Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1932, Page 4

" A—4 = TAX REFORM URGED 10 AID EDUCATION School Heads to Recommend Nation-Wide Survey of Problem. laring that the economic depres- | m’m Augctlng the financial status of public education by paradoxically in- creasing its responsibilities and decreas- ing its financial resources, the Com- mittee on School Costs of the Nati: nal Education Association’s Department of Superintendence will recommend. “‘hen‘ it submits its report to the convention | tomorrow, that a study be made of the | Nation's tax systems looking toward tax nrll;:"\‘u report, ft!he cox}unu‘.l::massfilr‘:;“ at disastrous effects of economic up- g;a\'lls upon education should not be and H are not the sole concern of the educa- tional profession. The groups hold that “the effective and continuous function- ing of the schools is a matter of first jmportance to the statesman, the busi- Tness man, the parent, the manufacturer, | and the public in general” The com- | mittee contends further that solution of the problems of school support “calls for careful research, clear thi and co- operative all_groups both | within and e profession Hence. w oW Committee 0 1 P 8 resolution which sets foith that since | the financing of public educ:tion should snvolve the technical advice of experts | in taxation, the co-operation of pro- fessional school people and the edu- | cational policy of the public: Urges Group Study. “The Department of Superintendence | recommends that there be constituted in every State a group of citizens, includ- ing expert economists, competent school people, and representative laymen, to make a careful study of the existing tems of taxation, and ¥ Be it further resolved, That since & rehensive national study of school ;.}lr:g('c is under way under the direction of the United States Office of E:ur?: tion, the utm should exist between established in t x e ¥ of the economic erisis in education. the Committee on Bchool Costs, according to its repnfl. divided the problem in three major phases: 1, It sought to determine the Present effect of economic conditions on school finance in the United States: 2, it examined the present program of public education to evaluate the various the propase Teductions in school service which are |, adopted for the sake of tempo- mgzcan:my: 3, it considered the re- financing of American education on 8 more certain and equitable basis so that efficiency and economy in school affairs may be maintained at all times. | Consequently, the committee's Te- port is divided into three parts to coin- cide with the phases of its study. In the first part, the committee reports that “even a general survey of school finance reveals a trend which, if con- tinued, will surely retard or even reverse the steady progress made by the schools during the past decades.” This section of the report then lists its findings by States. The District of Columbia provides the group with one of its most optimistic paragraphs. It reports that here salaries are being maintained during the current year and that despite the fact of all annual increases for members of the clerical and custodial staffs in accordance with the Federal restrictive policy, the largest building program ever provided for the District by Con- gress is being carried out. Maryland’s status is less cheerful in the report which recalls how a_ schoo budgetary deficit was created in 1929-30 and 1930-31 when estimated returns from the State school tax fell below expectations. In order to effect neces- sary savings as Tequested by the Mary- Jand Governor, the State Department of Education, the report shows, is curtail- ing its testing program: the normal schools are saving on food. supplies and ir costs, and the department is con- soldating school units by bus transpor- tation of pupils to merged school plants. The report asserts also that it may be necessary to hold the Marvland schools to the 1931-32 status in 1932-33. . Virginia 1s reported ready to receive $442,000 less in local school funds in the current school year than last year. Forty per cent of the school divisions are meeting this situation by reducing their educational expenditures. These reductions are being made, the report asserts, in teachers' salaries in 30 per cent of the divisions, and by shortening the term in 45 per cent of the divisions Suggests Economies. The second phase, outlining possible | economies, urges intensive utilization of echool plants: and suggests postpone- | ment of building programs; planning ot] new buildings with a view to reduce ‘costs: postponement of site purchases; improved business acministration: care- | ful study of the necessity of supplies and equipment purchases, and scientific study of nsurance on school property. The report devotes one whole chapter to a warning against teacher salary| recuctions. The one basic requirement | of an efficicnt school system, the report | contends. it good teaching. It adds that | such service can be expected only from | men and women of broad training and high personal qualities. " “Retrenchment of teachers’ salaries,” | the report asserts, “tends ultimately to retain the poorest teachers and to drive the best teachers into other careers. The average salary of teachers is still less than three-fourths as much as the average salary of gainfully emploved persons. Meanwhile, requirements for | certification and appointment to the teaching service are steadily increasing. 1f the Nation expects to secure progres- sively better equipped teachers for its children, it must not consent to a re- duction of teachers' salaries.” In the third section of the report, the committee contends that the obsolete tax systems in force in many States make impossible the raising of money for school operation in a manner which bears equitably upon the whole tax- paying ability of a State. The com- mittee suggests that the general property ' tax as a primary source of revenue for schools is unjust because it violates the first principle for general taxation that the tax collected should be p: portional to ability to pay.” *The rep: quotes Prof. E. A. Seligman of Colum University, saying of the general prop- erty tax: “The gencral property tax as administered today is beyond all doubts the worst tax known in the civilized world.” | EX-BALTIMORE RECTOR | QUITS EVANSTON CHURCH | Rev. O. E. McAllister Resigns Be-l cause of “Differences Over Ques- tions of Policy.” By the Associated Press. | EVANSTON, Ill. February 22.