Evening Star Newspaper, February 25, 1932, Page 5

STIMSON'S LETTER - GIVEN APPROVA Means of Ending Barrage of Notes Seen in Outline of U. S. Stand. (Continued From Pirst Page) Jaid all their trump cards down early in the game. Had Japan wished to bargain naval terms against matters embodied in the nine-power treaty, he £aid, she certainly would have delayed eement indefinitely. . “Ignorance” Is Charged. “Mr. Stimson displays an ignorance of the history of the Washington con- ferance,” he said. The views of the Japanese govern- ment regarding the applicability of the nine-power treaty to the present situ- gtion in China, he said, were presented _iearly in paragraph seven of Tokio's Tepy to the recent note of the League Council and also in passages in For- eign Minister Yoshizawa's statement of February 21, written for the Associated S vhich began: undesirable to repudiate the Wash- Ington nine-power treaty * * *" and ending. “to face the facts is the first requisite of statesmanship.” This, he said, represented the views of the for- eign minister and the government in connection with the issues raised in Becretary Stimson's letter. Statement Is Noted. The portion of Foreign Minister Yoshizawa’s statement referred to above read as follows: “It would be equally impossible and undesirable to repudiate the Washing- ton nine-power treaty, which is a great beacon standing alone in the mazes of Chinese international relations. “We cannot pretend, however, that this succinct treaty furnishes anything like a complete guide to international dealings with China. Had China, since the fall of the Manchu dynasty, ever presented a coherent, responsible front to the world, things might have been different. “But in the present distracted state of that country, ravaged as it is by the rival ambitions of contending militarists' schemes, the nine-power treaty becomes inadequate. It con- templated some sort of cosmos where there never has really been anything but chaos. Treaty Held Inadequate. “Therefore, while Japan is fully de- termined to live up to the provisions of the treaty as far as they go, she feels they do not go very far. Would 8 new treaty, the product of a new conference like that of Washington, prove any more complete? We cannot help feeling, in the kaleidoscopic state of affairs in China, that it might pro- duce more harm than good to endeavor to lay down in conference fixed lines of conduct and detailed provisions for their application in that continually changing scene. “It is the settled policy of Japan to deal with each case as it arises by the simple method of direct negotiations with China. “When the interests of other coun- tries are involved Japan heartily wel- comes their close co-operation. But it is feared that any attempt to frame rules for the multifarious and confus- ing affairs in China would be an un- dertaking whose magnitude would be ::“t of proportion to its effective re- ts. “It would be equally impossible and | Wrong View of China. “For the same reason I do not think there would be mruehr-wdvantage in fur- ther definition of the terms employed in the nine-power treaty. The terms seemed adequate when the treaty was framed and terms seeming ade- quate today may be wholly inappro~ priate six months hence. What is wanter rather is a frank recognition of the facts “The defect in the ‘Washington treaty, it seems to me, is that it en- visaged China not as it was, but as the povers thought it ought to be. This as deprived that instrument of much of its value. To face the facts is the first requisite of statesmanship.” Cites Nanking Shelling. The spokesman recalled that in 1927 the American and British Navies found it necessary to bombard Nanking, Gespite the nine-power pact, when Chinese Nationalist troops ran riot in that city. Japan is doing the same thing now in principle at Shanghai, he said, and the only difference is in the scale of the operations. He demanded to know how Japan could have invoked the nine-power treaty for protection of her rights in Manchuria, and to whom she could have appealed. “Certainly not to the Chinese as signatories of that pact,” he said. “We do not believe we could have protected our rights except by direct action. Treaties do not remove a nation's fundamental right to act in self-de- fense.” Denies Treaty Violation. As for the Manchurian Iissue, he esserted that Japan fs doing nothing there in violation of the nine-power treaty, and he added that Japan has no intention of infringing upon Chinese sovereignty in the region of Shanghal. Tokio, he said, contends that the powers signing the nine-power pact in 1922 hardly could have taken the “naive” view that Chinese sovereignty