Evening Star Newspaper, September 12, 1931, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MATURDAY. .September 13, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Compary B Peniyivants Ave New ork OMce: 110 East and 8t hicago Office: Lake Michigan Butldin Slropean Offce 14 Regent M., Londo 1 Eni Rate by Carrier Within the City. 5c per month . 80c per month 5 Yflit per month 4 £ ‘cach month. Orders nny 'be semt in by mail o telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virgini Daily and Sunday.....13r. 81 vy |y . $6.00; 1 mo. Bindasony 13E 3406 1 mos 40 All Other States and Canada. y ..1yr.,$12.00: 1 mo.. 81, Daily and Sulnflu vx}a‘xgzflg L mo. '8¢ Blndayonty T 3800: 1mo. s0c Member of the Associated Press. e Associated Press s exclusively er titled 1o the e Gor ‘republication of all news dis- Ppatches credited to it or mot otherwise crx fied in 1his paper and also the local news published herein. ~ All rights of publiztion of oecial dispatches herein are also reserved. e Evening ai i (when 4 Sundavs) it Evening and Sunday Six Bundays) .. The World Court Drive. Opponents of the entry of the United States into the World Court as a mem- ber nation will find little to encourage them in their promised resistance. The ‘World Court is more and more recog- nized as the only international tribunal that has been set up which can effec- tively substitute peaceful measures of settling international disputes for war. And more and more, as the realization grows in this country that the busi- ness depression and serious economic gituation now gripping the world are the direct outgrowth of the World War, the opposition to the adherence of the United States to the World Court has been weakened. Two great organiza- tions, one of American farmers and the other of American labor, have come out directly in support of American entry into the court under the terms of the so-called Root formula, designed to safeguard the interests of the United States, in place of the Senate reserva- tions attached to ratification of the protocol of adherence about four years ago. The Senate of the United States, unless President Hoover should abandon plans for placing the matter squarely before the Senate and demanding action, will have the World Court issue up for consideration at the coming session. Opponents of the court in the Senate and out have hoped that because adher- ence was advocated by the Hoover ad- ministration they would be able to rally the anti-administrationists against the proposal. But this hope is idle. In the first place, most of the Democrats in the Senate have been strong supporters of American entry into the court. Sen- etor Swanson of Virginia, Tanking Democratic member oi the Foreign Re- lations Committee and author of the Senate Teservations adopted when the protocol of adherence was first before that body, has given the opinion that the Root formula is satisfactory and many of his Democratic colleagues have followed suit. The old irreconcilables of the Senate who fought the entry of this country into the League of Nations and then the entry into the World Court have dwindled in number. With the Ameri- can Federation of Labor and the Na- tional Grange now aligning themselves in support of the entry of the United States Into the World Court, under the Root formula as a subsitute for tie Senate reservations, the ranks of the opposition in the Senate may be found dwindling still further. The Senate is not without its sensitiveness to the pop- ular demand, especially in a year when senatorial and national elections are under way. ‘The Root formula, so called, devised by Elihu Root in the revision of the statutes of the World Court, undertakes to make it possible for the United States to be fully safeguarded in the matter of “advisory opinlons” granted by the court when American interests are involved It is a substitute for the Senate reservation dealing with ad- Visory opinions, which became the stum- bling block to final entrance of this country into the court as s member nation. since the other nations were' not. willing to subscribe to the reser- vation. e All humanity professes to desire per- fect peace. At the same time there are few individuals who do mnot read the report of a heavyweight battle as the next best thing to a ringside seat. Gandhi in London. Great Britain's politico-financial wicissitudes, with which the new na- tional government and Parliament are about to grapple, are not going to mo- mopolize the front pages from now on, for Gandhi is about to descend upon London town. He is due to arrive today for next month's epoch-mak- ing round table on India. Every advance indication points to the cer- tainty that the spotlight will be turned upon his frail figure, and kept there, from the moment of his arrival until the end of the conference. The Mahatma, from now till further notice, 4= the man of the hour in John Bull's itland. Gandhi, in the course of statements during his journey from the East, has registered consistent pessimism as to the outcome of the round table, %0 far as the probability of results satisfactory to Indian nationalism are concerned. At the same time, the Mahatma reflects a determination to fight for his ideals with all the resources at his command. At Aden, ten days ago, Gandhl outlined the utopien pro- gram which he intends espousing in London. Atdressing a fervid gathering of his adherents, he sald: I shall strive for a constitution that will release India from all thralldom and patronage. I shall work for an -India in which the poorest shall feel it is their country, in whose mal have an effective “oife, an Ine in srhisk sitere shall be no high class and £0 low class of le; an India in which all communities shall live in per- fect harmony. There can be no Phoe in such an India for the curse of untouchability or the curse of intoxicating drinl or drugs. Women will enjoy the same rights as men. Since we shall be at peace with all the rest of the world, neither exploiting nor being exploited, we should have ghe smallest army im- aginable. il laconie § f the millions will scrupu- mflg (r’elpecua. whether foreign or int nous. Personally, I hate the dis- tinction between foreign and indigenous. It is the India of my dreams for which I shall struggle at the next round table conference. I may fail, but if I am to deserve the confidence of the Congress, my principals, I shall be satis- fied with nothing less. It is, of course, wholly beyond all practical possibilities that Gandhi should attain any considerable portion of his independence demands. ‘“Modi- fled dominion status” is at present the British