—Rev.; Charles E. McAllister, rector of St.| Luke's Episcopal Church, announced | yesterday he has resigned because of | “differences of opinion with members of | the vestry over important questions of ! policy.” | The resignation will be effective late next Spring, it was announced. The vestry members announced they had ac- cepted the resignation. saying the dif- ferences were “entirely temporal and not spiritual, mostly concerning educa- tional and financial programs.” The Rev. McAllister became rector of | St. Luke's, one of the wealthiest and | best known Episcopal churches in_the | Midwest, 11 months ago. He came here from Baitimore, where he was rector St. Michael and All Saints’ Church. He had held other church positions in leginlffl New Jersey. a | Was | devotedly honored as | Noy | City.” | greatest commercial emporium of the THE EVENING STAR, OLDEST INHABITANTS EXTEND THEIR MOST NOTABLE TRIBUTE Ce remonies in Honor of Birthday Are Broadcast to Nation Through Coast-to-Coast Network. Witlt the ringing notes of the old orthern Liberty Fire Bell, remarks by W. yes, president of the Association of Oldest Inhabitants. and an address by Allen C. Clark, president of the Columbia Historical Society, broadcast to the Nation through the coast-to-coast network of the Colum- bia Broadcasting System, the Associa- tion of Oldest Inhabitants today paid its most elaborate and noteworthy trib- ute to George Washington among all the Jong series of tributes paid through | the years by that venerable organiza- | ington toen. ! Th ceremonies took place in the old | ington Union Engine House, at Nineteenth and | H streets, a place in its own right, where elaborate decorations gave gala atmosphere to the rich collection of relics of early days. Annual Tribue Paid. ‘The Bicentennial Celebrat'on of Washington's birth by this organization reflected its past celebrations, as Presi- dent Noyes fittingly said: “By no other group of Washingtonians has George Kingwn been so cousistently and by our Associa- tion of Oldest Inhabitants, which from its birth in 1865 has annual tribute on his birthday to the great American, including some years in which others have been forgetful or neglectful.” Mr. discussed “George Washington's The speaker said it was not | Washington’s idea that “its people | should be politically defective and de- linquent Americans,” but a people “clothed with all American rights not absolutely inconsistent with the foster- ing control by the Nation of the Na- | tion's Capital.” President Clark of the Columbia His- tarical Society presented a series of many pictures of Waskington portraits, and by reference to historical docu- ments concerning the portraits painted a faithful, interesting and picturesque word picture of the Father of His Country—what he looked like. Both| speakers also paid tribute to the great- ness of the First President. The program was opened by invoca- tion by Rev. J. Harvey Dunham, pastor | of Western Presoyterian Church. The oid Northern Liberty Bell was brought | into national prominence for the first | time, when it was struck 200 times, for the Bicentennial years, by George Bruff Jackson, a member of the association | who recently took the part of George | Washington in a pageant. ! Mr. Noyes opened his remarks by say- ‘'This is George Washington's great during nine months of which everywhere 1n the United States and to some degree throughout the civilized world, men celebrate with reverence the | 200th anniversary of the day and year of his birth. His Greatest Day. “This is George Washington's great- est day in this great year, the anni- versary specifically of his birthday. “This is George Washington's city,” sald Mr. Noyes. “In no other spot in the world is George Washington honor- | ed with such fervor and intensity as in the city to which he gave being and which bears his name. The Father | of His Country is even more distinctly | and distinctively the Father of his city.” | Referring to the constancy of the Association of Oldest Inhabitants in celebrating Washington's birthday, Mr. Noyes said, “Today Washington, the city. pays tribute t> the memory of | Washington the man, whose character- | istics of simplicity, true greatness and quiet, enduring strength are well ex- emplified by the towering shaft, the memorial monument, which bears his name. “What Washington the city thinks of Washington the man is retold each year in terms of ever increasing ad- miration and veneration. Appreciation of the true greatness of the greatest American grows from year to year as .;‘L::fifly and as strongly as the republic 1. “What Washington the man thought and predicted concerning Washington the city is of record. “We are sometimes told that Wash- ington and the forefathers contem- plated no great American city here, but only a national workshop for the quiet and safe performance of the executive, | legisletive and judicial functions, with a small population of transients when Congress is in session, almost deserted when Congress is away, a city without | permanent inhabitants and without the | foundations upon which public spirit | and local pride are based. No Such Mean Capital. “George Washington saw in prophetic ion no such mean capital. “Was the Nation’s city in Washing- ton's intent to be limited in area to the ground absolutely necessary for the | public buildings and the governmental | activities? No. As the Federal District | was created of the largest area that | the Consiitution permitted, so in re- | spect to the area of the Nation's city | George Washington suggested in one | of his letters that the Capital of the | United States should be as much larger | than Philadelphia as the United States was larger than Pennsylvania. (In 1791, | commenting upon the area covered by Philadelphia, he inquired suggestively of the Commissioners of Washington: | “If the metropolis of one State occupied | so much ground, what ought that of the United States to occupy?’) “Was this extensive city to be devoted | solely to governmental activities. No. ‘Washington was located on its Potomac site and a canal connecting the Poto- mac with tributaries of the Ohio was projected and built in the expectation that the new city would become ‘the country.’ “Was this extensive Capital area to be uninhabited except by temporary Government employes, by those cater- ing to their needs, and by other tran- sients? No. In 1796 Washington said prophetically gf the population of the Capital that century hence, if the country kent united, the Capital would be ‘thougu uot as large as London, yet of a magnitude inferior to few others (cities) in Burope. It is said that| Washington directed"that the plan of the Capital should provide for a popu- lation of at least 800,000. “Was this great population, peopling n extensive and magnificently planned city, to be un-American and politically alien, deprived entirely of participation in the National Government? Who be- lieves it? Who, by any stretch of the imagination, can conceive it? “Washingt 'n's idea was that the Capital should he a Federal city de- veloped by the Nation and subject to its control, but it was not his idea that it shou'd be without people or that its people should be politically defective and delinquent Americans. Its grand framework indicates the expectation of a large population. Washington's im- sgination covered the fair fields and wooded hills of his namesake city with the homes of a numerous, busy and happy people—a people not aliens po- litically and less than aliens in access to the Federal courts, but clothed with all American rights not absolutely in- consistent with the fostering control by the Nation of the Nation’s Capital. Material City Developing. “Gecrge Washington’s magnificent material city, with its parks, avenues, buildings and monuments, is developing before our eyes. Undoubtedly the Na- tion will in time correspondingly develop on American and equitable lines the political and judicial rights and powers o‘( the people who live in the material city. “In _honoring today the memory of Washington, let us resolve that his words concerning the Nation's City shall not be fal . Let us honor the man b the honor, which he with all our might. to develop on the banks of the Potamac & populous 4 perous, beautiful Capital, \lmpl by men and women with all political American rtights that are consistent with na control of the Natlon's City, surpassed in magnitude only by such cities as London, and equaled in attractiveness by no other capital in the world.” Clark Delivers Eulogy. Mr. Olark, in his address on Wash- and the portraits, took oppor- tunity to pay tribute not only to Wash- himself, but also to Representa- tive Sol Bloom, and tg Theodore W. Noyes, editor of The Evening Star. Mr. Bloom's direction of the Bicen- tennial, “'a great task, has boen signally successful,” declared Mr. Clark. “The elaboration of the life of Washington he value for historical education and "2 inspiring lesson of varied achieve- ment. “Washington with youth availed him- self of spart and amusements,” sald Mr, Clark. “He gave strict religious e appreciat the adjuncts of home life. The ancient Greeks had no greater hospitality than Washington. His friends were dally with him and ‘his house was known to all the vagrant train.’ “He was a statesman: his advice was bold and wise and without personal selfishness. “Immediately preceding the Ameri- can Revolution Washington to Bryan Fairfax wrote: ‘Have we not addressed the lords and remonstrated to the com- mons? And to what end? Does it not appear as clear as the sun in its merid- ian brightness that there is a regular, systematic plan to fix the right and practice of taxation upon us. Ought we not, then to par one virtue and fortitude to the severest tests.” “The citisens of the Nation's Capital have a right which should be acknowl- edged and ingrafted into the written Constitution of the land that repre- sentation is reciprocal to performance of public duty. This contention is urged in the same resolute spirit of the great Washington by the distinguished | %€ editor of The Evening Star, who s the president of the Association of Oldest Inhabitants.” Mr. Clark, in discussing the matter of Washington and his portraits said, “It is fortunate that Washington's por- traits belong to the period of America's highest talent in portraiture.” A Wealth of Talent. Explaining the wealth of this talent, Mr. Clark sald that “Elizabeth Bryant Johnston. the author of a standard work on the subject, “Original Portraits of Washington,” including statues, monuments and medals, names 28 painters of portraits who can be called professional and 11 she calls “miscel- laneous.” The author quotes that Titlan Ramsay Peale said his father, Charles Willson Peale, painted Wash- ington from life 14 times.” Referring to a Peale portrait which Washington shows in his accounts was done in May, 1772, Mr. Clark said the original was in the Washington and Lee University. It had been in the Arlington House, he said, and there is a reproduction of it there in the place where the original hung, the reproduc- tion having been done by Hattie E. Burdette. “It has a fidelity she has the rare talent to execute,” said Mr. Clark. Praise by Marshall. Judge Marshall was quoted as saying of the Houdon's statue of Washington at Richmond that “the head of Hou- don's statue at Richmond, seen at a| point somewhat removed towurd the side, from the front, presented as per- fect a resemblance of the living man as he could conceive possible in marble.” Rembrandt Peale was quoted as saying of the statue at Richmond: "It is de- fective in expression and wants the charm of living color, but it possesses | the same characteristic turn of the head which distinguished the first and last portraits of C. W. Peale in 