Evening Star Newspaper, January 24, 1932, Page 26

“. reach everybody in Washington who .. ” ment have the authority to set aside o licitor, with detailed information, by THE SUNDAY AR, WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY 24, 1932—PART TWO, THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY. January 24, 1932 < THEODORE W. NOYES. Yhe Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 L 42nd St Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. European Office: 14 ijrn\ &, Londen, an Rate by Carrier Within the City. 45¢ per month oy Sar 60c per month i 65c per e Sunday Btar ... Bc per copy Collection made at the efid 6f ‘ench month rders may be sent in by mall or telephone Ational 5000. Sunday ‘Sia month Rate by Mall—Payable fn Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 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One of the results of education is to < enable the individual to form his own opinion and to act in accordance with his beliefs, asking only for the facts upon which any intelligent opinion is based., This editorial is being written on the assumption that Washington, as a com- munity of more than ordinary intelli- gence, in the past three years has been educated not only in the theories which underlie the fundamental principles of organized giving for the relief of mis- and declared that the reservation of curb space for busses on any scale is an unfair and discriminatory pre-emp- tion of street area for common carriers, operated for profit. The practice of allocating street space for these vehicles at their terminals and waiting points should long ago have been discontinued and the bus lines compelled to establish stations off the streets for storage and care during intervals between trips. This matter of bus terminals has been hanging fire for several years, while the nuisance of free street use by the lines has become greater. Com- | missioners and the Public Utilities Com- | mission have approached the matter {now and then with & view to effecting an agreement between the companies upon the establishment of a central station, but each time the lines have refused to accept any plan. It is quite | Within the power of the Commissioners |to set a date beyond which it shall be {unlawful to store any common-carrier | vehicle on the streets for a longer period than that necessary to receive or discharge passengers. They have not, however, adopted this course, and the result is an increasing absorption of the street space for bus terminal uses. Procrastination In this matter only serves to add to the difficulties of so- lution. There is no necessity for hear- ings on the subject. The facts in the case are plain. The bus lines are sim- ply using the street spaces without rent or any charge whatever in the promo- tion of their own business, and the private citizens are denied the right of using curb space in constantly expand- ing areas, for even the shortest period. As long as parking is permitted at all in the downtown area for privately owned motor cars, there should be no pre-emption of space except at fire plugs and entrances to susiness build- fortune, but in the application of those theories and principles through the Community Chest, It is the purpose here to present some of the important facts in connection with the fourth an- nual campaign of the Washington Com- . munity Chest, which begins its final gnd most important phase on this Sun- day, to raise the money necessary for the support of its sixty-five constituent fnstitutional members, The inspira- tional appeals in behalf of the Com- munity Chest are being made today from the pulpits of the city's churches and at the mass meeting this afternoon st 3 oclock in Constitution Hall. The specific task confronting the eommunity in this campaign is to raise $2,601,000 for the year 1932. Of this ~'amount, the Government personnel has already contributed $1,000,000, The Spe- “clal Gifts Committee has obtained con- tributions now totaling $760,000, and hopes to increase this to at least “$830,000 before the end of the cam- :paign. The rest of Washington is ex- ‘pected to make up the balance of 770,000 through the effort beginning ~today. The Community Chest solicitors will make the usual thorough attempt to ~ has been a contributor or is a potential “‘contributor to the Chest. Those who are not visited by a worker for the Chest and who wish to make a contri- " bution may request a visit from & so- telephoning Metropolitan 2284. The amount sought for the Chest _this year represents an ingease of $650,000 over the amount obtained last year. This increase of one-third is _idemanded by the unemployment situa- tion and the needs that it has created. The increase over last year's fund will be expended to make up a deficit of $137,500 in 1931, created by unantici- pated demands for relief; to care for .an increase in the need for relief now estimated at forty per cer' during the coming year, and in supplying funds for the District of Columbia Committee on Employment, an organization which has been added to the Community Chest membership, thereby avoiding | & separate appeal for funds. The pro- gram of this committee is to provi work on public grounds which other- wise would not be done. The Chest campaign and the admin- fstration of the Chest funds through the sixty-five member organizations is expected to cost six per cent of the money raised. This is to be compared with the estimated fifteen to twenty per | cent of money raisti that went into overhead and campaign expenses of the ings. v ———— The Reconstruction Corporation. The Congress has passed and the President has signed the bill earnestly recommended by the administration which provides for a Reconstruction Finance Corporation, with wide powers to wid agriculture and industry. In & measure, this law is the keystame of the program advanced by President Hoover to help meet the pusiness sit- uation in this country. It is the sec- ond bill so proposed to have received final action by the two Houses of Con- gress and approval by the President, the first being the bill to amend the Federal farm loan act by providing for additional capital for the Federal land banks. The Congress is pressing for- ward to good purpose with the relief program, ‘The President’s recommendation for the establishment of the new Recon- struction Finance Corporation was for- mulated after he had carefully studied the situation and taken counsel with leaders in finance and industry, Demo- crats as well @s Republicans. The new corporation is to have at its command, if it is found necessary, a total of $2,000,000,000 to relieve the credit sit- uation and to “stop deflation in agri- culture and industry, and thus to in- crease employment by the restoration