Evening Star Newspaper, December 28, 1931, Page 2

A2 =» RADID FORUM GOES TONB.CJANUARY 18 National Leaders Will Be Heard Every Monday Nignt at 10 0'Clock. high Government e National | Cabinet members, sentatives and other officials wiil be heard in Radio Forum arranged b: ington Star, whic 1 in the future ove casting Co. network on Monday nights | from 10 to 10:30 o'clock, beginning January 18. An elaborate program to ate the series will be broadcast of which will be announced | Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary Treasury, will one of st ers in the ond program, day, January 2 Oliver Owen Kuh: of The Washingt the feature, monies for es in the past. The brozdeast from the W of the National Broe ng Co. and will be heard locelly over Station WRC | Avlesworth Praises Station. | M. H. Aylesworth, president of the National Broadcasting Co., in a state- ment today said “The National be broadcas managi Radio ineu- | Wa:hing e rum Ster g 10 plays an i portant in bringing | the Covernment | closer to the people ““The National Broadcasting Co. feels | that the forum will be welcome in| every home in the country. It will be educational and enlightenin As & non-partisan institution dealing with the great problems which are dally confronting the Government in Wash- ington, the forum will render s great public’ service.” Noyes Shows Benefits. Theodore W. Noyes, editor of The Btar, said “Not only good government, but better government, occuples the minds of the people of this country. Any medium diseeminating knowledge of every-day problems confronted by our National Government must, of neces- be of widespread interest ‘We feel that the National Radio Forum, presenting as it does, distin- guished leaders in various schools of political and economic thought, has been, and will continue to be, an im- portant factor in making our people more conscious of the underlying fac- tors in good government. We are ex- tremely happy to contribute our efforts in the achievement of these desired ends.” Mr. Kuhn, who will arrange each program, has elaborate plans for the Forum during the year 1632, Service Informative. “At no time in the recent history of our Government has there been such intense interest in public affairs” Mr. Kuhn says. “The Forum will keep the people of America abreast of the latest developments. “The Forum purposely does not ar- range its programs & long time in ad- vance, Conditions change from week to week. Issues which are of paramount importance today may be shelved into the background by more important issues in the next five days. The Forum endeavors to keep its programs as up to date as possible; to arrange for discus- #lons of public questions of immediate interest and importance. “I am Jooking forward with a great deal of pleasure to the inauguration of the National Radio Forum over the net- work of the National Broadcasting Co.” Makes Innovation. Mr. Kuhn is introducting an innova- tion in the National Radio Forum. “Prom time to time we plan to inter- view leading public officials over the eir,” he said. “In this way the speakers will have direct questions put to them, questions which will serve to clarify issues which may otherwise be some- what complicated.” No subject, no matter what its nature, as long as it pertains to pending gov- ernmental problems, will be barred by the Forum. The subjects to be A- cussed, will be largely confined, how- ever, to questions occupying public at- tention at the moment. FRENCH AND BRITISH LEADERS MAY SEEK TALK WITH HOOVER (Continued From Pirst Page.) Advisory Committee at Basel an opinion arose that an understanding between the two governments and between the central banks of both countries was perhaps even more important than col- laboration between France and Ger- many The usually well informed newspaper Excelsior said today it is not impossible that the British and French govern- ments may approach Washington joint- ly on the subject of revision of war debts and reparations The newspaper's observation followed the report that Prime Minister Mac- Donald had invited Premis talk over their r sior said that in view of thr findings of the Young Plan Advisory Committee at Basel last week, the American Gov. ernment, “while taking fully into ac- count the opposition of Congress, will | have to envisage, with European gov- | ernments, solutions tending to relieve | Europe's burdens.” Pertinax, the well writer of the Echo de invitation to Premier Laval from Prime Minister MacDonald came in a private | Jetter. He said M. Laval no doubt would accept, but it remains to be de- | cided on which side of the Channel the statesmen would meet Bir Frederick Leith-Ross, said, was assigned to prepare the formula | for this conference, eliminating any conditions over which British or French public opinion might become aroused Two Plans Evolved. Reviewing the events leading up to the situation, Pertinax said British and French plans were recently evolved, | both far apart, but both based on United States cancellation of the debts, but the vote in Congress radically altered the positions taken One point in common remained, how- | ever, he sald. That was the urgent necessity to find an arrangement wh by, while relieving Germany of pa ments to them, her creditors would | not be obliged to pay, out of their own | pockets, sums due the United States, America’s debtors, it had been ob- gerved, he said, could easily solve the difficuity by invoking the delay clauses in the contracts, but examination re- vealed that this' would be inadequate, Great Britain notably, being left liable for £28,000,000 and France about $15,000,000. ROBBERS GET $739 Gunmen Bind Watchman, Take Cash From Bafe and Flee. NORFOLK, Va., December 28 (#).