and integrity actually existed at that time. Rather, he went on, the powers stated at the time that they hoped the Chinese would work toward attainment of these objectives while the outside guard American lives and property. Creek on the north, although the congested traffic on the creek does not allow a better view. fighting has been, and & closer observance shows the thousands of refugees crossing the bridge from the stricken district. Center: A remarkable photograph of the Chinese defenders of Shanhai as Gen. Tsal Ting-Kal (decorations on chest), the young and heroic com- mander of the Chinese 19th Route Army, directs operations against the Japanese invaders in the outskirts of Shanghal. of the bitter fighting and has succeeded in staving off all attacks. Lower right: Japanese marines employing light field pieces carrying out a bombardment to the Chinese Woosung forts, where the Chinese forces have remained intrenched ever since the opening of the hostilities in spite of heavy shelling from land, sea and air. Lower left: Chinese troops leaving their dugouts advancing on the Japanese line with fixed bayonets behind the Commercial Press Building on Pashan road in the Chapel district of Shanghal. Note the straw hats slung behind the men. The Chinese characters on the hats mean “19th Route Army.” troops have fought back every Japanese attack since the fighting started. 25, 1932 At the right are Marines behind sandbags, while one of their number is in front. Across from them is the Chapel district where all the TOPZ This is one of the first photographs to reach this country showing the position of the American Marines which were recently sent to Shanghai to safe- 1 The troops are facing Soochow The 19th Army has borne the brunt ‘The —A. P. and Wide World Photos. consul lodged a strong protest with Chinese officials, LETTER INTERESTS LONDON. Statement on Fallure to Observe Treaties Is Emphasized In England. LONDON, February 25 (#).—Secre- tary of State Henry L. Stimson's letter to Senator Borah outlining the policy of the United States toward Japanese activities in China attracted wide at- tention and was quoted at length in morning papers here today with inter- pretive comment from their correspond- ents in the United States. Emphasis was laid on the contention |of Secretary Stimson that the present | situation cannot be reconciled to the nine-power pact and the Kellogg treaty and that failure to obeerve these treaties made it possible for the pres- ent difficulties to arise. nations would refrain from any action which might interfere with Chinese efforts. The spokesman remarked that Mr. Stimson appears to believe the Chinese still are able to achieve full sovereignty and territorial integrity if they are Jeft to their own resources. Japan holds a different opinion, he said. con- tending that the Chinese by themselves will be able to achieve these ie desire that China achieve and peace and unity, said the “man, Japan differs in no way the United States in spirit—she advocates different methods FRANCE APPROVES LETTER. Siimson Document Expected to Bring Wide Repercussions. PARIS, February 25 (#) —Secretary 3 s letter to Senator Borah, stat- e American position on the dis- East, is considered of est importance by official circles e and likely to bring wide repercus- portion concerning the American net not to fortify m and the ippines in return for maintenance of the open door policy in China was interpreted as a hint to Japan tbat the United States might consider itself justified in fortifying those outposts as & result of Japanese activities in Man- churia and at Shanghai, The letter was generally regarded as an excellent diplomatic document which should be of value to the League of Nations Assembly called for March 3. SHIPS RUSHED TO SWATOW Protest From Consul. HONG KONG, February 25 ().— Additional Japanese destroyers were re- ported on the way to Swatow, China, today following an attack by Chinese there on two Japanese bank employees victory celebration. 7 Pol 5 ggh seriously hust, but the Jepansse | DIVORCE ACTION BROUGHT | BY MRS. JACK PICKFORD | | I ) | Charges Nagging and Criticism. | Ethel Clayton Also Secks Sep- | aration on Drinking Charges. By the Associated Press. HOLLYWOOD, Calif., February 25.