Evening Star Newspaper, February 22, 1932, Page 2

A-2 * (TOKID CIVILIANS - GROWING ANXIOUS : War Office Optimistic, How- i ever—Seiyukai Party Has Election Majority, . By the Associated Press. TOKIO, February 22.—Considerable anxiety was expressed in authoritative civilian circles in Tokio tonight over press dispatches from Shanghal indi- cating that Lieut. Gen. Kenkichi Uyeda's offensive was being resisted stubbornly by the Chinese and that the Japanese were meeting some reverses. ‘The war office remained outwardly calm, however. It insisted confirma- tion of the reported reverses was lack- « ing, and that besides, the Japanese advance must be expected to be slow because the grounds over which it was ' being fought is cut with many canals, making progress aifficult. More Time Held Necessary. Tt also quoted a repoit from the Japanese Minister to China, Mamoru Shigemitsu. saying that the conquest of the 18th Army would probably re- quire a week or 10 days from the be- ginning of the drive on February 20. Officials said, however, that there was no present intention of sending rein- forcements to Shanghai. Gen. Uyeda, the war office said, has reported his confidence that he will be able to finish the job with the force now at his disposal present. intention to send another expe- ditionary force . In other quarters it was said it would be impossible to get reinforcements from Japan to Shanghai in time to affect the outcome of the present battle. After the Chinese are driven out, they said the Japanese Army would oc- cupy the zone line defensively until the situation warranted their withdrawal or a temporary neutral sone was agreed upon. They interpreted news from Shang- hal as indicating that Gen. Uyeda's offensive was proceeding “according to schedule.” Premier Inukai's Seiyukal party won an overwhelming majority in Saturday's . general election, final returns showed tonight. At the end of the count the govern- ment party had 301 seats in the House . of Representatives, the Minseito (oppo- sition) had 149. the Proletarians 5 and other parties 11. This gives the gov- ' ernment a majority of 136. Chinese Held Isolated. At the war office it was said Gen. ! Chiang Kai-Shek's army was not as- sisting the 19th Route Army in the defense of Shanghai and that the 19th, & Cantonese force, was practically 1so- lated. The war office also said in ef- fect that it heard of a new breach be- tween the central Chinese headquarters at Nanking and the southern govern- ment’s center at Canton. This breach, which the war office in- dicated was imminent, would come about, it said, as a result of Nanking's alleged failure to :upport Gen. Tsai Ting-Kai's 19th Army. ~ Won't Quit League. Kenkichi Yoshizawa, foreign minister, issued a statement for the Associated Press declaring that the suggestion that Japan might withdraw from the League of Nations was “a silly idea.” “The generous enthusiasm of Western observers might, in Japan's absence from the League,” he said, “have carried : them into premature action based on natural but mistaken assumptions. It ; Wwould be the height of folly to abandon + 80 favorable a pasition. Much less is it * possible that this country should re- . pudiate the Briand-Kellogg treaty for " the outlawry of war Had this treaty ~ been duly observed, there would have . been no attack on the South Man- churian Railway or at Japanese patrols . at Shanghai. : “It would be equally impossible and undesirable to repudiate the Washing- ton nine-power treaty, which is a great beacon standing alone in the midst of Chinese international relations.” Not only sentiment, he said, but ne- cessity would lead Japan to maintain the friendliest relations and co-opera- tllon with United States and Great Brit- ain. RAILROADS SEEKING $75,000,000 LOANS FROM TWO AGENCIES (Continued Prom First Page.) 3 advances to a dozen carrlers. Applica- tions from about 15 more are said to be on file : The Reconstruction Pinance Corpora- ' tion, which has just begun to get into its stride, has greater leeway and much larger resources than its privately spon- sored companion. This corporation can loan $100.000000 a&s easily as the smaller corporation can tap the till for $1,000000. A number of railroads, which are able to rustle up the neces- sary money to take care of their imme- diate debt maturities. have turned to the larger corporation for aid in TH];] EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, Attends Washington’s Church PRESIDENT STARTS BICENTENNIAL EXERCISES AT ALEXANDRIA. P memor=te the 200th anniversary famous old building. RESIDENT HOOVER yesterday inaugurated the exercises which will com- of the birth of his distinguished prede- cessor, George Washington, by attending services at old Christ Church in Alexandria, where Washington worshiped and from which he was buried. Photo shows the President and Mrs. Hoover and thelr party leaving the JAPANESE UNABLE TOTAKE KIANGIWAN |Small Defending Force Iso- lated in Walled Village by Advance of Drive. (Continued From First Page.) the Japanese tanks and infantry were slowly making their way through the | village under cover of a rain of shells ' was to disrupt communications between the Chinese front lines and the rear, Great holes were blown in the roadway and it seemed that all military traffic would be tied up for hours. Bodies of soldiers and civillans who were killed by bomb splinters or machine gun slugs lay here and there.” ‘Today's offensive was begun by the Japanese at daybreak. It opened with a tremendous artillery attack as the heavy guns along the line roared into action. Visibility was so poor, be- cause of heavy mists and driving rain, that it was impossible for the gunners to make observations, so they shot blindly. Large groups of tanks and troops stood ready to back up the artil- lery bombardment when it ended. Kiangwan Is Target. One of the principal targets for the fire was the little group of Chinese defenders of