— Four unidentified gunmen escaped with $739 early today after binding the watchman and breaking into a heavy safe at the plant of the Colonial Oil Co. J. C. Doler, the watchman, said four Negroes drove up to the plant about 4 am, overpowered and bound him and then used an acetylene toreh to bresk into tjp safe. £ Fy known political Paris, said the h he | document | to Lauds Forum Tl H. AYLESWORTH Of the Natiorcl Broadcasting Co., the facilities of which will hereafter be used in carrying the Forum programs to the country at large. PLAN FOR PARLEY [i"t;wnf_\ MHIAN France and Britain May Be Forced to Avail Selves of Postponement Clause. BY CONSTANTINE BROW The news that Premier Ramsay Mac- Doneld of Great Britain and Pierre Laval, premier of France, have decided to meet at an early date to discuss a common action in regard to payments Great Britain apd France will have to make to the Uflited States after June 30, 1932, created & good deal of specu- lation in Washington today It is obvious that if the former allies agree to allow Germany to postpone payments of Teparations, they will be compelled to avail themselves of the clause inserted in the debt agreements they have made with the United States whereby each nation, at its option, can postpone payments of sums due to the United States. Great Britain and Italy can exercise that privilege for a period of two years, while France can post- pone her payments for three years. It would seem consequently an easy way out of this present critical situa- tion if all these countries decided to postpone payments and allow in turn Germany to do the same thing. Must Pay Interest. On closer examination of the debt agreements the situation is not as simple as it appears at first sight While the debtor nations are allowed to postpone payment of the principal they owe the United States, they are compelled to pay interest on the amounts due Great Britain is in a more unfavor- able position than any of the other European countries. She will have o pay on the 15th of December, 1932, & total of $183,900,000 to the United Btates. Of this total amount only $30,- 000,00 represents the principal, which is postponable, while the balance of $150,000,000 represents interest, which is not postponable. The British budget shows this year a deficit of about $400,- 000,000. If she is compelled to pay the above- mentioned interest in gold, with a de- preciated currency, she will be com- pelled to purchase for 300 days half a million dollars a day. It is easy to fore- cast what will happen to the pound sterling if the British treasury is com- peled to purchase such a sum in the open market. The position of France is better. She is entitled by the debt- funding agreement with the United States, “upon 90 days’ notice to poflt-l pone payment on any principal due for a peripd of three years.” Owes $38,522,850 Interest. The principal due by France to the United States in the fiscal year 1933 amounts to $21477,132. The payment of this amount can be postponed by notifying the Treasury 90 days before payment is due But she will be compelled to pay in any case the sum of $38,522,850, which Tepresents the interest on the total amount of about $4,000,000,000 she owes this country. Half of this sum is due on December 15, 1032, the other half on June 30, 1933. Whether France will be willing to forego the reparations she is entitled to get from Germany under the Young plan, and pay the interest on the money she owes the United States is an open question Those in close touch with develop- ments in France think that the Laval cabinet could not survive 24 hours if it made any agreement whereby France shouid recelve nothing from Germany and continu» to pay us close t - 000,000 & year. . o o Under the circumstances it is na- tural that the British and the French premiers should get together to find some kind of a solution to the entire debts and reparations question, which in their own minds is closely inter. woven, France fecls probably stronger on| this matter than Great Britain because the French Parliament ratified the debt funding agreement with the special eservation that “should at any time Germany not pay the reparations, the French government will be at liberty not to pay anything to the United States or to any of the other creditor countries.” amendment of the French chamber has no binding force e American Government is cerncd because it has never been incorporated in the actual funding but it has a good deal of in the eyes of the French Parliament, w h can always say that the debt agreement with the United States has been ratificd by Prance's legislative body with that special pro- viso that if the Germans default France is not bound to pay to her creditors either, importance Two Ways Open. What agreement can be reached - tween Laval and MacDonald is difficult forecast. As things stand today there seem to be only two possible ways out—either both agree to default &ll payments, that means the principal and the interest on the principal, and see America is going to do about it, or they agree to present before the American Congress their respective bal- ance sheets and in this manner set the whole machinery in motion for a re- examination by the American Congress of Europe’s capacity to pay. This solu- | may | that the leading na ! United Stats D HERE! tion has been indicated by President Hoover when he asked Congress for the re-establishment of the Foreigh Debt Commission, but it was almost unani- mously turned down by the Senate and the House of Representatives. It is be- ileved, however, in foreign circles in Washington that if the request came direct from the debtor nations the American Congress might conceivably look upon the wholé situation from an entirely different angle. It is sald that Great Britain would not be opposed to this latter solution, but it appears that France is most re- luctant to take such a step. It is against the dignity of a great and powerful n tion, the French say, to submit its bal ance sheets to a creditor nation. It means that that nation considers -iteel! EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THE