government’s maximum. The disappearance of a Labor ministry is a blow to the Indian Nationalists’ hopes. From a Conservative government headed by a Stanley Baldwin, or sub- Ject to Tory influence, there is slender hope that Gandhi and his Hindu sup- porters can expect concessions which they might far more trustingly Have anticipated at the hands of an imperial cabinet dominated by Ramsay Mac- Donald. — e Doherty's Gift. When Dr. Roy V. Wright, president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, sald it was up to the en- gineers and scientists to solve the in- dustrial depression, since they caused it by the invention of labor-saving devices. he said a whole lot, in the opinion of that public utilities magnate, Henry L. Doherty. Mr. Doherty, either because he has faith in the engineers or be- cause he desired to call their bluff, immediately offered the society of which Dr. Wright is presidenc a half million dollars to solve the riddle of the present depression and work out methods of remedying it. To the layman it may be something of a puzzle to dgtermine whether the invention of machinery, including labor- saving devices, has eliminated or created more jobs. Probably the automobile may properly be set down as & labor- | saving device. Certainly it has made transportation and construction much simpler and quicker. The invention of the automobile not only set thousdnds 1 of mechanics to work building cars and trucks and tractors, but it has provided work for even more thousands in the manning of gas stations, garages, repair {shops and the like. It is true that the inventions of the scientists and the engineers have made mass production possible, and have speeded up the completion of all kinds of jobs, from the manufacture of a pair of shoes to the construction of a skyscraper. But there were not so many shoes worn nor so many lall; buildings constructed before these in- ventions. Furthermore, the invention of these labor-saving devices has made for shorter hours for labor. An !lght-i hour day for the worker is the rule, where in the old days it was a ten and even twelve hour day. If all the inventions of labor-saving | devices were suddenly wiped out, would men and women have jobs today? Would they be less hungry and better clad? The answer to such a query might be found in a consideration of conditions in China, where for years there has been a huge population, with recurrent famines, and deaths by the millions because of those famines and because of floods, and because of the in- ability to provide work for all the workers. Even labor-saving devices as America understands the meaning of h | face of life in China. chanical Engineers can use Mr. Doher- ty’s half million dollars to aid in solving the present difficulties of the United States and the world, the sooner the society gets to work on the problem the better. In a measure the whole strue- ture of activity of mankind may be considered a machine, The problem seems one of gearing the machine to a pitch which will keep all parts properly in motion. It is possible to throw a monkey wrench into any machine and jam the working of it, Speculation on a monster scale, the effort to make something out of nothing, to create false values, was the immediate monkey wrench which threw the machinery out of gear in this country in 1929. It seems doubtful that the Soclety of En- gineers will be able to guard against any such foolishness. Distribution and production have been thrown out of balance with consumption, Dr. Wright is quoted as saying. Undoubtedly that is true, but the cause of it goes beyond labor-saving devices. Furthermore, there must be a more even distribution of wealth if consumption on a large scale is to be regained. The limit of con- sumption on the part of an individual, no matter what his wealth, is an im- portant factor. g A winsome personality brings Jimmy Walker so many complimentary saluta- tions that he sometimes feels impelled to say a word about his contact with American affairs so as to give the people some suggestions as to what the ovation is all about. - ———— Metheds of producing corn and oil have changed greatly since ancient times. Yet both articles, with their variants, continue to be kept well for- ward in the perpetual unrest attending efforts at social adjustment. — e The Lost Airmen. Although all hope has not yet been abandoned, it looks very much as if the daring transpacific flyers, Don Moyle and C. A. Allen, have gone the way of other aviators who have failed on am- bitious overwater flights. They left Japan on Tuesday on their long pro- jected trip to the United States. It was to be a non-stop flight of forty- four hundred miles over ocean and land. Their plane was heavily loaded and, according to scme observers, was not mn the best of condition. They had permitted themselves only four hours’ leeway with their gasoline supply, esti- mating that forty-four hours would be sufficient for the flight. They carried no radlo. Nothing has been heard from them since the take-off, although ships have reported hearing a plane in the fog at various points. Despite the lapse of time since their departure, it is still possible that they may have landed on some desolate stretch where no communication to the outside world was at hand, or been picked up by a ship which carried no radio. There have been several notable escapes from almost certain death by flyers who have been forced down on land or sea. Consplcuous among them was that of Maj. Frederick L. Martin and Sergt. Alva I. Harvey, two of the the term have only scratched the sur-" It the American Society of Me-| THE EVENING 7 They crashed into the side 6f a moun- tain in Alaska and it was eleven days before they eould win their tortuous way back to civilization, where the news of their safety was flashed to the world. In 1919 Harry G. Hawker aud his navigator, Lieut. Comdr. McKenzle Grieve, started out from Newfoundland to fly the Atlantic. As soon as they were in the alr Hawker dropped his landing gear to lighten the plane. This act probably proved their salvation, although they did not realize it at the time. For six days they were missing and had been given up for lost by every one but Mrs. Hawker. On the seventh day the little Danish steamer Mary, beumg from New Orleans to Denmark, sighaled by means of flags to shore at the Butt of Lewis that the alrmen were safe and sound aboard. The British admiralty immediately sent out & destroyer to overtake the ship and Hawker and Grieve were returned to shore to recelve a tumultuous wel- come. 8o it may be that some such experi- ence has befallen Moyle and