— Two well known couples of the stage and screen, falling to reconcile differ- have decided on divorce | ~Accusing her husband | nagging and criticism of her theatrical | career, Mary Mulhern, actress, yesterday filed suit against Jack Pickford, brother of Mary Pickford. A property settle- | ment has been effected. ~They were ymarried August 12, 1930, and sep- arated February 15, 1932. | Ethel Clayton, screen actress, yester- day euthorized her attorneys to proceed against Ian Keith, actor, revealing that efforts for a reconciliation had failed. The suit was filed in November, t hearing had been postponed times when reconciliation was possible. Miss Clayton accused her husband of excessive drinking. A hear- ing of the suit is scheduled fer tomor- row 1930, | FRANCE BOOM STARTED | Ex-U. 8. Senator to Be Placed for Presidency in New Jersey. NEWARK, N. J.. February 25 (P).— Former Representative {ency, had been put in circulation. Gray, who is France's personal rep- resentative in this State, said head- quarters would be opened shortly in rescued the Japanese who were Newark, and that a France-for-Presi- been started. dent League already of constant | Edward W. Attack on 2 Japanese Brings Strong Gray announced today that petitions to place the name of former United States Senator Joseph 1. France of Maryland | on the New Jersey primary ballots as a Republican candicate for the presid- | By the Associated press. | SAN FRANCISCO, February 25.—A | horde of panicstricken starving Chi- nese peuring in almost an unending | stream into the International Settle- ment provide a greater danger to for- eigners in Shanghai than chance shells ger arriving here on the President Mc- Kinley said Tuesday. | “Forced from their homes in the Chinese bombardment, they have come into the foreign settlement to sleep in sersby. War Without Declaration. “It is war, with no declaration of such having been made,” said Lieut. P. E. Howard, who is returning to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station after three years with the American Yangtze River patrol. “Press accounts of fighting there have not been exag- gerated. Along the streets of the set- tlement the white man shares the sullen | Hotel, witnessed | | from artillery of combatants, passen- | lies in o rush on the part of this des- | Chapei district by the Japanese and | pushcarts, begging food from all pas- | SHANGHAI FOREIGNERS PERILED BY CHINESE REFUGEE HORDE| International Zone Flooded by Those Driven From Chapei by Bombardments | From Both Sides. To the Chinese all foreigners are bad, but the Japanese are worst.” Joe Rock. Los Angeles motion picture company employe, told of the refugees. “Families were broken up, men, women, children wandering around without means of sustenance. Many were 80 near starving they lived from garbaze cans. ‘The real peril to the settlement perate horde.” Trouble Unites Chinese. Father Francis J. Moehringer, Brook- Iyn, N. Y. who spent six years in Kiangsi Province, declared he found the trouble with Japan had united China It was surprising to those grown used to the political disunion of the country to see this sudden flare of nationalism,” he said, “I am convinced the Japanese a difficult task if they intend to capture Shanghai. The 19th Route Army, which is defending the city, did splendid work in Kiangsi against bandits and Communists.” Mr. and Mrs. M. J. Rosenblat, New York, from the roof of the Cathay the opening bombard- stares of Chinese with the Japanese. ment of the Shanghai North Station. JAPAN ASKS RUSSIA Negotiations Opened for Permis- sion to Move Troops Against Chinese in Imienpo Area. | By the Associated Press. A brigade of Japanese soldiers under Gen. Murai arrived here yesterday and negotiaticns _were immediately begun | with Soviet Russia regarding the use of the Chinese Eastern Railway rolling stock for an expedition agalnst the force lting Chinsse in the Imienpo |of re | vicinity. Julius Rudy, managing director of HARBIN, Manchuria, February 25.—‘ of the Chinese Eastern for Gen. Juro aa;fil;ns Harbin drive early in Feb- o FOR USE OF RAILWAY |12 Shinese roee ere repted to southeast of Harbin, and it was also reported @ part of those who previously occupied Imienpo had moved on towns east of there on the Chinese Eastern. PAY TO BE CUT Bell Telephone Co. of Canada An- nounces Reductions. MONTREAL, February 25 (#)—The Bell Telephone Co. of Canada issued & statement yesterday that salaries and wages of the company's executives and employes would bs subject to “a tem- porary reduction of 5 per cent, effective | April | P It was added, however, that “in the the Russian-cwned Chinese Eastern, |case of those employes W educed asked Moscow for instructions. The | working hours Snl»)mli:s .“}r?deucimn n acquiescence of Moscow was expected | earnings of more than 25 in view of the fact that Russia per-]full time earnings this 5 mitted the use of the southern branch duction will not be applic: cent of r cent re- MANCHURIAN STATE WILL BE REPUBLIC Pu-Yi Gets Compromise When Way Is Left Open for Mak- ing Monarchy Later. By the Associated Press. MUKDEN, Manchuria, February 25.