Evening Star Newspaper, October 22, 1931, Page 8

A—8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. .October 22, 1931 . .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company B Fenyivanta Ave Sffice: 110 East 4md &t Butlding. . London, 11th St. New York Of Fulohan Offfce 14 Regen B England, Rate by Carrler Within the City. e Evening Star....... 45¢c per month d: St Bars) o 2, .60c Der month er mont (when 5 n Ver copy The Sunday Star Collection made rders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Baily and Sunday. $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ aily only .. c 1 1 §§ $6.00; 1 mo., 50¢ Binday only 1VEL 34001 1 mo doc All Other States and Canada. afly and Sunday...1yr. $12.00: 1 mo.. S1 ally only .... ..1yr., S8 1 me i nday only (I1yel $500i 1 mo. 8 $1.00 B¢ 9 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitle: to the use for republication of all news ais- ted in this pape published herein. special dispatches herein are n M. Laval in Washington. Washington is privileged today to welcome the prime minister of France— or, as he is to be designated officially the president of the Council of Min- isters. M. Laval comes to this coun- try at the invitation of the United conference with President Hoover retary Stimson and other members of the administration. Pains have been taken on both sides to divest the con- versations of any cut-and-dried char- acter. There is no fixed agendum. No binding agreements are to be, or can be, made. The occasion is to partake exclusively of the nature of a candld eand thorough discussion of problems common to France, to the United Btates and to the world. As the two powers upon which cir- cumstances have conspired to thrust financlal primacy, France and America have a grave responsibility at the pres- ent crisis in international relations. Possessing between them some three- quarters of all monetary gold, come near to having the ability to lay down the economic law of the globe. Their joint adherence to the goid standard is of itself a stabilizing fac- tor of far-reaching influence. If gold were the only issue which M. Lival had to thresh out with his American hosts their task would be simple. it is only one of a tangled skein ssues intertwined with gold. President Hoover puts disarmament in the forefront of the world's pressing problems. Could it be solved on a broad scale, he holds that the key to eco- nomic rehabilitation would be in sight. France is not hostile on principle to the idea of disarmament. Maintenance of her formidable war machine imposes upon the French a burden of which they would gladly be rid, th part if not in whole. They have a price at which they will demobilize their military establishment. That price is security in some other form, eithér from the League of Nations, to which France has submitted a proposition to that identical effect, or from a group of individual countries. No such group would be complete, in French estimation, that did not include the all-powerful United States. Another sine ‘qua non for dis- armament, from the French viewpoint, is security in particular against Ger- many. The Reich today could offer only a poor fight against the much more extensively armed Republic. But milllons of Germans—not all of them Hitler's Fascists—incessantly demand revision of the Treaty of Versailles, including drastic reductions in repara- tions. France considers the Treaty of Versailles a closed incident. She frowns upon such German aspirations as the abolition of the Polish corridor. She can envisage no security for France Irom a Germany in such mood. And as in all these controversial questions, each of them bristling with difficulties, there is the general oues- of tion of intergovernmental war debts, | payments on which are suspended for & year under the existing Hoover moratorium. Is the moratorum to be renewed? Will Europe’s annual stipends to the United States Treasury be resumed? Has “capacity to pay” not become for many of our debtors a demonstrable incapacity to pay? These are the baffiing matters which awalt the attention of French and American statesmen on the Potomac this week. They will need the wisdom of a Solomon to grapple with them in any hope of adjustment. The will to do 50 is at least at hand. M. Laval brings to America a reputation for open-mindedness, as well as for political sagacity and high-minded patriotism. He will deal In Washington with men of the same caliber. Statesmanship faces an unparalleled opportunity. — r———— Japan would be willing to allow her soldiers to do police work in Manchurig in case bandits became active. The re- straining influence of the arrangement would be capable of comprehensive de- velopment. It is as easy to mistake a rebel for a bandit as it is to mistake a Maine hunter for & deer. o gybe] = The Band and the Constitution. It is with gratification that the an- nouncement is received that President Hoover has disapproved the proposal to cut from the naval estimates the items of appropriation for the Navy Band and the maintenance of the old frigate Constitution, recently restored. When the word went forth that the economies to be effected in the budget for the naval establishment would include these two items there was an immediate re- action of protest, on the score that the need for curtailment of Government costs was not so urgent as to require these sacrific Assurances were ex- pressed that they would be resisted in Congress. Battleship building and other constructions might be lessened, but these two features of the naval organ- ization, that hold the enthusiastic in- terest of the people, would be fought for in the framing of the appropriation bill. It probably did not require this promise of resistance at the Capitol to cause the decision to save the band and the Constitution, The Navy Band is an institution of which the country is proud. It has giveh great delight to multitudes. It bas formed for many years a pictur- - N PR | at the end 6f ‘each month they | But | esque feature of demonstrations of (.he'bkldb!l‘lh flew non-stop from Washing- naval strength of the United States. It | has' contributed to the maintenance of | the morale of the naval forces. Its cost is & comparative trifie, the saving of which would be of the very least effect in the economy t6 be sccomplishéd by {cuts and suspensions. It may be re- | gardéd as a luxury, from the point of | view of hard-boiled bookkeeping, but i | the United States is not vét and will |nrobnb},v never get to the point of need at which such luxuries must be | eschewed. | In accepting the donations of the ! school children of the country for the { restoration of the Constitution the Gov- ernment pledged itself to maintdin the! old ship as a symbol of the early Navy, | which was a vital factor in the preser- | vation of the Republic. As well allow {the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at | Arlington to fall into decay, for the | |'sake of the trifling sum necessary for {its maintenance, as to send this relic ! back into & housing, with a mere gudrd !of caretakers. It would have been & fshamerul plea of poverty. Happlly this { will not oceur. e Those Triangle Tracks. The refusal by Justice Adkins to grant a temporary injunction restrain- ing the Government from demolish- ing the Virginia interurban terminal at Twelfth street and Pennsylvania ave- nue and from closing certain streets within the Avenue Triangle does not, unfortunately, guarantee clear sailing henceforth for any of the parties inter- ested or involved in the controversy. The Government is apparently con- cerned even now over its rights in the matter of destroying the car tracks that are Jaid on the streets to be closed. Justice Adkins said that Congress, in granting the street car company its chartér, spécifically reserved the right to repeal it, and the court has difficulty in seeing logically why Congress can- not repeal a portion of the charter. But the court did not say that Congress had repealed a portion of the charter, al- though it has enacted legislation clos- ing the streets. % The railroad corporation is consider- ing the wisdom of appealing from Jus- tice Adkins' decision or of taking its | grievance into the United States Court of Claims, where, Justice Adkins plainly intimated, it belongs. The strest car riders who depend {upon the Washington, Alexandria & | Mount Vernon Ratlroad for transporta- tion from nearby Virginia into town { are lett as high in the air as they ever {were. They do not know what the | soluticn of their particular problem is |to be and they do not know who, if anybody, will solve it for them. In the meantime the Government's | work in the portion of the triangle in- i volved is being delayed. Excavations {are being made in sections of the area {that are not crossed by the street car | tracks. Contracts for excavations in | other portions, necessitating the clos- ing of streets on which the tracks are | located—Thirteen-and-a-half between | Constitution avenue and C, and D be- !tween Twelfth and Thirteenth—are | being held up pending decision on the Government’s course of action. Into | the contracts is written the possibijity | that the contractor may have to dig | on both sides of the tracks, shoring up the rails with timbers as the excavating proceeds, leaving the tracks high and dry. The whole business becomes rather {absurd. But the court left no doubt | about the Government's right to de- i molish its own property, which is now |being used as the railway terminal at | Twelfth street and Pennsylvania avenue. | It the Government should now proceed i to demolish that property and excavate | ion both sides of the track, another ter- | minal must be established. It is difficult to understand what is [to prevent the authorities from mak- ing an agreement with the railroad | company” whercby, in return for ob- taining permission for the establish- ment of another terminal, the company will abandon its tracks within the tri- |engle bullding area, and, if it has a |claim for damages alleged to have re- sulted, press it before the tribunal created for that purpose. —————— Remarkable prosperity enjoyed by France following great adversity entitles her to be listened to with close atten- | tion when she has any suggestions to | offer concerning financial management. ———— By merging, railroads can arrange for only one hard-luck story where formerly it was necessary to tell sev- eral. . Doolittle Does Much. | It looks as if it is about time for Capt. Frank Hawks to sit up and take | notice. Here he is letting Maj. James | Doolittle run away with speed. honors |in the air, and he does not seem to be doing anything about it. When the | ex-Army major, one of the finest fiyers l'ever in the service, crossed the conti- I nent last month in eleven hours and | fifteen minutes, beating Hawks' record | ! by more than an hour, it was believed | that it was the beginning of a nip-and-| tuck battle bétween the two famous | speed aces. Before Doolittle’s advent! {into this type of flying Hawks had the | | field all to himself, and what he ac- complished with his bullet-like little machine, both in this country and| abroad, is a matter of history. But| with his successful transcontinental | dash Doolittle has usurped the spot- ight, and his latest feat. performed Tuesday when he linked Ottawa, Canada, with Mexico City in & trifle more than twelve hours, entitles him' to top honors for the time being at | least. In the early dawn of Tuesday morn- ing the major zoomed off the Ottawa field, which was dimly illuminated by automobile headlights. At seven am. he arrived over the National Capital after a flight of four hundred and sixty miles. Owing to fog, however, some ! delay was experlenced in the take-off for Birmingham, Ala., which he reached at ten-thirty. From Birmingham he flashed over the six hundred and fifty miles to Corpus Christi and from there, after & brief stop, the remaining eight hundred and fifty miles to Mexico City, a total of twenty-five hundred miles in twelve hours and twenty-five minutes with an air-speed avefage of two hundred and thirty miles an hour and an average of better than two hundred miles an hour counting the three stops. This route has never bten flown be- foré, but a basis of comparison in' speéd can be made when it is réalizéd that only four years ago Col. Charles A, | rival ofl companies and have plenty of | terest_in their exploits from a spéed- | the stréets and highways. NG S TAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1931. —_— ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ton to Mexico Oity in twenty-seven hours. Doolittle’s timé yesterday was ten hours and fifteen minutes. And on the last lap from Tampico to Mexico City, when Doolittle undoubtedly opened up his “baby power house” a bif, he govéréd two hundred and twenty-five miles fn fifty-four minutes. 