of men to their normal jobs.” The quotation is from a statement issued by President Hoover when he signed the bill and made jt law. Of this total amount Congress has been asked imme- diately to appropriate $500,000,000 to enable the Treasury of the United States to subscribe to the stock of the corporation. The board of directors of the corperation are suthorized to issue bonds or debentures of the corporation, to be sold and bearing a rate of interest fixed by the board, up fo $2,000,000,000, including the subscription which it is now proposed the Federal Government shall make. The power of the Govern- ment i back of the securities so issued by the corporation. ‘The purpose of the law creating the corporation is set forth clearly by the President. It is not designed as an eid to to “big business,” although its op- erations will necessarily aid all busi- ness. It is set up for the support of the smaller banks and financial insti- tutions, making their resources “liquid.” It is expected to give renewed support to business, industry and agriculture, and to permit them all to carry on “free from unexpected shocks and re- tarding influences.” ? The bellef has been expressed that this new agency will revive courage where more courage is needed today in the industrial world, as well as provide member organizations before their joint adoption of the Community Chest method of adminfstration. So far as it is humanly possible, every appeal to the Chest for ald is answered. Trained workers are em- ployed, not only to offset the work of imposters, but to give constructive help as well as administering to emergent need. Twenty-four hour reference serv- foe is ma fned by the Chest during the day at the Council of Social Agen- cles, 1418 I street northwest, and after § oclock pm. and on Saturdays, Sun- days and holidays by the Travelers’ Aid Society, Union Bt Any contributor to the Community Chest may obtain a book of tickets, to be used in directing those in need of immediate aid to the sources of help. All the income and the expense of the Community Chest is budgeted, certi- fled by a budget committee made up of Washington men of recognized stand- ing. No com jons are paid to Com- munity Chest workers or solicitors. Any criticism ‘of the Chest work ol methods is welcomed by the Chest officials, and those who have heard storles reflecting on the Community ©Ohest will perform a valuable public service by tracing down the facts, “veri- fying them and informing the Com- munity Chest officials of the result. Will Washington respond to this ap- peal? Will Washingtoy meet the grave . emergency of this year's distress by making the fourth annual qampsign of the Chest a success? Washington has never failed. - Unwarranted Curb Privileges. Judge Hitt in the Traffic Court yes- terday dismissed s charge against & eitizen who had been arrested for park- ing his motor car within one of the “While 1 realize,” he said, “that the Public Utili- #paces reserved for busses. ties Commission and the Police Depart bas been made In this vicinity is un 9 yeasonable and unjust to the car-own. ing Whizens of the District.” | additional credit facilities. Loans will | be made to agriculture, commerce and | industry on security considered adequate !'by the board of directors. Those who | may borrow from the corporation in- | clude banks, savings banks, trust com- | panies, building and loan associations, | insurance companies, mortgage loan | compantes, credit unions, Federal land | banks, joint stock land banks, agricul- tural credit corporations, live stock | credit corporations, receivers of closed banks and railroads engaged in inter- | state commerce. The relief, therefore, covers & wide range. Certain limita- tions are imposed regsrding loans, No | one concern may borrow more than | $100,000,000, for example, and &t no time shall the outstanding loans to | Closed banks exceed $200,000,000, nor |may loans be made on foreign securities. ‘To the Secretary of Agri- culture is allocated ten per cent, or $200,000,000, to be loaned to farmers {to make this year's crops, where the mergency renders it necessary for them 1 omaprg— | Our Navy might add to its repertoire “"Way Down Upon the Yangtze e r——— What Is the Plan? The Commissioners are understood to be considering a reorganization of the Engineer Department at the Municipal Building to include the creation of & new job for somebody at & salary of $8,000 & year. The new execubve would have supervision over the office of the municipal architect, the building in- spector and the electrical engineer and would report to the Engineer Commis- sioner through one of the Assistant Engineer Commissioners. The Com- missioners have not seen fit to talk about their plan, and the details of what they may have in mind are lack- ing. It may be an excellent plan. But it is obvious that the Commissioners must be able to demonstrate the actual need space for busses, it seems to me such .. wholesale reservation of curb space as ! promotions or tramsfers within the Dis- trict Building that would pernilt of the desired centrolization of suthakity over certain offices without the necassity for increasing the pay roll. These things are not known now, as there has been great secrecy in cennection with the proposed reorganization that has given it an enticing air of mystery, with re- sultant starting of a number of rumors. This would not have been the case if the plan had been frankly and freely discussed at the outset. zations and promotions, utilizing avail- able personnel, ard it is another thing to make a reorganization in order to tive being to relieve some other exccu-‘ tive of too much detail. There was no| executive ever born who did not feel the need of being relleved of detail by an; assistant, and no assistant ever born who | did not feel the need of being relieved of detail by an assistant to the as-| sistant. Under existing circumstances, | it might be as well to save the salary| of & new assistant to an Assistant En- gineer Commissioner, or consider the number of clerks or subofficials or even per diem employes who might, by ex- penditure of the same amount of money, be given employment. The Engineer Commissioner is & busy man. In addition to the general super- vision of the Engineer Department, he is chairman of the Zoning Commission, member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, member of the Public Utilities Commission. He is provided with three Army officer as- sistants, usually of the rank of major, | sometimes, as at present, two majors| and 8 captain. The three assistants aivide among them the duties of execu- tive officer of the Zoning Commission, member of the Co-ordinating Board of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, negotiations