Kiangwan who had with- stood a frontal attack of tanks, artil- from the artillery. The Japanese right flank encoun- tered little opposition in its drive south and west of Kiangwan. The bulk of | the army's strength was centered against this central point of the 16-| mile line. Large contingents of new troops were drawn from either end of | the Japanese line, toward Chapel lnd‘ toward Woosung, and brought into the | center to strengthen the thrust past | Kiangwan. Barrage Lald Down. A roaring artillery bombardment pounded the Chinese for two hours this morning. This was followed by a massed attack by tanks and heavy sec- tions of infantry troops who beat against the Chinese line in waves, cov- ered by a “creeping barrage’ from the artiliery and by sweeping sheets of ma- chine-gun fire. In the meantime the Japanese air- planes roared overhead, thundering away at the Chinese second defense ine in the rear. Passing Kigngwan on the north the Japanese attackers bent slowly down on Tachang. in lhz‘ rear of Kiangwan, and pressed south- | ward toward Chenju, indicating that | Kiangwan would soon be surrounded, and that & new attack would be opened on Chapel near the International Set- | tlement. The Chinese guns at Chapei began vigorously to bombard the Jap- anese positions in North Szechuan | road. | The plucky little Kiangwan garrison was faced with an apparent imminent necessity of choosing whether to flee | through the fast narrowing exit or to remain at their posts in danger of be- ing completely surrounded by nightfall. Japanese Pushed Back. In mid-afternocn, however, the Jap- ! anese brigades besieging the village to the east and south began to recoil from their terrific attack of the morning. ‘The Chinese traded punch for punch in | this sector througtout the forenoon and pushed the Japanese back under heavy fire. ‘TLe Japanese wedge pushed nearly two miles into the defenses northwest of Kiangwan during the morning and financing new construction and other activities. The Pennsylvania Rallroad, it has been announced, plans to ask the cor- poration for a total of $100,000.000 in weekly advances, in order that it may go ahead with its large electrification program. Among the pending applications be- fore the two bodies, is the St. Louis- San Francisco request for $13,700,000. This is the most important case to date and decision is expected within 10 days. The road has some substantial loan forced the Chinese who were defending that sector to withdraw four miles to the rea As they retreated, the Chinese were subjected to constant ar- tillery fire with the Japanese airplanes overhead directing the aim of the gun- ners. Following up the advance, Gen. Uyeda began to move his headquarters to Tienlotsu, a railroad point north of Kiangwan, and a mile and a half west of Futan University. Even though accustomed to periodic Talds by Japanese bombing planes, the mmaturities falling due within a month and has sought aid in meeting them. LIFE MUCH SiJPERI6R TO MAN ENVISIONED IN DISTANT WORLDSI (Continued From First Page.) lupgly of energy remains the same. “Out in the heavens, perhaps, are civillzations as far above us as we are above the single cell, since they are 80 much older than ours. If this is true, it is true not only now. It has vs been true. ‘Magnificent forms of life have grown up over magnificent stretches of time, only to perish in some cataclysm. Mag- nificent forms of life will always grow up, if this theory be true that the uni- verse is continually being rebuilt at some unknown subelectronic level. ‘The British scientists reasoned that since galaxies were moving away the universe was expanding and since the #peed of some of the galaxies was as high as 12,500 miles a second, the ex- pansion was the effect of an explosion. Reversing the explosive theory, Dr. MacMillan said the Jeans hypothesis Wwould make our particular galaxy the ultimate and original center of things. Drawing a line back from the outer fly- ing universes he reasoned the probable time of the “‘explosion” as about 2,000, 000,000 years ago. Such a picture, he suggested, was hurdly plausitle. For one thing, he said, there were rocks on the earth, a veritable infant among the stars and planets, which were held by geologists o be at Jeast 1,800,000,000 years old and of the same order of age as the sup- posed cataclysm. —_— Pailure of the Mlulhbe‘liemmu to support r groups or their has increased & Chinese troops were caught upprepared when the swift pursuit planes entered the action, dealing a new kind of death from the air. According to an eye- witness, panic followed in the Chinese ranks when these pursuit planes swooped low over the roads leading to the rear and raked the marching Chinese troops, automobiles and motor eycles with biting machine gun fire. Plane’s Swoop Described. “I was moving over the Chenju road,” sald a Chinese military officer who came in from the area, “several miles behind the Chinese lines when sudden- ly 13 Japanese planes appeared out of the horizon. “Most of them were bombers, but a few swift pursuit planes also were in- cluded in the group. They were flying high. but as they passed overhead, one of the small Jplanes suddenly left the formation and dropped to earth with terrific speed. “I thought the plane was about to crash, but when it neared the road it straightened out, and at the same moment began pouring a stream of machine gun bullets in the direction of a Chinese military motor eycle which was proceeding a few hundred yards ahead of me. e motor cycle was not hit and kept on its way. “The plane rose again, then banked sharply, and returned to repeat the fusillade. The motor cycle driver again was not hit but he stopped his machine and flattened himself out on the ground while the plane swept on to attack a body of our infantry which was mo ing toward Chenju. In the meantime the bombers also got into the aetion. Great Havoc Revealed. “I leaped from car and threw myself into a ditch to avoid being hit. Soon after a bomb e:l)rloded perilously near me. When the alr squadron had passed on I drove on down the road and found b great havoc in its wake.