8o it appears to bé up to Hawks to buy & new ship and start out after the fast-traveling Doolittle. These fiyers are heads of thé aviation departments of backing for theéir contest to win pre- mier honors. - They will not lack for in- minded Nation, S O Maryland’s Safety Campaign. Maryland's fourth annual “Save a Life” cdmpaign is now in full swing dnd if thé results obtained in other years can be taken as a criterion motor- ists and pedestrians in that State will reap the benefits that come from thor- ough inspection as to mechanical con- dition of every motor car that travels Between now and November thirty, when the campaign ends, every driver must sub- mit his car to an authorized depot for & check on brakes, lights, horn, steer- ing mechanism, rear view mirrors and windshield wipers and at the same time he must present to the examining offi- cer his certificate of ownership and op- erator’s pérmit for inspection. A small sticker is given to those who pass suc- cessfully. Failure to show a stickér after December 1 will result in re- fusal to issu€ registration tags for 1932 and a possible penalty. These campaigns for safety on the highways—other States, notably Penn- sylvania, have conducted them for years —inevitably aid in keeping down the accident and fatality toll. The automo- bile of today is far less likely to “go wrong” than the car of ten years ago, but_nevertheless the carelessness of mo- | torists in failing to' make periodic visits to the repair shop for an inspection re- sults in a high percentage of unfit vehicles on the streets. The compulsery test of every automobile, therefore, not only weeds out the mechanically im- perféct but makes the motorist realize | the benefits that accrue from keeping | his car in good condition. A therough student can always be re- lied on for new and valuable ideas. | more ways of turring a corn"r than the average D, C. motorist would have con- sidered possible. —oe ‘The uneducated populace of China used to believe that there was very little territory of importance outside of that country. Along with its advantages, civilization brings some rude awkenings. —e—o— | Occasionally a big theatrical flrm: finds it advisable to give a little lesi‘ attention to artistic manuscripts in order to study legal documents pertain- ing to leases and rentals. CrTE e No nation admits that war can be | desirable. In its undesirability lies its assumed potency as a threat in the hands of reckless determination. FElegant as his wardrobe is, Capone | can hardly offer even the feeble apology | that he is obliged to hold out on his taxes in order to pay his tailor. ———r———————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. No Monotony. Good néws and bad news, Coming through the air! Oné day is dark and stormy And another day is fair, Gay news and sad news, Sorrowing and smile, Each following the other In a very lMttle while! Bright news and dark news, Often we’re perplexed, But always glad we're living, Wondering what is coming next. Going Still Further. “Do you approve of prohibition?" “I do,” answeréd Senator Sorghum “I'll go still further. If prohibition law isn't enough to abolish bad liquors, I belleve in total abstinence.” Jud Tunkins says money has got to be such an interesting proposition you're temptéd to stand around and talk about it instead of trying to earn it. Attire. The racketeer who works with care Lives in luxurious state And puts on silken underwear Instead of armor plate. Lost Simplicity. “So you made Mesa Bill get out of Crimson Guich?” “He went East for a while,” explained Cictus Joé, “4nd came back puttin’ on alrs, He used to be satisfied with a pony and & six-shooter, to amuse hisself. When hc Insisted on & limousine and a machine gun, we had to put him out. We simply couldn’t stand his citified ways.” “There aré two questions,” said IIi Ho, thé sage of Chinatown, “which great weéalth may sometimes find it difficult to answer. They refer to the beginning and the end: “How did you get it?” and “What are you going to do with it?” Work. ‘We've teléphones and phonographs And miny & radi6 set. With all the tunes and all the laughs ‘We aren’t happy yet! ‘When one desire iy gratified Another will be met. ‘We $ay, while tolling on in pride, “We will be- happy yet!"” A simple story life will tell And sorrows we'll forget. If wé can work and do it well, We'll all be happy yet. “Some o' dece sinners is 80 tough,” sald Untle Eben, “dit when ol’ Satan tempts ’em, he ‘pears to me like he was Jes lookin' foh new trouble in his home.” . .- o Mystery of Civilization, From the Rockford Register-Republic. A man was swindled out of $30,000 on the old rdcé hérse tip game. How thesé féllows gét the money {hey lose 6 éasily 18 one of Elvilization’s mys-, Traffic Director Van Duzen has found |}’ THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Oné aspect of Autumn séldom hed on is that then one starts to dress by artificial light again. Summer has been with us so long ‘ghat we tend to overlook this simple act. If one eats breakfast sround the standard h«‘;:rko 7 a.m,, one must get up_in the dark. pThere are advantages to this which the late riser will never know. It is péerhaps true that the person who never géts up in the dark missés something.” He misses the stfangé appearance of the landscape, which is forever a de- light to him whose appréciation of the simple things of the evéry-day life has not withered undér sophistication. He misses the queer blend of shadows cast by houses, trees and shrubs with the glorious slow ingrepse in light as nature’s greatest light comes up on an awakening world. * K K K ‘The man who gets u? early, follow- ing the injunction of that man, Benjamin Franklin, may bécome neither wealthy, healthy nor wise; but there is one thmg certain—he will sée some pretty outdoor pictures. There is something #bout the early morning hours which set them apart from those of twilight, as beautiful as the latter aré and so énshrinéd in poetry and song. Somehow oné mdy fé€l that dawn is the better time, because it is becomin; lighter every minute, not darker. “In the gloaming” is lovely solely on ac- count of this very dawn which we watch. 