and purchas- ing officer for land. The four officers supervise the work of seventeen di- visions, boards, committees or offices in the Engineer Department. Since last June the post of Engineer Commissioner has been filled by Maj. Donald A. Davison, due to the pro- longed and unfortunate illness of the Engineer Commissioner, Maj. Gotwals, For the last seven months the Assistant Engineer Commissioners have been forced to work at top speed to vake care of the extra duties imposed by the ab- sence of Maj. Gotwals. But is this condition permanent or temporary? Does it indicate the need for another executive assistant, or does it emphasize the necessity of keeping the Army posts at the District always filled? As long as the key positions in the Engineer Department have been placed under officers of the Army, is it not in- cumbent upon the authorities to see that they are available for duty? A great London merchant visiting these shore declares that the troubles of the United Btates are “largely psy- chological.” If he means that our affairs are twisted into one of those old-time “Psyche-knots” he may be right, at that. ——— A headline promises “Ruthless Econo- mies” on the part of the New Jersey Legislature, The neighboring State across the Hudson may eventually come to this point, but not until the Babe fails to show flashes, at least, of his old form. “Prince and Princess Nicholas of Ru- mania” is the way the recent arrivals in Paris signed up at their hotel. If there ever was a hot-air register, that hostelry has it. e —p——— “Europe Is Divided Upon Debt Plans” ran a recent headline. Sure, but the suspicion is beginning to dawn over here that every plan has the same ob- Jective. ——— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Song for All Seasons. Sunshine in de Summer sky, | | Our ‘hearts ‘are’ restless until they BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FRE PERIODS OF RENEWAL MAN, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Washington. “I will not let thee go ezcept thou Dless me."—Genesis, Txzii.26. “Wise Men Worship,” is the title of |a remarkable book that contains e | pressions from leading scientists, phil~ But it is one thing to make reorgani-| osophers and public men concerning their views as to the value of worship. In every instance they speak of its in- dispensableness in the scheme of well- ordered living. Their observations create a new job to be filled by another remind us of what another has said, | executive, the idea of the new execu-| ‘“There's not a man that lives who has not known his Godlike Rours.” That there is something in human nature that reaches out for communion with God is universally true. Darwin found in the most uncivilized of the world’s vaces a religious instinct. En- tirely apart from any claim the church makes for a recognition of the value of its offices, it is true, as Sabatier has sald: “Man is incurably religious.” No matter how We may suppress the re- ligious instinct, nor indeed how indif- ferent we may be to the call of worship, private and public, what the great | Augustine said is true. Lord, Thou hast made us for Thyseif, and st in hee. ‘There is & sense of repose, of mental serenity that issues from communion with God. That & regular and unfail- ing practice of prayer has its effect upon the whole course of our lives is demonstrably true. Apart from its stab- ilizing influence, it refines and illumin- ates those who indulge in it. It was sad concerning the great Master that, “‘as he prayed the fashion of His coun- tenance was altered.” Throughout the momentous years of His life He re- peatedly sought the silences. separated Himself from His fellows that He might tion and prayer. Before He entered upon His great service He passed into the wilderness, there to contemplate the mighty task to which He was committed. Shall we not believe that in these periods of de- tachment He saw with clearer vision the course that lay before Him? Quite apart from the private devo- tions in which we indulge there is a - | gether true. without interruption indulge in medita- | value in corporate worship, worship in !)lle house o!pgvod, that has a value !hll! we too little recognize. That “there is 8 place where spirits blend, where friend holds fellowship with friend,” is alto- We give too much empha- s our conception of corporate wor- ship’ to the place which the sermon | holds. While preaching is a valuable | aid to reflection, it is not the pri Y | purpose for which the church stands. Worship is its primary and essential function. To get away, from the har- rassing cares of life and to join with friends and neighbors in prayers and hymns, and to feel with them the com- monness of the tie that binds us, as well as the commonness of our depend- ence upon God, all this is an indis- ensable contribution to efficient living. f it did nothing more than emphasize the unity of our life, it would justify itself. Services broadcast have a distinct value, especially to those who are in- valided or aged, but they cannot have the value that accrues to those cor- porate acts of worship to which we con- tribute through personal interest and reverent devotion. Those of us who have been brought up in households where Sunday worship was the normal practice, however far in more receént years we may have departed from it, are conscious of the influence it has exercised ypon our lives. Again, those of ue who in early life were accustomed to family devotions and the reading of the Bible at the fireside still retain un- forgettable impressions of these experi- ences. The need for all this is much more evident today than heretofore. Life is hectic and hurried. Its action is nervous and intense, hence the need of brief interludes where we can the more deliberately and considerately contem- plate the part we must play in the scheme of things. A single quiet hour spent in the fellowship of our friends and neighbors in the quiet of some church, where self-interests give place to ate interests, will do more to stabilize and strengthen us than our many and nolsy discussions about secu- lar and economic questions. We can face life with more courage where we recafi\lu: the place that prayer and worship occupy in its economy. BY GEORGE VAN SLYKE, NEW YORK, January 23.