1772 and 1795." Col. John Trumbull had exceptional advantages to portray Gen. Washington, according to the speaker. “The general rode with Trumbull,” he said, “that the artist might catch his appearance on horseback. Paintings by Col. Trum- bull of Gen. and Mrs. Washington in small size are in the United States Na- tional Museum. That of the general is much like that by Stuart, but appear- ance at less years. Stuart, who painted the famous Athenaeum portrait used on the dollar bill, was quoted by Mr. Clark as saying in his own words that he painted three portraits from life of Gén. Washington. The one he retained at the time cf writing, 1820, is in the Museum of Fine Arts at Boston. The one Gen. Wash- ington sat for April 11, 1796, is called the Marquis of Lansdowne portrait and is the property of Lord Rosebery of England. The third Stuart rubbed out. The Athenaeum portrait, Mr. Clark said, is also called the standard por- trait, the Household Washington and the dollar-bill Washington. “Stuart was wonderfully talented and fortunate,” said Mr. Clark. “He was fortunate in that the men who were his patrons were all very handsome and the women very beautiful, and both men and women had distinctive features indicating character and in- telligence, or, as his biographer puts it, ‘those lines of physiognomy which channeled by will the map of inward life, which years of consistent thought and action trace upon the coun- tenance.’” Custis Preferred Trumbull. George W. P. Custis, adopted son of Gen. Washington, was quoted by Mr. Clark as saying of the various like- nesses of Washington: “The head of |asserted, are due largely to the fact shrines. WASHINGTON, Burdens Added, but Support Is Lacking, Declares Dr. C. H. Judd. (Continued From First Page.) judgment on the experiments which the schools have been trying in the effort to prepare socety for its new day. Teach 250 Subjects. Commenting on the social change which sent vast numbers of “new type” puplls to the schools, Dr. Judd declared that although soctety had not prepared them for the task, teachers undertook to provide the kind of instruction the children needed. He quoted the U. S. Office of Education to the effect that in 1890 the schools taught nine subjects, whereas today's high schools include as many as 250 subjects in their programs. t is no wonder Dr. Judd ex- claimed, “that some of our new courses are open to critielsm. They are emergency measures intended to provide for young people who have been pushed out of industry.” ‘The Chicago dean {llustrated the at- titude of critlcs toward these new courses by citing the condemnation iven & Chicago high school for teach- ng millinery. He suggested that the city answer this type of criticism by requiring the critics to int-rest the girls in that industrial hir'i school in “a traditional subject of unquestioned re- spectability, such as Letin and trigo- nometry.” Task Is Defin . Addressing the educators on their present problem, Dr. Judd declared their task “is one of consolidation and organ- ization, of improvement and amplifica tion, of education.” If educators can keep “the parent as taxpayer fully con- scious of his duty as a parent, adequate support can be secured for the schools.” He suggested further that leading citi- zens of every community be brought together to discuss education, “not as a political or financial issue, but as ane of society's greatest undes " Con- tinuing, he said further: “My recommendation is that we, who are directly responsible for the schools, the first to recognize the obligation to introduce the young peo] of America to a fuller knowledge of social institutions than is now supplied by American education. If I had my way, I would bring it to pass that the center and core of the school curriculum at every level would be instruction regard- ing the social order.” Mrs. John K. Norton, associate direc- tor of research in the National Educa- tion Association, urged the construction of school buildings that are “as beau- tiful and as useful as intelligence and care can make them.” Thus, she con- tended, children can have an affection for their school environment and through this sentiment “the physical resources of the school” can be used to advantage in character education. Mrs. Norton pointed out that by stating posi- tively that there is no “magic formula | for character development.” the Year- book should help superintendents ward |off “the faddist with a single plan for character development or with one cure for crime.” Dr. Freeman Speaks. the point of view of psychology, Dr. Frank N. Preeman, School of Education, University cf Chicago, praised the Year- book for taking the broad view of the meaning of character education. It is impossible to name one group of actions which are supposed to represent char- acter, Dr. Preeman asserted, for one's character is made up of all his actions and his attitudes. “This adoption of a broad conception of character education means that the (Character Education) Commission has, by implication, set itself against the | policy of seeking to produce character by means of panaceas or get-good- quick schemes," Dr. Preeman said, add- ing that while the educator should re- fuse to place his confidence on any easy device for making children good, “he is warranted in putting faith in the total process of education.” The second general session of the convention was adjourned in time for the superintendents to board a fleet of 125 busses for their pilgrimage to Mount Vernon. There. Dr. Edwin C. Broome of Philadelphia, president of the Department of Superintendence, will place a wreath on the tomb of George Washington. and Miss Florence Hale, president of the National Educa- tion Association, will place a similar tribute on the tomb of Martha Wash- gton. While at Mount Vernon, the educa- tors will be greeted by President Hoover, who will be at the national shrine at the same time. Tonight the third general session of the convention will be held in two group meetings. The work of the National Commission on tte Enrich- ment of Adult Life will be discussed at Memorial