- “I soon came truck with the t its side. lery, cavalry and infantry for two days. At midnight last night their casualties were unknown, but the Japanese ad- mitted they had lost 100 men killed or wounded. The Japanese changed their plan of action shortly after darkness set in last night and rushed their reinforcements to the point north of the village. Their leaders said they were unwilling to sacrifice lives needlessly by attempting to rush the village walls. They ex- pected their encircling drive to the northward to accomplish the same end. Their attack of the north drew the heaviest reply from the Chinese artil- lery the Japanese have yet encountered. Many shells were dropped near the Kiangwan race course, where part of | ) the Japanese headquarters and cavalry and tank units were stationed. The Tace course is about a mile east of the village. The Chinese shells failed to register direct hits on the Japanese positions, but several shacks between the race course and Gen. Uyeda's headquarters, | just to the southeast, were set on fire. Shells also fell around Futan University Wwhere Gen. Uyeda was quartered for the night, and one blew a hole in the road a few yards from the university entrance. Gardens Are Desolated. Part of the area over which the bat- tle has been raging was Shanghai's chief vegetable garden and playground. It is now torn to pieces. The truck gardens are torn up, the golf courses and the race track churned to pieces by the big shells. The Kiangwan race track of the International Recreation Club looked yesterday as if it had been struck by a Kansas twister. Cavalry horses were in the betting booths and a fleet of tanks cluttered up the golf course. As far as one could see in all directions were burning huts of Chi- nese truck gardens. Here and there a tree stood alone in flelds where rice, beans and other vege- tables are grown for the Shanghai mar- ket. But all the Chinese had left. The road to the front was crowded with refugees. They scarcely seemed human as they hobbled alang in rags. Many were barefoot. They carried bundles and bables strapped on their backs. Women limped through the mud, carrying staggering loads—all their ons. They had not the slightest idea of their destination; they merely wanted to get away from the storm of shot and shell. They were evacuating the beggars’ villages which dot the road end which were a picture of misery. American Troops Fired on. American soldiers and Marines guard- ing the northern border of the Inter- national Settlement spent yesterday watchfully waiting and strengthening their defenses against stray bullets and shells as the battle approached nearer their territory. Following a skirmish between Chinese machine gunners and & Japanese armored car, the Americans deci they needed more sand bags and armor plate and they piled these on until %mml‘u ‘were virtually }’ufil!fl within their defenses as night ell. Men of the 31st United States Infan- try were fired on today as they strength- ened their barbed wire defenses, but there were no casualties. Chinese headquarters, after a com- plaint had been filed, explained that the Americans were wearing blue uni- forms and the Chinese soldiers mistook them for Japanese bluejackets. ‘The 31st United States Infantry was transferred from Manila on such short notice that there was no time to pro- vide the men with clothing suitable to the Shanghal climate. Some of them have been wearing the blue dress uni- form on duty instead of the light cotton drill khaki used in the tropics. To Be Relieved Wednesday. The 31st Infantry is scheduled to be relieved Wednesday by British forces, which will take over the front line posts in order to permit the Americans to rest. At the Cha) rallroad station the Americans rubbed elbows with the Chi- nese soldiers. They called back and forth to each other and inquired toward each other’s feelings with regard to the conflict. A sergeant, answering an American’s query, said it was “moy- ing entirely too slow for me.” the Chinese were & trooper 100,000 VISIT CITY FOR FETE OPENING Morning Throngs Increasing With Auto, Bus and Train Arrivals. More than 100,000 visitors thronged Washington this morning for the open- ing of the Bicentennial Celebration of the birth of the First President. Thou- sands poured into the city by automo- bile, bus and trat. During the last two days more than 50,000 persons entered Washington through Union Station alone, addi- tional to the usual week end’ traffic. Added to these were the bus travelers and those who came to the Capital City in_private automobiles. Police and Bicentennial officials ex- cted the heavy automobile traffic ring visitors to the District to do honor to George Washington to eon- tinue throughout the day. Many of the motorists from Maryland and Virginia probably will not stay in the city over- night, it is thought, but will return to their homes at the conclusion of to- day's ceremonies. A survey of both large and small hotels showed that practically all are filled to capacity, many of the resel re rning rooming houses and agencies such as the Travelers Ald Soclety, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. 