—While waiting for New York's two leading Democrats to make known their po- litical plans and purposes, party leaders in all sections and factions anxiously focus attention on the Empire State, fully aware that the history of the 1932 presidential campalgm is now being made here. Gov. Pranklin D. Roosevelt will an- nounce his candidacy within a few days in a letter to North Dakota Democrats, entering formally the con- test in .which he already holds first place. His campaign then will be started with a national organization and in all States. New England is insisting that Alfred E. Smith consent to enter the primaries in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and his answer will determine whether he is to become openly & candidate for renomination. o Xk ‘The conviction grows daily that 8mith is bent on defeating Roosevelt for the nomination. How he will go about it is the question of the hour. The Democratic national contest is narrowing to a struggle between those two New Yorkers. The repeated attempts made since the recent meelmfi of the National Committee in Washington to coax or force Smith into showing his hand have fallea completely and he still re- mains the enigma of the party. The New York situation is more of a puzzle than ever. He is credited with being determined to hold open the nomina- tion until the convention meets, He does not propose to have Roosevelt foreclose on it in January. The Roose- velt forces are becoming more con- vinced daily that Smith may not be | strong enough to stop the New York Governor and they contend that if Smith cannot do it it cannot be done. %% o ‘The Western and Southern Demo- crats, who look to Gov. Roosevelt as their strongest candidate and best bet, apparently have accepted the propa- ganda that, regardless of what Al Smith does, their man is certain to have New York's delegation when the for counting the ballots. If that is known to the Roosevelt managers as something already de- termined, they have a monopoly on the information. York City, the Tammany allies in the up-State half of the party and close Moonlight on de sea, Blossoms in de field close by Sweet as dey kin be. Diamonds on de window pane When de Winter starts, Snow so white in place o’ rain An’ sunshine in our hearts, As you journeys thoo de year, Lookin’ round about, Dar is some injoyment near If you seeks it out. Trouble’s gait is stiff an’ slow; "Tain’ so hard, you'll find, ‘To keep singin’ as you go An’ leave him far behind. Rejected Acquaintances. “Which is your favorite Wagnerian opera?” asked the musiclan. “Lemme see,” sald Mr. Cumrox, ap- pealing to his wife. “There are several that I never heard yet, aren’t there?” “Yes.” “Well, I reckon it's one of them.” Misleading Indications, “What made you elect that man to the Legislature?” “Well,” replied the voter, “he showed us his calloused, toil-stained palms and convinced us that he was one of us plain people.” “But he proved a disappointment?” “Yes. We found out too late that he got his hands into that shape by trying to fix his own touring car.” Figures. ‘The beauteous heiress must command Some comment which will gently scoff : “She has a lovely figure and A dollar mark to set it off.” Gradual Condensation, “Diplomacy requires a lfetime of study.” “Yes, and after you have read whole libraries of books, the point at issue is liable to narrow down to half a dozen words of definition in the dictionary.” Sparing No Pains. “Would you come to dinner next Sun- day?" sald Mr, Crosslots. “Why this is the fourth time in two weeks you have invited me to dinper. It's exceedingly kind of you—-" “That's all right. We have to humor our cook in every way possibie, She says she likes to hear you recite and sing comic songs.” for the hire of another executive at the District Byilding, at s salary of $8,000 & year, befpre they go about it. Again, “Speakin’ of de Uplift,” said Unele Eben, “an elevator dat runnin’ reg’lar ‘thout mekin’ no does & The court might bave goue furthgr the Commissioners mpy hve in Wipd besp more service dan & ARVEOCKeR” e ey Ay Tammany allies in other Eastern States still are far from a decision as to their future course; are today as uncertain of what lies ahead for them as at any time in the last six months. * oK ok X ‘The Democratic situation in New York is complex, confused and subject to change without notice. Not in & generation has & national party’s poli~ tics centered so completely in one State. The leading candidate is the Governor of the State. The titular head of the party and acknowledged leader of the strong wet wing is the four-time Governor and last tial nominee. The national chairman, in the driver's seat on the party ma- chiie, is John J. Raskob, big business man of New York. Owen D. Young and John W. Davis, two possible can- didates, are New York men. The party’s biggest unit vote is New York's, end that is free and unpledged. As definitely as the State’s scrambled factions and forces can be outlined at present, the party is split into three camps. There is the straight Tammany ma- chine, which dominates and in the end will control, silent, watchful and threat- ening. John F. Curry, the boss, is stronger today than ever, in spite of the fact that his organization and the city administration have been under fire continually for a year. R A N ‘The Roosevelt unit, militant-and con- fident, 1s operating alone, quite willing and anxious for Tammany support, but not seeking it openly nor caring to have too much fuss made about il for fear of being linked too closely with the organization so0 cordially hated by States now in line for the Governor. This is the official faction, and it is operating through the State Committee and the new “Democratic Unjon” which Roosevel. men have started upstate. James A. Farley, State chairman, is the Roosevelt field manager, but not strong in Tammany. ‘Then there is the Al Smith faction, lacking organization and cohesion, but possessing real strength through ‘the popularity and vote-getting prowess of the brown-derbied hero of the masses. The New York populace is skeptical about Roosevelt's sincerity on the pro- hibition issue. It has no doubt about Smith's, * ok ok K Each of the three groups is an entity, quite detached and operating alone. Smith and his little coterie of devoted and enthusiastic backers, who believe he is entitled to another try for the presidency, have no point of contact with either Tammany or the Roosevelt group. His friends believe he will have the veto power if he cannot win for himself. Once the idol of Tammany, he is out of touch with Tammany and out of sympathy with the Walker ad- ministration. His support is derived from the man in the street, and that may not have much influence on dele- critical hour arriyes in the convention | Tammany bosses in New | residen-/ Smith and Roosevelt Hold Attention As Time Nears for Declarations but only as far as is essential. That relationship does not carry presidential commitments. ~Roosevelt has steered through several bad situations involving Tammany officials accused of wrong- doing by the Seabury Investigating Committee, and more trouble lies ahead. Until that is cleared away Tammany will hold aloof on the Roosevelt can- didacy. * ok Kk There never