Evening Star Newspaper, February 25, 1932, Page 8

A8 THE. EVENING S e e _— THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Merning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C THURSDAY...February 25, 1982 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: - wew' Yotk Sifce:"TH0 Bust 3048 ghicaro Offce: Lake Michisan Bullding. uropesn Office 14 Regent M., London. Englan Rate by Carrier Within the City. Sc per month 80c per month The Bunday Star T oopy O B Gt 135 el oF telphone Ational Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. y and Sunda By saf ° ay only All Other States and Canada. yr.. $12.00° 1 mo., $1.00 B R 1S Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively ertitled %0 the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited (o it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news publiahied ‘herein. " All rizhts of publiation of special dispatches hercin are also reserved. — —— - An Indirect Note to Japan. Secretary Stimson's letter to Senator Borah outlining the policy of the United States In regard to Japan's aggression upon China is not to be catalogued as a state paper, and yet it will go on the records of this lamentable development in Asia as an important definition. While addressed simply to an individ- ual American, who is incidentally the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Senate, it is in effect addressed to the governments of Eu- rope, parties to certaln treatles affect- ing the Far East and especially to the Asiatic powers now in confiict. The Secretary of State, through the medium of this letter, notifies Japan that in the opinion of the United States her forces in China are violat- ing treaties made with this Govern- ment and with other powers. He calls 10 the attention of Japan the fact that any modification of the nine-power treaty, which developed from the Wash- ington Conference of 1921-22, whether it is effected by conference or by vio- lative acts committed at Shanghal, Jeaves the United States free to recede from its naval and fortifications agree- ment with Japan. Furthermore, the Secretary of State virtually invites those governments which are to meet in the League Assembly March 3 to take the position now occupied by the ‘United States, and hje predicts that the moral force of world opinion will in effect outlaw Japan and will result in the restoration to China of rights and titler of which she may have been de- prived. It may be that this “note” will be more effective as an admonition than would a direct statement to Tokio. That capital has shown a definite sensitiveness to world opinion. It has sought to justify Japan's aggressive ac- tion on the plea of national mecessity. It has urged that China is not & prop- erly organized or a fully responsible nation. It has with considerable in- genuity, though without sctual ef- fectiveness, undertaken to obscure the true sequence of events at Shanghal in order to appear to have been the victim of Chirese attack. Quite ®b- viously it does not desire to occupy the role of an aggressor, as a-breaker of treaties, as a seeker for the territory of others. p 1f there is solidarity of world opinion against the Japanese campaign at Shanghai—leaving out of consideration for the time the matter of Manchuris, which is in its own category—the gov- ernment at Toklo will doubtless at once seek a way to quit & situation which has become diplomatically untenable and which is apparently becoming im- possible of military maintenance short of war on a grand scale. In all likeli- hood Japan would welcome & proposal of adjudication that would enable her to withdraw her forces from the Shanghal area without confession of either diplomatic or military blunder- ing. ——— When Japan behaved with so much severity toward the American aviators who took photographs, she had more on her mind than the world in general suspected. The incident was attributed to the sensitiveness of a proud nation accustomed to rigld observance of for- malities. The resentment now appears to have been founded on entirely prac- tical considerations, and the politeness with which it was finally adjusted was & reminder that while poker as a card game belongs to the New World, the “poker face” has a place in Oriental civilization's earliest antiquity. — e Actors tried in Los Angeles for play- ing “Lysistrata” were acquitted of charges of impropriety. The moral effect of such & trial is unfortunate. It gives any scenario writer who is at- tacked for disclosing & rowdy mind en- couragement to feel that he is being ciassed as another Aristophanes. ra— The Wonder-Box Sheriff Qusted. Gov. Roosevelt of New York has dis- missed Sheriff Farley of New York County upon one of the charges brought by Counsel Seabury of the State Legis- Jative Investigating Committee. That charge was that the sheriff had failed to explain satisfactorily the source of his large bank deposits, far in excess of his salary. The Governor refused to consider other charges, that gambling had been carried on at the sheriff’s district club, that the sheriff had res fused to testify at a private hearing before a subcommittee. He expressed regret that the sheriff had retained interest on funds which were in his official eustody, but held that this did not constitute cause for dismissal, as it had been a long standing practice and legislation was required to forbid it. But on the point of the sherifi’s wealth, in great excess of his salary and other known legitimate income, the Governor held to the position which he outlined the other day in his examination of the accused officer, that a public official must be ready to prove his personal as well as his official honesty. 8o the sheriff goes out and in a few days the Governor will nominate and the State Senate will probably confirm | in business or other property, there will | filling the vacancy caused by the ouster the Governor will not go any further in the direction of antagonizing Tammany Hall. If he can find & worthy man cn Leader Curyy's list, a man who is likely to be at least moderate in his “wonder box” finanding, he will probably appoint him. ‘The ouster of Parley was expected. There were certain political exigencies that required the sacrifice. Sheriff Tom had just been unlucky enough to draw the focus of public notice upen that bottomless tin box of his, and it really could not be expected that the Gov- ernor, with a presidential campaign at hand in which he is keenly concerned, would spare him the pain of parting with the sources of supply. Buj§ was it required that the Governor should go 50 far as to lay down the postulate of integrity for office holders that placed the burden of proof of honesty upon the accused? That is what is graveling the sachems of Tammany, and while they may accept the dismissal as one of the chances of politics that must taken, they are reported to be hotly in- dignant at the Governor's preachment of purity for all who hold public place. ———.