Allen. The whole world hopes 80, as men of their type are the ones who are ploneers in the interest of aviation. ———— ‘Well Done. Nearly & half million persons visited Mount Vernon during the year ended April 30 last, according to the annual report of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. w This shows a continued interest on the part of the people in this great | shrine. Not only did this imposing roster of visitors include Americans from every State, but practically every Nation in the world was represented. Under the efficlent management of the association, an unique organization, the upkeep of Mount Vernon rests in capable hands. Not only have the mansion and grounds been maintained in wonderful condition, as befits them, but an im- pressive addition has been made dur- ing the year to the collection of Wash- ington relics, documents and furniture which the estate holds. Nor is this all. During the year a tract of 157 acres, adjoining the Mount Vernon estate, was bequeathed to the association, this land being bisected by the memorial boulevard leading to the gate of the estate. In every way this shrine, so dear to the heart of the American people, is being maintained and improved, and those conversant with the work feel a debt of gratitude to the Mount Ver- non Ladies’ Association. The associa- tion has been true to its trust and de- | serves and recelves the grateful thanks | of the people. Differences of opinion have existed among grammarians as to whether +“politics” is a singular or a plural noun. Teachers now assembling their classes must be impressed by the vast variety in political opinion and be inclined to teach the pupil to say “politics are.” i | { ———— When Ramsay MacDonald finds former partisans lining up against him he is meeting with an experfence that | history has many times revealed. Poli- | tics has often been referred to as a |game. It is played pretty much the | same the world over. ——— Trustful admirers may be a little confused when they find & man so accurately informed on political details s Alfred E. Smith. Jeaving it to be in- ferred that he has no definite ideas as to his own prospects as a candidate, SHO o 23 O0TING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The September Locust. Look yere, Mistuh Hot-bug, heard enough f'um you, You's been a-hollern’ in June, July an’ August, too. Singin® in de sunshine an’ a-singin’ in de moon. It's time you give somebody else a chance to staht a tune. You's hypnotized de sun an’' got it under yoh control Till every time you gives de word he burns a ton o' coal. I tells you, Mistuh Hot-bug, 'way up yonder in de tree. You's due to git yoh notice dat you's singin’ off de key. Dat ol' thermometer is ‘shamed to look me in de eye; De mercury is dizzy f'um a-standin’ up so high; He say you got him hoodooed in a way dat isn't fair, An’ as long as you keep singin’ he mus’ keep a-roostin' there. I's pow'ful fond o’ music, but you's led me sech a dance I warns you dat it's time to give Miss Katydid & chance. You's wantin’ too much notice. you'll take & hint f'um me, You's done wore out yoh welcome, and you's singin’ off de key. we has 4 His Origiality. “You don't consider Mr. original?” “No,” answered Miss Cayenne. *The extent of his ~ 'tinality is his prejudice against quoting anything as the author wrote it.” Binx No Choice. “What do you consider the most pleasant month in the year?” “I haven't any choice,” said the dis- contented man. “Bills come due in all of them just about the same.” Her Preference. “My heart I'm laying at your feet.” He said with pathos nicely planned. Quoth she, “I think 'twould be more neat To have a diamond on my hand.” v Fallen Pride. “You say you took the concelt out of Priggins?” “Yes. Persuaded him to have his picture taken by a seaside photographer.” Nothing Important. “How do you know there is nothing important in this letter from my sister?” said she, “You haven't read it." “No,” answered he. “But I glanced over your shoulder and saw there was no postseript.” “By de time you's old enough,” said Uncle Eben, “to tell de diff'rence be- tween a broken heart an’ disappointed vanity, you's old enough to realize dat ts not in conflict with the Army round-the-world fiyers in 1924. it doesn’ make much diff'rence, nohow.” STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, THIS AND THAT , BY CHARLES E. We had the pleasure of waving out of town on Labor day the fine repre- sentation of the Arcadia Fire Company, which attended the firemen’s parade. We got quite a kick out of waving our hand at the tanned boys on the wagon, and recelving in turn their waves of farewell, as they went over the District line at sunset. It was a great day, a great parade, and the boys from Arcadia as fine any. We had never heard of Arcadi but it must be out in Maryldnd some- place. w’, that town has as shiny and red plece of apparatus as any city in the land affords, and those boys, varying in age from 20 to 60, or there- abouts, are as capable looking a crew as one would want to see. * kK x ‘There are few human beings who do not have a warm spot in their hearts for firemen. 3 ‘When you need them, you need them ad. And when they come roaring down the street, each man in his place, and all just rearing to go, they look to the anxious householder like veritable angels | in_disguise We can recall one young woman who | completely changed her ideas about fire- | men in a few minutes. | She happened to live in an uptown | block with an engine company. The boys, in their off moments, spent a good deal of time sitting in chairs, tilted back against the retaining wall which lined one side of the runway, Now it was only human, of course, that they should look at all the pretty girls who came by, and, perhaps, upon occasion, make passing comments upon | them. We all do. ! ‘The young lady in question happened | to be a very charming young woman, indeed, who would have attracted the | attention of any one. ¥ X * % It happened, however, that the daily | inspection by the fire fighters got on | th L v Bhiers 8ot O | they act quick. her nerves. She could not leave her home or come | back without those men gawking at her, she said. | One day, however, a fire occurred in the apartment bullding in which she resided. ‘The first she knew of it, here came the firemen, their helmets appearing first of all, as they swarmed up to the fire escape to get at the chimney, in which a fire had started. “I never minded them looking at me | after that,” she said afterward. “As a matter of fact, when I started to say ‘Good morning' to them, after that. they stopped staring at me, and said ‘Good morning’ as nice as you please.” And in that remark, of course, there is & lot of what some people today de- light in calling psychology, although after all it is nothing but good, honest, common sense, and may be applied to everybody as well as to firemen. * ok ok % Members of the Fire Department have everything on their side, in their relations with the public, it must be admitted. It must be added, at the same time, that they handle it exceedingly well. Everybody likes them, and is mighty glad to see them, when needed. As for the remainder of the time. they are right there on the job. waiting | for calls, and that assurance takes a big load off every one’s mind. This liking for the members of the | department begins, in most men's lives, with themselves as small boys. Every boy, at some time or other, Pinchot as Farm Advocat TRACEWELL. says he wants to w t be a grow up an, ‘There i an instinctive recognition of these jobs of action, as they might be called, these roles of fireman, police- man, motorman, conductor, to name the four most prominent, at least in the city. Action, and plenty of it, appeals to the lad, the man-to-be, who knows that all men ought to be, if possible, men of action. Men of action! Men of the Army, the Navy, the Ma- rine Corps! Men who sail planes, who drop with parachutes! ‘Who climb mountains, who explore Jungles! Every man in the world ought to be able to fight, to sail planes, to drop in parachutes, to climb mountains, to ex- plore jungles. Time and circumstance, however, the ancient inexorables, have combined to keep millions of persons away from those actions. Men become clerks, and writers, and business men, and postal employes, and theatrical people, and a hundred and on%:llher sorts, lelr endeavors as men of become strictly limited. i e e Down in the heart of every man, | however, if he possesses any red blood at all, lies a deep wish that he, too, might have somehow mangged to be & man of action. So he keeps an admiration in his h::l't and mind for the fellows who are. Hencewwe have a world-wide worsh of Lindbergh. And it is the slmg streak in us which makes us like fire- men. Firemen are essentially men of ac- tion. “Action” is their middle name. They have to be ready for possible action at all times: And when they act—well, they must act quick, and no | mistake about it. Notice we do not say quickly, but quick. When firemen act, ey do not act quickly, somehow, but “Quick” is another of their middle nam * ok ox % ‘The two earliest photographs which we can recall taking with an ancient box camera were of the polar bear at the Zoo and of No. 9 engine coming out of the statfon door on U street when we were a small boy. There were bars across the bear, made by the reflection of the cage by the sun, but there were no marks on the picture of the engine. It wasedrawn by horses, in those days, and the ancient snapshot shows the big hosses prancing for the turn Jjust as they came to the street. Many of us old-timers were in- clined. at first, to think that some of the romance would go out of the fire- fighting business when the dashing steeds were taken out of harness and parked away in pastures. Yes, there was a romance then, to be sure. but time is everything in fight- ing a fire, and when the gasoline en- gines got on their feet, as it were, the fire departments of the land were quick to take advaniage of them. Speed. and more speed, was the need, for every second, even, is precious in getting to a fire. It makes one happy to say, after having seen that splendid parade and waved the Arcadia Company out of town. that not one whit of romance, or thrill. has gone out of it all. The fireman still has the most thrill- ing role of any public servant, and shares with the postman the heartiest welcome of the general public. € Is Pla(:gd Among Candidates Part of the pul holds that Gov. Pinchot of Pennsy Al nia was meking a | bid for the Western vote when he told 2 gathering of Missour! people that the | farmer was “the orphan child of American politics.” His attack upon the Farm Board as a “lemon” is de- bated, and his words favorable to the equalization fee are made a subject of comment. There is some agreement with his belisf that the middleman is a factor in prices. Declaring that Gov. Pinchot “is now | advertising himself as a presidential lightning rod,” and holding that the Farm Board, “for all the criticism loaded on its back, has done some use- ful things,” the San Francisco Chronicle advises that “it should not be forgotten that the farmers themselves insisted on this ‘lemon,’” that they “handed it to themselves” and that they ‘“‘demanded that Government do the impossible.” The Chronicle emphasizes the fact that the board “has not stopped the farmers from raising too much wheat, cotton, grapes and other commodities which go to make up the agricultural surplus.” % e Finding that the Governor's “indorse- ment of debenture and equalization fee as measures for farm relief” have been made the basis for “volley wfter volley of verbal onslaughts calculated to in- | jure him in the eyes of those who be lieve that the methods proposed are ‘worse than none,” the Harrisburg Tele- graph declares: “They have overlooked Mr. Pinchot’s main proposal—which is | that labor and agriculture must unite for mutual protection and assistance.” That paper continues: “Unquestion- ably, if the organized workers of the country were to join with the organized | farmers in support of & mutually help- ful program, they would become at once a force which would have to be recog- pizad. But it never has been done— and there is no present outlook for such a union of interests. As for voting in unison, why there is not now a united farm vote or & united labor vote. There | never has been. 1t is difficult to believe there ever will be. Certainly there is no sign of such a movement now. Just the same, that is the crux of the Gov- ernor’s speech—the meat of the coco- | nut, and if he should make himself the center of such a movement he would become at once an even larger national figure than he now is. With the Gov- ernor’s charge of too large a share of farm profits for the middleman there | can be no debate. The Governor is right. The spread between the price the farmer receives and the cost to the consumer is unjustly. large. Here Mr. Pinchot is on safe ground. The Portland Oregon Journal calls the Governor's address “a powerful bid for the Republican nomination for the presidency in 1932,” although “it may not have been so intended,” and de- clares that “it has a melody and tone that will make it delightful music to millions of