the attention of the ministry of the interior to old- aged paupers and to street waifs in the provinces. Nothing, he says, is done for such people, although the matter is considered of vital importance in Europe. He adds that in certain parts of Eu- rope special taxes are collected for the creation of homes for the aged, and in France any needy person reaching the | age of 70 years is financially aided by the municipality. The mudir uested | the ministry of the interfor to intrust the commission formed for drafting new legislaticn for municipalities and pro- vincial wuncux‘w :oi;sld'er the question. Peruvian Writer Scores Use of French. El Comercio, Lima.—We have noticed of late a disposition on the part of our | young aristocracy and young writers to variegate their Spanish vocabulary with a little French. Acquaintance with an- other language is a commendable quali- fication, but this individual knowledge should not be employed to impress, or perhaps we should more accurately say, embarrass, other people, not students, whose information is not quite cyclo- pedic. An instance of this is fresh in our minds, associated with a young writer who recently visited our offices, and talked much about “esprit” in journal- ism. This is a vord, according to our notion, already suffciently mutilated by | the French, when compared with our equivalent “espiritu,” but this juvenile litterateur—pardon another Frenchism! —arbitrarily deprived “esprit” of its initial “e” and pronounced it simply “spri,” in English). We do not approve of these curtailments. We prefer some volume and tangibility to a word. Es- | pecially we prefer Spanish words in Spanish speech and Iserature. It was as if this young man did not know that he have much more melodious and ex- pressive equivalents for “esprit” in our own Castillian. Any one of the words “chispa,” “ingenio” or “agudeza” would have served him better, and he would have shown a proper interest in pre- serving and cherishing our rich and elo- quent language. ——— The Weevil Conquered. From the Charleston (8. C.) Evening Post. Fifteen or twenty years ago it was the unanimous opinion of the South the greatest peril that ever confronted the cotton farmer was the relentless ad- vance of the cotton boll weevil. When it was discovered that the Mississippi River had not stayed the Eastward march of the weevil, as had been hoped, dire fears for the economic future of the South were uttered, some even pre- dicting the end of the cotton industry in the Southeastern regions, that had soil and moisture conditions especially favorable to weevil growth. The wee-| vil's spread was classed among calami- ties of the first magnitude, and it was probably fortunate that this was so, since the resulting panic freed thou- sands of Southern farmers from de- pendence upon cotton for their living and did more to introduce diversifica- tion into Southern agriculture than any- thing else did or could have done. Today the cotton boll weevil is not an annihilating, devastating enemy of the cotton crop. It is a nuisance that in- creases the work of the cotton farmer and is responsible for sometimes 5 per cent, sometimes 8 per cent, reducticn in the crop. In an average year weevil loss is not very far different from loss due to various climatic causes. Weevil control is just a normal incident of modern cotton production. No better proof of this fact could be desired than the 17,000,000 bales of cotton produced by Southern farmers in 1931. The average yield for last year was 201 pounds per acre, compared With 147 pounds for the 1930 crop. The 1931 vield per acre was the highest realized v cotton farmers since 1914. Perhaps some of the other problems which seem | 50 hopeless will be solved as well as that of the boll weevil has been. e New Times, But Old Ways. From the Milwaukee Sentinel. We used to have beer parades in the old days. They proceeded from one saloon to another with a capdidate in the lead. B One FEasy Job. From the aukee Sel el ‘There is no gular difficuity in inducing two dandelicns o grow where It was not | NEW BOOKS AT RANDON 1. G M. Summer schools are now opening. June, blooming garden of gradua- tions, country-wide, closed the official school year. But & day or so after, under the pleasing name of Oppor- tunity, classes of various purpose and pattern were set up. These in the main, | though not altogether, to retrieve ecademic shortage in the regular work | year itself. Once in four years & very special Summer school opens and_carries on {from Juiy to November. This is the | national political school of a presiden- |ial campaign. Its term extends from | convention to election. And this is its vear. The convention, as such, is a | curious spectacle. At some urban point of assumed value, geographic, strategic or whatnot, officially designated repre ! sentatives of the party in action as- emble. ‘Trailing the are hordes of “free American voters” on their own |duty or will or pleasure bent. The convention itself is & ceremonial of