—— “Bootlegged” Gasoline. While Virginia is proposing the color- | ful resort te “border patrols” to pre- vent the bootlegging of untaxed gaso- i line into the State from the District, we have a small problem of the same sort on our hands here in Washington that is now recelving the attention of | the District assessor. Representatives of oil companles contend that large quantities of gasoline are shipped over the river from the District to Virginia and sold in that State without paying the gas tax. For some time there have been charges that gasoline, in unde- termined amounts, is being sold in the District without paying the tax. The District collects the gasoline tax from the importers. As all of the im- porters are listed at the District Build- ing, it should be a relatively small matter to institute & careful check and 1t should be & relatively simple matter to prevent any evasion of the tax. The large, established companies which im- port gasoline and which distribute the greater portion of it here are almost automatically removed from suspicion because of the simple fact that they have nothing to galn by tax evasion and, if apprehended in such an act, stand to lose a great deal more than the $500 fine. For them the gasoline | tax amounts to a bookkeeping trans- action, as they merely serve as col- lecting agents for the District and pass the cost directly to consumers, to whom they sell the gasoline at an established price. A careful investigation of the small number of independent importers should reveal at once whether there] is any evasion of the tax on their part. Suspicion has been directed to-| ward the street venders of gasoline, but these are required to have evidence showing the source of their gasoline purchase and receipts for payment of the gas tax, and frequent inspections of such credentials have shown that they pay a gasoline tax. One of the greatest factors account- ing for the popularity of the gasoline tax as a means of raising revenue has been the ease with which the tax is collected. If there is any evasion of this tax in the District, it must be small. The amount of actual evasion is therefore of less importance than the assurance, on the part of the tax col- lectors, that they now possess adequate regulation over the importation of gasoline and are famillar with all of the channels of trade in the District through which it flows. Arlington County’s Difficulties, Stockholders in a commercial enter- prise that collected and spent $625,000 of their money annually would, as one of the obviously necessary precautions, require some system of regular auditing at frequent intervals to guarantee, at least, that the books were being kept correctly and that there was at all times avallable a statement of accounts and balances. One of the interesting dis- closures in connection with Arlington County’s financial difficulties is that the books have not been audited by the county for four years, and that the most recent State audit was eighteen months ago. While there is apparently a shortage of county funds, there is no sxplanation of the reasons for the short- age, and the county faces the prospect of having to borrow $100,000 before March 1 or accept the alternative of curtailing school work and other im- portant county functions. ‘The adoption by Arlington County voters of the county manager form of government, which took effect at the first of the year, was in recognition of the fact that the old county form of government as now existing in the Na- tion has become antiquated and inade- quate in the light of modern conditions. ‘There is a growing tendency to look upon government, even in the smaller political units, as & business enterprise that needs the close and constant at- tention of trained executives. And when taxpayers exercise the same dili- gent control over their tax money that most of them, as private individuals, exercise over personal funds invested | be fewer such difficulties of the sort| now faced by Arlington County, e It is impossible to dismiss a really good story from popular consciousness. There will always be youngsters firm in the belief that George Washington chopped the cherry tree. And perhaps that belief will be of more help than & precocious skepticism in enabling them to grow up into honorable and re- | sponsible citizenship. | e | The open-door policy is not so promi- | nent in discussion while China is wait- | ing to see whether anything can be done policy. J— Chiang and Feng. As a side light on the “state of war” in China comes a dispatch from Nan- king to the effect that it is expected that Chiang Kai Shek will be named commander of the army that is to be organized to drive the Japanese out of | Manchuria, while Feng Yu Hsiang is to command the army that is to drive the Japanes: out of the Shanghal | Chiang-Feng feud. about Japan’s cru)|-lhe-¢ue+ | Yu Hstang are-far from being friends. They have fought several wars. Feng recently went down to Shanghal from his northern retreat to be on hand in the event of something happening to Chiang Kai Shek, who had gone “on vacation” to his home province, to cause his definite ouster from the government. Then came the Japanese invasion. Feng merged into the back- ground of military personalities and did not appear in any consplcuous role. This Nanking dispatch would seem to indicate that Chiang and Feng are not going to work together on the same front. There is really no: room enough for them in the same mllitary organiza- tion. If Chiang goes north to command & force to recapture Manchuria there will be a chance for Feng, who is a capable military commander, to demon- strate his quality on thémore impor- tant front. If Chiang ean effect the recovery of Manchuria—presumably with the forces which are now com- manded by the incompetent Chang Hsueh Liang, former marshal of Man- churia and still by title generalissimo of the Northern Army of China—and if Feng can drive the Japanese out of Shanghal, then indeed will there be a chance for a grand finale of the There are, how- ever, a good many “ifs” in the matter, chief of which is that which pertains to the authenticity