Gov. Pinchot's country- men.” ‘The Journal further asserts, “In his own Pennsylvania, Mr. Pinchot defled the ring politicians and all the big shots of his party in the latest election and was elected Governor in spite of them and their propaganda and their support of the Democratic candidate. His loyalty to the Ameri- can masses and his leadership in their behalf has been tested in the crucibles of scores of political battles.” % 3% “In consigning the farmer to po- litical orphanage,” contends the South Bend Tribune, “Gov. Pinchot ignored litical and legislative trends in the ast 50. years. The United States De- partment of Agriculture is functioning so diligently that the taxpayers cannot forget it. The agricultural tariff rates were recently jacked up so high that at least one of the neighbors is re- vealing _embarrassment and - resent- ment. The Federal Farm Board is spending $500,000,000 and is expected to request more. For the last 10 years Congress has devoted more time to' sgricultural discussions _and made larger appropriations for Federal agri- cultural ventures than it has to dis- cussions of and appropriations for any 10 other American industries that Gov. Pinchot may name. If agriculture is a ‘political orphan’ the dictionaries off erroneous interpretations of ‘orphai | Worcester Telegram avers that | down just for the farmer. As to the equalization fee or the export debenture, the Wheeling Intel- ligencer is convinced that Mr. Pinchot is offering a remedy no better than the stabilization purchases he con- demns”; that “in either event public money is used, directly or indirectly, to aid private business by sartificial stimulus,” and that “by whatever name it is known, such & practice is ob- noxious and doomed to failure.” The ‘in one Tespect, Mr. Pinchot deserves credit.” in that “he frankly refers to the equalization fee as a ‘price-raising de- vice’ and thereby admits that the con- sumers would really bear the cost.” Mr. Pinchot's speech is apt to at- tract attention because of its possible political significance rather than for the soundness of its philosophy.” 1 the judgment of the Scranton Times, Which comments on his remedies: “Our thought is not that the farmer is not deserving of relief and in some cases his demands are rightful ones, but that the country shouldn't be turned upside- At the present time the number of city dwell- | ers is much larger than the number of ruralites.. Some may laugh at the idea of the Governor of Pennsylvania iving advice to Western farmers, et nnsylvania is a bigger agricultural State than most people imegine. Not only are we pre-emingnt as & manu- facturing commonwealth, but a sur- prisingly large quantity of farm prod- jucts is raised within Pennsylvania's | borders. While the problem. of our farmers is somewhat different from that of the agriculturists of the Middle West, there is for oll that a common interest between the farmer folks of both sections.” Attorney Persuades Client to Plead Guilty From the Worcester Dally Telegram.. The newspaper men in the Brooklyn court room, employing an unwonted economy of language, referred to the affair, in their storles, as novel. The Judge, listening to what the lawyer for the defense was saying, was surprised and admitted it. Well he might be sur- prised, for the lawyer for the defense was saying that, though his client, ac- cused of participating in a hold-up, was practically certain of acquittal inasmuch as there was little if any evidence of his guilt, he was nevertheless pleading guilty. The prisoner, a youth of 18, d his mother appeared to be in com- plete accord with the lawyer’s stand. A few days ago a Federal judge from Kansas, Richard J. Hopkins, visiting in New York and presiding at the trial of the notorious Jack “Legs” Diamond, ex- patiated on the duty of a lawyer to plead a client guilty when sure of the client’s guilt. His views aroused a great deal of comment. There was a time, if the biographies of long-dead notable lawyers are to be believed, when lawyers did that, some lawyers at any rate. We have all read of attorneys whose very appearance for the defense was a pretty good indication to both judge and jury that the defendant was innocent. If there are such lawyers today, they re- main too modestly in the:background. ‘The Brooklyn lawyer, explaining his client’s plea of guilty, had this to say among several things: “A sense of duty prompts me to enter a- plea of guilty, as I am satisfied that he is guilty and that punishment of him would be for the best interests of soclety and him- self. An acquittal in this case might bring him to believe he could evade the law and would be an encouragement to him for living a life of crime.” ‘The wisdom of those two sentences is incontrovertible. They are the words of a social-minded thinker whose rather ‘homely name—Jacob Brenner—deserves all honor. His plea should be heard round -the world of American law. e Getting Rid of Canvassers, Prom the Roanoke Times. A soft answer may turn away wrath, but it won't get rid of a house-to- canvasser. SEPTEMBER 12, 1931. THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover “Women have risen to greater heights of achlevement as actresses than in any other art” So. juiges Rosamond Gilder, and expresses hves opinion in the preface of her book, “Enter the Actress.” In the Greek and later the Roman mythology goddesses and minor feminine mm}\m;lbplsye?‘d mni{hd:;; matic parts. an wi Muses and Bacchus witn the Maenads. Fifth-century _ Greek vases show Maenads in flowing draperies - forming dramatic dances. In all the forms of dramatic expression which de- veloped into the Greek classic theater, women took active part with men. Yet the later officlal Greek theater closed its doors to woman actors. Rome fol- lowed the example of Greece and ex- cluded women from the serious stage, but there were many woman panto- mimists, who even impersonated men. The first woman playwright belonged to the tenth century and was a German nun of the Benedictine order, Hrots- vitha of Gandersheim, who wrote six plays which are dramatizations of pious legends. “The plays of Hrots- vitha, after long years of neglect, have recently been studied with great in- terest and attention, and have even been acted in English both in London and New York with varying degrees of artistic success.” But, with the excep- tion of Hrotsvitha, the Middle Ages were as “dark” as ;enrfis the theater as in other ways and gave no more op- portunity to women _than had the classic theaters of Greece and Rome. O The Renalssance, with its liberality of thought, did not throw open the dramatic art to