Continental Hall, and school building and school planning and con- istruction will be considered in _the Chamber of Commerce Building. Both meetings will be held at 8 o'clock. Tomorrow the fourth general ses- sion will be held in Canstitution Hall, when the general topic will be “The Present Crisis and Public Education.” A group of nationally known educators will discuss various phases of the de- pression’s effect on public education and, at an accompanying business ses- sion, Dr. Frank W. Ballou, superin- tendent of District of Columbia schools, will present the report of the commit- tee on financing educational research. One of the main issues of the con- vention was introduced at the first general session in Constitution Hall yesterday_afternoon, when Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid, president of the University of Southern California, cited criticlsm of the mounting costs of education. These high costs, he D. C, NEW model depicting the future developments in the downtown section of the city—from the Lincoln Memorial to east of the Capitol—is the central feature of a Gecrge Washington Bicentennial exhibit, being made ready in the new National Museum by the Fine Arts Commission and the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. The model and other aspects of the exhibit, which is being assembled on the ground floor, near Tenth street and Con- stitution avenue, are the work of Wil- liam T. Partridge, consulting architect of the planning commission. \ ‘The exhibit illustrates the activities of the different agencies of the Federal Government in relation to the plan of Washington. It is arranged historically. As one enters the door, on the right is found the evolution of the plan for the Federal city. In the next booth is found the L'Enfant plan. Then comes the MacMillan plan of 1901. The work of the Fine Arts Commission since it came into being in 1910 is next shown. ‘The four booths that follow portray the work of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, showing (a) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1932. ’PUB”[: IS SCORED | [Transformation of City Depicted in New Model Woshingtonss] TORSIREL TP L mttim s e s s it o o water, sewer, highways and zoning in the metropolitan area: (b) District of Columbia parks: (c) regional parks. and (d) the relation of the Planning Com- mission to public building projects. ruch as the proposed avenue of the Btates, | along East Capitol street. The work of the Public Buildings Commission is | shown in another booth, as is that of | the Treasury Department, through the supervising architect’s office. There is a special booth on the Wash- | ington Monument and the various plans that have been put forth for its de- velopment. The work of the special committee of the Planning Commission is illustrated and the model shows the latest design for the creation of the propased gardens in the vicinity of the base of the Monument, although it has been determined that this cannot be as elaborate as originally set out, due to the danger of disturbing the equilibrium | of the shaft. | The work of the architect of the Capitol, including the creation of the new House Office Building and the Union Station plaza gardens and cas- cades, is reflected in another booth. | The Municipal Center is likewise shown. ‘The model, which is placed in the' —=Star Staff Photo. center of the room, shows the proposal of the National Capital Park and Plan- ning Commission for the revision of the plan of 1901. It points out the latest design. not only for the Wash- ington Monument grounds, but for the Mall in its entirety. with the under- | passes for Fourteenth and Fifteenth | Streets, the development of the new | War_and Navy Department buildings | in the so-called Northwest triangle, | west of Seventeenth street and south of New York avenue, as well as the expansion of the Southwest triangle, near the new Botanical Gardens. On each side of the door are the seals of the Fine Arts Commission and the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. Overhead hangs the coat of arms of George Washingyon, in whose honor the whole exhibit is arranged. Lieut. Col. U. 8. Grant, 3d, director of public buildings and public parks and executive officer of the Planning Com- | mission, said yesterday that the exhibit | is still in the process of preparation. It |1s now expected that it will be fully | finished about March 9. The members {o! the Planning Commission viewed the | progress of the exhibit on Friday after- noon | | come paternal, like the Federal Gov- ernment which. from the mush in the kitchen to fodder in the manger, from bales on the dock to weeds on the highway, covers the whole gamut of daily human interests through commissions, divisions, departments, bureaus, and agents until the price we pay for Federal service has become burdensome to the breaking point and makes almost impossible progressive prosperity of the Nation. t the home look after teeth, tonsils, dress and nourishment, recreation &nd re- ligion, and the mounting cost of edu- cation will soon come to & happy halt- g. This first general session was a ves- per service at which Rev. Dr. Joseph Avenue Presbyterian Church, gave the invocation and the benediction. Music wte choir, singing was led by Dr. E. N. C. director of music in the District schools. groups of superintendents had attended special services for them at Old Ckrist | Church in Alexandria. Citing the celebration of the Bicentennial of George Washington's birth, Her- bert S. Weet. superintendent of Rochester schools and a member of the Executive Committee of the De- partment of Superintendence, who was the speaker, expressed the belief that Americans have kept faith with their First President. As evidence of this faith, he pointed to the “amazing greater frankness” with which diplo- matic relations are conducted, the ef- forts at world peace, and greater tol- eration. He suggested that the future historians may regard “the very period of darkness through which we are passing as an epoch-making period for the spiritual health of the