of the Nanking news itself, ————— There are diplomats who will fear that these splendid reminders of the words and deeds of Washington may have to be classed among the messages [ hide the beating he: AR, W TH IS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Those who think that “the American temper” is something new, unknown before the present sge, should read what Emerson wrote in his journal in the year 1852. “The head of Washington hangs lg my dining room for & few days past, he wrote, “and I cannot keep my eyes off it. It has a certain Appalachian strength, as if it were truly the first | fruits of America and expressed the country. “The heavy, leaden eyes turn on you, as the eyes of an ox in the pasture. And the mouth has gravity and depth of quiet, as if this man had absorbed all the serenity of America, and left none for his restless, rickety, hyster- ical countrymen.” So the reader knows what one of the great intellectuals of a past gen- eration thought of his fellow countr: men, in the privacy of his Sournal. - What would he think today, if he could see America awheel, if he could have read the draft statistics as to the physieally unfit, if he could have wit- nessed the receptions to flyers?, Such _criticisms are ;n’enunv not tory. It will nof or sy O fl:“::ndryon his hind legs and yelp the moment some one Says sometbing with which he does not agree. Emerson was one of our wisest men in his day—maybe he was right, after all, when he contrasted the serenity of Washington with the actions of the majority of the men of 1852. Those pre-war days were “troublous times," indeed, which any one gan sense by looking back on them in Ris- tory books. Even the calmness o{ ek on fair white pages canno Dt the arts, tbe restless- ness of those days. It s no wonder that came too late. ——— Rum runners held a business meeting and a banquet at Halifax, Nova Scotia. The proceedings were of & nature to convey assurance that hard times had not dealt at all severely with this par- ticular line of industry, ) P 1t is interesting to note that the head of Washington which hung in Emer- son’s dining room made exactly the same impression upon him which it makes upon us of today. That calm majesty, that gravity “deptl l\'fl?\ in cheap reproductions of the best portraits of Gen. Washington, has al- that some of it seemed hysterical. * and Not being an advertising expert, the gentleman who, because of loneliness, | pretended to be kidnaped now finds himself with a lavish amount of pub- licity and nothing to sell. o Arlington County, Va., finds qualified satisfaction in a prosperity so great as to cauge suspicion that an official is tempted to indulge in & heavy shortage of funds. ——— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDTE. JOHNSON More Advice. The duty now appears to be, Oof ¢ / man mature, To lecture youth and bid it see A future all secure. Youth must be bold to blaze & way From ancient ways apart. And yet, when starting things, I'll say “Be Careful What You Start.” Yours is the privilege to ride Where once your grandsires trudged, Or even in the Heavens wide, ‘Where old 'uns never budged. It's wonderful what you can do, With all this modern art! And yet, friend youth, I say to you “Be Careful What You Start.” Man's ancient hopes and fears survive In this enchanted age. Do not believe you can contrive To write on history’s page A little story of your own All glorious and smart. Great disappointments still are known. Be Careful What You Start. If, as a singer, off the key Your first note should be found All of the song will surely be Of a discordant sound. The first mistake will oft awake Regret to chill your heart. Be true to what you undertake! Be Careful What You Start! Habitual Negation. “What makes your eminent colleague so intractable?” \ “He is in what I might gall & state of habitual negation,” answered Senator Sorghum. “He is in such fear of being referred to as & ‘yes man' that he auto- matically says ‘no’ to everything.” Jud Tunkins says the number of great men who were farmers would be encouraging if it weren't for the fact that they all went to town and studied law. Should Not Be Crowded Out. Great patriots earn a praise immense. In the displays of eloquence Their own remarks are far from few That still should be worth listening to. Parking Problem Solved. “How about & new limousine?” sald the salesman. “I don’t want any,” answered Mr. Dus- tin Stax. “I think I have found & way to solve my parking problems.” “How's that?"” “I'm going to purchase one of these big busses ordinarily used for public transportation, and ride in it all by myself.” “A war never effaces taxes,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “It only decides who shall gather them.” Gentle Usury. I fed a shivering mocking bird. This promise I in fancy heard, “For you I soon shall sing my best And pay this debt with interest.” “Dey say travel improves you,” said Uncle Eben, “but I knows a man dat worked on a steamboat an’ seemed to git wusser every year. e e Out of the Frying Pan. From the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Yeah, we know this is Leap year, but what into? That's the question the politicians, labor, capital and the pro- letariat want answered. e v And That’s Something! Prom (he Des Moines Regiater. China seems big and soft, says & mili- tary correspondent. But maybe Japan never tried to carry a feather bed up | the attic stairs, —— e ! The Relic. ! From the Minneavolis Journal. The hick town, if there is one left, is where the prominent citizen breathed hard when he received his comic valen- tine, o area. If this is true—and it is not at Mr. Coolidge Laughed. another sheriff. Already Leader Curry|once to be accepted as fact—a mmL‘Yrom the Indianapolis News. of Tammany is going over a list of names to be submitted to the Governor - dr his pelection. It is expecied thit in in China. Chiang Kai Shek and Feng of something else &t interesting and significant change has come about at the seat of government Al Jolson is said to have made Calvin Coolidge laugh, but it is entirely pos- sible that Mr. Coolidge was thinking time, Ways held the attention of his coun- trymen. It is no disrespect to him to say that these precice features are what makes the head of Washington such a good e stamp. Even in these minla- fures—which is what & good engraving on a stamp is—the great worth of the man is apparent The sage of Concord surely meant no disrespect to Washington when he spoke of his eyes, “the eyes of an ox in the pasture.” You see, Emerson had a high