women, perhaps be- cause of its preoccupation with classical tradition and its aim to reproduce as exactly as possible the arts of Greece and Rome. Women probably “made their initial appearance as actresses in the compary of Andrea Beolco, known as Il Ruzzante. the first Italian writer of genuine folk-comedy. With Ruzzante and his zestful, earthy dialect plays. produced between 1320 and 1542, and performed, as many authorities belleve, by women, real feminine characters begin to emerge from the Latinate penumbra of the pseudo-classic plays. From this time women became morc and more frequent on the stage. The first professional actress of whom there is definite record was Flaminia, a Roman girl, who had achieved success as early as 1565. Her contempora sometimes her rival, sometimes he: colleague, was Vincenza Armani, who died young, probably from poisoning. The first actress whose distinction ex- tended over the European stage Was Isabella Andreini, born in 1562, who contributed to stage characters the beautiful, vivacious, loving and virtuous heroine, who thereafter became typical Among pioneer French actresses were Marfe Falret, acting in 154 M!!e. Laporte. Mlle. Le Noir, Mlle. La Vil- liers, Mile. Baupre and Mlle. chateau All except the first two of these acted in the plays of Corneille, Racine and Moliere. * ok ok % “Like Eve in the Garden of Eden. the first English actress was a breaker of the law.” She made her appearance, in violation of custom, prejudice and legal prohibition, during the perfod when Puritan fanaticism almost completely suppressed the stage. Ianthe made her debut at Rutland House, London, in 1656. Ianthe belonged both to the Puritan and Restoration periods. Other famous Restoration actresses were Margaret Hughes, Ann Marshall, Mary Saunderson Betterton, Nell Gwyn and Peg Hughes. Foremost as an actress was Mary Betterton: most notorious Nell Gwyn, his majesty’s mistress. Mrs. Betterton won her chief fame as an interpreter of Shakespeare and was the first woman to act in “The Tem- pest.” “Measure for Measure,” “Much Ado,” “Twelfth Night,” “King Lear.” and “Macbeth.” Between 1661 and 1694 she acted in 60 different roles. by actual record. She outlived most of her contemporaries and made her last bow in Dryden’s “Love Triumphant,” at the Theater Royal, Drury Lane, in 1693. ‘The later chapters of “Enter the Ac- tress” contain material more generally familiar, concerning actresses of late periods, when the pioneer era was pa: Yet the book does not extend down the present day, nor even to the twentleth century. In these days the profession has become too crowded, | with greater and lesser stars and with | tinsel stars, for any book save an encyclopedia to cover its feminine representatives. “Enter the Actress” is a study of beginnings and evolution. * % ox o* Thomas Mann, whose “Sketch of My | Life” has just been translated into | English by H. T. Lowe-Porter, is prob- ably the foremost German novelist to- day. He won the Nobel prize for lit- erature for 1929, probably en the strength of his two novels, “Budden- brooks” and “The Magic Mountain.” His father was a Senator of the free city of Lubeck and belonged to an old merchant family, the prototype of the Buddenbrook family of Mann's mnovel. His mother was the daughter of a Ger- man planter, settled in Brazil, and his Creole wife. Mann was born in Lubeck in 1875, and there lived and attended school until he was 19. His father had then died. and he and his mother moved Munich, where he first tried work in’ a fire insurance office, then editorial work on Simplicissimus. He soon began writing stories, and “Bud- denbrooks” was published when he was only 26. It is largely autobiographical, of the family novel type, and follows the fortunes, steadily declining, of a merchant family of Lubeck through four generations. “The Magic Moun- tain,” published in 1924, has its locale in a sanitarium for tubercular patients at Davos-Platz, Switzerland. The story shows how bodily disease, long con- tinued, gradually alters the mind, until the whole personality and the outlook on life are changed. The passing events, which end with the World War, are viewed through the distorted vision of the Davos-Platz patients. It is a depressing book, but fascinating in its morbid power. In the “Sketch of My Life” Mann tells of the Nobel prize award, and says: “It lay, I suppose, upon my path in life” One feels that he would accept misfortune in the same fatalistic spirit. He lives, with his wife and six children, in a suburb of Mu- nich. He loves a quiet life, but is a hard worker. At present he s at work on a historical and symbolical novel to be called “Jacob and His Sons,” deal- ing with the destiny of the Hebrews. To gather local color he has recently traveled in Egypt and Palestine, * % % Wiila Cather has arrived at the dis- tinction of being analyzed in ecritical volumes, “Willa Cather,” by Rene Ra- pin, is in the Modern American Writers Series. ‘The judgements expressed about Willa Cather’s novels are at vari- ance with those of many readers. For example, “My Antonia,” usually con- sidered her best, is placed below “O Pioneers,” which is more of a sketch than mplete novel. M. Rapin con- siders “Death Comes for the Arch- bishop” her best novel, and, remem- bering its charm and subtle atmosphere of the Southwest, one is almost inclined to agree with him. ¥e devotes a whole chapter to ‘“The Song of the Lark.” which, in its consistent development of an original genius-character and its in- tense realism, the Booklover considers her best novel. M. Rapin concludes that Willa Cather “leaves us in no doubt as to what she thinks of the growing cult of mechanism, prohibi- tion, sterilization and xenophobia grad- ually spreading over ica and alter- ing the face of even Her beloved West.” * ok %k In his book “The Way to Recovery,” Sir George Paish discards many sug gested remedies for the world-wide business depression and suggests a few of his own. He thinks the chief causes of the depression are the reparations and interallied war debts, a the fact that each nation is greedily pur- suing its own ends without interna- tional co-operation. He believes that | ‘house the world gold supply is sufficient, that a moratorium is only a palliative if ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS #§ BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Stop 2 minute and think about this fact. You can ask our Information Bu- regu any question of fact and get the answer back in a personal letter. It isa great educational idea introduced into the lives of the most intelligent people in, the world—American newspaper redders. It is a part of that best pur- pose of & newspaper—service. There is na charge except 2 cents in coin ‘or stamps for return postage. Get the habit of asking questions. Address your letter to The Evening Star Information Byreau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, ‘Washington, D. C. @ What is an V. W. A. It is a race in which the horses entered before 10 a.m. one day may race thp next day. This differs from the big stdke races in that the entries in the latter are closed weeks or months be- fore the race. Q Who financed the Lindberghs' trip to Japan?