NIN JAPAN MAY DRAW PROTEST OF U. 3. Note Interpreted as Confirm-' ing Plans for Continued Manchurian Conguest. B the Associated Press Any further military moves Japan make toward Chinchow are ex- pected to produce diplomatic reper- cussions in the form of protests from the United States. This was the unofficial reaction here to Japan’s notification that she will continue her operations toward the last Chinese_stronghold in Menchuria. The Japanese note was interpreted here as confirmation that the Tokio government plans to continue her con- quest of Manchuria To whatever extent movement continues, it for the military seems certain . including the ce into the dip- will pl apprehension that lomatic record tnci Japan is violating treaty obligations. The Japanese reply to notes from America, Great Britain and France was received without public or private comment by officials, but the course of this nation since the sound of gunfire; in Manchuria found its echo on the front pages has left little doubt they will be forthcoming if developments warrant, Japanese stop at the r march on into China ly will be a day 1 r materials virtually under Japanese control This has been done in the past afte ibles over territory. The prot: presentations from the interested powers will appear then as the exceptions of an attorney might on the record of a case appealed to a higher court. There has been no suggestion of any forcible interference with the Japanese program from an outside source. The nations of the world have so many pressing problems at home that even an economic boycott does not seem to have been seriously considered. SOCIAL SCIENTISTS OF 12 GROUPS MEET IN ANNUAL SESSION __ (Continued P Bino-Japanese cities by the Institute of Juvenile Re- search reported before the American Sociological Society. The study was based on court ceses reported from Chi cago, Philadelphia, Richmond, Bir mingham, Cleveland, Denver and Seattle. City's Population Analyzed. In each case the highest delinguenc rates were found in those areas immi diately adjacent to the central business district and the major industrial de- velopments, while the lowest rates were found in the outlying residential arcas. An analysis of the population of Cleveland was presented by Howard W. Green of the Cleveland Health Council, showing the tendency of various race groups to constitute individual com- munities within the larger city. Each unit of this kind, it was pointed out, presents its own individual problem to the social workers The population pattern in relation to retail buying, the location of depart- ment stores and of neighborhood stores, was discussed by Inez K. Rolph of the United States Department of Com- merce on the basis of the census of retail distribution. Sociologists Split. This afternoon the sociologists broke up into eight group meetings. The role of religious institutions in the com- munity was discussed before the section on the sociology of religion by Prof. william F. Ogburn of the University of Chicago and Arthur L. Swift of the Union Theological Seminary. “Religion,” Prof. Swift said, “plays the dual role of trying to bring about a more equita- ble social order and at the same time to preserve the status quo in economic life. The construction of a scale by which to measure the progress of Protestant churches was described before the sec- tion on social statistics by Ross W. Banderson of the Institute of Social and Religious Research. A study of the actual behavior of persons under various employment conditions was re- ported by Alice M. Loomis of the In- stitute of Human Relations of Yale University. The Yale observers are recording the amount of time the work- er labors silently, the time spent in talk- ing to others, the time spent in talking, singing or whistling to himself. Round Table Groups Meet. Relations between cultural anthropol- ogy and psychiatry were distussed by Dr. Edward Sapir of Yale Universi He said the cause of mental break: downs never can be completely under- stood without an understanding of the clash of the ideals of the individual with his environment. The American Economic Association met in three round-table groups. One on “private enterprize in economic his- tory” was addressed by Dr. N. S. B. Gras of Harvard University, William Jeffee of Northwestern University, I F. Lippincott of Washington University, Carter Goodrich of Columbia Univer- and Thomas P. Martin of the Li- of Congress. Irving Fisher of Yale was chairman of another round table on quantitative economics with discussions by Mordecai Ezekiel of the Federal Farm Board and J. H. Rogers of Yale University. The American Statistical Association met in five sections dealmg with the depression and the gold standard, crim- inal statistics, public health, future population and business planning and social statistics, Political Scientists Meet, The morning session of the Political Science Association, held at the Brook- ings Institution and the Mayflower Hotel, included six divisional meetings A scction devoted to discussion of economic planning as a State activity heard Prof. George lumbia University outline the structural aspects of the Boviet effort to bring economic forces under rational control The extraordinary complexity of the economic structure as exemplified by the five-year plan was stressed by Prof. Counts, who pointed out it does not function under the guidance of a dozen swivel-chaired economic conjurers, as some Americans imagine, but is organ- ized to reach every subdivision of the | Soviet governmental organization. Outlines Soviet Organization. The central unit is the All-Union Planning_Commission, with offices in Moscow. Prof. Counts said. In each of the seven constituent Russian republics there are separate planning commis- sions. Individual commissions exist also in each of the 30 so-called autonomous areas, and the division is cerried