1f it had not been for the sure prom- ise of dawn, the twilight hour would ver have come into the prominence iwhich it now enjoys with the mafority of mankind. *ox ok o Let us look upon the early morning hours, then, as among the very finest of the day, not only for what they are in themselies, but because they are the optimistic hours of the 24—the ones in_which light increases. Morning is the American part of the day. the booster portion, in which the millions go forth to their labors. In Spring and Summer most of these workers get up in the light, even if the sun is not far advanced: but when Autumn and Winter come, with their cold mornings, their winds, their over- | coats, they find it dark. If one is to enjoy the morning hours to their full, glance be cast outdoors the first thing one gets up. This puts one in tune with the very day itself. It will not do to leap out of bed with protesting eyes, bent on bustling into one's clothes as fast as possible. That way a great deal is missed ich not only would prove helpful in beosting the Weary spirit of the man in morning, but, above all, be of inter- est to any human being who has not lost, as we hate said, the proper re spect due to all these forces in whi we live and move ani have our being. his darkness is just such a dark- ness as covered the face of the earth when God said “Let there be light.” The same, let it be said, with the ex- ception of these streets, these houses, these street lights. Stars and moon 'are the same, the earth is essentially the same. The very ame physical forces, as manifest in wind and tide, play their tunes on the harmonium of the seasons. It is impossible to escape them if we would, and the wise man would not if he could. He is content to rejoice in these simple but vast forces, never ceasing to marvel at the strange truce it 1is essential that a | le as if no map had ever with them and as if elvilization not learnéd anything concerning the best way to live with them, Yet, on the other hand, mankind has lived these thousands, some say mil- lions, of years on an earth teeming with the most destructive factors. rfurri- canes come and go, earthquakes < va tate entire areas, but thésé are -firnd not constant. In the main, the e ments are undestandable, and man has madé his own understanding cope with them, at least to the extent of manag- ing to get along with them as well as possible, LY An early breakfdst with the light out- sidé still struggling to illuminate a room énables one to havé a firé in the fireplace with the very best effect. orning and évening are the best timeés, for then the flamés of the burn- ing logs do not have to compete with the overwhelming brilliance of the Master Brifance. A firéplace is never so fétching as in the early morning, when H;e ht from the hearth plays o6ver furniture and curtains and reflects itsélf in window panes. Seml-darkness outsidé 18 nécessary for all this. It is pl t to come down in the morning half light and sit before the fire leisurely with enough | ime at one’s command to enjoy it, just | &5 if one had nothing else in"the world to do that day but sit in front of the re. | How lacking in foresight those people jare who refuse to leave their warm | covers & minute before they have to and then must rush through their toilet and breakfast and hurry away to work! | . There positively are no commands | 8gainst any one getting up when one | pleases. There is no either for or against. 1In this mattér the spirit of man is utterly free. He may lie in bed or he may get out of it. He may rush to work like a hunted slave or he | may go like a master, at his ease. It is up to him. * ok ko All one has to do is to get up early enough. But to do that, of course, it | 1 necessary that one go to bed at a seasonable ‘hour, depending upon one'’s | temperament, and that one have a | genuine desire to get up early, | The desire is no less necessary than the prior hours of sleep. One would recommend a good alarm clock as a friend in this need. One Washing- tonian takes a pet cat to bed with him. The cat sleeps at the foot of the bed until 5 &'clock, when it wakes up. jumps down to the floor and meows. To date, | according to our informant, the cat has | fluctuated between 4:45 and 4:55 am. If there were some way to intrigue this fellow into varying his waking-up time, he would make ‘he perfect feline alarm clock. As he is his act is unique. He who pref s to get up early be- | cause he likes (o ket up early and not be rushed about everything will find | that the degree of darkness outside his window is a fairly good alarm clock in itself. There is a slight difference be- tween the blackness of 4 am. and that of 5 am. which the connoisseur of such thlnF will catch readily. Especially if his bed is so situated that he can see the sky line itself, he will have no particular difficulty in knowing fairly accurately just about What time it is. As a last recourse he jcan sénfe the hour. This is an intui- tion or speclal knowledge which is g:\ixc? more common than some might nk. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands HE JAPAN ADVERTISER, Toklo. —A dispatch from Moscow says: Al] over the Soviet Union are numercus health resorts, sana- toria and rest homes, in which the workers spend their periods of rest, says the Tass Agency. This year, the sanatoria will have 49,000 beds available for exhausted work: ers compared with 44,000 last year. Ar- rangements have been made to give treatment to half a million people. Wirkers who are not in need of special treatment spend their annual holidays in rest homes, where they re- ceive full board and “various recred- tions” for a nominal charge—and in many cases fres. It 15 expeéted thit 800.000 men will go into rest homes this vear. There are “week end rest homes” in the big cities like Moscow and Lenin- grad. The weck end in Russia, of course, is not the fixed Saturday to Monday pe- riod. Every day of the week is a rest day for cne-fifth of the working popu- Iation. Thus the rest homes are never idle. * oK K ox Motor Cycle Operators Must Pass Severe Test. El Telegrafo, Guayaquil.—The com- missioner of traffic has designated Senor Rafael A. Munoz, honcrary examiner of | the competence of all the mot-r cyclists in the city. Aspirants for these privi- liges must present to the commission | and its examiner, Senor Munoz, & more | sufficient and circumstantial prcof of ther physical and mental ccndition than is required even of the drivers of motor cars, because of the greater diffi- culties and jeopardies associated with the operation of motor cycles. All ap- plicants for licenses will be Subjécted, therefore, to a rigid examination. At present the commission is re-ex- amining the motor buss drivers in the city and also the vehicles, to make sure they are in safe mechanical condition. ‘| Inspection of private motor cars and re-examination cf their drivers will suc- ceed these investigations. * oK ok ¥ Dealers Destroy Cucumbers to Keep Up Price. Neues Wiener Tagblatt, Vienna—In the neighborhcod of Prdgue 70,000 pounds of cucumbers have been de- stroyed by pickle and ghérkin dealérs t> maintain high prices. The 70,000 pounds