—P. R. M. . Col. Charles Lindbergh and Mrs. Lindbergh are financing their own trip to the Orient, as this is purely a vaca- tlon trip. Q. What is the origin of the expres- sion, hoi pollol?—M. G. A It is derived from the Greek woFds, oi pollol, meaning the many, mul- titude, or the masses. Qé ‘Where was Gypsy Smith born?— G. C. vernight” race?— { Tesponding to its actual volume and density, so that it will expand and do work without being condensed. Q. How high are the mountains on the Azuero Peninsula, Panama?—J. M. hel‘\.h'trhey average around 4,000 feet in ight. Q. What is meant by our manifest destiny in regard to Cuba, Mexico and Nicaragua?—A. E. L. A. Manifest destiny means a course which circumstances dictate must be pursued. In respect to Latin American republics it means that the Unisd States, as the strongest nation in e Western Hemisphere and the leadipg representative of the republican of government, must assume bility for the safety and orderly come duct of these lesser states. When laid down the Monroe doctrine, whlg told European nations to keep their | hands off the Americas, we took up the responsibility of maintaining the Feu:e and protecting foreign interests. If we will not permit European nations to grotecl their interests Latin America y landing troops, etc., we must do the Job ourselves or play the part of the dog in the manger. In other words, the | idea conveyed is that it 13 our manifest | destiny to carry out this course, Q. Do Eskimos keep recor tn:lox ‘;helr Dirths?2J. O'D‘," et t is only where missionari stationed that, reliable records are obe tainable, for the Eskimos themselves do not take an A. Gypsy Smith, whose real name is | y interest in their own ages Rodney Smith, was born in a gypsy | or the ages of their children as meas- | camp in England. After his conversion | ured in years, and it is seldom possible he devoted his life to evangelism. He |to know how old a person is unless his is a man originally uncultured, but of | birth can be checked up in comparison Beau- | wide reading. What noted creation of called The Door of Hell?—E. W. A. The Door of Hell, or, usually called, The Gates of He { work by the eminent French sculptor Rddin. on which he originally intended to place his famous statue, The Thinker. We understand that this monument has now been set up in Paris, contrary to the sculptor's original idea. art is holidays celebrating the anniversaries of their admision to the Union?—F. G. A. Only Arizona. California. Colorado and Nevada have such State holidays. Q. How much Iceland is habit- A. About one-fifth. Almost four- fifths of the island are uninhabited and almost uninhabitable. | tion?>—E. E. T. | A Itis a corruption of the word. or- | dinary. Through usage it has taken on {a slightly different meaning. Who compiled or edited Theodore Q. Roosevelt's letters to his children?—L. A. J. B. Bishop. husband's>—M. L A. It is never proper to mark a bride's linen or silver with the initials | of her prospective husband. If it is the | wish of the bride her silver and linen | are marked with the initials of her Christian name, maiden name and mar- riage name. Many brides, however, prefer to use their own initials in ha ing linen or silver marked. Q. What is superheated steam?—D. J. A It is steam at a temperature { higher than the condensing point cor- — . " t | Q. s Do sny of the Sldtes Tiave Biate L boatigoiupithe (GHIOMRIVAT =" 1! Q. Of what word is ornery a corrup- | Q. Should the initials on a bride’s siiver be her own or her prospective | | with some known visit of an explorer, whaling vessel or some event. Q. Will the impact be greater when | two automobiles meet going at the same rate of speed or when one is going slowly and the other faster’—P. M. D. A. If two automobiles collide head- on when traveling at the same rate of | speed, greater impact results than if one automobile going at a greater rate of speed collides with a slower vehicle. Q. In what year did the first steam- A. The first trip up the Ohio River by steamboat was made in May, 1815, by the Enterprise, of 75 tons. She traveled from New Orleans to Louis- ville in that year, the trip taking 25 days. The steamer Washington made the same trip in 1816 and inaugurated steamboat navigation in the Mississippi Valley. Q. Is Prancis Bellamy, who wrote 'P':Tl’lx:e Pledge to the Flag,” living?—E. A r, Bellamy died recenuge’ Tampa, Fla. He was 75 years oldY Q. Is it true that the boys who won in the Pisher body coach-building con- test will all get jobs with General Motors>—R. C. A. As soon as they are ready to en- ter the business world the 104 boys who | were sent to Detroit as a reward for their craftmanship have been promised positions by Alfred Sloan, president of the General Motors Corporation. | Q. In what line of work is there the most unemployment?—F. J. | _A. The greatest measure of unem- | ployment found in the employment | census taken in April, 1930. was in the | building trades, where 393.000 men and 1500 women almost one worker in every six) were jobless. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands i EUES WIENER TAGEBLATT, the Spanish Army and that is & pro- Vienna.