down to committees functioning in the oblasts into which each area is divided, and even to the small politico-economic units. In addition to this immense and com- | plex system, there exists a vertical or- ganization, providing special commis- sions for every important department of government, industry or culture, the speaker said. bankrupt which is not the case with France. If the American legls \tiv branch does not want to scale down payments to the extent France is willing to scale down reparations, France has anmple means to force her creditor, Ger- many, to pay what she owes to the S. Counts of Co-| APANESE ADVANGE N NEW OFFENSIVE Troops March Across Snow Covered Fields in Effort to Capture Kowpzngtze. ___ (Continued From First Page.) Tawa. Panshanhsien and Hehiawopu. CHINESE ROUT REPORTED. Near Changchiatun. TOKIO, December 28 (/) —Chinese irregular forces near Changchiatun, day after heavy fighting in an encounter with Gen. Amani’s Japanese brigade, which was aided in the attack by & squadron of light bombing planes. The Japanese brigade, dispatches to the Rengo News Agency sald, advanced in three columns, driving everything be- fore it. The Japanese encountered another group of irregulars at noon near San- chiatzu and Matao, the dispatches said, and the Chinese were driven back, leav- ing many dead behind as they with- drew. The gunfire could be heard at Tien- chuangtai, 5 miles away, the reporis said. The temperature was 20 below zero lenchuangtal is a few miles west of Yingkow, on the Yingkow branch of the Peiping-Mukden Railway. Denies Manchuria Aims, “Japan wouldn't accept Manchuria, even as a gift,” Premier Tsuyoshi Inu- kai said today in an interview that fol- lowed complaints of American business interests that Japan is putting foreign- ers at a disadvantage in the territory.” United States Ambassador W. Cam- eron Forbes on December 24 presented complaints of American interests, and also is understood to have expressed Washington’s concery regarding the open-door policy. Japan doesn't want the territory, the premier said, because of the enormous expenditure that would be necessary to defend its extensive frontiers. “Our only interest in Manchuria,” he said, “is to | protect the empire’s treaty rights.” Regarding the future of the open door, he said “As the Manchurian population in- creases, the enforcement of such prin- ciples becomes all the more necessary.” | Japan, he added, welcomes foreign in- vestments for the purpose of developing he country and has no intention of making Manchuria an economic or political protectorate. Equal Chance for All The premier informed Ambassador Forbes Japan favors equal opportunity | for all and hopes even greater opportu- nities will be presented for foreign busi- ness investments as soon as the present situation is cleared up. Her plan, he said, is to indemnify the open door rather than abridge it At _the same time it was announced the Japanese consul general at Mukden hcs pledged that Japan assumes full responsibility for certain American and other foreign debts incurred during the regime of Marshal Chang Hsueh-Liang and that, while the empire is not in a position to meet Marshal Chang's debts immediatelv, she wili advise the provincial governments as soon as they are established that Japan stands ready to identify all just debts of for- eigners, Another mixed brigade was ordered to Manchuria yesterday by the govern- ment. A note, answering recent com- munications from the United States, Great Britain «and France, said the Japanese Army was forced by increased Chinese activity to begin a general movement on a more extensive scale than hitherto. Tawa Station Captured. The Rengo news agency reports, in & aispatch from Yingkow, that Japanese troops today occupied Tawa station on a branch of the Peiping-Mukden Rail- way, midway between Kowpangize and Yingkow, after sharp fighting with the | Chinese Two Japanese planes attacked a Chinese armored train previous to cap- | ture of the town and the crew of the latter responded with machine guns. The planes put the train out of com- mission and the crew was made prisoner by Japanese infantry. LIN SEN ELECTED. | Named Chairman of Chinese National Government. NANKING, China, December 28 (&) —Lin Sen, 67-year-old President of the ative Yuan, today hairman of the Chinese National Gov- ernment. | It was he who succeeded Chiang Kai- | Shek earlier this month when Chiang | resigned as President of the Nanking | government under pressure from the Canton faction. That was on Decem- ber 14. A week lafer the entire Chi- | nese cabinet resigned, Chiang left Nanking, and the government was at a standstill. Today's election was at a plenary ses- sion of the Kuomintang (Nationalist party) Committee As chairman of the government, Lin Sen has virtually the same powers as the President of the French republic. Sun Fo, minister of railways in the Chiang government, was appointed President of the E utive Yuan, which virtually means that he acts as pre- mier, and Chen Ming-Shuy was made Vice President of that yuan. Five yuans compose the National gov- ernment—the executive, legislative, ju- dicial, examination and control. |BARUCH FEELS SURE EUROPE WILL PAY WORLD WAR DEBTS | (Continued From First Page.) | sured expenses had been cut to the bone. When this had been accomplished, he | believed the public would accept the new tax burdens more willingly. Inasmuch as the Democrats do not intend to have the tax levies retro- active on 1931 incomes, there would be time enough for this procedure. Also it would place the Democrats in the position of trying to make the ad- ministration_cut its expenses, Recently Senator Harrison of Missis- sippl proposed that $300,000,000 be cut off Federal expenditures, and it is taken for granted that this will be the method the Democrats will use to attack the Republican fiscal policy. There is some sentiment among the Democrats for