has been quite such a situation in the Empire State or one with more far-reaching influence on the welfare of the national party. Tam- many warhorses, whose dzflzht is know- ing the backstage secrets, anxiously seek information as to Smith's plans from newspaper men. Tammany leaders will bet that Roosevelt does not have the State’s delegation; others that Smith cannot get it. Eastern Democrats in a group of strong States, reflecting the: New York view, are slowly coming to the conclu- sion that Smith will earry through with his determination to block Roosevelt. As the Roosevelt boom grows, it is com- ing to be recognized generally that Smith must take the leadership if Roosevelt is to be stopped. Further, it is becoming evident that passive opposition may not be enough to block Roosevelt. There must be de- termined and well organized opposition, bringing about a fusion of the favorite- son States with the Eastern Smith group, comprising the wet wing. The difficult question for Smith to decide is whether he must become actively a candidate, without the expectation of getting the | nomination, but for the purpose of hold- ing the Eastern States in line. The mo- ment he does that he runs the risk of | arousing the old religious animosities which nearly wrecked the party in 1928, (Copyright, 1932.) R | Automotive Industry Steps Out for Revival BY HARDEN COLFAX. The automotive indusjry has “stepped out” as a real leader of commerce and industry in the effort to revive trade, according to opinions expressed today | among official authorities and trade ob- servers stationed here. Seldom, if ever before, has one unit | of industry demonstrated such unmis- | takable determination to accomplish its purpose, say these observers, who are thoroughly optimistic that other lines are going to be encouraged to do some- thing about new business for them- selves. And it is hardly necessary to add that such a turn of events would do more to drag business out of the doldrums than any other influence that has been tried in the two years of low business activity. Conclusions Teached by the experts are based upon an analysis of the au- tomoblle program as disclosed through the industry’s advertising and its sales plans as outlined in the many automo- bile shows in various sections of the | country. The manufacturers appear to | have become convinced the business is | available if they go and get it. In other words, the program is designed to fit & buyers’ market rather than a sellers’ market, * K ok & While the actual moves made by the automotive interests are concrete evi- dence of the determination to awaken trade, the observers here point to some- thing less tangible, but nevertheless bearing tidings of equal import to the country—namely, the psychological in- fluence of the activity. ~Business men, the records show, do not step out with expensive programs of building 'and of advertising unless they see better than an even chance of a return for such outgo. There was an actual increase in the amount of national advertising done in the last few weeks by the automotive interests over that done a year ago in | preparation for the shows. There are concrete figures. Some of the nationally known publications have increased thelr lineage in this respect by as much as 25 per cent oyer a year ago, others have registered a gain of 12 to 15 per cent and still others held their own or have shown small gains. Thus, it is shown that the advertising increase was not in just one or two directions. The authorities say that the auto- mobile industry had reached the stage where it could expect an immense re- placement business. It recognized that thousands upon thousands of cars are upon their last legs and if their own- ers desire transportation they must ac- quire new machines. * Kk ok K There is no disposition among_the cbservers to “kid” themselves. They know that the buying power of the country as & whole has declined in & measure that is not pleasant to con- template, but these same persons take the position that there is an untouched fleld of sales that is simply awaiting some one with enough courage to star cultivation. They commend the auto- motive interests freely for the example they are setting, because they believe that the qualities of leadership thus dis- played are of inestimable value to the country as a whole. Department of Commerce officials are immensely interested in the demon- stration, as is the Chamber of Com- merce of the United States, where the gates in a national convention. His occasional meetings with Gov. Roosevelt are brief and formal; there is no po- litical affiliation between them. ‘The Governor is doing business with Tammeany snd the city adminisiratigh, frank view is that the automotive in- dustry has taken the bit in its teeth to make a real test. The chamber’s ob- servers are conyinced that the test has & 2-to-1 chance of success, for that . pome MO Capital Sidelights ‘! WILL P. KENNEDY. The House paused in its proceedings the other day for & brief lecture on the proper way for a member to address the House. This is considered a matter of great importance, so much so that it has been repeatedly emphasized by speakers and parliamentary authorities, and the present Speaker, John Garner of Uvalde, Tex., at the conclu- sion of the lesson again emphasized its importance, Representative Robert Luce of Massa- chusetts, internationally recognized as one of the leading authorities in the world on parliamentary procedure and author of standard works on legislative procedure, legislative assemblies, legis- lative principles aAd Congress, brought the question to the attention of the House and gave the lecture at the re- quest of the Speaker. “There is presented to me this morn- ing,” he saki, “an opportunity to call to the attention of the House a matter that has disturbed me for some time. This is my first convenient chance to lay it before the House.” He called at- tention that in the Congressional Rec- ord, reporting the discussions of the day before, he himself was quoted as addressing the House: ‘Mr. Speaker, ladies and gentlemen.” “Not since I have been a member have I thus broken parliamentary law,” sald Mr. Luce. “Of course, I desire not to go on record as supporting & practice which is obnoxlous to me. “When I came here 12 years ago nobody, so far as I can recollect, ever deviated from the parliamentary rule that salutation should be confined to the occupant of the chair—either ‘Mr. Speaker’ or ‘Mr. Chairman.’ Within a very few years the practice has grown up of addressing the House en masse by some form of preliminary language. This is contrary to the par- llamentary precedent of several hun- dred years,” He then read to his colleagues a statement by Sir Thomas Bmith, who described the practice of the Parlia- mfi\t of Queen Elizabeth's time. He said: “Though one do praise the law, the other dissuage it.