—The Duesseldorf arch- gressive series of reserves, through assastin, Peter Kuerten, was | Which an able-bodied man has been executed in the courtyard of |subject to recall to the army for in- the state prison at Cologne. |definite lengths of time, with severe He was removed from the jail in which | punishment for failure to report. The he was confined at Duesseldor{-Behr- | terms of this involuntary service va ndorf to Cologne, because in the ried in different branches of the sei ormer institution there was mo court ice and with different ranks. | available for the final episode in this| Among the officers those of the rank | man’s career which could not be seen |of captain or above that title were sub- into from the outside. Though con- | ject to Tecall, after formally leaving victed separately of nine .different and | the army, practically for life, and the most atrocious murders, attorneys for same conditions were operative in the the defense had the audacity to peti- | case of surgeons and chaplains, as well tion the court for clemency. This 8S other professional men, whose | petition refused, Kuerten was rushed | knowledge might be of military value, from Duesseldorf to Cologne for the |In return for this duty, actual or po- exnomution. at & o'clock in the morning | tential, these ex-officers’ had the privi- of the following day, according to the | lege of employing at fixed nominal sums | humane custom in Germany, which any men in the so-called reserves, for | generally executes convicted murderers , anv work or functions they desired. within 24 hours after a plea for com-s This whole system has been - mutation_of sentence has clined. Kuerten did not know until after his transfer to Cologne that ap- plication had been rejected, and so had mercifully only a few hours to dwell upon his fate, though sufficient to pre- pare for eternity. The method of execution was the { guillotine, in this case an instrument actually dating in its construction from the time of the French Revolution. Punctually at 6 a.m. Kuerten entered the courtyard of the Klingelputz Prison at Cologne, hig hands tied behind his back with a light cord. His feet were similarly bound after he was placed upon the sliding board, and he dis- played the utmost composure and in- difference to the very last. Besides the guards and executioners, only spe- ! cial “spectators and officials witnessed the final punishment, though a few curious people gathered in the street outside. Among those present at the execu- | tion were Herr Lamke, president of the Criminal Court; the chief prose- cutor, Dr. Eich; Dr. Wettingen of Ber- lin, representing the Court of Appeal, and 12 Cologne citizens of blameless character. Thus ended one of the most morbid chapters in the criminal annals of Germany. “ e Rhubarb as Shrubbery Might Be Great Success. Glasgow Herald—Rhubabb, _when young, tender and carefully cooked, is a pleasant and wholesome food, and the pink of the Spring variety is at- tractive to the eye. But few observers of nature have cared or dared to claim the quality of beauty for a thicket or plantation of rhubarb flourishing in the open air. Yet just outside Glasgow there is, close to a railway line, a rhu- barb field well worthy to compare with a daily paper as an attraction for trav- elers. It is above a deep cutting, so that from the train the great broad leaves nearest the fence are between the ob- server’s eye and the sky, and have the green, cool translucence of a curling breaker. The sun gilds the fringes of this magnificent foliage, while tall spires covered with the creamy flower of the rhubarb rise above it with & stately handsomeness of their own. One who regards rhubarb with hor- ror when it is served up as a sweet expresses the view that as an orna- mental shrubbery or grove it might be a great success. . Girls Pledge Themselves To Avoid Smoking. Irish Independent, Dublin.—A vow to refrain from smoking as a ‘“safe- guard to_womanly virtue” was urged Rev. Dr. hig, Archbishop of when he addressed 50 girl candidates for confirmation in Queens- land, says Reuter's correspondent. His grace delivered a vigorous attack on women who smoked, and the girls pledged tlumn:m to avoid the habit. | * K x Army Reserve System Under New Regime. A B C, Madrid—A decree of the pro- visional government will abolish what has long been an anomaly peculiar to Germany is permanently unable to make her payments, and that chaos in China ahd India and the elimination of Rus sa from worlg co-operation tend to prolong the situation, | away with at one blow. Hereafter men discharged from the army—whether | from the cavalry, ertillery or infantry, and whether officer or private—are fi- nally through with their service, except | in cases of grave international necessity. These releases extend also to those whe served in the corps of engineers, com- | missaries and military police, as well as in the sanitary corps and civil guards. * | Much Trouble Will Be Regaining Confidence. The Bulletin, Sydney, New South Wales (contribution from a reader).— “D.": Some of the mose shortsighted and uneconomic people in New South Wales, not even excepting politicians, are the country folk who sell fowls, ducks and the like to Sydney motorists. Travelers have a natural disposition to sample the “wine of the country” what- ever form it takes. They like to feel they have made a good bargain while in the wilds, and it gratifies their van- ity to bore stay-at-home friends on the subject afterward. The roadside dealers have pretty well stopped all that. After having half a dozen of the oldest and toughest birds I ever put tooth to palmed off on me at city prices by stallnolders on the main western and southern roads, I have solemnly sworn off their rubbish; and it is the same with most of my friends. There is a small fortune awaiting the first city poulterer who has the enter- prise to disguise himse€}f as a farmer and offer eatabls siuff 2t a road- side stand on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. His main trouble will be to win back some of the confidence that has been destroyed by real farmers. * oK K % Advertising U. S. Salesmanship in Business. The Evening Post, Wellington.— “The time is coming when advertising will be more important than sales work—as much more important than sales work as the public is now more important than dealers in the distribu- tion of our merchandise. In point of fact, the most successful sales: mana- ger of tomorrow is going to be more concerned about ‘consumer pull" than ‘sales push’—because he will realize that the public interest will represent the only possible security.” In e | course " of & stimulating " address o, “Business Now—and in the Future” a. a luncheon of the Wellington Advertis- {ing Club, F. W. Mothes used those | words in urging the growing importance of advertising in business. Mr. Mothes, who recently returned from London, igave a graphic description of the in- | creasing speed of civilized life, and in- dicated how that is affecting business in many ways. -~ ; Less Trouble Getting Wed. | Prom the Cbarlotte News. | It is reported that marriages are | running at least 15 per cent above nor- mal just mow, which might indicate that girls with good jobs have littie. trouble finding husbands these days. e——— Sees War Dogs Loose. | From the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. There is little doubt when the “wolf is at the door” of some of the nations ! of the world it is a war dog which has | reverted to type.