a sales tax, bul no crys- ization of opinion as yet. Mr. Ba- ruch, for example, said the problem of raising revenue was a simple one. “Find out what sources the Treasury experts say will bring in the most rev- enue,” he declared, “and concentrate on _those sources.” There are indicatlons that when Congress comes back, the principal is- sue will be debate on how the f{ouver administration has been spending its money. By implication, there is abun- dant opportunity for political conver- sation and that, of course, is what many Democrats are looking for on the eve of & presidentiel and congressional campaign, (Copyright, 31, by the Consolidated Press.) In his novels Dickens pictures the authorities trying to keep the poor houses from getting overcrowded by making them as uncomfortable as possi. anese would pass railway stations at Bombing Planes Aid Japanese A(ta(‘kl Manchuria, & few miles northwest of | Tienchuangtai, were reported fleeing to- | was _elected | MONDAY, DECEMBER 28 1931. Japanese Reinforcements Arrive TROOPS ENTER TIENTSIN APTER HURRIED TRIP FROM TOKIO. A borders. REGIMENT of Japanese troops was hurriedly dispatched from Tokio to Tientsin, China, following the outbreak of severe fighting between the Chinese residents of the city and the Japanese troops at the Japanese concession Photo shows Japanese reinforcements passing through the British concession en route to their own —A. P. Photo. concesston in the city. Text of Tokio Staiement Manchurian Policy Defended as Step Toward Main- tenance of Peace; Chinese Called Aggressors; Insists Japan-Adhere to World Agreements. The following statement on the Man- churian situation was issued here by the Japanese embassy “1, The maintenance of peace and order in Manchuria is a matter to which the government of Japan have always attached the utmost importance. They have on various occasions taken every Jawful step in order to secure it and prevent Manchuria from becoming & battlefield of militarists. Only if peace and order prevail can the country be | safe either for Chinese or for foreigners. “In the absence of peace and order, it is futile to speak of the open door or of equal opportunity for economic activ- fties of all nations. But the events of September last have, in spite of her wishes, created a new responsibility and & wider sphere of action for Japan. “Attacked by Chinese violence, her acts of necessary self-orotection re- sulted, to her considerable embarrass- ment, in her having to assume the duty of maintaining public order and private rights throughout a wide area. The local authorities might have been ex- pected to co-operate in upholding law and order, but in fact they almost unanimously fled or resigned. Action Called Duty. w1t was Japan's clear duty to render her steps of self-defense as little dis- turbing as possible to the peaceable in- habitants of the region. It would have been a breach of that duty to have left the population a prey to anarchy—de- prived of all the apparatus of civilized life. at a considerbale sacrifice expended much time and energy in securing the safety of persons and property in the districts where native authorities had become ineffective. This is & respon- sibility which was thrust upon them by events and one which they had as little desire to assume as to evade. “2. But, further than that, not only did the existing machinery of justice and civilized existence break down, but criminal activities of bandits who infest the country were naturally stimulated. The prestige and efficiency of Japanese troops were for some time sufficient to keep $hem in check and to maintain order wherever they were stationed. “Since the beginning of November, however, a sudden increase in the activ- ities of bandits has been noted in the vicinity of the South Manchuria Rail- way zone and especlally to the west of the main line, and it has been estab- lished by examination of arrested indi- viduals, by documents which have been selzed, and from sources of information that their depredations are being car- ried on through systematic intrigues of the Chinchow military authorities. Large Forces Cited. “Reports have indeed been made by t‘rrmlr?cnf the foreign military observ- ers suggesting that they found no evi- dence of any preparations being made by Chinese for attack. But as & matter of fact, the military authorities of Chin- chow are maintaining large forces at various points west of Takushan on the Peiping-Mukden Railway in the adja- cent territory. “Reconnn{s}ancu conducted by the Japanese Army have not only defi- nitely confirmed the assurance that these forces are engaged in making preparations for war, but have also Te- vealed the fact that their outposts are stationed along the line connecting Tienchuantal, Talan, Peichipao and other points on the right bank of the River Liao well advanced from Chin- how. 5 It will readily be admitted that such a situation in itself constitutes & con- stant menace to the Japarese contin- gents dispersed along the South Man- churia Railway and elsewhere, but the danger is even greater than it seemed at first sight, if the further fact is taken into consideration that the Pel- ping-Mukden Railway places the cities of Mukden, Yinkao and Hopel within the short Journey of three or four hours from Takushan and Kuopantsu (which are the bases of the Chinese forces). Bandits Gain Strength. “The bandit forces (which include & Jarge number of officers and men dis- charged from the Chinese Army) are daily gaining strength. For instance, & number of bandits of the western flank of the main line of the South Man- churia Rallway were estimated in early November at 1,300, whereas investiga- tions conducted in early December re- vealed the fact that they then num- bered over 30,000. “;l‘[lnrmvrr, they are’ })lndcd wx"hm" in large groups comprising several hun- drrrlu,gurgpven thousands, each equipped with ‘machine guns and trench mor- tars; so