— The new Manchurian Federated State will be nominally a republic and Henry Pu-¥i, former “boy emperor” of China, | will be its “provisional chief executive,” the Executive Committee of the new state announced today. The young Mr. Pu-Yi had previously insisted that the state be set up as a monarchy and that he be given at least | some vestige of the splendor of his an- | cestors, the former Manchu Emperors of China. Committee added, The Executive | however, in its outline of the new state constitution, that the name of the country and the title of its head would be carefully chosen to leave the way open for the establishment of a mon- archy in the future if that seemed best. | Following the model of the Nanking | Chinese constitution, the Manchurian document provides for three councils, | known as & legislative yuan, a national affairs yuan and an inspection yuan. The cabinet, consisting of a premier and seven ministers, is placed under the national affairs yuan. There was no provision in the con- stitution for participation by the people in the government except a provision that the chief executive should be nomi- nated by and be responsible to the citi- zens. The choice of Changchun to be the capital of the new statz brought gloom | to business circles in Mukden and cor- responding enthusiasm at Changchun. The new state is to be called “Man- choukuo,” which translated is “Land of Manchuria” and might be applied either to a republic or a .monarchy. The flag will have a yellow body with red, white, blue nnj black parallel saxflpa on the upper quarter nearest the staff. CHINA PROTESTS REPUBLIC. NANKING, China, February 25 (#).— The Chinese foreign office protested to Jspan today against the move for Manchurian~_independence, _calling it the result of “Japanese instigation” and declaring China could not recog-! nize any such movement in the north-| east territory headed by Chinese na- tionals who were “puppets” in Jap- anese-occupied areas. B CHINESE OVERCOME JAPANESE ATTACK Surprise Move After Des- perate Fighting Recaptures Lost Positions. (Continued Prom Pirst Page) almost impossible to determine the de- talls of what was going on. As the afternoon wore on the Japa- nese claimed they had occupled the Chinese first-line defenses northwest of Kiangwan and that their artillery was then pounding vigorously upon the nec-l ond line. At the same time a fleet of 40 airplanes rained 250-pound bombs on the Chinese, Ammanition Rushed to Front. While the battle was raging & Japa- nese transport arrived at the wharves within the International Settlement loaded with ammunition. The ammu- nition was transferred to trucks, which dashed in the direction of Kiangwan. A great conflagration started in Chag:lr'.hl! morning as a result of the bombardment. The fire, raging checked, lighted up the horizon and was after building over a wide area. All of the International Settlement, and especially the French concession, showed considerable nervousness be- cause of an attack by the Japanese planes on the Lunghua Rallway Sta- tion, two miles south of the French concession. The inhabitants were fear- ful that the Japanese would bomb the Lunghus Arsenal, which was reported to contain enough explosives to smash every window in the International Set- tlement if & bomb were to hit it. Eight Civillans Killed. Japanese consular officials sald Chi- nese sniping activities continued within the battle areas to take an sdditional they said, ongkew section fighting _last- Saturday. Two of the wounded were women, they sald. Japanese patrols within Hongkew were continuing their attem to eradicate the snipers, they sald, but were experiencing great difficulty. Five blocks of Japanese property in the sector also were damaged by Chinese they said. ‘Today's battle began after a threat of a Chinese offensive intended to block the landing of additional troops from Japan. In the face of the threat of having their reinforcements cut off, the Japanese gat forces for the most powerful attack of which they were capable. The air armada which they sent out today was the largest used thus far. No one was allowed to enter the Japanese zone without the closest in- jon by the sentries. Officers said their tightly drawn lines were necessi- tated by the continuation of Chinese sniping. Shirakawa May Command. Dispatches from Tokio disclosing that the Emperor had talked with Gen. Yoshinori Shirakawa was taken here to mean that he would supersede Kenki- chi Uyeda in command of the army at Shanghal. The Japanese sailors aboard the flag- ship Idzumo, in the Whangpoo in front of the International Settlement, have taken the Chinese effort