- For every man speaketh as to the speaker, not as one to another, for that is against the order of the House.” Continuing, Mr, Luce called atten- tion that “Jefferson’s Manual, which is the law of the House when it has no rule to the contrary, says that ‘When any member means to speak * * * he is * * * to address himself not to the House, nor to any particular member, but to the Bpeaker,’ and so forth. No- tice.that he is to address himself not to the House, but to the Speaker of the House, “I called this matter to the atten- tion of Bpeaker Longworth and he was even more severe than I would be in critizing the practice and in expressing the hope that some means might be found to call it to the attention of the House. Possibly the present Speaker has the same feeling in the matter, although I am not authorized to read your mind in that case, but I am quite sure that the reason for the rule has always g:rllau‘d and will continue to persist, because it is, as the writers say, to avoid altercations. Its purpose is to prevent men from directly addressing each other and thus inviting a breach of decorum. “For that reason, and hoping I have not unduly taken the time of the House in ocalling attention to this master, I ask unanimous consent that the words ‘ladies and gentlemen’ be stricken from the report of my speech.” This little lecture, which gave most of the members a new view of the reason for meticulous care in following the long-established precedents and rules of procedure, was greeted with applause. Speaker Garner expressed his official appreciation saying: “The chair is in entire sympathy with the remarks made by the gentleman from Massachusetts. It is supposed to be & slight upon the chair, according to the expressions of | former Speakers of the House, when members address the chair from the Committee of the Whole, or the Speaker, and then address the members on the floor en masse. The Speaker ropresents the House of Representatives in its organization, and by addressiog the chair, members address the entire membership of the House.” * K K * Congress was warned the other day to develop “mental poise.” It was a first-term member, Representative Ed- ward L. Stokes of Philadelpbia, who chided his colleagues. Mr. Stokes told a little story as follows: “When Knute Rockne’s foot ball team was beaten by a narrow margin, the match, said: ‘The two teams were practically equal physically, but the other team had the better mental poise.’ “Well, when the team got home the old janitor ran forth and asked: ‘Who won?’ ‘The other fellows’ was the reply. ‘Too bad,’ said the old man, ‘but who lost the game for you? ‘Mental poise’ said a player. ‘Oh!" said the Jjanitor, ‘I knew that boy never could play foot ball.'” Mr. Stokes appealed to his colleagues not to make the mistake the janitor did, but to have & clear understanding of the meaning of the bill they were working on. * ¥ % x Uncle Sam runs the biggest printing establishment in the world—the two biggest, as a matter of fact—the Gov- ernment Printing Office and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. At the close of the calendar year the Govern- ment Printing Office 'had 5,043 on its pay roll, an increase of 216 for that gear. 635 more than two years ago, and 52 more than four years ago. The present enrollment is 264 less than the | greatest number ever employed there, which was during the World War, One little job done in this big print shop, when completed will reach a total cost_of printing the Fifteenth Census reports up to nearly a million and s quarter dollars, in addition to more than half a million dollars spent for con- tract printing of tabulating cards. To date approximately 17,000 pages of census schedules have been printed at & cost of $400,000. The Bureau of the Census plans to submit the last of its copy for printing the fifteenth cen- sus reports by July 1. This additional copy will make about 25,000 more pages, 95 per cent of which will be in tabular form. The Department of Commerce main- tained its lead in printing expenditures last year, with a payment to the Gov- ernment Printing Office for the fiscal year 1931 of $2,894,677.43, an increase of $322,080.27 over the previous year. Another customer high up in the million dollar class for printing expen- ditures is the Post Office Department, which pald the Government Printing Office $1,895,680.02 for work done dur- ing the fiscal year 1931. On account of the 1-cent rate for private mailing cards, the demand for Government postal cards fell off 14 per cent last year, to a total of 1,485,384, 120, but that was 17 per cent greater than 10 years ago, The greatest num- ber ever printed in any one year was in 1927, when the output reached a total of 1,950,508,300 cards. First rank as a publisher is an easy honor for the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, whose publications are about treble the number issued by any other department or establishment of the Government. It also got into the million-dollar printing class by pay= ing & bill of $1,080,021 to the Govern- ment Printing Office last year. It had printed last year 29,866,506 copies of agriculture publications, including 12,- 246,218 Farmers' Bulletins, four-fifths of which are allotted by law to mem- bers of Congress for free public disig bution. The coples of agriculture puo- lications printed last year fell off 19 r cent, nearly half the decrease be- ng in Farmers’ Bulletins. that one of the great needs of.the country was “nerve enough to fight off the fear that has permeated commerce and industry for two years.' CONQUERING DISTANCGE BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The triumph of air transportation has nowhere been more fully exempli- fied than in the air lines operating be- tween Europe and the Orient and those operated locally in the Eastern nations. As yet no air communications exist be- tween the North American continent and the East, but Col. Charles Lind- bergh brought back data from his ex- ploration of the air lanes over the Pa- cific which mny_gomt the way to a permanent establishment. At present the lines operating on regular schedules between European | sirports and the Far East cover 24,- 492 miles. The lines operating locally in the Orient add another 24931 miles, a total mileage only a flight short of 50,000 miles, or twice the distance around the earth at the equator. Early in the Christian era Oriental traders and adventurers sailed their junks to Persian and Red Sea ports and then proceed overland to Eu- rope. But the voyage required at least | & year each way and very many never | returned. Later Marco