regard for the ox—for animals in general. He did not view the brute creatures as unworthy, but merely as different. He knew, as did Walt Whitman (whom he acmired very much), that there is something fine in animal eyes. In putting his words as he did, In the sanctity of his own private thoughts, he not only paid tribufe to the eyes of the hero, stating succinctly what particularly distinguishes them from trivial eyes, but also he did honor to the depth of natural quality in ani- mal eyes. ‘The poet honored animals in the fol- lowing lines: “I think I could turn and live with ani- mals, they are so placid and self- contained; I stand and look at them long and long. They do not sweat and whine about their condition; They do not lle awake in the dark and weep for their sins; They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God.” The animals, in other words, do not talk one way and do another; they are what they are, and this sureness is evi- h of quiet,” which peers out at one, | dent in them by merely lmkhu. at them. Whitman. thought that they brought him “evidences of himself.” * x * % George Washington bring to’ beholders Something of the same spirit. It is impossible to look at them and nat realize that here was an exceptional man, but very much like other men. And do you know our idea of what it was, above all, which made this man exceptional? It was his idea of seem- liness. It is the lack of this idea which makes human beings restless, hysteri- cal, even rickety (for the first two Te- act Inimically upon the physical being). ‘Washington looked like a President. he acted like a President. Historical research has shown that while he was Dot & saint, on the other hand he was not merely a common man. He had some- thing which the common fellow never secures, and that was an appreciation of the seemliness of character. His conduct and attitude were de- cent, decorous, becoming in his rela- tions With his public. He knew that & man must live up to what he knows and is. This is an attitude Which many human beings of today seem to lack. They feel that the comparative freedom of this era, at least in Amer- ica, gives them a right to act as they please without comment from others Thus, 8 man may act the reprobate, but expects his friends to greet him with & smile. He takes advantage of the spirit of the age, which smugly smiles and says, “Yes, I know I did 50 and 80, but you must not let on that you know about it, If you do, you are a poor sport.” George Washington probably had as many failings as most men, but when he got up to address his fellow citizens he looked the part and he acted the part. He did not find it necessary to simper or to pretend that he liked something or other just because all of his friends liked jt. One can feel not listen to crooners over his radio. but would turn on his set only for good music and the best addresses. * o ox o The solemnity of this wonderful man fis impressive still in all his portraits and _statues. There s serenity there. Here is one man, one feels, who exemplified the lines of Longfellow about life being real, earnest. The face has the strength of the mountains. It calls to the dissatisfied spirit in man, and seems to say: “This man knew your problems. He was & great success in everything he under- took, but that did not prevent him from understanding the state of mind of men who might not be as successful 85 he was or as they wished to be themselves.” Just as there is no trace of frivolity in his pictured face which has come down to us, so there is not one bit of contempt for the common man. Wash- ington was an aristocrat, as such things g0, but if he were alive today and could come riding down our great avenues in his big sutomobile (which, of course, would be “a block long") he would be among the first to give a fellow a lift. One may feel quite sure of that. His democracy was not of the sort which yowled about the “common pee- pul,” but precisely the sort which made the common people feel safe with him. One can imagine that courtesy, for instance, was not to be called into for his so-called equals only, but for all occasions in- volving his meetings with his fellows of all ranks and degrees. It was because his face had some of the noble immobility of the animals that he appealed to all classes of his countrymen. He was a man who could be trusted. And he can be trusted yet. GENEVA OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. It it isn't “la crise” (depression), it's “Ia brise” (the north wind) that the Genevese talk about nowadays. “La brise,” which sweeps down from the Alps’ with galelike fury and whips across Lake Geneva in midwinter for days st a time, entitles the League metropolis to be known as the Chicago of Switzerland—the Windy City. Ac- customed as Conference Americans are to cold weather, “la brise” sets their blood to tingling, their ears and feet to freezing, and themselves to hugging the radiators in their hotel rooms. The northern blasts are characteristic of this southwestern corner of William Tell's land. They must be responsible for the large number of rosy-cheeked babies, boys and girls hereabouts, * ok k% Geneva is the home town of Mme. Marc Peter, wife of the Swiss Min- ister at Washington. Her husband and she still own a villa on the outskirts of the city and spend alternate Sum- mers there. Mme. Peter is the daughter of a former president of the Swiss Confederation, the late Adrien *Lach- enal. Her brother, Adrien Lachenal II, is one of the leaders of the Swiss bar. He is & member of both the Pro- vincial Parliament of the Canton of Geneva and of the Federal Parliament at Bern. The Lachenal ancestral home fronts Lake Geneva on the Quai Mont Blanc, in the heart of the hotel | section of Geneva. From its windows on clear days the famous Alpine peak is visible across the shimmering waters of the lake and the snow-capped heights of intervening Alpine ranges. * X % x Herr Adolf Hitler, who by the time these observations reach the United States may be pitted against Pield Marshal von Hindenburg for the presi- dency of Germany, has an unofficial observer at the Disarmament Confer- ence. He is Maj. Gen. Franz Ritter von Epp, retired, who came down from Munich to keep an eve peeled on Chancellor Bruening's delegation. The general, who commanded a Bavarian t during the World War, has his own lightning rod up for the Reich , but has little expectation of achieving it. That the “Nazis” under Hitler's leadership will win the forth- coming Prussian Diet elections, Von I:y qeclnru.mu a lfcn'-lzune conclusion. may not capture a majority, but they will attain the same enoimoufi strength, he claims, which they got in the Reichstag landslide of September. 