of cucumbers will be piled in one great heap, saturated with petro- leum and lime, and set afiré, * k Xk X Teaching of English Faces Difficulties in Porto Rico, EIl Progresc, San Juan—The teiching of English in Porto Ries is a difficult problem. Aside from the pérpléxities of method and technic in_ teaching the language to children whom it serves no useful function as a medium of communicaticn, there aré at present in the Porto Rican situation two other factors of fundamental import. One of them is the problem constituted by the lack of a sympathetic, willing sic- ceptance by the people of Porto Rico of a second language, and the other is the problem of providing a body teachers who know and use the English langusge with a fair degree of fluency and correctness. It is said that we do nct know how to teach English in Porto Rico. This does not mean that all teachers lack the necessary command of English to teach it well. A number of teachers us: ex- cellent English, and speak with ease and fluency. But this is not the rule, and there is undoubtedly lack of sympathetic teaching of English, ana unwillingness to accept it as a second language. ‘Whether or not Porto Rico should be made to accept English is a problem ultimately for Porto Rico to decide. Where a second language is taught, through the medium of the public school, to an entire people, there is al- ways the possibility that this second language may become rival to the mother tcngue. This arouses emotions founded in affection for thé mother ngue, and t] aroused emotions set hese 5 to the séccnd IANGUAZE. By .fio'r:hfi:flr'im| fnkuusuf-g s in retarding the acceptance of the sec- | ond language. This factor has interfered with the effective teaching of English in Porto Rico. A shortage of teachers who speak English readily and properly is the sec- | ond obstacle.” English depends fcr its teaching in Porto Rico wholly upon the schocl. OQutside of schcol the only language heard cr used is Spanish. As the only basis of learning & language is through use, the burden placed on the school is unusually heavy. It must not only provide correct teaching but the | environment in which correct teaching is to functicn. Neither requirement fs met in Porto Rico. Though the school | has aimed at adequate practice by or- | dering that all instruction, save instruc- tion in the Spanish language, be con- | ducted in English from the fifth grade on, the aim is defeated by the fact that instructicn, to get anywnere, must bs done in a language the children under- | stand, and by the further fact that the | teachers themselves, for the most part, command English so tmperfectly they | hesitate to use it. | This is no reflection upon the teach- | ers, however. They had to learn Eng- | lish under conditions deficlent both ss to ccrrect teaching and opportunity for use. Neither English, nor any other lan- guage, can be learned to the point of ready command under such conditicns. Little progress therefore will be made in the teaching of English in Porto Rico until two conditions are afforded—a body cf teachers with ready command of English, and an environment where a knowledge of English is a necessity. The solution of one of the conditions is contingent on the solution of the other, and the solution of both depends on the future attitude of the Porto Ricans foward thé English language. ) Rail Consolidation Seen Progressing | From the Chicago Daily News. Rallroad consolidation was one of the major objectives of the transportation law of 1920. The task of regrouping the railroads of the ceuntry was as- signed to the Interstate Commerce Com- mission. That body prepared tenta- {tively & comprehénsivé plan. It was deemed unsatisfactory a&nd carriers thereupon deterrinéd to work out sub- stitute suggestions and submit them to the commission for approval. After years of conference and dis- cussion the n rdilrodds have agreed upon a four-system consolidation plan whieh théy ask the commission to | sanction. A somewhat premature an- nouncémeént last December of a sidiilar plan received the cordial approval of President Hoover, but subséquently ob- stacles were encountered which neces- sitated further delay. The final points of difference having been ad) by compromise, the East. rn carriers are anxious to proceed with eir plan. Naturally, the ic sit- uation has played an important part in inducing them to waive minor obj tions and make mutual concessions for the sake of the economies and improve- ments expected to follow Judicious con- solidation. The railroad brotherhoods have heea in touch with the committees chargel with the solution of the problems. Con- sequently no opposition ffom thém is anticipated. The agreements outlined, it put into effect, would constituté a lofig and sig- | nificant step toward pléte railroad consolidation. In the interest of good service and genuine ecohn? the pro- posed changes should beé éffected with as much expedition as thé éotiplex and difficult task allows. National pra ity should be promoted materially as a result. e Gunpowder Backfire. From the Cléveland News. Chinése general beln% bombed by do with nese airplanes raust have regretted Tleast those of his ancestors g&mfl thé inve The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. New Jersey is surely in the political limelight today. The death of the late Representative Ernest R. Ackerman in the fifth congressional district almost on the eve of the convening of Con- gress has threatened to upset the Re- publican majority of one. Mr. Acker- man's death followed closely on the heels of the death of the late Senator Dwight W. Morrow, also of New Jerséy. The Republican Governor of the State has authority to appoint to fill the Morrow vacancy until the general élec- tion in 1932, and the orily question is which one of the Republican senatorial possibilities he will appoint. In ad- dition, New Jersey is the only State which has a Republican Governor holding _a gubernatorial election this year. That election will be watched closely and the result will be regarded s a possible indication of what may ppen in the presidential eléction in 1932, * ok ok Under the laws of New Jersey the Governor may issue a call for a spe- cial election to fill vacancies in the House, but the call must be issued many days in advance of the special election. There is also a law in New Jersey which specifies that after an election for Congress is held the can- vassers of the vote are to meet 28 dlil after the eléction to canvass the ) and that no certificate of election can be issued