'The room listing service of the District Bicentennial Com- mission also is being utilized. Two excursion trains from New York, two from Philadelphia, and several from Baltimore arrived in Union Station this morning, crowded to capacity. Several extra trains from sections of the East arrived during the night and yesterday and for the last several days all incom- ing trains have had extra sections. ‘The bus companies likewise reported extraordinarily heavy traffic on regular lines in addition to many specially charted coaches. BOY KILLED IN CRASH Pilot Severely Injured When Plane Falls at Take-off. YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, February 23 (#)—A 13-year-old boy passenger, Leo Rachelo of Mansfield. was killed, and Charles Sedore, 34, Youngstown pilot, was severely injured when their airplane stalled and crashed at Municipal Air- port here yesterday in a take-off. ‘The ship fell from a height of 100 feet when Sedore nosed up too sharply. —_—— “Blosson Time” Comes Back. ¢RLOSSOM TIME." the story of the great but futile love that wrecked the life of Pranz Schubert, was sung last night at the Belasco ‘Theater, and for the lover of light opera it was “blossom time.” indeed. An exceptionally capable cast, robably as well-rounded as any eard in this city, delighted a large audience which showed a remark- able enthusiasm in its applause for the spirited work of the singers. J. Charles Gilbert, who sll)‘fd the part of Schubert, colored his per- formance with a fine dramatic in- terpretation and his excellent voice added much to the beauty of his performance. The outstanding singer of the cast, however. was J h F. Wil- kins, who sang the role of Baron von Schober. GCoupled with remark- £bic volee was a dashing personality which might well stir the romantic heart of a girl as the heart of Mit- 3i, the object of Schubert’s affec- a: tiful, demure and graceful, plain to see why Schubert lost all happiness when he lost her love. Lightening the tragedy which is the underlying theme of the oper- etta, was the amusing character of Kranz, the jeweler and father of Mitzi, Kitzi and Fritzi. Robert Lee Allen in this role whs funny from his first appearance. The beautiful “Serenade” and “Song of Love” were, of course, the outstanding songs. The lovely mel- odies of Schubert, together with the genius of Sigmund Romberg, have combined to make “Blossom Time" one of the outstanding light operas of the present generation. The un- broken popularity which has follow- ed it wherever and whenever it has been sung, attest to its worth. It remains only- then, to comment on the cast and this comment can but be to sing the praise of the per- formers not only for their capabili- ties but for the spirit which they put into their work. An intelligent and inspired read- ing of the score was given by Cass Freeborn, musical director of the company. As a whole it is splen- did performance, worthy of the master whose life it portrayed. H.P. B. Ann Corio At the Gayety. NN CORIO, star of “her own show,” again cayses the Gayety to reverberate with applause. Fritzie White sparkles with many snappy dances and & song skit. Phyllis Derita, Lillian Wayne and Floy Brazil complete the feminine cast. Joe Derita, a clown who does not lack what it takes to make a suc- cessful burlesque comedian, and his partner, Harry Meyers, stage several fast, mirth-making acts. Al Baker, a “straight man,” who seems to be better every time he arrives here, deserves his share of the glory for making the show a hit. He is the key man to the presentation. All in all, the show has improved quite & bit since its last Apeatance hcnu. Old England For Pictures. ’I‘OUR!B‘!S who think they have seen England when they visit London noncl itly overlook a bet. ‘This fact was brought home by E. M. Newman in the last of a series of travel talks yesterday at the Na- tional Theater. Mr, Newman pleased a large au- dience with motion _pictures and slides of scenic and historic points of interest in remote corners of Eng- land and Wales, He presented countless views of quaint houses, towering. cathedrals built centuries ago, mountain gorges, ancient for- ests and picturesque villages honey- combed with narrow, winding streets. ‘The audience was am the English custom of drivi on the mirin-provoking plctures mchided & mirth-prov ures inc] . Hereford library in which all the volumes were-chained.to the shelves and a church efiw with & duek- m‘dwr in which gossips of an- r generation were sileficed, Glimpses also were provided -of the Tewksbury Pageant, Chelten- ham, Southampton, the Isle of Wight, Cowes, Pensance, Salisbury, Glastonbury, Lacock, Roman baths at Bath, Clifton-Bristol, Bi- Other views ineluded the birth. place of Charles Dickens at Ports= mouth and the home of Thomas Hardy at Dorchester, _ D. B\ W, 0. ¢, GARNER ATTACKS HOOVER ON RELIEF Truce Fades as Speaker Ac- cuses President of Play- | ing Politics. | __(Continued prom First Page) to it shall claim the right to have ev- erything it asks enacted into law to the exclusion of what the other party deems necessary for the public welfare. “The Democrats of the Senate and House of Representatives have sought In every way to clear the track for measures calculated to relieve the public distress, and particularly to effect such savings in the cost of Government as may mzke it possible to balance the budget with the minimum of hardshio involved in increased taxes, etc. “Our course has met with approba- tion all over the country—in fact, no- body has ventured to ecriticize us with the exception of the administration, which appears to regard it as requisite not only that the Democrats shall sign on the dotted line, but ineists that the administration should have 1 the credit for whatever is accomplfshed. “Obviously, the Democratic majority of the House subscribes to no such in- terpretation of its duty. If we are go- ing to be partners in the enterprise of redeeming prosperity, in reducing the distress of the depression. in effectinz economies in Government, in formu- iating measures adequate to produce the revenue the Government requires— we must be full partners. taking our full share in the responsibilities, and participating In whatever benefits ac- crue—political or otherwise. Most Important Task. “One of our important tasks—perhaps the most important—is to straighten out the deficiency in the Treasury that has come after a dozen years of un- interrupted and unhampered Republican control and direction of our finances. Our task has not been made easier