1930. “We have the youth with us," explains Gen. von Epp, means power, sooner or later. * x x % nd that On the eve of the opent e bDI‘:hlrmn;lesv, k(k;n(rren('ge o op of York, in Geneva fro) ng- land on an ecclesiastical mm::nFrE_ opened the cantankerous European controversy about “war guilt” 1In & sermon at the Cathedral of St. Pierre —the St. Peter’s of Calvinistic Prot- estantism—the archbishop advocated erasure from the treaty of Versailles of the clause fastening responsibility for the war on the Germanic powers. The eminent Anglican churchman. who ranks just behind the Archbishop | of Canterbury and, therefor far from his Britannic ‘majesty’ humselt stirred up columns of correspondence. pro and con, in the London press, not- ably the Times. The thing he pro- poses is one of Germany's irreconcil- able demands. Annihilation of “the war-guilt lie,” as they dub it, is the main plank in the Hitler platform. ‘The Archbishop of York looks about as little like a clerical of high degree as imaginable. He is fat, triple-chinned. red-cheeked and jolly as a tar. In the early forties, his grace is the young- est man ever to attain the coveted archbishopric of York. He speaks with a silver tongue. * x ¥ % Eight young women from Washing- ton—six “from the State Department and one each from the War and Navy Departments—are valuable adjuncts of the American delegation at the arms the Arch- | conference. Miss Lilllan C. Wall, who |18 secretary to Brig. Gen. George S. | Simonds and his staff of experts, was sent to Hawall for the joint Army and Navy maneuvers in 1925, and was here at the preparatory commission for the present Geneva Conference in 1927. Miss Marie L. Baker, secretary to Rear Admiral Arthur J. Hepburn and his staff, attended the London Naval Con- ference in a similar capacity two years ago. The State Department secre- taries are Mrs. Margaret F. Conover, Miss Mary L. Darley, Mrs. Hazel H. Roberts, Miss Margaret Swanson, Mrs. Ruth K. Walles and Mrs. Albena H. ‘Wilcox, x X % % Conference wisecracks: Americans are referring to our delegation as “the Gib- son girls” or “the Woolley lambs.” France, 'tis said, will sign an agreement at Geneva oply If it contains a clause granting her “most pampered nation” rights. Litvinoff, who speaks in the accents of London's Whitechapel, where he lived as a Russian exile, once took a sideswipe at Lord Cecil in a League Council meeting. “I will be glad to reply to the Soviet representative,” said the angular Briton, “as soon as his remarks have been translated into Eng- lish.” Litvinoff always addresses the Disarmament Conference in English. * x ok % One of the most useful jobs being done at Geneva stands to the credit of the Disarmament Committee of the Christian International Organizations. This is & body set up early this year for the purpose of co-ordinating and strengthening the work of Christian groups during the conference and giv- ing expression to the Christian view- point on problems under discussion. The most striking activity of the com- mittee, which is headed by Bertram | Pickard as chairman, is a series of daily | commentaries upon conference proceed- ings by W. Arnold-Forster, well known | authority on disarmament. He is the son of Right Hon. H. O. Arnold- Forster, former secretary to the British admiralty and thereafter war minister in the Balfour cabinet of 1904-5. Another committee activity is the daily intercession service "in the American | Parish Church, in which other churches, both local and foreign, are co-operating. (Copyrignt, 1932) - Daniel Willard Wins Praise for Diploma From the Baltimore Sun. In an account of the meeting of rail- road presidents held in New York re. cently to receive the formal report on the wage negotiation in Chicago the statement was made that the diplomacy of Daniel Willard, president of the Bal- timore & Ohio, alone prevented disrup- | Similar | tion of the wage conference. intimations came more than once while the negotiations were under w The choice of Mr. Willard as chair- man of the Rail Executives’ Committee was due. as was generally recognized. to his demonstrated skill in handling dis- puted issues, in consideration of which a brusque attitude and inability to see quite certain to prevent agreement. And Mr. Willard had one other strong asset in the confidence of labor in his | fairness, as had long been shown in the management of the B, & O, ‘There are hot-headed railroad execu- tives as well as hot-headed labor lead- ers. and a conference to settle the vex- ing questions which had to be dealt | with in Chicaro was calculated to put | tempers on edge. To the extent that | Mr. Willard aided in keeping them un- |rufied and in fostering a conciliatory attitud> he performed a service of out- stan-ing value to the railroads, to their | employes and to the public, Broad Background. From the New York Sun. ‘Think of all the wall the Chinese have $lieir backs to, The best portraits and busts of sure that if he lived today he would | cy | 7 | United States wa. more than one side of the shield are' The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York has dropped the ax on the offi- cial neck of Sheriff Thomas M. Farley of New York County, one of the big boys in the Tammany organization. | Up to date, Tammany has been silent upon the action of the Governor. The rest of the country is likely to applaud the removal of Sheriff Farley, who has I been accused of using his office to feather his nest. Gov. Roosevelt based | his action cn the fact that Farley was unable to explain satisfactorily bank deposits far in excess of the salary he received, bank deposits running up to| more than $300,000. What Tammany | eventually is going to do about all this | remains to be seen. An open break with the Governor over the Farley ouster would scarcely tend to give the Tammany Tiger increased influence in | New York or in the national Demo- | cratic party. As a matter of fact, Tam- many has been a load rather than a lift to the Democratic national pafty in the past. It may be expected that the Tammany leaders will go lightly In connection with the Farley episode for some time to come. * ok ko S0 far the repercusions from the Farley removal in the rest of the country have not been loud. Had the Governor failed, however, to remove the New York County shexd, there prob- ably would have been & great roar, with charges that Roosevelt had bowed to