until the canvass has been made. Exactly 46 days remain until the opening of Congress on December 7. The Republican congressional leaders are anxious that the election to fill the Ackerman vacancy should be held in time to have a Republican here to vote in the House organization fight. One report here today was the Governor of I New Jersey would issue a call for the special election today or tomorrow to be held December 1, with 4 nominating primary on November 17. Further- more, the Governor would call together a special session of the Legislature to put through a law permitting the can- vass of the vote on December 4, thus making it possible for the successor of Mr. Ackerman to come to Washington for the opening of the session of Con- gress. The Republicans feel fairly con- fident of carrying the fifth district, for, even as bad as times were last Fall, Mr. Ackerman carried the district by prac- tically a two-to-one vote over the - ocratic candlds‘te,' * * So far as elections are concerned. this year is really an “off year.” There is an election of a Governor in Mis- sissippi and a similar election in New Jersey. That is the sum total of guber- | natorial elections. A half dozen va- | cancies in the House are to be filled, and that is as far as elections of national interest go. However, there are also a numwber of State Legislature contests to be held which are not without na- tional significance. For example, the‘ | elections in New York State, where | Tammeny 15 engaged in an attempt to | upset the Republican control of the Assembly, hoping thereby to put an end | to the Legisiative Committee’s probe | into the activities of Tammany lead- | ers and Tammany appointees in New | York City. Mississippi, of course, will | elect a Democrat to succeed Gov. Bilbo. The New Jersey race, however, is giv- ing the Republicans a lot of concern and the Democrats a lot of hope. M The G. O. P. has nominated for Gov- ernor former Senator David Baird, jr., | who served in the Upper H@use for & | few months after Ambassador Walter Edge had resigned and until Dwight W. Morrow ccili take over the Sena- torial job. A few months ago it did not look as thiough the Republicans had a shpw in the gubernatorial elec- tion. The Democrats have nominated Harry Moore, former Governor and popular, With times hard and many men and women out of work, the pros- pects of Democratic victory looked bright, and the Democrats still insist they are going to carry the State handily on November 3, “election day. The Republicans lately have been perk- | {ing up & bit in Jersey and are insisting that Baird, after all, has a chancc, They are working desperately to get their voters to came out, knowing that there are more Repubiicans than Dem- ocrats in the State. In off years, how- ever. the Republican voters have shown comparatively little interest in State- wide elections. It seems to take a! national election to get them warmed | up enough to go to the polls. This| year many of the Republicans are in ! a sullen frame of mind and may not | bother to vote, even if they do not go the length of skipping over the Dem- ocratic side of the fence. * ok ok * It has been announced from Albany that Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday night will speak over the radio in vigorous defense of the proposed reforestation amendment to the State constitution. This is the amencment which former Gov. Al Smith so vigorously attacked in his Tammany Hall speech a week ago. Apparently Gov. Roosevelt has accepted the gage thrown down by Al Smith in this mat- ter. Smith said during his address in Tammany Hall he intended to speak further about the reforestation amend- ment. It looks as though these two outstanding figures in the Democratic party may be hooked up in a debate of this amendment during the re- mainder of the campaign this Fall. It seems a strange issue for the Governor and the former Governor to fall out over, after being fast friends for years. If Gov. Smith is bent on preventing the nomination for President of his ol friend, Gov. Roosevelt, this may prove as good a pretext for a split as another. v’!;h:kulk r:xméis ol: unltx)‘n of Smith, alker and Curry strength to prevent Gov. Roosevelt’s having a m':]umy. even, of the New York delegation to the next Democratic National Conven. tion. If Gov. Smith lends himself to such a plan, however, it does not look as though he could possibly win thé nomination again himself. And further, if it were broadcast over the country that such a combination, including ‘Tammany leaders, was aimed at Roose- velt, it would probably strengthen him more than ever with the voters in other States. There might be an élément of danger, however. to the Roosevelt can- didacy if the New York organization could make it appear he would not be strong enough to carry New York State in the general election in 1932, EEE Gov. Gifferd Pinchot of Pénnsyl- vania blew into Washington Tuesday and rushed up to the Capitol to confer with & number of Progressive Republi- | names of individual farmers will serve can Senators. One of them was Brook- hart of Yowa. Mr. Brookhart declined to say what was the subject ¢f the conference between himself and ?ov. Pinchot, leaving the implication that it hed something to do with the aspirations of the Pennsylvania Gov- ernor tb win the Republican nomination for President against President Hoover. Gov. Pinchot the last few months, delivering a speech in Sedalia, Mo, attacki the km Board and the Hoover admini generally. He has been invited to make addresses in other Western States. Ac- cording to Senator Brookhart, Pinchot would be eapablé of cpffyin, the presi- dential primaries in many of the West- eérn Statés if he went into them next vear. In scme querters the opthion evails that Pinchot is romg out after the Republican senatorial ncmination next year, when Séndtor James J. Davis has to fun for rénomindtion and re- élection. Goy. Pinchot has beén among those who beliéve that the Pedeh,lmguv ment ld do a llrfi part_in matter mm for unémploye #nd the during the pré period of depression. It is understood that he went into this matter quite thoroughly with some of the bs- sive Se&netors, whose!nniltu;i:t;leupbeen much same as that ol enn- sylvania Govétnor. It 1§ dn attitude which has been resisted strongly by President Hoover, who demands volun- al d State organi: E‘Ig&"}&" £ele sttt tran 4 Peberal been active during | important | g‘l?unna iniereasé the buying b ,Wbm,hhmmm ‘What s quéstion? Whatéver 1t be.