by the error of hundreds of millions of dollars in the budget estimates the President has sent us. “It would be absurd. regardless of politics. for us to accept as financial gospel the output of the source of such miscalculation—the administration that permitted the Treasury to get into such a fix. What we are doing is to consider carefully every recommendation that comes from the White House, without prejudice; to accept what in our judg- ment sppears to be worthwhile and to reject or tinker into shape what seems to us futile or worse. “We have a right to expect that the administration will take our judgment as impartially as we take theirs. In other words, we regard it as part of the undeclared compact of concert for the public good. that when we have altered an administration measure, the admin- istration co-operate with us in getting it passed instead of jockeying to have its own way exclusively, and without an effort to make the country believe that whenever we do mnot follow the letter of the President's proposals we'| are playing polities. “It ought to be obvious that the Executive has neither sufficient in- fluence with the whole of his party delegation in Congress nor the power to do things by himself, and therefore must have participation by the Demo- crats if we are to reach the national objective. No Co-operation, He Says. “It is well enough to talk of a political truce, but let me tell you that the kind of truce we interid is not that the ad- ministration shall continue hostilities while we abstain from them. “8o far we have had no co-opera- tion in the true sense of the word. Such measures ss the /Glass-Steagall amendment, which has its foundation in legislation frequently sought by Democratic legislators, and as fre- quently vetoed by the then Bepublican majorities, are claimed as triumphs for the administration. “There is an instance of this in every speech made by one of Mr. Hoover’s cabinet, or other administration spokes- men. The purpose is plainly to improve the President's prospects of re-election by planting the idea that he single- handed has accomplished everything that is done by Congress. “Now he has sent us a recommenda- tion for the reorganization of the Gov- ernment. Briefly, it consists in a sug- gestion that Congress abdicate its pre- rogatives and give him blanket power to appoint a lot of new officers, and make the Government anything he Ppleases. Delay Is Attacked. “Why did he not send us his actual program? We know that he has been playing with the thought for a dozen years; that he had his charts of bureau consolidations, department mergers and redistribution of Government functions ready a decade ago—even though he has never until this time sought to have Congress effect the changes. “Why has he not told us what he proposes doing and how he means to do it, so that we could accurately Jjudge of the value of his suggestions, in- stead of adopting his familiar process of asking that we leave it to him? ““Well, we are not going to grant any such unlimited charter. We, too, have our ideas as to how to effect improve- ments and economies in the national administration. If the President is sincerely desirous of such lm“rmvtnunt. there is no reason we should not get together. If he did that, he would co- operate; what he seeks instead is to dictate, and nobody can dictate to the Democratic group in Congress.” Will Rogers , Okla.—Ahout time for r'gy ;‘l;tll-hmrdl&:: jekxe commission operating. am picking the best of my commission, I got Mr, Wickersham I be- he de- serves another chance to make good on a com- mission. So it's the Rogers- Wickersham Committee, but Rogers is chair- man. Out on the Rogers ranch at Oclogah, where I spent yesterday, Herb McSpadden, my nephew, had fo take a milk stool and beat an old cow over the rear end, she was hoarding her milk. A Jewish farmer at Claremore named Morris Haas hid five hundred dol- lars in bills in a barre] of bran, and & cow eat it up. He has just been able to get eighteen dollars of it back up to now. This hoarding don’t pay. THE WEATHER District of Columbia.—FPsir and cold- er tonight, minimum temperature about 27 degrees; tomorrow fair, slightly colder; moderate northwest winds. Maryland.—Fair and colder tonight and tomorrow; fresh to strong north- west winds. Virginia.—Cloudy, slightly calder to- wg tomorrow, cloudy and m; West ~Partly ecloudy and MONDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 193%. " President Péyé fioma—g; = Address to Congress Stresses Coumge and Accom- plishments of Washington and Their Benefits to Posterity. President Hoover's address today at the joint session of Congress, the celebration of the Bicen of the birth of Washington: ples of Washington will celebrate his birth with no less of gincere admiration than we now commemorate it, When they shall meet, as we now meet, o do themselves and him that honor so surely as they shall see the blue sum- mifs of his native mountains rise the horizon, so surely as they shall hold the river on whose whose ba itol. And then, as now, may the sun in its course visit no land more free, more happy, more lovely, than this, our own country.” The time that Webster looked for- ward to is here. We “other disciples of Washington” whom he gathered today. His pi cut, his fulfilled. floats from the of the Ca) has come unscat) through f war and the threat of internal division Its only change 18 the symbol of growth. The 13 stars that Washington saw, and the 24 thit Webster looked upon, now are 48. The number of those who pay loyalty to that flag has multiplied fold. The respect for it beyond our borders already great when Webster spoke hundred years ago, has increased—not only in pro- portion to the power it symbolizes, but even more by ‘the measure in which cther peoples have embraced the ideals for which it stands. To Webster'’s ex- pression of hope we may reasonably answer, yes, “the sun in its course visits no land