that they can no longer be dis- tinguished from the regular troops. This points unmistakably to the exist- ence of a state of things in which so- called bandits are diverted and pro- vided with arms by the Chinchow mil- itary authorities. “According to statistics compiled by the Japanese consulate —general at Mukden, cases of bandit raids in the vicinity of the railway zone number 278 during the first 10 days of Novem- ber, 341 during the second 10 days, 238 during the final 10 days of the month, and 472 during the first 10 days of De- cember, thus reaching the astounding total of 1,529 in 40 days. “It is the usual strategy of these bandit troops when attacked by our men to fly westward or to take refuge on the right bank of the River Liao: where our army, anxious to avold any collision with Chinese regulars, has made it a point to refrain from further pursuit, Prepared to Withdraw. “3. On the 24th of November the foreign minister of China made an intimation to the ministers at Nan- king of the principal powers to the effect that the Chinese government, in prder to avoid between |72 years old, the Chinese and Japanese forees, were prepared to withdraw their troops to points within the Great Wall. “Upon & proposal to that effect being officially made on the 26th, this government signified their readiness to accept it in principle at the same time instructing the Japanese minister at | Shanghai and the legation at Peiping to open conversations on the matter | with the Chinese foreign minister and | with Marshal Chang Hsueh-Liang, re- spectively. | “The Japanese Minister in China had | several conferences accordihgly with the Chinese foreign minister between the 30th of Novmber and th 3d of December. | In the midst of these conversations, the latter withdrew overture and declined “Therefore the Japanese military have | further negotiation. | “Marshal Chang Hmeh-!.ltn’; with | whom our representative at Peipin | carried on negotiations on the 4th o | December onward either directly or | through the marshal’s subordinates, ex- | pressed his willingness to call in his Chinchow forces as a spontaneous move of withdrawal; and he has since given | repeated assurances as to the speedy execution of his promise. No Sign of Retirement. “In point or fact, however, there is no sign of any such withdrawal. On the contrary, the defenses of Chinchow have since been strengthened. “4. Accordingly, at the present mo- | ment, now almost a month subsequent to the initiation of these negetiations | for the withdrawal of the Chinchow troops, there appears no prospect of obtaining any tangible result owing en- tirely to want of good faith on the Chinese side. At the same time the the part of marauding bands threatens to bring about the complete destruction of all peace and security throughout the whole extent of South Manchuria. . “In these circumstances, the Japanese forces have now begun a general move- ment with a view to campaigning against the bandits on & more extensive | scale than hitherto. It is obvious from what has been said above that the Japanese Army, if it is to achieve any- thing like adequate success, will have to advance to points west of the River Liao where the bandits have their base. “Certainly the Japanese forces, in deference to rsolutions of the Lea Council adopted the 30th of September and the 10th of December, are not in the field against regular Chinese forces; but in the present abnormal conditions prevailing in Manchuria, necessities of the case compel them to continue their operations against lawless elements. “This is a point on which the repre- sentative of Japan at the recent session of the Council of the League held on the 10th of December made definite declaration. Chinese Held Aggressors. “Bo long as-Chinchow military au- thorities, while simulating an unaggres- sive attitude, continhue to instigate and manipulate movements of bandit or- ganizations against the Japanese Army as well as Japanese and other peace- able inhabitants and so long as officers and men of the Chinchow army mingle in large numbers with these bandit Sroups and so render it impossible to istinguish the latter from lar troops, 50 long must the responsibility for the consequences of any Aactlon which may be entailed upon the Japa- nese Army in self-defense rest entirely with the Chinese. month, in spite of the indignation aroused throughout the country by the behavior of the Chinchow military au- thorities and in accordance with the constant desire of the Japanese gov- ernment to abide scrupulously by the resolutions of the League Council, oper- ations of the army against the bandits have been restrained within compara- tively narrow limits and the govern- ments have done everything in their power to devise means for forestalling collision between the forces of the two countries in the course of an eventual anti-bandit campaign. “The Japanese government are con- fident that their prolonged forbearance and their desire strictly to adhere to stipulations of _international eéngage- ments will not fail to command recog- nition by the public opinion of the world.” e OLD INDIAN FIGHTER DEAD IN WEST AT 76 Edward A. Beals Credited With Originating System of Fire and Frost Warnings. By the Assoclated Pr SAN FRANCISCO, December 28.