Tammany. Farley and his “tin box” may yet prove to be important factors in the campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination. If Tammany decides to knife the Governor, that fact may not materialize until the Democrats meet in convention in Chicago. Tam- many is likely to control a big bloc of delegates from New York in that con- vention. But if the determination of Tammany to cut down Gov. Roosevelt does materialize in that convention, it may be a two-edged sword, which will also cut down presidential candidates whom Tammany intends to favor. A charge made by the late William Jennings Bryan in the Democratic National Convention of 1912 that the late Speaker Champ Clark had the backing of Tammany Hall did much to ruin the chances of Clark for the presidential nomination. If Tammany turns thumbs down on Gov. Roosevelt next June and seeks to support some other candidate, that other candidate may fare much the same fate of Champ Clark., EE John N. Garner, whose presi- dential boom continues to grow, is still not a ecandidate for the nomination, according to his friends. They con- tinued to boost him for President, how- ever, and the wonder grows as to just | when and how he is to become a bona fide candidate. The presidential nomi- nation has a habit of going to candi- dates. One instance when a party nominated & presidential candidate without his admitting or announcing in any way that he was even a rTe- ceptive candidate is that of the nomi- nation of Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes in 1916, when he was an asso- ciate justice of the Supreme Court. But that seems to be the exception that proves the rule. Compromise candidates have been chosen, it is true, as in the case of Harding and Davis, but both of these gentlemen were admitted candidates for the nomination when the national conventions met. * X ok % Representative Sam Rayburn of Tex- as, chosen by the Texas friends of Speaker Garner, who are legion, to lead the fight for the nomination of the Speaker, has announced that Mr. Gar- ner is not a candidate and that he will not be entered in any of the presidential preferential primaries. Mr. Rayburn also telegraphed to Judge G. H. Howard, at Atlanta, Ga., urging him not to enter the Georgia primaries as a proxy or representative of Garner in any form whatever. Howard had proposed to run as & proxy for Garner, seeking dele- gates to the national convention only to turn them over to the Speaker when the convention meets. The entry of Garner delegates into the Georgia fight might have been dis- astrous for the Texan as a matter of fact. Georgia Democrats were among the first to get in line for the nomina- tion of Gov. Roosevelt of New York. Practically all of the principal leaders of the party in the State have come out for the Roosevelt nomination. To ex- pect them to shift at this late date would be to accuse them of double- dealing propensities, * ok x x Speaker Garner not only is saying nothing about his presidential nomina- tion, but up to the present time has said nothing about prohibition. Per- haps if he can continue to say nothing about his candidacy for the presidency; it he can continue not to be a candi- date, he will be in a position to say. “Why should I discuss prohibition?" Senator Morris Sheppard of Texas, & backer of the Garner boom and author of the eighteenth amendment, has telegraphed drys interested in the atti- tude of Mr. Garner toward national prohibition that Mr. Garner has made no statement regarding prohibition. It would almost seem that Senator Shep- pard, the driest of the drys, is satisfied with Mr. Garner's stand on prohibition, whatever it may be. But Senator Sheppard Was one of those. Texas Democrats who remained regular and supported the candidacy of Al Smith in 1928 after the former Governcr of New York had been nominated for President. If Speaker Garner is to be nominated in Chicago, the prophecy is ventured that it will not be because he is a dry. Indeed, if it develops that he is a dry, his chances of nomination will go glimmering. But then it is not expected that he will come forward as a supporter of the dry cause, Per- haps he will support a referendum proposal, & resubmission of the eight- eenth amendment to the States. He voted against its submission in the House when the resolution proposing the eighteenth amendment was up. Since then he voted for the Volstead act and other enforcement laws. A referendum proposal will not satisfy the dyed-in-the-wool drys, but may gain the favor of e wets. * xRN Senator Alben W. Barkley of Ken- tucky. who comes up for re-election this vear in the Blue Grass State. delivered an address before a joint session of the General Assembly of his State the other day. The Kentucky Senator discussed the problems which confront the Na- tional Legishature and the American people. He left no doubt that here is one Democrat who does not intend ta support any proposal to cancel the debts owed this country by European nations growing out of the World War. He pointed out that when the war came to a close Great Britain found herself with a public debt of more than $40.000,000,000, or about $1.000 for each inbabitant of the British Isles. Other nations of Europe faced equally stag- gering burdens ard the debt of the $26,000,000.000. Ger- many, the loser of the war, in addition to her own debts, was “fined” a total of $32,000,000,000, to be paid as repara- tions. “Now the world recognizes,” said Senator Barkley, “the serious question whether Germany can pay it, and those who were supposed to get it are intimating that we in America ought to pay it by canceling the debts which | 1 . ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDER Anyre‘duclnrrctlhelnlmw any question by writing to our Infor- mation Bureau in Washington, D. C. ;l;hl.l offer applies strictly to informa- on. on Jegal, medical and financial matters. It does not attempt to settle domestic troubles, or undertake exhsustive re- search on any subject. Write your question plainly and briefly. Give full name and address and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. ‘The reply is sent direct to the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Fregeric J. Haskin, Director, Washington, games first held?—A. B. H. A. They were first held Chamonix, France. Q. How much is the new United State Supreme Court Building to cost? —O. P. A. The contract price is $8,383.000 It will take approximately three years for completion. in 1024 st Q. How many tons of shipping are owned by the House of Mitsui?