\lflm'nbei for légal, Theical or fiaancial sévies, 1 wills b without cost to ou Q. When will the chesé game be played between Ex-champion Jose Cap- ablanca and Dr. Alexandré Alékhine, vrm champion cche ?—F. K. . e that the negotiations for & éblmm ship muflrn chess bétweén Dr. - hine and Mr. Capablanca havé not beén concludéd, &nid the likelihood is it the, maich ‘Wil not t4ve Piace bedore 1932. . What salaries do thé c-ginet members and_Unitéd Senators recétve?—R. H. L. The t' of A thé United States recefves $75,000 a year, Vice President $15,000, Cabinet _mémbers $15, éach, Senators $10,000, Repre- mnhtlz? $10,000 and Spesker of the House of Representatives $15,000. Q. When was Reno, Nev,, settled?— H. D. A. It was settled in 1858 by Eastern emigrants who had started for Osh- fornia, It was incorporated in 1869 and chartéréd as a city in 1901. Q. Why is tobacco sold in Francé in so few places?—C. R. A. Tobacco is a government monop- oly, and is sold in certain licensed cafes. Such licenses are allotted to ex- service men only. They, however, may sell them. Q. What States have adoptéd State birds?—B. S. A. While few States have adopted certain birds officially, the following birds are identified with particular sn{f Alabama, flicker; Cslifornia, California quail; District of Columbia, wood thrush; Florida, mockingbird; QGeorgia, brown thrzasher; Illinols, car- dinal; Kansas, Western meadowlark; Kentucky, cardinal; Louisiana, brown pelican; Maine, chickadee; Maryland, Baltimore oriole; Michigan, robin; Mis- sourl, bluebird; Nebraska, Western meadowlark; Oregon, Western meadow- lark; Texas, mockingbird; Virginia, Wbm: ‘Wisconsin, robin, and Wyoming, estérn meadowlark. tates Q. How are fingerprints made plain enough to photograph?—G. M. G. A. When finger impressions are not very clear they are dusted with powder —graphite if they are on a light sur- face or a white powder if they are on a dark surface. This brings out the impressions so that they may be photo- graphed. Q. How are icebergs. formed?—S. H. A. Glaciets move slowly to the sea shcre. Tke ends cf them are forced into the ocean. From time to time | pleces break off and float away. These | bieces are called icebergs. 1 Q. Please explain how the husband of l'émpreas Eugenie became emperor.— | M. A. Napoleon IIT was born in Paris | April 20, 1808. He was the son of Louis | Bonaparte and Queen Hortense. By a conspiracy at Strasbourg on October 30, 1836, he was declared the emperor. He was arrested and sent without trial to the United States. He returned to Switzerland in 1837. In 1848 he was elected prince president of the French republic. For a time the greatest har- mony seemed to be established, but gradually it was seen that a crisis was approaching, and an empiré was re- established in Louis Naj n in 1851. :gx 1':54" Nlp::eo;‘l. ltx;l conjutiction ‘vvm.h ngland, enter e ar, On December. 4 mmmf'm Ci Legislatif proclaimed a republic and the llétin says | the Wfln of the emperor,. then ying at the Camden House, Chisel- hurst, England. He remained there until his death, in 1873. Q. What became of the pistols used in the historic duel between Stephen Decatur and Commodore Barron?— M. M. A. At the termination of the duel the pistols used by both parties were taken possession of by Capt. Jesse D. Elliott, U. 8. N, who had acted as second for Barron. He retained them until his in 1845, when they came into of the late Gen. W. L. Elliott of San Francisco, by whom, it is b , they were owned in 1864, which is the last definite record the iser on arms of the Milwaukee Pub- Museum has of them. ‘Who first discovered that coal tar bé utilized?—B. T. Sir Willlam Henry Parkin, a fa- iglish chemist. His discovery t aniline color, in 1858, laid thé foundation for a great chemical industry. coul A. Q. What is it that makes a silver dollar worth a gold dollar in American money?—H. W. A. 1t is what is called “the image #nd superscripture”; that is, the name of the United Statés and the exclusive design. Congress passed an act au- thorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to _maintain the parity of all money with gold. Q. What is considered the best story gmt Rudyard Kipling has written?— L. A. Latitude must be left for indi- vidual taste, but “The Man Who Would Be King” is, considering matter and tredtment, ranked first. Q. Who is Toscanelli, who is men- tioned in connection with early Ameri- can history?—M. E. D. A. Paolo Toscanelli Dal Pozo, Italian géographer, was born in Florence, Italy, 1397, and died there in 1462. He be- Heved that India could be reached by sailing to the westward, and so ad- viséd Columbus in 1474. He also gave the King of Portugal similar views. It is thought he strengthened the purpose of the great navigator to undertake the ‘Western voyage. Q. Please give a brief outline of the ’hhumry of the Statue of Liberty.—A. A. The statue was the conception of Bartholdi, who designed it for the Franco-American Union in 1874. It was financed in France by popular sub- scription. It took more than five years to make. The pelestal was financed by popular subscription in America, and was finished in 1886 on Bedloes Island. The statue was firmly bolted to the ;‘;’nleo’%edatal and dedicated October Q. Did Turkev at any time belong to urcpe?—A. J. M. A. The confines of Turkey, or the Ottoman empire, have changed mal times. It ras for centuries includs country that is in Eurcpe as well as Asia, and at times has extenced into Africa. Q. Does New Yi City pension its ex-mayors?—R. S.-K. A. It does not. For many years it has followed the practice of erecting two street lamp posts directly before the front door of an ex-mayor's house. The residence of modern mayors in apartment houses and hotels has inter- rupted this practice, but it doubtless would be resumed in the case of any mayor occupying an independent house. Q. What proportion of Iceland could support life?