— Edward Allen Beals, 76, Indian fighter, dentist and for 40 years connected with the United States Weather Bu- reau, died here Saturday night after a long illness. He was credited with having origi- nated the system of fire weather fore- casts and frost warnings now used throughout the Government weather service. Before his retirement in 1926 he had been in charge of the Weather Bureau offices in New York City, Port- s 5 Francisco and Hono- ulu. Beals is survived by his widow, & son, Clyde A. Beals of the New Yotk Times, and a daughter, Mrs. Nancy Wilson, Alameda, Calif. FORMER RIFLEMAN DIES MINNEAPOLIS, December 28 (). Maj. Edward G. Falk, expert marksman and former member of the United States Army rifie téeam which competed for & Wimbledon Trophy in England, died at his home here yesterday. He wiks increased activity above described on | IDLE RELIEF NEEDS PUT AT 700 MILLION New York and Chicago Wel- fare Workers Testify Be- fore Senate Probers. By the Associated Press. An estimate that the Nation will need to spend between $600,000,000 and $700,000,000 next year to care for its unemployed was made today before a Senate committee. Social workers from New York and Chicago recited to a Senate Manufac- tures Subcommittee figures to show there would be insufficlent funds from private, city and State sources to carry the load of relief through the Winter. ‘William Hodson, executive secretary of the Welfare Council of New York, and Bamuel A. Goldsmith, executive director of Jewish charities in Chicago, told of the needs in both eities. It was Goldsmith who said between $600,000,- | 000 and $700,000,000 would be needed for relief-during the next year. He said all the Community Chests put together had raised only $76,000,000. 1,100,000 Idle in Illinois. Goldsmith testified there were 1,100~ 000 unemployed in Illinois, or one-third of the total of those who want to work. There were 834,000 % employed in Chicago, he said, and 425,000 outside of Cook County in October. ‘The loss 6f wages in Chicago amounts to about $2,000,000 a day, he estimated, while $100,000 & day is expended in lief. Goldsmith said half of the emergency fund has been expended, and members of the Governor's commission expect it to be exhausted by February 15. “Beyond that there is no money,” Goldsmith said. “Chicago has nothing to carry on with beyond February 15.” Hodson testified that all resources, public and private, are needed to meet the relief problem. United States Obligation Cited. He added that the chief burden must be borne out of public funds—ecity, county, State and probably Federal. The funetion of the Federal Govern- ment, he said, is to encourage local communities to meet their own problem and add to their resources where neces- sary. At the outset of the hearing, Senator Costigan, Democrat, of Colorado, told the committee that nothing short of Government help can provide necessary rellef for the unemployed. ‘Two bills are before the committee, one gz Costigan to appropriate $375,- 000,000, and another by Senator La Fol- lette, Republican, Wisconsin, calling for $250,000,000. La Follette is chairman of the sub- cdmmittee. Other members are Costi- gangan, Senators Cutting, Republican, New Mexico; Hatfleld, Republican, West Virginia, and Wheeler, Democrat, Mon- a. Referring to opposition to the relief ‘measures on the ground that they would conatitute a “dole,” Costgan said: ‘“‘America must not starve while we quibble over words. Throughout history yubhc money has been used to provide or the poor.” Calls Funds Inadequate. He sald he had made & survey of the “5. During the course of the past |relief problem and found existing funds adequate.” “Immeasurable distress and the need for further rellef were clearly shown,” he added. ‘The Senator said charitable resources were heavily stralned and some States were on the verge of exhausting their tax resources. ‘The first witness today was Hodson, who said he was testifying as an indi- vidual and not as a representative of the council. “We cannot tell the total load we must carry,” Hodson sald, “but the total money in sight for relief is not sufficient to care for the families who are going to be in need this Winter.” Hodson estimated there are 800,000 unemployed in New York City alone. “'The spectre of starvation faces mil- lions of people,” he said, “who have never before known what it was to be out of & job or what it meant to be up againat it.” Hodson estimated the 250,000 families and unattached persons in New York were either in need or were receiving sol:;nflm‘ia :fw assistance. ,000,000 from private funds And $20,000,000 from public funds, Hod- son said, would be available for relief in New York. Costighn asked if that would be adequate. “The funds now in sight are not adequate,” Hodson replied. Relie? Basis “Too Low.” ‘The welfare expert said he believed the distressed should be permitted to live in “a rasonably decent way.” The present relief basis of $60 a month for a family of five, Hodson said, “is entirely inadequate.” The witness sald free medical faelli- ties in New York are being taxed “to the limit and beyond.” He added that foxTioe madiesl atention was due-to mi af lon was due m&l{nnmflot}\;m . e , er, that the mortalil A u.:ll:"‘_‘o not yet disclose an llurm.ln;" Movie Actress Recovering. PITTSBURGH, Decémber 28 (#)— Jean Harlow, platinum blonde of the films, wis rmvefln, today from an attack of intestinal “flu.” Resting in her hotel room, she sald she would con- rahces on a downtown RITTER TOPS LIST OF TAX REFUNDS Capital Man’s $74,412 Re- turn on Gifts Is Biggest on Individual List. William M. Ritter of Washington re- ceived the largest individual tax refund awarded by the Treasury during the last fiscal year for the Maryland col- lection district. He was awarded $74,412 as a r1e- fund resulting from gifts. The Cosmos Club of Washington recelved $65,375 sales tax refund. Other refunds in- cluded $8,601 to Sir Charles Ross of Washington on income tax. Wardman Construction Co., now Wardman Cor- poration of this city, $95,658; Wash- ington Club, Incorporated, of this city $13.430. These were reported to Con- gress today by the Treasury. Larger Refunds Listed. Income tax refunds of more than $1,000 for the collection district of Maryland include John A. M. Adalr, 2400 Sixteenth street, Washington, $1,079: Alexander Armstrong, Hagerstown, $1,734; Clyde B. Asher, 2500 Upton streef, Washing- ton, $1,154; B. & R., Inc., Washington, $2,067; William G. Baker, jr., Balti- more, '$1,075; Adam P. Barrett, Balti- more, $2,823; John