weird effect, almost barbaric effect, | Noise, confusion, braying music, rau cous calls and pandemoniac discords of sound make astounding world-wide dis- closure by way of the radio. A revela- tion. General hysteria appears to sup- plant completely any semblance of ra- tional thought. It is the job of just one steady man to pull a working re- sult from this milling and mullin, mass_ And, this, by some surprising legerdemain, he does. A President-elect emerges. The shouting and the tumult die. The crowds disperse. The cam- paign is on and the new Summer school opens. A school of oral instruction mainly Every street corner a class room. Every man a self-constituted instructor. There are, to be sure, head masters and academic halls. But, primarily, in politics every man knows it all. Yet it is doubtful if in any other field is ignorance so common and prejudice so widespread and deep as in this vital business of government for the people and by the people. Times are hard. Millions are out of work. Fallures threaten. Yet, harder times are in the nearby. Who has done all this? Why, the President, of course! Who else! We need a change. What line ought this change to take? Any line at all, provided only it run another way. So the instruction goes. Baseless, senseless, uninformed on the simplest of essential matters pertaining to the wellbeing, to the safety, even, of their own country. And is this particular Summer school one of oral instruction alone? Has it no text books for the use of students? Not that books are vital in themselves. Print does not serve to sanctify the un- authentic, the untrustworthy. But the book does provide individual study in seclusion away from the distractions of political persuasion, appeal, personal cajolery in favor of the orator’s “chief.” It does permit a study of measures and a getting away from the man, from the two men, who through this Summer's schooling are to be the targets of every conceivable sort of praise here, of con- tumely there. Among a handful of books for indi- vidual study why not take this one? Its plan is helpful. It is conservative in general view. It deals with a vital point in American life. Its author is dependable. A fortright man besides. . Why not take: |a BASIS FOR STABILITY. By Sam- uel Crowther. Boston: ~ Little, Brown & Co. A book built on the commission plan. And a very good plan that is. Indeed, almost a necessary plan in these in- tricately involved matters of national concern. No one man, not even a Presi- dent of the United States, can know it all. So, the only statesmanly recourse of the wise political leader is to call in the experts, even if by so doing he is accused of trying to unbalance the trinity of power so carefully established by the Constitution. But, that is an- other story. This is the story of the commission appointed by = Samuel Crowther for an investigation of the economic situation of America, and in- cidentally of the world itself, at the hands of men experienced and waywise in different areas of the industrial field. The common point of the deliberation to approach the causes of the general instability, if not to determine these. The high value of the book to a stu- dent in this particular Summer school of a presidential campaign is that it deals with subjects that constitute the interwoven fabric of the common life. With food and work, with money and savings, with the machine threat to hand work, with the mine troubles of oil and coal, with the railroads and what is happening to them through good roads and spinning automobiles, with the electrical industry as a whole. In a word, there is no topic of discus- sAxg;nrcmre 1?.!:;1: :io‘c! not touch every ‘an intimately at more tha paxlt in hhl:lfly li%’e. o mong e experts engaged here, scientific, political, economic, are John Hays Hammond, Senator James J. Davis, Frank O. Lowden, Henry Ford, Samuel Crowther himself and many another, not one of whom, however, is the economic theorist destitute of prac- tical exi)erience in one or more indus- trial fields. All are of business vision. All sense, properly, the relation of business 'to political purpose and action. ~Since so much fs being said about the sad state of the farmer, and since the food industry is so clearly a basic one, even the average reader should not miss “The Farm As It Is,” by Frank O. Lowden, ex-Governor of Ilinois. This is bound to be literally a burning topic of this Summer’s school in the presidential course of study. Still, to select this one theme and its treatment is not enough. I ven- ture to say that you will not come upon a more solid body of pertinent and vital matter, carefully thought out or drawn off from wide and successful personal experience, than has come to- gether here for the plain instruction of plain Americans in their particular business of a fair understanding of the common daily concerns of the country. Samuel Crowther has done his Sum- mer job with distinction, with practical vision. Pack this school book in your kit. Walk