—A. S. A. Not more than one-fourth of Ice- land is inhabitable. The rest of the country is composed of elevated deserts, lava streams and glaciers. It was for this reason undoubtedly that the land was called Iceland. Reduced Acrea Much is expected in cotton-growing | States from the co-operation of South- ern bankers, the American Cotton Co- cperative Association and the Federal Farm Board in a plan for holding cot- ton off the market and in the hands of the farmers. It is- pointed out, how- ever, that the succ of this move- ment must be dependent ofi reduetion of acreage. tension of crédits is em- phasized as the feature of the projec “Whatever success the co-operatively supported holding movement obtains keeping any considerable gumber bf bales bff the markét.” according to the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, “will have | a double effect. Not only will the actual holding afferd a check to the runaway buyers' market, but the exist- ence of the cotton in warehouses in the to hold down still furthef the acreage which these farmers will plant neéxt year Regardless of whether various statutory attempts to reduce the acre- age may have effect or prove fruitless in themselves, the prospect is that the greatest year-to-year cut in cotton pro- ductfon ever recorded will take place next year. It is to the interest of the | South, and to all the interests of the South, to retain as much as possible of the price gain which this reduction cer- tainly will produce.” 8§ ‘Belleving that if this campaign should succeed “a great deal might be ex- | pected of the acreage reduction move- ment,” the San Antonio Evening News sees an opportunity to “keep the 1931 crop temporarily off an unwmmfi:::- ket.” The Columbia (S. C) d points out that the proposal “to car 7,000,000 bales of the country's markel breaking 16,000,000-bale crop over until next July has obvious virtues,” in that “it offers a means of attaining orderly marketing in an hour heretofore dis- | tinguished only for hysteria, and makes it possible that the grower and not the speculator shall be the beneficiary of price increases, if any.” Adding that “another year's grace on cotton debts will do no good unless it means dlso that_cotton production is decreased,” the Record toncludes: “To make the proposed credit extension contingent u inding contracts with the farmérs to reducé their production next yéear in m‘apoglen to tg; number of bales Held over the refinancing plan would something more than a temgordl es- ture. It would be & long &he lcdl step toward the elimination of tl:i cArry-ovér surplus, and it i$ eddy | attainment.” * * % % “If the 1932 crop is not held down to © i mum, mex?wm be & r!cur'rTn & ol 32.? same difficulty that 18 belng_’,.ix- pefiénced this year,” advises thé Téx- arkana Gazette, while the Dallas Jour- nal, holding that the plan “is the most it and most promising holding movement yet attempted,” adds_ that “the éffectivéness will be g aeter- m by the planting year. ‘The Charlotte Observer contends: “The only possible influences that could boost the price materially would be a sub- stantial reduction of the present or Prospective supply of cotton and im- Ftove éfit in general business condi- ns A2 | Wi t wotlld put more money into power \crease thas ices have reached the "‘ é’ lestoi (§. C.) l"v:ninl o: M 'fi bé some increase in , offi usérs and speculators. t;‘ by planters unable and unwilling to risk another year of 5 and 6 cent cot- world conditions improve and the de- mand broadens, which it must to edre rflcel_ will rise still higher, Eventually hé cotton situatior others, will be circul#tion, givé employment to the un- E m% eicpm"a statement ture: “There is cer- this is followed by heavy curtailm ton, prices will unquestionably rise. for even minimum replacement nééds, mfi% ot will riot [ Hiiie of day 6k Jhé copées toke Bouia ge Demanded As Part of New Cotton Plan ern Legislatures have been cutting re- cently or may cut in the future.” * x ok “Through the patriotism and energy of the Southern bankers and farmers,” says the Houston Chronicle, “the prob- lem of the cotton surplus seems on its way to solution. Tre farm leaders, ided to some extent by the various islatures, have made possible the op- portunity for action by providing for a future cut in production. The Southern bankers will furnish the necessary ac- tion to give relief at the present time. A large part of the surplus will be ef- fectually eliminated now rather than two or three years hence. Southern farmers consequently have gooi reason to expect a better price for what they produce this year and next vear.” “The cotton market,” observes the Columbi (§. C.) State. “has been ahnwfl?' ability to respond promptly to news favorably affecting business senti- ment, such as word from New Orleans of 17.000,000-bale hold-off until next July. Commodity markets generally de- veloped a more confident tone during the first half of the month as a result of the several plans to promote finan- cial stability.” e Movies for Children Producers’ Problem From the Atlanta Journal. Motion picture producers have en- countered & unique ‘problem which miight be termed educational, but which is chiefly promotional. They must win and maintain the interest of children in the films. This is called, in any undertdking, “building for the future,” and in so far as the cinema is con- cerned, it means the creation of a “theater habit.” The problem is un- precedented for the simple reason that the children of a generation ago were drawn to theé pictures by that most powerful of juvenile magnets, the “West- ern” Silent films had to be fairly simple, d their appeal was in the Beginning mdinly pictorial. Any child could understand the thrill of cowboys Indians, because the cowboys wote boys Stits and the Indians wore Indian suits. The cowboys al- ways sot to trouble, and the Indians 1wi outhumbered them five or six to . But the gallant band would the énémy at bay until reinforce- ménts thundered up in the form either of more cowboys or of a lucky cetach- ment of United States Cavalry from the nearby fort. Briefly, at the end of the icture, some specidal cowboy might em- gnce politely some special maiden, but that sort romance was strictly sub- ordinate to the swift portrayal of ad- venture—sheer and breath-taking But pictures have changed all of that. Stories have become more and more sophisticated, until the problem of what to show at children’s matinees has become pressing indeed. Frequent- ly the children are bored. They want sta; g feats of courage and marks- manship, not subtle dramas of modern society. The pictures made with child actors are usually more appealing to grown-ups than to children, and they are not numerous enough, in any event, to fill a juvenile program. Producers do not think that children form an im- portant enough proportion of their audience to make pictures esmcul]y for their delight, but they may have to do t | that. Perhapr they will return to some of the more naive Western types of films, and if they do, they may be hed at the number of adults who thém. The appeal of adventure emibraces all ages #nd stations, though producérs séem to have forgotten this. And all ages can become bored with “smart” films, unless the fare is