to bombard the ship serlously enough to don steel helmets and put up armor plate de- fenses on various parts of the vessel. Sailors aboard the Italian warship Libla, which was struck by a Chinese shell, but undamaged, yesterday, also went about their chores of deck scrub- bing and the like with steel helmets perched on their heads. The battle of propaganda here also proceeds apace. The Chinese “vic- torles” recorded daily in the Shanghai vernacular newspapers are fully counter- balanced by the news dispatches wired to Tokio by Japanese agencies and special correspondents. The Japanese have about 140 editors, reporters and photographers on the scene filing to their agencies and news- papers day and night. The Japanese newspaper Asahi and its rival, Nichi glltsd. alone have 17 men each in the eld. Three Japanese bombing planes at- tacked the tracks of the Shanghai- Hangchow Rallway on the southeastern outskirts of the city during the after- noon, apparently seeking to sever the line and make it impossible for the Chinese to bring in military reinforce- ments by that route. Marksmanship Is Poor. ‘They dropped numerous bombs, but their marksmanship was poor and no great damage was done. Before they left their consulate German officials joined with repre- sentatives of several other powers, in- cluding the Italians, and sent word to Gen. Tsal saying they appreciated his eagerness to ‘‘shoot up” the Japanese consulate and the Japanese cruiser Idzumo in the river, but emlflhuking that such tactics are full of dangerous possibilities for other international property. ‘The German consulate is almost next door to the Japanese consulate. The German officlals called Gen. Tsal’s at- tention to the fact, as they sald that little military advantage was to be gained by shelling the Idzumo, even if & direct hit should be made. The representations of other powers were made through Dr. Wellingon Koo, former Chinese foreign minister. They ‘were unofficial. TOKIO LEADERS CONFIDENT. Expect to Strike Decisive Blow Before Chinese Can Muster Aid. TOKIO, February 25 (#).—Japan's decision to send a stronger, heavier force against the Chinese at Shanghai is being rapidly translated into action (which the censors forbid foreign cor- responednts to describe) and there is supreme confidence that the decisive blow can be struck before the Chinese can be reinforced. - The great majority of Japanese offi- cials and lasymen alike are convinced that the only solution to the admittedly grave situation at Shanghai lies in the vigorous use of irresistible force at the earliest possible moment. Admitting their previous estimates of the strength required to destroy the Chinese 19th Army were in error, the military authorities assert that will soon be remedied. Terrain Causes Difficulty. The previous estimates, they said, were insufficient owing principally to unexpected difficulties of the terrain at Shanghai, the handicap of the proxim- ity of the Japanes: left wing to the International Settlement, and ths un- expected resistance of the Chinese. The conflict was brought closer to) Tokio’s millions today by reason of cer- tain dispositions in nearby territory. Troop trains passed close to the city and there were other miiltary measures which gave the citizens a chance for a g;ue flagwaving for the departing sol- ors. They came out despite the 6-inch snow blanketing the capital. A recent story from the front about three soldiers who blew themselves to bits blasting a path through Chiness barbed wire has created a profound sensation and seems likelv to bacome a part of the empire’s military saga. Music Educator Dies. RALEIGH, N. C., February 25 (#).— James P. Brawley, 60, for 30 years head of the music department of Peace Junior College, died here early today after suffering a stroke of apoplexy. Saltz Brothers Clean-Up Sale! Hundreds walt for this sale each year. Be here Early. It offers great opportunity for Saving. Friday and Saturday Only All merchandise is from our own stocks, of the very finest quality men’s apparel sold in Washington. This is our Final Sale of the season. Prices are Final and the Lowest for the Year. Do not miss this Sale! MEN’S CLOTHING 19—$60.00 Imported Genuine Harris Tweed Topcoats, sizes 36 to 42. A wonderful value ........ . 23—$45.00 and $50.00 Tweed, Covert Cloth and Camel Hair Topcoats, Spring weight. All sizes... 9—$35.00 Basket-weave Suits—blues, browns and ox- ford ' single and double breasted. 14—$35.00 and $50.00 Gray Flannel Suits for Sprin; and Summer wear. Sizes 35 to 42 83—$60.00 and $65.00 Langrock Suits, light and dark shades for immediate and Spring wear. 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