out of the tumult with it. Sit down to find out a few basic things that are needed for the end of this Summer schooling. ¥ e Did you hear David Lawrence Sunday night from Chicago in his radio analysis of the Democratic convention just concluded? I hope you did. A clear, historic survey, an analysis of the political significance of the cere- mony, a philosophy of this institution, a fore- cast of its fate. What a common-school instrumen- tality the radio is! ERE I And did you read in The Sunday Star “Rise and Walk,” by Herbert Casson, an English editor talking to wus, to Americans? If you did, cut it out and pin it within constant eye-reach. If vyou did not, here are a few scraps of it, enough to make you hunt out The Sunday Star for the rescue and preser- vation of this personal word to every one of us. Here it is, in part: You are depressed. You think you are crippled. You are afraid of the future. You are full of fears. You have half the gold of the world and half of the mu ery and most of the automobiles and all of the sky- scrapers. You are ruled more by ideas and less by tradition than any other people in the world. You have usually done what you thought you could do. ey There i now a golden opportunity for every man who has eyes see it. Dollars are now being sold for 50 cents. Practically every security in the United States is being sold at less than its value. ‘The way to creat a fortune is to buy from pessimists. Pay your money and take the risk. In five years from now most Ameri- can_business men will belong to the “I-Wish-I-Had Club.” When a horse balks the balk is In 8| A. The Geological Surv summary of the political | This is a special department cevoted | to the handlink of inquiries. You have at your disposal an extensive organiza- tion in Washington to serve you in any capacity that relates to information Write your question, your name and your address clearly and inclose 3 cents in coin or stamps for reply. Send to The Evening Star Information Bureau Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D. C. Q. Where is the largest library of | books on golf in the world’—R. G. | 'A. Henry Litchfield West says that |the collection @t the Congressional Country Club, near Washington, D. C., is believed to be the largest in the world. James F. Meegan made the col- lection and presented it to the club. | Q. How many speakeasies are there in the United States?—L. D. B. A. Maj. Maurice Campbell, former prohibition administrator in New York, |in an article in Repeal, declared that |in 1931 there were 36.000 speakeasies | in New York city, 52.000 in New York | State and 222,000 in the United States This estimate he declared to be con- | servative. Q. Do ex-Presicents of the United States receive pensions?—C. T. A. They do not. | Q. Can an inexperienced person make | a living by panning gold>—N. R. says that there is little opportunity at present Placer operations are now conducted on a larger scale and require a considerable amount of capital Allho\‘lgh it might be possible for an experienced pros- pector to discover paying placer ground, provided he has ample capital to sus- tain him for considerable time, it is extremely unlikely that any one with- out experience could hope for success. Gold placers of greater or less extent have been developed in nearly all re- gions in which veins carrying free gold have been mined. Is there an opera singer by the name of Diva?—L. F. A. The word diva is Italian for god- dess and is used to refer to a grand opera singer. Q. Is a person’s weight the same before and after death?—G. W. A. The Public Health Service says that the weight of the human body be- fore death and after death is practically the same. The difference in weight is | imperceptible. Q. Is it possible for a lieutenant in the Army to receive higher pay than a captain?—W. B. A. This is possible through length of service. For instance, a licutenant with 17 years of service would receive $3,750 annually, while a captain with under | three years’ service would receive $3,500. Q. Which of the great French fiefs was the first to acquire a distinct char- | ter of its own?—W. H. | A. Normandy. Q. Is direct lighting the best for close desk work? What color should the walls be for ease on eyes?—J. T. 5. A. The American Standard Code of Industrial Lighting recommends an illumination of from 10 to 15 fooi-| candles on the work plane for close work in offices. To avoid eyestrain the illumination should not be less than 6 foot-candles, but higher illumination | increases the rapidity and accuracy of office work. Indirect lighting is not| necessarily the best form of lighting for an office. Two things are essential for | good lighting—viz,, sufficient intensity {and absence of glare. Under proper conditions semi-indirect lighting, or even direct lighting, may be satisfac- . Indirect lighting is more costly to install and maintain than semi- indirect or direct lighting. Walls should not be white or dark in color. A light buff is a good color for walls. Ceilings should be white. Walls and ceilings | should have matt surfaces. : | Roman ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Why was the landing device for airplanes on shipboard shown in “Hell's Angles” blocked out?