H. Barrett, Balti- more, $1,932; Mrs. Mae A. Bayne, 2010 Kalorama road, Washington, $4,135; estate of Clarence Beall, National Sav- ings & Trust Co., executor, Wash- ington, $1,166; estate of Henry H. Bliss, Howard L. Burns, administrator, Baltimore, $1,007; Miss Jennie B. | Brown, Roland Park, Baltimore, $4,552; | Bugle Ccat & Apron Co., Inc., Washing= ton, $3,376; Edward B. Burling, Wash- ington, $2.464; Cahn, Coblens Co., Bal- timore, $10,601; Caplan & Co., Balti~ more, $1,416; John Cassels trust, Amer- ican’ Security & Trust trustee, Washington, $1,915; Chesapeake Air- craft Co., Baltimore, $1,282; Chestnut Farms Dairy, Inc., Washington, $1,083; Citizens’ National Bank, Albert D. Gra- ham, John S. Gibbs, jr.; Edward L. Robinson and James D. Harrison, trus- tees for former stockholders, in care Pirst National Bank, Baltimore, $3,558; Commonwealth Bank of Baltimore, $2,520; Consolidated Engineering Co. Baltimore, $1,952; trust of Olga Cran dall, Munsey Trust Co., trustee, Wash= ington, $3,913; R. Golden Donaldson, Washington, $1,702; Mrs. Genevieve L. Duer, Baltimore, $1,718; Federal Home Mortgage Co., Federal Home Investing Co., Inc., successor, Washington, $2,054; Fidelity ‘& Deposit Co. of Maryland, Baltimore, $1,386; Arthur D. Foster, jr., Baltimore, $1,263; John Walker Smith Foster, Baitimore, $1,198; G. Clem Goodrich, Baitimore, $1.387; G. Clem Goodrich, Baltimore, $4,851; Great At- lantic & Pacific Tea Co. of America, in care D. List Warner and George S. Newcomer, resident agents, Baltimore, $5074; Mrs. Sara Hopfenmaier Gug- genheim. Washington, $1478; 8. M. amilton Coal Co., Baltimore, $1,307; O. V. Hare, Baltimore, $1,236; Mrs, Ruth G. Hecht, Baitimore, '$1,645; Hines Co., Baltimore, $1213; W. Meads Holladay, Annapolis, $1,935; Lawrence S. Holt, sr., Washington, $7.230; House & Herrmann, Inc, Washington, $3708; E. E. Jackson Lumber Co., Washington, $8,323; George C. Jenkins, Baltimore, $6,295; Charles G. Kriel, jr., Baltimore, $11,644; Dr. Henry Krogstad, Washington, $3,895; John™ C. Legg, jr, Baltimore, $5.562; John C. Legg, jr. Ba.timore, $1.535; Mrs. Mary H. Lincoln, Washington, $1,977; George Mackubin, Baltimore, $4.964; Maryland Mortgage & National Title Co., $3,121; Miss Dorothy Mellon, care of Williams, Myers & Quiggle, Washington, $4,580; Mrs. Mary A. Mel- lon, same address, $1,164; Merchants ‘Terminal Corporation, Baltimore, $5,611; Mercantile Trust & Deposit Co., of Baltimore, $1,664; Mobile & Ohio Railroad Co., Washington, $4,606; Mount Vernon Woodberry Mills, Inc. Baltimore, $1,514; National Metropol tan Bank, Washington, $7,127; National Mortgage & Investment Corporation, ‘Washington, $14,143; National Tribune Corporation, Washington, $4,718; Na- tional Union Bank of Maryland, Bal- timore, $3,161; Ox Fibre Brush Co, Frederick, $2,418; Parkwood Cemetery Co., Baltimore, $1,688; trust of D thy Crandall Payette, Munsey Co., trustee, Washington, $3,813 Edith Fry Pearson, 2404 Wyoming av nue, Washington, $3,386; Mrs. Elia K. Perin, Baltimore, $2,770; Real Est Sales, Inc, Baltinfore, $1,109; Hugh Rellley Co., Washington, §1.462° St G. Rosson, Baltimore, $8,400; M. Som- uels & Co., Inc, Baltimore, §:47 Francls M. Savage, Washington, Sav Manufacturing Co., $2705; Mrs. M. Gertrude Washington, $2,658; James P, Washington, $10,325; trust of Mildred Crandall Sherman, Munsey Trust Co trustee, Washington, 83,81 Brothers, Baltimore, $3.846 Acid Works, Inc., Baltimore, Standard Wholesale Phosphate C) now Standard _Whojesals Pho-- phate & Acid Works, Inc, B timore, $7.546; Mrs. Mary E. Stc art, Washington, _ $5,107; Charies . Steiff, Inc, Baltimore, $4.965: Mrs. Edith Mellon Strong, Washington, $4414; Sun Life Insurance Co. of i America, Baltimore, $1,621; Edward M. Swing, Washington, $1,118; Dr. Willizm Tarum, Baltimore, $1,318; Frank C. Taylor, Delmar, $1,076; Taylor & Mo- Coy Coal & Coke Co., Baltimore, §2,- 650; Mrs. Merle Thorpe, Washingtor, $2,513; Mrs. Mirlam D, Thropp, Wesh- ington, $2.371; John W. Tottle, Balti- more, $1,382; Edward R. True, Wash~ ington, $2,440; The United Porto Rican Sugar Co. Baltimore, $3,577; Henry Walters, Baltimore, $9,719; Western Maryland Railway Co., Baltimore, $11,- 881;" The Whiting-Turner Construction Co, Baltimore, $4,698, and Dr. William Holland Wilmer, Baltimore, $1,134, Estate Refunds Listed. Estate rw{l’\md& follow: Estate of Frances Erskine National Savings Bank & ’I‘r‘:.gtd ‘sém' administrator, ~ Washington, $1,280, estate of Claribel Cone, Frederic and Etta Cone, executors, Baltimore, $2,00 estate of David J. Dunigan, Helen Dunigan, administratrix, Washington, $1,538; estate of Andrew J. Fesenmeler, Michel L. PFesenmeler, administrator, Cumberland, $4416; estate of Roger Brooke Hopkins, Francis E. Pegram and Austin McLanahan, trustees, Baltimore, 8$1,472; estate of James Edwin Hurlock, Margaret L. Hurlock, executrix, Mil- lington, $1,093; estate of Mattie W. Johnson, American Becurity & Trust Co. and Legh R. Page, executors, $1,031; estate of August Weber, Charles H. Weber, executor, Richmond, $6,918, and estate of Walter 5. Winans, Jesse N. Bowen, administrator, Baltimore, $2,433. Capital stock sales and gift refunds follows: Avindale Owners, inc., Wash- ington, $2,225; Cavanaugh Court Own- ers, Inc, Washington, $1,351; Cosmos Club, Washington, $65.375; Netherlands Owners, Inc, Washington, $1,131; Northumberland Apartments, _inc. Washington, $3379; Rutland Courts Owners, Inc, Washington, $2,712, and Suburban Club of Beltimore County, Pikesville, $1,453. : U. S. TAX REFUNDS TOTAL $69,476,930, TREASURY REVEALS (Continued From Pirst Page.) liam K. Vanderbilt, $368,998. Only $55¢ was returned to the United States Steel Corporation, which topped the 1930 list with $15,205,343. As the refunds were announced, Chairman Cochran of the House Ex- enditures Committes, to which the re- unds were sent, issued a statement ex- plaining Secretary Mellon was not per- mitted by law to make public sddi- $7,51