Polo, the Ve- netian, made the journey oyerland, but| it took him nearly a lifetime to go and | return. Trade with the East was| opened by Tamerlane, whose boast it was that such excellent order was maintained that a rich man might travel alone, unarmed and unmolested, over the great trade route. These journeys were always measured in months or in years. While possibly ey enlivened trade, most of the time ourneys were not possible, owing to disorders—piracy at sea and bandliry on land. ‘The era of the sailing ships dawned, but the journey still was & long one. Many weeks were counted out from England, around the Cape of Good Hope, across the Indian Ocean and up | the China Sea. The fleet clippers which | salled out of New York and Boston beat all other sailing records and cap- tured much trade, but still, when a ves- sel set sall, about half a year was ex- pect‘:d to elapse before it was raised ain. Even with the advent of steamshij and the digging of the Suez Canal the East remained remote. Long Time Element. Yet with all the riches the East had to offer and all the adventurousness which Europe and America possessed to ex- ploit those riches, it was inevitable that a tremendous trade should rise. It did so and has flourished ever since, but always there was that long time ele- ment involved—the long distance to be traversed. Cathay has always been a symbol for remoteness. To an amazing extent the establish- ment of these 50,000 miles of airlines has_altered this. The varied interests of Europe and the Orient are served with precision and rapidity, which mul- tiplies the annual turnover. Chief at- tention is given to the mail. Rapid com- munication permits the giving of de- tailed orders and instructions. Actual shipments of bulk goods may be started | | The route then was extended on their ocean journeys weeks earlier than they otherwise could. But in ad- dition to the mail, light freight and ex- ress matter can be carried, and most les now have introduced passenger service. The longest air line in the world reccntlg has been added to the links with the East. It extends from Am- dam, commercial capital of the Netherlands, a distance of 8,733 miles to Bandoeng, in the Netherlands East Indies. With a number of stops made in both Europe and Asia, the trip is made on a schedule of 10 days, but often this time is cut to seven days. ‘The passenger fare, one way, is $884, and this includes all expenses of the trip. The freight rate is $3.50 a pound and the mail rate is 12 cents letter postage, with slightly increasing rates as weight increases. Th® British were the first Europeans with extensive Eastern interests to seize upon air transport as a means of bringing their distant satrapies closer. They worked by deliberate de- grees, first establishing a line to_their nearest Oriental connection, Egypt. all the way to Delhi, the entire distance from London to the Indian capital being 5,544 miles. It now is regularly cov- ered in seven days. The passeng fare is $476 and the mail rate 12 cents. Countries Reach Possessions. ‘The French now have reached their easternmost possession, operating a rly scheduled service from Mar- seille to Saigon, in French Indo-China, & distance of 7,636 miles. The sea route at the fastest sailing requires 25 days when all the best connections are made. The air trip is made in 10 days. ‘The fare is $498. Malil rates are on & sliding surcharge basis. The German lines have established Oriental _connections by agreements with the Russians. The Germans fly to Moscow, where they can transfer pas- sengers to Russian planes for the tre- mendous flight across the wastes of Asia to places which, on the surface, might not be reached in months, if at all. Three gervices to the East are operated by the Soviet lines, The longest is to Irkutsk and Yakutsk, in Siberia. It is planned to project this line all the way to Vladivostok. The Soviets maintain branch lines operat- ing 27 rfiguhx services and covering 16,000 miles. China has taken to the airplane for carrying on trade and communication between the treaty ports and the in- terlor cities, normally so nearly inac- cessible. Lack of railroads and high- ways in China make this service espe- clally valuable. Japan has a network of air lines not only connecting the islands of her empire, but reaching the Asiatic mainland. Mall, passengers and goods are carried, in large part, on daily schedules. Between Tokio and Osaka there is & twice-dally service. Even Persia now has some 2,000 miles of air }mu operating commercially and regu- arly. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Charles J. Guiteau, on trial for the murder of President Garfield, was not Guiteau Talks to fore heue Do addressing the Court and Jury. court in the final stage of the case, In advance of its delivery in court he gave out for publication an extensive address, which was generally printed throughout the country on the morning of January 16, 1882, The Star of the next day, in its account of the trial, says: “There was no diminution in the at- tendance at the trial this morning, de- spite the very disagreeable weather. Mr. Scoville was on hand early, ready to resume his talk to the jury, When the court opened Guiteau anpeared in the dock with a manuscript in his hand. There was some delay, due to the non-arrival of the prosecuting of- ficers. When the district attorney came in he was accompanied by Mr. Lawrence Barrett, the tragedian. Mr. Scoville was about to begin talking when Guiteau said, holding up his manuseript: ‘Hadn't T better deliver this, Mr. Scoville?” Mr. Scoville, turn- Rockne, in commenting on the result of | ti ing to the court, said that the prisoner had a statement to make which he did not think was objectionable. The court having consented to his making & speech, Guiteau delivered the following, with an attempt at pompous declama- on: “‘If your honor please, I desire to say & word about delivering my speech. I intend no disrespect to this honorable court. I desire no controversy with this honorable court. In general I am satisfied with the law as proposed by your honor, but I have suggested & still broader view, which I ask your honor to follow, to-wit: That if the jury be- lieve that I belleved it was right for me to remove the President because I had special divine authority so to do and was forced to do it by the Deity, they will acquit on the ground of transitory mania. 