—I. W. A. It was blocked out because officials did not wish the public to see the par- ticulars of the device. Q. How high should s tennis net 27T, C. It should be 3 feet high at the where it should be drawn down by a strap not more than 2 inches be wide. Q. Which is the smallest planet?— A LT A. The Naval Observatory says that the smallest of the major planets is Mercury; diameter about 3,000 miles. Of the minor planets, or asteroids, some are so small that it is impossible to me their diameters. It is esti- ted that the smallest are less than niles in diameter. Q. Ts a pair of twins two or four?— H. N A. A pair of twins is two. A twin one ‘of two persons or things closely related by ties of birth, resemblance or the like; specifically, one of two pro- duced at a il What sized turkeys are most marketeble?—T. M A. The 8 to 12 pound turkeys are in greatest demand. Families are smaller and turkey is no longer merely a “holi- day” bird. There is a steady demand at all seasons. Q. Can kangaroo leather be dyed col- ors other than brown and black?— K. W. G. A. It may be dyed any color, and does not differ in this respect from other leathers. The reason leathers in general, and particularly kangaroo leather, are dyed usually brown or black is that these colors enable the blemishes on the hide to be more easily concealed. Kangaroo leather makes a very fine shoe leather. Q. Did Capt. John Smith marry Pocahontas?—M. F. W. A. He did not. She was married to John Rolfe. Q. Why do Socialists choose May 1st for demonstrations?—L. C. A. The celebration of May day as a popular holiday is of very great antiquity and came to England with the invasicn. In medieval and Tudor England it was a great public holiday, in which the classes both rich and poor were up with the dawn to “go Maying” and to dance and feast around the May pole. On account of its popu- lar appeal May day was selected as an | international labor holiday by the In- ternational Socialist Congress of 1889. Q. In what year since the World War were no quarter-dollars coined-— R.J. R. A. They have been coined in each year except 1922. Q Who was the Empress’ Irene?— E. A. Several Byzantine Empresses bore the name, the most famous being the wife of the Emperor Leo IV. Originally an orphan from Athens, she married Leo and after his death ruled as regent for her 10-year-old son, Constantine IV. he ruled with a strong hand for 10 years and when, her son approaching maturity, she feared to lose the throne, sent him into exile. The young heir’s supporters strengthened so the Empress had her son captured and brought back to Ccnstantinople, where his eyes were put out by her orders. She reigned five years longer and considered a marriage with Charlemagne. A conspiracy of nobles overthrew her and exiled her to the Island of Lesho: Q. Is such an address as “Mr. John Jones, Esq.,” correct?—K. L. . When the abbreviation “Esq.” is used it is incorrect also to use “Mr.” Decisicn to retain the two-thirds rule | in the 1932 Democratic convention turns public attention to the historic char- acter of the rule, and has aroused a national debate on its provisions. Its| supporters argue that abolishment would necessitate the removal of the unit rule, | and that the provision is necessary for | the protection of each of the branches of the party. “Without the two-thirds .rule and with the unit rule maintained,” says the Fort Worth Star-Telegram (independent Defhocratic), “a candidate might win the nomination on a minority vote.” The New Orleans Times-Picayune (Democratic) maintains that the rule “has prevented in considerable and saving measure the complete dominance | of Democratic conventions and the se- lection of Democratic candidates by heavily populated States, North and East, that send huge delegations to the convention—yet almost invariably be- | stow thelr electoral votes upon the Re- | publican candidates.” The Scranton Times (Democratic) raises the same ob- jection to a change in the rule. The Yakima Daily Republic (Republican) advises that the century-old requi:eusept “has both tradition and reason em lis side,” and points out that “every poli- tician is bound to admit that it has | enormous potential values to him.” The Topeka Daily Capital (Republican) be- lieves that “the fact that it has never been abrogated, though it has been an | |issue in numerous national conventions, | gives it much prestige among Demo- crats.” “The divergent elements that go to | (Democratic), “have always considered the two-thirds rule as in a measure a protection. The party is strong in the South, where it controls a number of States; in the West, where it must al- ways fight the Republicans for State | control, and in some Eastern metro- | politan_areas, where it has been for many years strongly