world.” Intelligent Guidance Sought. Commenting upon the problems of educators, Dr. Weet said: “The independence of youth: its im- atience with shams, conventions. and gypocncles of life, its initiative. its desire to push on into the unknown, confident that it can better conditions in this old world of ours, have never had the driving power that they have today. Back of all this, youth is searching for sympathetic and intelli- gent guidance. It will not, however, accept as a substitute for such guid- ance much of the dogmatism that has been characteristic of the past, nor will it be bent to the will of those in whom it may lack confidence. “For ourselves, we beieve that we are on the eve of the day when the never been realized before. Would we in education pay tribute to Washing- ton? Then we shall do it best by a quickening of our faith in these great essentials for which Washington stood and a strengthening of our hearts to go forward and realize these essentials in the youth of America.” ‘The services at Old Ctrist Church were opened with the invocation by Rev. Dr. J. Morton, rector, who also outlined the history of the Episcopal Church in the “George Washington Country.” The church choir sang. Both services were preceded by a series of brief exercises at national Wreaths were placed at the Stuart is incomparably the best like- |that the schools are being required to | Washington Monument. the Lincoln ness of the chief in his latter days, |perform more and more of the duties | Memorial and the Tomb of the Un- but in the person that great master |properly belonging to other social | known Soldier. of portrait painting failed entirely. Trumbull has painted the only correct portraiture of Washington, as regards the person—for the person of Wash- ington was unique, like that of no one else. Stuart has given a plumpness or fleshiness, rounded after the models of the academy. Washington was never fleshy, as witness his weight. * Houdon's statue taken in 1786 in the Capitol at Richmond, is a very fine work and gives a good idea of both the { face and person. I have a bas relief of Houdon. But of all my originals, I greatly prefer Trumbull's, taken 1790." Further detailed description of Wash- ington is contained on the back of a portrait by James Sharpless, Mr. Clark said. Eliza P. Custus wrote concerning one of these Sharpless portraits that it was “an exact likeness except the com- olenA ‘Washington He had not a black beard. artificial teeth, but so well fixed that they did not disfigure his mouth. His hair was thin, crisped and dressed with powflt}er and pomatum, as is in this profile.” The last portrait of Washington, the speaker said, was made by .St. Memin in Philadelphia in 1798. It was what the artist called a “physiognotrace.” The outline was made mechanically— that is, by an instrument which se- cured the features—and the within filled in as a painting. The production was both accurate and artistic. Following Mr. Clark's address, Wil- liam McK. Clayton read excerpts from Washington's Farewell Address. John Clagett Proctor read an original poem appropriate to the occasion. Music included solos by Howard Moore and singing by the Assemblage of “America” and “Auld Lang Syne.” Mr. Proctor announced that he and y bringing predicted, to his namesake city. To this end let us co-operate with others, | Percy B. Israel, representing the Asso- ciation of Oldest lnhlb“:lfl"‘lfl laid agencies. “Doubtless at the present time.” Dr. von KleinSmid declared, “the eost of maintenance and operation rather than the expense of instruction is the outstanding target of objectors. Quite 50, the cost is high, but only let ‘us oe privileged to do our job alone with- out the burden of duty undone on the part of other social agencies, and we shall be able readily, and in large sums, to reduce cost. “The schools have been forced to be- in o wreath in the name of the assocla- tion this morning at the Washington Monument in further tribute to the first President. The association unanimously adopted a vote of thanks to' the Columbia Broadcasting System for broadcasting over its coast-to-coast network that hair. | part of the program from 10 to 10:30 o'clock. In Washington it was heard over WMAL. ‘The old fire bell, which was rung at the opening of the program, was ex- plained by J. of Eliot Wright, secretary the association, as having been the first bell to proclaim the War Between the States, the fall of Richmond, Gen. Lee’s surrender and the death of Pres- ident Lincoin. The old Union Engine House was profusely decorated, both inside and out, with flags and streamers by a | committee consisting of B. Jackson and A. C. Harmon. The gen- ,bration for the Bicentennial was J. F. Duhamel. Following this celebration the old engine house remained open for sev- eral hours during the afternoon for mmect{'n’s by the public, and drew were broadcast, there meeting of the association. DRY DEMOCRATIC WOMEN ORGANIZE IN GEORGIA President of New Group Calls for Men of McAdoo Caliber as Presidential Candidate. By the Associated Press. ATLANTA, February 22.—The Georgia Democratic Constitutional League yes- terday was ready for a campaign to enlist Georgia women in a movement to prevent the Democratic party from nominating an anti-prohibitionist for the presidency. ‘The e was organized yesterday and is ted with the National's Women'’s Democratic Law Enforcement League. mlt plans to sponsor district ;rmulg each congressional district of State. Mrs. Jesse W. Nicholson, president of the national ition, told the group that Willlam G. McAdoo, former Secretary of the Treasury, or & man of similar views on prohibition was the only type the Democrats could elect President. “At present every candidate offered for the presidency on the Democratic ticket is wet,” she said, “Al Smith, eral chairman in charge of the cele- | Roosevelt, Ritchie, Lewis and Baker, and none of them will receive the indorsement of our organization.” Horn Player Left $150,000. Because Henry Parham mt:! Litch- the horn $150,000 ends which Washington sought in | education will be realized as ttey have | POISON 13 FATAL FOR STAR EMPLOYE A. J. Gill Believed Victim of Accident by His | Associates. Discussing character edueation from . R. Sizoo, pastor of the New York | | Alexander J. Gill, for 15 years an em- | | was presented by the Hampton Insti- | ploye of The Evening Star, died last | Washington went to worship from Mount under the direction of | night at Garfield Hospital after drink- | Vernon, 6 miles distant, was carricd to Ermest H. Hays, and congregational ing a quantity of a disinfecting fluid | the people of the United States yester- . Barnes. | in the bath room of his apartment, at | day as Representative Sol Bloom, asso- 3614 Connecticut avenue. Gill was found unconscious on the summoned Dr. R. L. Martin. Dr. Mar- tin. after applying first-aid remedies without success, called the Fire Depart- ment rescue squad. Members of the squad were unable to revive him and he was taken to Garfield Hospital, where he died several hours later with- out regaining consciousness. Associates of Gill expressed the be- lief that he took the poison accidentally. He had been in good spirits, they said. Yesterday morning he went with his wife to look at a house in the Foxhall Village neighborhood and requested the agent to hcld one of the houses for him, | as he hoped to buy. . C. J. Murphy. deputy District coroner, is still investigating the case. Beside his wife, Gill is survived by a 5-year-old daughter, Barbara. | Gill was educated in the District public schools, including McKinle: Manual Training High School. While in high school he became known as an outstanding athlete, starring in basket ball, foot ball, base ball and on the | | track. After leaving school he played | base ball as a member of the teams of | the American Security & Trust Co. and | the Potomac Electric Power Co. He was 40 years old. 'BAR SHAPES MEANS | TOREDUCE CRIME | = | Reduction of the Number of Ways in Which Law Can Be Violated Is Suggested. | By the Associated Press. | LOS ANGELES, February 22—A the ways in which law can be violated and increasing the penalties for law- breaking was submitted to the board of trustees of the Los Angeles Bar As- sociation yesterday by a committee that has completed a study of the crime situation. Speaking of the law's classification of a crime, the committee said: i “The increase in the incidence of major crime * * * warns us that we | cannot go _on indefinitely creating new felonies. Under present conditions we will soon be confronted with the neces- sity, if. indeed, we are not already confronted with it. of selecting for punishment as felonies only those of- fenses of a distinct anti-social char- acter.” RUMANIAN SI:IIP REPORTS RUSS MINES IN BLACK SEA Entrances to Ports Are Also Being Blocked, Officers of Man-of- ‘War Assert. By the Associated Press. BUDAPEST, Hungary, February 22. —The newspaper Reggell Ujsag today printed a dispatch’ from Constanza saying a Rumanian warship, returning from the north, the Russians were mines near Rumania's Black Sea border. Officers of the ship were quoted as saying they met four Russian torpedo boats and a mine sweeper which also were blocking the entrances to Rus- sion ports with mines. —_— SENATOR HARRIS BETTER The condition of Senator Harris of ved today where he underwent an operation yes- terday. ‘The operation was described as of a preliminary nature and is to be fol- lowed with a more serious one as soon as the Senator has improved sufficiently warrant it. ‘were fa- | proposal to reduce crime by reducing | BLOOM 5 SPEAKER AT POHICK CHURCH | Nation Hears, Over Radio, His Address on Work of Washington. Ancient Pohick Church, where George | ciate director of the George Washington Bicentennial Commission, told from its Prior to the opening general session. | floor by his wife, Mrs. Gladys Gill, who | pulpit of the work of Washington in es- | tablishing the church. The address was broadcast over a coast-to-coast hook-up | by the Columbia Broadcasting chain. |, “There is an atmosphere of serene tranquillity about this edifice that im- presses us like a benediction.” Repre- | sentative Bloom said. . As I look through | the open doorway to the burying ground | that holds the ashes of some of the noblest personages of Virginia's great history, I visualize that pageant of beauty, of citizenship and neighborly kindness that was witnessed here on those Sunday mornings long ago. He Bows in Prayer. “Again do I see the mighty form of Gen. Washington the Father of His Country, kneeling in humble supplica- tion to his Father on high. In sim- plicity, in child-like faith, the great man bows in prayer. The soft music of | forgotten hymns seem to come to me | as the echo of an angel's song, and I feel that my humble presence here is, as it were, a ghost that intrudes upon another era, another state of social | order, another age, when our history as ation was beginning. e need a return not only to the | wisdom, the courage and the character f George Washington, but we need a |return to his calm faith in the God | of human destiny. We need a new | consecration to that morality which | guides and stimulates the acts of our | daily lives. We neéd a devotion that | surmounts difficulties, that overcomes opposition, that triumphs in the rela- tionship of man with man. The Undeviating Course. “Those devoted people who builded this church, who worshipped here in these inspirational surroundings, who set us an example of good living, fine companionship and .steadfast honor, would bring us back again into the stream of life as they know it. ““We need the calm, sobering influence | of practical religion by which we may | set our course, and we need to re-ex- (amine these landmarks of public apd | private decency which point out the undeviating course of justice and kind- ness and love.” IDR. COOPER TAKES RAP AT POLLYANNAS Educator in Broadcast Urges Fearless Study of Busi- ness Conditions. Accusing business men of being “Pollyannas,” Dr. William John Cooper, United States Commissioner of Educa- tion, last night, in a nationally broad- cast program under the auspices of the National Education Association, advo- cated sclentific education for sdmin- 1sn-nt_nrs and fearless study of business j conditions as the only solutions of the Nsruog; econo;rtn}x‘c problems. . Cooper, with Dr. Edwin C. B of Philadelphia, president of the De. partment of Superintendence of the National Education Association, and Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid, president of the University of Southern Cali- fornia spoke over the National Broad- casting Co’s chain in connection with the 62d annual convention of the De- partment of Superintendence. ‘Today,” Dr. Cooper declared, “busi- ness men as a group decline to the unpleasant. Chamber of Com- merce and civic clubs hold to the doc- trine, ‘Boost, don't knock’ Their philosophy 1s almost ‘Pollyanna.’ Imag- ine the diagnostician who refused to Tecognize the early evidence of cancer | because ruffering for the - dicated. BeRntas o Education Vast Industry. Pointing out that education can he! bring to business leadership a nm’;ei’z sional point of view which “plans the general good above private gain,” Dr, Cooper said: “I hold that the essential relation- ships of education and business are these: First, American education is vast industry not growing out of simpl needs made of a soclety which cares for a standard of living that provides food, shelter and clothing, but developed in response to a secondary or cultural want; second, literacy and a continued education have developed the Ameri- can standard of living, which creates business by giving people purchasing PO the tuture, b “ uture, business must - take a scientific and fearless nl‘llgydztr)l’ its own problems, a program which can be carried out only by schoals, colleges and graduate institutions of business administration. If American business and American capitalism are to sur- vive Russian bolshevism and thereby keep American individual liberty from falling before a dictatorship such as exists in Russia. it will be through changing the attitude of business from self-interest and accumulation of money as a measure of personal suc- cess to an attitude of social service in which capital and labor wirk together for the good of the entire Nauion. Only through education can we expect that the coming generation will recognize and maintain such standards of eco- nomic and civic prosperity.” Believe Slump Temporary. Asserting that seldom has a gather- ing of leading educators been as impor=- tant_as the current convention here, Dr. Broome pledged the Department of Superintendence to the dual task of evolving plans by which educational standards may be maintained in the face of depression and of making valuable recommendations with respect to character education. Dr. Broome pointed out many communities have had to curtail their educational activi- ties during the present crisis and added that convention leaders belleve, “as do all other leaders, that the present eco- nomic situation is temporary.” They hope at the Washington convention. he said, “to outline plans for maintainf the present high standards of educae tion until the return of prosperity makes the support of the schools no longer difficult.” “No one wishes children to suffer be- cause of conditions for wkich they are |not to blame.” Dr. Broome said. “Citizens in every community are co= ! operating with school officials in ef- | forts to save the schools from serious | permanent injury.” In his address. Dr. KleinSmid characterized the superintendency of & school system as one of the most ex= acting positions in the United States. “As the superintendent thinks. so are the schools.” he said. “His phi= losophy of education determines his thinking and controls his actions. His understanding of the contributions of the past to contemporary civilization will determine his thinking and the curriculum of his schools. If he dares trink, he will experiment and encour- {age experimentation. If he dares not think. the curriculum of his schools will remain static in the face of & rapidly changing order.” DIRIGIBLE HOPS OFF FOR CUBA TOMORROW By the Associated Press. MIAMI, Fla, February 22.—The Goodyear dirigible Puritan will leave here tomorrow night for Havana to participate in the “Grito de Baire" cele- bration of Cuban Independence day. The dirigible is exnected to arrive over Havana Wednesday morning. It will be in charge of R. D. Wilson, man- ager of the company's airship base here, with C. W. Stacey acting as co- pilot and L. A. Gagne as radio oper- ator. A staff of 10 ground crew men and 2 pilots will precede the airship by boat tomorrow to arrange details and set a mooring mast. ‘The proposed trip of the Puritan was arranged through Gen. Herrera, chief of the Cuban Army staff TEXANS HOLD RALLY T0 BOOST GARNER Cowboys to Be in Parade and Gov. Sterling Is Expected at San Antonio Today. By the Assoclated Press. SAN ANTONIO, Tex., February 22.— Cowboys from the Rio Ceande met here today with bankers, politicians and officials from up-State to boost John N. Garner for the Democratic presidential nomination. Texas was making what some termed a belated proffer of a native son for the presidency. C. M. Chambers, mayor of San Antonio, and Harry P. Hornby, country newspaper publisher of Uvalde, Garner's home town, who planned an all-Texas rally for Garner soon after he had been elected Speaker of the House, felt their thunder had been stolen prematurely by Willlam G. McAdoo, former member of the cab- inet of the late Woodrow Wilson, and to boost the Texan for to George W. Saun- ders, president of the Texas Old Trail Drivers’ Association, was dellfinAM marshal of the parade that will for- s presidential campaign. and other Texas pioneers were to par- ticipate in s demonstration for the first Texan ever seriously proposed asa presidential candidate. Carolina Water Melon Time. , Pebruary 22 (P).— LR, Mann of Gradusta ick Medieal tege DR. CLAUDE S. SEMONES Eyesight Specialist Phone National 0731 ) Lo T Lke HOME .. Hoot Mon: Should auld acquaint- ance be forgot—Qual- ity and value are combined in my New Laundry Service to be announced Sunday, February 28 o il St Cal ATlantic 2400 BOME LAUNDRY