8ickles, McFarland B ground of trans! m: . In my speech, published in all the leading American papers yesterday, and which I presume your honor has read, I gave my reasons for asking your honur so to charge. Mr. Reed made a brilliant and lawyer-like plea for the defense and Mr. Scoville is making a siyong argument for his theory. But nejther Mr. Scoville nor Mr. Reed represent me in this defense. I am here as my own counsel and, as stated at the open- ing of the case, No one can represent me to that jury. I know my feelings and my inspiration in ramwinge the President and I have set it forth to my satisfaction in my speech published yesterday. And I ask your honor in the name of justice, in the nama of the American judiciary and in the name of the American people to allow me to address the jury of my countrymen where my life may be at stake. If a man on that jury has a doubt as to his duty in acquitting me my speech will probably settle him in my favor, and therefore in the interest of justice it is of the greatest importance that they hear me in my defense. Your honor can decide the matter if you have any doubt as to your duty.’" Guiteau read his speech before the jury on the Saturday following, by permission of the court. * % Counsel Scoville created a sensation in the court on Wednesday, January 18, . b . Persecution Charged by Q,ng.nuu‘:n 5 ’ Conkling, Guiteau’s Counsel. Ciantand Arthur. The Star's report of that date says: “Back of all this prosecution there was something*which I have had to contend with and which you will feel the pressure of before you end with this case. I say without fear that men behind this prosecution are rsons who seek to hide their own famy by casting the blame upon this insane man. I say that such men as Conkling and Grant and Arthur— those who made war on the dead President, who fomented the strife and instigated that state of things and manufactured such & public feeling that it preyed upon this man’s weak mind until reason left its throne—are behind this prosecution. I perhaps would not have sald this; I did not intend to when I opened this trial, I expected a fair and impartial trial. I supposed at the time I would have the benefit I asked for, which every man charged with crime is entitled to; I supposed we should hayve that bare pit- tance, to wit, simply a fair and impar- tial trial of this case. Since I have found the evidence has been suppressed and every advantage taken that could be taken of this poor man I have come to the conclusion that I will not spfire those men and permit them to e a 5CApegoat * this man, so that they may still revered and honored, in public estimation.” Lausanne Failure Causes Pessimism in London BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, January 23.—Postpone- ment of the Lausanne Reparations Con= ference has caused & wave of the deep~ est pessimismt to sweep over this couns try. It is taken to indicate that Eu- rope is hopelessly out of hand and drifting without leadership to economic collapse, ‘The immediate cause of the postpone- ment was the failure of the negotiations between France and Britain to reach any approximation in regard to policy, with Britain wanting a drastic final settlement of the question of repara- tions as vital to save Germany from collapse and France standing inflexibly for her sacred rights and unprepared to make any concessions in regard to reparations unaccompanied by an equivalent scaling down of her war debts, which, in view of the American attitude, was out of the question. Any modification of the French position as a result of the coming elections seemed ruled out by an article by Edouard Her- riot in the London Daily Telegraph, which insists on the ‘“sacred rights” formula as stiffly as Premier Lav * kK As the payments under lapse during the moratorium do not become due until December, it is assumed the sit- uation can be held in suspense until Jate Summer, but this calculation ig- nores the menacing internal situation of Germany, where the breakdown of the conference has had the worst pos- sible repercussions. Anxiety is felt here in ard to both the political and eco- nomic consequences, Chancellor Bruening’s position now is in the vest peril. His chance of holding Adolf Hitler at bay depended on a favorable atmosphere at Lausanne. ‘This hope gone, he may be driven to declare Germany in default, in accord- ance with the findings of the Basel Committee of Experts. This would pre- cipitate an economic crash, which Britain is most anxious to avoid. The government is being urged by the re- sponsible press to dissociate itself from the French and make the best agreed terms possible with the Germans, on the principle that it would be better for England to cancel the debt herself than to let Germany repudiate her debt to England. It is argued that this course is best cglculated to make France hesitate to force Germany to naked repudiation. ok ok K Moreover, it is anticipated that the Lausanne flasco will have unfortunate effects at the disarmament conference. It has fortified the feeling in Germany regarding the moral undertaking of the Versailles treaty that the disarma- ment of Germany was preliminary to eneral disarmament, and the Geneva onference may be faced with the claim ‘that, as the undertaking is not being fulfilled, Germany has the right to arm with the rest. This challenge might lead to an appeal to The Hague Oourt, with consequences involving the existence of the League of Nations and the gravest a, vation of the Franco- German situation. All this assumes that Bruening re- tains his power, but this is uncertain, especially in view of Lausanne, which has further strengthened the “Nazi” challenge. The closest students of Germany observe a fatalistic drift toward acceptance of Hitlerism as in- evitable, with the specter of Com- munism in the background. * ok kX It is not only these European con- siderations which enforce appeals to the British government not to let the situation drift and to arrange the earliest possible revival of the Lau- sanne Conference. Equally urgent is € | the necessity of defining its position in regard to reparations and its atti- tude toward America. The London ‘Times strongly reprehends loose talk about presenting a common European front to America and gives prominence and approval to an American writer's article maintain that European statés must help themselves before there can be help from America. However, all sections of opinion agree that the settlement of reparations gov- erns the problem of war debts, and they on the urgency of a solu- tion of that preliminary question, if possible, by an agreement with France and, if not, by direct agreement with Germany. “After all” says the Manchester Guardian, “our next and more painful discussions will be with America. We shall have an unpleasant task explain- ing to them that we are not able to pay what we have agreed to pay. It would at least be more pleasant to attribute our inability to pay to our generosity in having remitted the Ger- man debt rather than to our in having forced Germany to repudiate i.” * (Copyright, 1982.).