organized. It is argued that united support of the party voters depends on each of these three | sections enjoying a veto power in the convention through the two-thirds rule.” & rE “Only by keeping the rule intact can the Democratic South wield its rightful influence in the party’s deliberations,” in the opinion of the Birmingham Age- Herald (Dermocratic), which adds that “it gives the other sections the same power.” The Columbia (S. C.) Record contends: “Always there is a tendency for the party to fly apart, It split into two groups, despite the two-thirds rule, in 1860 and in 1896, but the two-thirds rule has been a device for holding the conflicting elements together by forc- ing the nomination of candidates more or less agreeable to both interests. It gives either group the power of veto in normal years, and this power of veto is of some especial importance to the Sduthern States.” Similar arguments are made by the Houston Chronicle (Democratic), while the Abilene Reporter (independent Democratic) remarks: “The chief value of the rule is that it keeps designing] politicians fror packing the convention | with hand-picked delegates. It is com- paratively easy to achieve a majority, | but stretching it to a good two-t.htrds‘ is something else again.” The Okla- | homa City Oklahoman (independent), | however, advises that at some future | time the party “should bury the rule 50 deep that it never will be heard of | the head, not in his legs. He moves on when he thinks he will. And when an American business man is depressed the slump is in his hea This silly depression has gone on long enough. Get rid of it. It is inside of you. LA ke, 3 Sou a0 not: at: | Get. you not al- Mu:l& ‘What do you think? Two-Thirds Rule Defended And Assailed as Future Guide again.” The Columbia (Mo.) Daily Tribune (Democratic) declares that it “was born of ruthless political power,” and advises that “presidential minority candidates and dark horses favor its continuance, at any rate \ lile there’s hope for them.” o “There is no reason,” maintains the Youngstown Vindicator (independent Democratic), “why the Democrats should cling to their rule that the votes of two-thirds of the delegates are neces- sary to bring about a nomination. Time honored as the rule is, it is not sacred. Many of Gov. Roosevelt's op- ponents agreed with him that it should be changed. They do not believe that, on the whole, it has tended to make their party more democratic; indeed, instead of insuring majority rule, it has often put control of the convention into the hands of a minority. Under the two-thirds rule, one-third can impose their will upon the rest. Again there is nothing in the history of the party— save the one instance in 1912, when the friends of Woodrow Wilson held out and nominated him against Champ Clark’s majority—to show that the two- thirds rule brings out better men. The Republicans have no such rule and have gotten along very well, merely by requiring a majority to nominate. The two-thirds rule has always been & source of dissensions and division.” “The theory that a nomination by two-thirds vote,” remarks the Morgan- town Dominion - News (independent Democratic), “would show a more gen=- eral concurrence of sentiment in favor of a particular individual, would carry with it greater moral weight and be more favorably received than one made by a smaller number, has not been borne out by subsequent history. Time after time it has been the cause of pro- longed and bitter struggles that have created party feuds and hatreds. The convention has the power to change the rule, though the procedure presents many difficulties. Most likely the change, if it comes, will be the result of State conventions. It is not likely that this old tradition will be thrown overboard as a planned piece of emer- gency strategy in support of factional interests.” “It is possible,” says the Miami Dafly News (Democratic), “that the rule may some time be repealed. But if it is to be repealed, the thing should be done in the disinterested caim of a between- sessions Jull.” With this there is agree- ment by the Cleveland News (Repub- lican), the Baltimore Sun (independent Democratic), the Nashville Banner (in- dependent) and the New York Times (independent). —_—— rw————— Chronic. Prom the Ann Arbor Daily News. The Japanese have launched a “new offensive” in Manchuria, but, we un- derstand, from a Chinese source, that the Japanese are never anything. but offensive in Manchuria. i3 R The Shooter Shot. Prom the Lynchburz News. Senator Smith Wildman Bro said to be an expert nurkmmnn.‘: this time, apparently, he has been the target—and a riddled target at that. ——————— Tell Tales. From the Boston Evening Transcript. This fingerprinting of children have one good result—it will mfi exasperated mothers to trace the real culprit in the jam closet. The Chilean Paradox. From the Charleston (S. C.) Evening Post. The new Chilean government has evidently decided to be Socialistic cnly to extent that Socialism pays from