>—F. R. A Three and a quarter million tons of shipping—equal to the whole mer- cantlle marine of France—are under the Mitsui flag. Q. What percentage of the turkeys that are hatched are usually raised?— H. D. A. Before 1920 only 30 to 70 per cent were raised. Due to control of the diseases which attack turkeys, the per- centage has been raised to 85 to 90 per cent of the hatch. Q. What motion picture stars will play leading roles in the plcturization of “Grand Hotel” the famous stage play and book of that name?—H. G. A. An announcement has been made that Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Wallace Beery, John and Lionel Bar- rymore and Lewis Stone will star in this pleture. Q. What is meant by first, second, third and fourth movement in a musi- cal composition?—P. H. S. A. This refers to the different parts of a plano or orchestral composition, such as a symphony or a sonata. These different movements are written in, different tempos and have different themes, and are in reality separate com- positions united into the same work by a continuity of style of composition. Q Is a grammar school education necessary for enlistment in the United States Army?—W. L. A. A grammar school education is desirable, but not indispensable. person who cannot speak, read and write the English langusge is ineligi- ble for enlistment. Q. How much money is spent with cleaners and dyers in a year in this country?—P. 8. A. The Nation's bill is about $500,- 000,000. Q. What will be the size of the lake created by the Hoover dam?—S. A. C. A. It is estimated that it will be 115 miles in length and will hold 30,500,- 000 acre feet of water, enough to cover Ll’m Sruff of New York to the depth of 1 foot. Q. How tall was George Washington's father?—V. C. A. Nancy Turner, in her “The Mother of Washi ," quotes an acquaintance of Augustine’s as saying, “Six feet in height he was, of noble appearance and manly proportions, with the most ex- traordinary muscular power. Over at the Principia Iron Works, where he acted as agent, he used to lift up and place in & wagon a mass that two ordi- ‘The Bureau cannot give advica Q. When were the Winter Olymplc IC 1. HASKIN. [ m&m} };!(er is used most as e e I.fld hardly have raised from A. TSe letter S. The proportio frequeney of its use as compared the least used, X, is 1,104 to 4. Q. What is bimetallism?>—A. M A, It is the concurrent use of two retals, usually gold and silver, as the iegal monetary standard of a counz'r) ai a fixed relative vaiue, both met’, being legal tender and being subject to free and unlimited coinage. Q. How much of the earth is Inhab- itable?’—R. B. A, Scientists estimate that 40 per cent of the land area of the earth is | desert, 30 per cent is cultivable, and 30 per cent poor grazing land, marsh, iorest, waste and high mountains. \| There s no agreement as to the exact | portion that is inhabitable. . Q. How do vou convert Fahrenheit scale to Centigrade?’—B. N. M, A. Subtract 32 and multiply by five- ninths, Q. Was King Albert of Helgium the first reigning sovereign to visit this country?—P., O'B. A. Many newspaper and periodical accounts of the visit of King Albert of Belgium to the United States in Octo- ber, 1919, make the statement that this was the first time that a reigning sov- ereign had ever visited the United States. However. Dom Pedro II. Em- peror of Brazil, attended the Philadel- phia Centennial Exposition, in 1876. Although he came as a private individ- ual, he was still Emperor at that time as he did not abdicate until 1889 Q. How many professional nurses are there’—A, W. D. A. The Committee on the Grading of Nurses' Schools says that on Janu- ary 1, 1932. there were 233,805 nurses in"the profession. Q What is meant horses’ teeth"?—R. N. A. Floating is in this sense a syno- nym for filing. Q. Did Roosevelt give William How- ard Taft his first appointment in the Philippines?—J. K. A. Taft went to the islands as pres- ident of the second Philippine com- mission in 1900 under McKinley and was occupying that post when Roose- velt became President in 1901. Q. What became of the redwood stump that was in the grounds of the Department of Agriculture fa Wash- ington?—C. A. C. \ A. This is the stump of a glaat red- wood tree. It has been removed ta Ar- lington Farms, Va. The stump was first exhibited at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Q. When were public evening schook started’—C. E. S. A. Louisville, Ky, was one of the first cities to experiment with them. In November, 1834, a small public eve- ning school was opened. In 1833 in New York some evening schools were opened which were free in one sense, but not exactly public. For this rea= son the credit is given to Loulsville. Q. What*was the Government reve- nue from tobacco last year?—J. J. J. A. The internal revenue from to- bacco for the fiscal year 1931 was $444,276,000, Tefiwmt does D. O. M. stand for?— 'A. Tt stands for Deo Optimo Maximo, ::lnln. To God, the Best, the' Great- s by “floating For Defeat Bipartisan defeat of the La Follette- Costigan bill for the making of a Federal foundation for unemployment relief is commended by the public in discussion of the action in Congress. It is pointed out that the Federal ‘Treasury would be subjected to & se- vere strain, that the “dole” has been disastrous in other countries and that State and city relief produces more satisfactory results. It is further sug- gested that the money for this purpose would come from taxation of the same States that received the relief money. Action by Congress, in the opinion of the Charleston (W. Va.) Dally Mall, “should prove an effective check to dole advocates,” and that paper finds “an encouraging feature of the vote” in “the way party lines were broken.” The Daily Mail holds that “private charity seems amply able to take care of the need until economic readjust- ment brings relief.” The Richmond News Leader sees the defeat of the bill as “a cause for national congratula- tion,” with the belief that “it would have set up a new organized minority, which would have clamored for larger and larger sums, until the Federal Government was committed to an ex- travagant system of unemployment in- surance.” “Even were the conditions as bBad as painted, that fact would not alter the principles of local responsibility and mutual self-help,” says the San An- tonio Expre: “certainly it fs preferable that those who can should give directly and vol- untarily, pulsion.” The Indianapolis News offers the appraisal: “The bipartisan group which turned back the Treasury raiders has rendered a public service of far- reaching importance and strengthened the growing feeling that this is one of the ablest Congresses in the history of the country.” * ok Kk X “Stripped of its rosy clouds, this ‘gift’ appears to be tax money which the Federal Treasury would have to extract from the peodle of the same States,” thinks the Scn Francisco Chronicle, with the furtiier assumption that “the States with the greatest relief probleras would conribui> more than they would get back, and the States with the least unemployment would get more than they would contribute.” Observing that “administration Re- publicans and conservative Democrats were acting together,” the Cincinnati Times-Star makes the comment: “This is not a denial of aid, but in effect an indorsement of the declaration of Sena- tor Reed that ‘Federal aid is extremely unwise, the most wasteful and inef- cient means possible.’ Britain's disas- trous experience with the dole and its dramatic about-face last year when it saw the abyss ahead was probably a more telling argument than any ad- vanced in the long debate. to accepted American theory, relief is, first of all, the function of relatives and neighbors, then of the community, then of the State. To shoulder it on the National Government is to do it badly, to open the way to multiplied abuses and to make the system hang on like a millstcne after the need has passed.” “The unfortunate effects of anything in the shape of a dole would seem to be sufficiently apparent in the experi- ences of some of the other nations,” declares the Port Huron Times Her- ald, while the Lowell Evening Leader warns that “once such a measure was adopted, a precedent would be estab- lished which would surely lead to heavy raids on the Treasury, for which the public would pay dearly.” The Lincoln State Journal comments: “The Gov- they owe us, under the theory that the cne victorious nation which got nothing out of the war should continue to pay and pay and pav. I am as generous of keart and as liberal of purse as my eircumstances will permit, but I am un- willing at this juncture of the world's affairs to see the whole burden of this European misadventure left on the backs of the American people, for you l may cancel all European debts, if you | will, but you cannot cancel our own war debt which repre ts in large degree money which w Europe, except by paying it.” ernment is now casting about for a billion and a quarter in additional rev- enue in order to balance the Nation's budget. It has already been obligated to the extent of two billions in an ef- fort to stimulate business. Uncle Sam, short of money as he is, cuts a poor figure as a money lender.” SR “Even if it vrre desirable to start the dole when experience has shown it to be demoralizing.” says the Duluth loaned to Herald, “the amount proposed was a | run bitter joke. Treating Nation-wide un- A Public Commends Congr , with the conclusion that | ather than indirectly, by coms | According | ess of Federal Dple employment with ‘that sum of money would be like trying to relieve a drouth- stricken bonanza wheat farm with one of those silly little instruments which people hopefully use to spray thelr throats.” Looking forward to further possible efforts, the Springfield (Mass.) Repub- lican remarks: “Every Senator who spoke in opposition to the bill qualified his opposition with the pledge that he would vote for direct Federal relief the moment the necessity for it had come. Senator Reed of Pennsylvania in par- ticular was explicit in taking that posi- tion. Even Senator Fess, who more than any other Senator argued in op- position an the basis of principle, ad- mitted that as a last resort there could be no escape from direct Federal ap- propriations for relief purposes.” The Dayton Daily News, quoting ref- erences to the enterprise as a “dole,” suggests: “It is, of course, no more of a dole than the local relief which President Hoover and Senator Fess favor. It is a mere extensidén of the | dole principle to the National Govern- ment. Because the National Govern- ment is so far from home, its levies so easily made, many a citizen who is not in the least hard of heart dreads | the beginning of such a thing.” “VYolunteer” Cotton May Beat Weevils From the San Antonio Evening News. Many Texas farmers are planning to produce a cotton crop on last year's stalks. Because of abundant Winter rains and the absence of frost, plants in numerous flelds are growing green and some are blooming. Ordinarily the old | stalks would have been plowed under to lessen the boll weevils, but wet weather has kept most farmers out of the fields. Insects probably will be | more numerous than the average, but | the Winter has been so mild that plow= | ing would not have reduced them greate |1y. Cultivating the “voluntcer” cottonm | will have one advantage—perhaps the bolls will mature before the bugs re- appear in destructive hosts. Growing early cotton from the old stalks was a regular industry along the | Texas Gulf Coast until the process was | found to favor the weevil's multiplica~ tion. This method speeds up the harvest by several weeks, of course. It | is recalled that by such means an en- terprising Duval County farmer took first-bale premium for several seasons— until the exchanges ruled volunteer cot- |ton out of the competition. Though | some planters assert that such farming will not violate the acreaz>-reduction law, it will not release them from & | moral—and economic—ob'igation to {‘r:: cotton on but 30 per cent of their | e — |Federal Fegulation Of Trucks Favored From the Texarkana Gazette. The Couzens bill to place motor busses and trucks under Federal control. just as the railroads are controlled by the Interstate Commerce Commission, seems to be drawing forth some interesting testimony. Leo J. Flynn, examiner for the cote mission, told a Senate fommitiee the other day that trucks displaced mor* than 150,000 freight cars in 19304n the movevemt of live stock alone. Meditam, on that figure for a moment and yo can easily understand why the raflroads have been having a hard time lately. ‘That, of course, does not mean that trucks and busses ought to be abglished for the sake of the railroads. does seem tq indicate, though, that the rail- roads’ competitors ought to come under | the samie sort of regulation that applies to the rgilroads. ——— | Everybody Running. Prom the Coliimbus Ohio State Journal. Candidates are getting 5o numerous it would be easier for the newspapers to piett { persons who aren’t rup for ugayt%m except street cars ming