more free, more happy, more lovely, than this, our own coun- try.” Proudly we to our fore- fathers that the ublic is more secure, more constant, more powerful, more truly great than at any other time in its history. Today the American people begin a period of tribute and gratitude to this man whom we revere above all other Americans. Continuing until Thanks- giving day they will commemorate his birth in every home, every school, every church and every community under our flag. Life snd Accomplishments. In all this muititude of shrines and forums they will recount the life his- tory and accomplishments of Wash- ington. It is & time in which we will pause to recall for our own guidance, and to summarize and emphasize for the benefit of our children, the ex- periences, the achievements, the d: gers escaped, the errors redressed—all the lessons that constitute the record of our past. The ceremonial of commemorating the founder of our country is one of the most solemn that either an indi- vidual or a nation ever performs. Car- ried out in high spirit it can be made one of the most fruitful and enriching. It is a thing to be done in the mood of prayer, of communing With the spiritual springs of patriotism and of devotion to country. It is an occasion for looking back to our past. for tak- ing stock of our present, and, in the light of both, setting the compass for our future. We look back that we may recall those qualities of Washington's character which made him great, those principles of national conduct which he laid down and by which we have come thus far. We meet to re-estab- dish cur contact with them, renew our fidelity to them. Prom this national Tevival of interest in the history of the American Revo- lution and of the independence of the United States will come a renewal of those inspirations which strengthened the patricts who brought to the world » new concept of human liberty and a new form of government. So rich and vivid is the record of history that Washington in our day lives again in the epic of the founda- tion of the Republic. He appears in the imagination of every generation as the embodiunent of the wisdom, the ecurage, the patience, the endurance, the statesmanship, and the absence of all mean ambition, which transformed scattered communities of the forest and tLe frontiers into a unity of frece and independent people. It is not necessary for me to at- tempt a eulogy cf George Washi on. That has been done by masters of art and poetry during more than a hun- dred years. To what they have said I attempt to make no addition. Nation Eulogy In Itself. ‘The true eulogy of Washington is this mighty Naticn. He contributed more to its origins than any other man ‘The influence of his character and of his accomplishments contributed to the building of human freedom and ordered liberty. not alone upon this continent but upon all continents. The part which he played in the creation of our institutions has brought daily harvest of happiness 0 hundreds of millions cf humanity. tions from his genius have lifted the vision of succeeding generations. The definitions of those policies in govern- ment which he fathered have stood the test of 150 years of strain and stress From the inspiration and the ideals which gave birth to this Nation, there has come the largest measure of lib- erty that man has yet devised. So securely were the foundations of this free Government. laid that the struc- ture has been able to adapt itself to the changing world relations, the revo- lutions of invention and the revelations of scentific discovery, the fabulous in- crease of population and of wealth, and yet to stand the kaleidoscopic coms lexities of life which these changes guve brought upon it. What other great, purely human in- stitution, devised in the era of the swigecoach and the candle, has so mar- velously grown and survived into this epoch of the steam engine, the air- plane, the incandescent lamp, the wireless telephone and the battleship? If we are to refreshment to our ideals from looking backward to Wash- ington, we should strive to identify the quality in him that made our Revolu- tion a success and our Nation great. ‘Those were the qualities that marked ‘Washington out for immortality. Patience and Steadfastness. We find they were not spectacular qualities. He never char, with a victorious army up the capital streets of a conquered enemy. Excepting only Yorktown and Trenton, he won no striking victories. His great military strength was in the strategy of attri- tion, the patient endurance of adver- sity, steadfast purpose unbent by defeat. The American shrine most associated with Washington is Valley Forge, and succeeding | ‘The inspira- | Vi ol was not 8 plsce %fi‘“ vicory ‘of ‘Washing- b’vui‘uu nndedl.lco:‘r‘fimnt.:i m: -du:z’::, determinstion . without ‘passion, ‘The descriptions of George Washing- his M“TH give us no; g:rbyplcwu of inner man, the Washington whose spiritual force so him 3 , whilst the writings of others ars clouded by their awe or are obscured by their venom. We must deduce mainly from other records why shoulders above extraordinary living TRt wnite rdi crowd, at w heat, men as varied, as brilliant, as versatile as the extraordi- nary demands which the times made upon them. They were men fiexible in intellect, and versed in the ways of the world. Yet in every crisis, and for every role, they turned to Washington. They forced him ° the Indian ‘fi"‘n; they made him a against trained British troops; demanded that he be s constitu- tionalist and a national statesman: they insisted he must his country through the skillfs ambushes of European ; they summoned him to insolvent infant Nation. Why did his brilliant fellow patriots always thus turn to him? ‘The snswer of history is character, a finer character, a purer| character, than any other man of his| time In sll the shifting pressures of his generation. all men acknowledged that the one irresistible force was the | presence, cowardice dared not show its quaking knees. Virtues Are Recognised. In his integrity all our men of genius in his day found their one sure center of agreement. In his wisdom and authority they found the one sure way to practical fulfillment of their dreams. ‘e need no atlempt at canonization of George Washington. We know he was human, subject to the discourage- ments and perplexities that come to us ety St e leepest anxiety. We o - ferings, and the sacrifices and anguish | that came to him. We know of his re- |sentment of injustice and misrepre- sentation. And yet we know that he never lost faith in our people. Nor have I much patience with those who undertake the irrational | humanizing of Washington. He had indeed the fine qualities of friendliness, of sociableness, of humanness, of simple | | hospitality; but we have no need to | lower our vision from his unique qual- | ities of greatness, or to seek to de- preciate the unparalleled accomplish- | ments of the man who dominated and gave birth to the being of a great Nation. ‘What we have need of today in this celebration is to renew in our people the inspiration that comes from George | Washington as a founder of human liberty, as the father of a system of government, as the builder of a system of nationa) life. It is of primary importance that we of today shall renew that spark of im- mortal purpose which burned within him, shall know of the reselution and the steadfastness which carried him forward to the establishment of a Nation. That establishment was not a | momentary flash of impulse, in a people rebellious and passionate under oppres- sion, destined to fade into the chaos so often born of revolutions. On the con- trary, it was builded upon foundations of principles and ideals which have given the power and strength that | made this Nation, and inspired the | establishment of ordered liberty in a score of other nations. Remembrance of Trials. ‘We have need to refresh to the re- membrance of tke American peopie the great tests and trials of character of | the men who founded our Republic. We have need to remember the fiber of | those men who brought to successful | conclusion the eight years of Revolution. We have need again to bring forth the picture of the glories and the valor of | Lexington and Concord, of Bunker Hill, | the suffering and fortitude of Valley | Porge, the victory of Yorktown. We | have need to revive the meaning and the sheer moral courage of the Declara- tion of Independence, the struggles of the Ccntinental Congress, the forming of the Constitution. We have need at all times to review the early crises of the Republic, the consolidation of the Union, the establishment of national solidarity, the building of an adminis® tration of government, and the develop- ment of guarantees of freedom. No incident and no part in these great events, which have echoed and re- echoed throughout the world for a cen- tury and a half, can be separated from the name and the dominant leadership of George Washington. Upon these foundations of divine in- spiration laid by our forefathers, and led by Washington, our Nation has builded up during this century and a half & new system of life, & system unique to the American people. It is hallowed by the sacrifice and glorious valor of men. It is assured by a glor- lous charter of human rights, It comprises & political system of self-government by the majority, rest- ing upon the duties of individual men to the community, and of the local communities to the Nation. It is ai government designed in spirit to sus- tain a dual purpose; to protect our people among nations by great national power, and to preserve individual free- dom by local self-government. It comprises a social system free of inherited position, based upon the ideal of equality of all men before the law, the equal privilege of men to strive and to achieve, and the responsibilities of men to their neighbors. It embraces an economic system based upon the largest degree of free- dom and stimulation to initiative and ente: which can be itted and still maintain the ideal of equality of opportunity among men, Finally, it embraces a system of re- lationships to other natlons based upon no thought of imperialism, no desire to dominate; a determined national self-reliance in defense and independ. ence in action; freedom from all com- mitment to the unknown future, and an aspiration to promote peace and good will among all men. Perhaps no single part of this system Late Bicentennial Program TODAY. 2:30 p.m.—President reviews military and civic parade in Alexandria. 3:00 pm.—President lays wreath Vernon. on tomb of Washington st Mount 00 p.m.—Colonial Ball, Mayfliower Hotel. 00 p.m.—George Washington University convocation, Conatitution Hall. :00 p.m.—Special service, Metropolitan Baptist Church, Sixth and A streets northeast. 30 p.m.—New England States Society Colonial Ball, Willard Hotel. 00 p.m.—All States Officers’ Bociety Costume Ball, Shoreham Hotel. 10:00 p.m.—Colonial Ball, Gadsby's Tavern, Alexandria, Va., sponsored by Colonisl Dames of Virginis, Meunt Vernon Chapter, D. 4. R, and Washingten Soclety of Alexandria, establish the nonexistent credit of an|of Distingiushed Audience Sees Washington’s Greatness Portrayed. A colorful symbolic picture of Amer- ican history was presented at Consti- tution Hall last night when Percy Mac- Kaye's folk-masque, “Wakefield,” was staged undey the auspices of the George Washington Bicentennial Commission. A distinguished audience, led by Vice President Charles Curtis, witnessed the performance in which several hun- dred elaborately costumed Washing- tonians participated. ‘The central theme of the masque was a Midwinter night’s dream of the birth of Wash- ington. The masque opened with the chorus of the ages—with an impres- sive scene as the large blue-robed chorus, each member bearing a lighted candle, passed down the aisles, followed by the spirit of Washington. played by the Rev. Earle Wilfley. The spirit emerges from the dimness of folk mem- ory, casts its shadow upon the rock symoolizing the American background, and then passes into the rock itself where later historic tableaux visions of his “will to freedom” are revealed. The whole prologue voices the master theme the masque, the conflict between the will to freedom, symbolized by the spirit of Washington and the muddled. self- enslaved spirits symbolizing drift. Folk Spirit Appears. Then appears the miternal folk spirit, Wakefield. played by Margaret Anglin, who hears the voices of the symbolic characters Free and Brave lost in the wildernese. Scene after scene follows, showing the conflict between these spirits and the spirit of drift, during which the long pageant of American history is enacted in a series of scenes— the New World explorers, the characters of American folk lore, the pioneers and representations from Shakespeare, Eng- lish history and the Bible. Then all 18 }nom by the re-entry of the spirits of 0. Then comes the second part of the masque, symbolizing the various folk elements that have entered into Amer- ican life. There are 13 processionals— Scotch, Welsh, Irish, German, Nor- wegian, Prench, Danish, Italian, Greek, Swedish, Czechoslovakian, Polish and Russian—for which the singers were furnished by the varicus local national groups. Wakefield welccmes them. ‘Then, within the rock, a rapidly moving series of tableaux is revealed, showing significant events in the life of Wash- ington, at the end of which the majestic figure of the first President appears high on the rock and the masque ends of the cntire assembly jolns in & new stanza of “The Star Spangled Banner” written by Mr. MacKaye. Given by Large Cast. ‘The cast of the masque is as foliows: Washingtor, the Rev. Earle Wilfley; North Star, Arthur Wh orom, Maurice Jarvis; Cassiopeia, Grace Peters Johnson; Wakefleld. Margaret Angln; Folk-Say. Robert Chase: Wap.»como, Black Bird. an Omaha Indian .-mus, | Edward Muth: free, Hugo S¢ .ulze: drift, Caroline McKinley: Cabal, Wallace Wright: fear, Ruth McKenaie; muddle, Thomas Cahill; poverty. Anne Ives; persecution, Eldred Wilson; brave, Harry Schonrank The “chorus of the ages” was pro vided by the National Capital Choir, augmented by 140 singers. Scenes were presented by the Caroline McKinley dancers, Avondale country school. How- ard University, Knights of Columbus, Indians from the Indian Bureau of the Department of the Interior, Shake- speare Society of Washington, Henry C. Spengler Post and auxiliary, Ameri- can Legion; Washington Federation of Churches and Jewish Community Chorus, Neighborhood House and the Americanization School Assoclation and co-operating national groups and Friendship House. ‘Tableau scenes were presented by the 260th Coast Artillery of the District of Columbia National Guard, Southern Society, Virginia State Soclety and the ‘Washington Club. is different from some instance in his- tory or in some other part of the world. But in its composite form it is dis- tinctly unique and distinctly American, 2 system under which we have reached an assured position among the most powerful of the nations of the world. This destiny of national greatness was clearly foreseen by George Wash- ington. More fully than any man of his time was he gifted with vision of the future. He spoke habftually of the “American empire,” and predicted its expansion from ocean to ocean. He planned and wrought for the bindin forces of transportation and peacefu commerce. He thought in terms of almost imperial grandeur, and he wrought in terms of republican solidity. His far-flung dreams have come true, and he lives today in his works, in the names of our towns or cities and our States, and in the afe fectionate reverence of us who so ime measurably benefit by his wisdom. Our American system of national life is dependent upon a trust in the prin- ciples of government as established by that divine inspirs sedulously invoked and which is ex- pressed in the common mind of our people; and above aid & trust in the divine providence which has always given guidance to our country. Infusion of Social Ideals. From Washington's spirit there has grown an infusion of social ideals with the quality of magnanimity—upholding prosperity with generosity, dignity with forbearance, security without privilege, which has raised our institutions to & level of humanity and nobility nowhere else attained. We have the faith that Webster ex- pressed, that a hundred rs_hence our countrymen will &g=.n celebrate his birth, will review the memory of his services with no less sincere ad- miration and gratitude than we now commemorate it, and that they too will see, as_we now see, “the flag of the Union floating on the top of the "Capitor.” From the room where I conduct my high office I hourly see the Monument which Washington's proud and grateful countrymen have raised to his memory. It stands foursquare to the world, its base rooted steadfast In the solid sub- stance of American soil. Its peak rises toward the reavens with matchless serenity and calm. Massive in its pro. portions, as was the character of Wash- himself, overwhelming in its symmetry, simplicity and Sincerity, it most fittingly, beautifully and nobly proclaims the founder of our common- wealth and our acceptance of his faith, Around that Monument have grown steadily and surely the benevolent and beneficent ncies of orderly govern- ment dedicated to the spirit ¢” Wash- any other monument bulit by the hand of man out of clay and stone, this shaft is a thing of the spirit. Whether seen in darkness or in t, in brightness or in gloom, there is about it a mantle of pure radiance which gives it the aspect of eternal truth. It is a pledge in the sight of all mankind, given by Washington's countrymen, to carry forward the continuing fulfill- ment of vision of America. Jobless Gain in Germany. Pebruary