Evening Star Newspaper, July 27, 1931, Page 8

A8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY... ...July 27, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 1 Litn, st ani Peanmivanta Ave ith St. and Pen o York Office: 110 Enst 42nd St. hicao @fficc: Lake Michigan Building. opean Ofice: 14 Regent f.. London, o Ensland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star oo, 45 per month he Evening and_ Sunday e ™4 Sundass? o1 2 60e per month Tiie Evening tn0 Sunday Siar e 8 Bundy5) ...« 65¢ per month The Sunday Siar Sc per copy Collettion made at the end of ‘ach month. Ofdns iy e Gent in by mail or telephone NAtional 3000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Paily and Sund: ..1yr., $10.00; 1 mo., 85¢ satly 1y L.1yr., $6.00: 1 mo., 50c Eindas only 1y $4.00: 1 mo., 0 All Other States and Canada. Taily and Sunday 12.00: 1 mo., 1yr. Daily only s $8.00; 1 ma bnday only 11IlT $5.00: 1 mos $1.00 8¢ 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Ascociated Press is exclusively entitled to the vse for republicaiion of all news dis- ratenes credited to it or not otherwise cred- iled in this paper and also the local news ublished herein. All rizhts of publication of 1 dispatches herein are also reserved. Where Criminals Are Bred. The Wickersham Commission’s re- port on penal institutions, probation | and parole can only be read as a sear- ing indictment of a penal system that has developed through the centuries without intelligent aim or guidance, that has accumulated its ills as it went along and which has heretofore attempted to solve its problems by the mere building of more jails. The result is a system that, in the words of the commission’s report, “is antiquated and inefficient. It does not reform the criminal. It fails to protect society. There is rea- son to believe that it contributes to the increase of crime by hardening the prisoner.” And the only solution is the development of “a new type of penal institution—one that is new in spirit, in method aud in objective.” The penal system has been subject from time immemorial to recurrent waves of well meant reform. Some of these have left their mark and others have come to nothing. Most of them, it is feared, have been actuated more by emotionalism and misguided senti- ment than by any lasting or mtelllgent[ effort to initiate new methods after persistent and continued study of the Toots of the problem. Some of the nat- | ural results are pointed out by the com- mission, which emphasizes the picture — |been lost by the police. There seems attacking the methods of the raiding | officers. Three of the nine cases have | | little prospect of victory in the re-| maining six cases. | If the series of “warrantless raids” launched with such spectacular fury by the polize were thus to end po]lcei |effort to wipe out gambling and liquor | resorts in Washington, the fat2 of the g THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, JULY 27, 1931 Moscow. He delivered a speech satur- | day night at a meeting given in his | honor at the Concert Hall of Columns’ on the occasion of his seventy-fifth | birthday anniversary. No ome could ask more definite evidence of Shaw's Communism and his fcith in the Rus- slan experiment. He is quoted in the dispatches as follows: When you have succeeded in your test cascs could be viewed with Some- | Communist revolution, which I feel con- thing akin to alarm. But unless the police are chiefly in- tor 4 in idle gestures, the: fate of | the cases should serve to spur them on "to greater activity and mark the be- .ginnirg of a long and persistent cam- | paign. 8 | The police know pretty well where {the illegal establishments are, when | they are running and when they are !closed. That much has been admitted ! by officials who, at the same time, plead an inebility legally to do anything about {it. The fact remains, however, that the { police rhay continue to appear at the | right place at the right time on a| { ceaseless-hunt “for & couple of fellows.” | | And if one law continues to protect I felons in the violation of another law, the police should so advertise that fact, | that the full import of an illogical con- | dition will lead to proper remedy. Such | advertisement can be gained by con- tinuing to harrass and to bedevil illegal establishments, by special police patrols and by other methods, until there are ! positive results. If the police have found that their efforts are, in fact, futile and that | brazen disregard of the laws is possible | because of the ease with which tech- ! nical barriers can be erected to shieldl | | the violators, nothing that they cou™ | |do would be of more value than to| undertake a campaign of demonstrating | the facts. If the police admit they nrul iicked now, the proper remedy is a new | police force thdt will admit no such | | — s, A., B, and Now C. Chile has at length taken its place with the other South American states of the “A. B. C.” group, Argentina and Brazil—in alphabetical order, be it noted—having preceded her in divest- ing themselves of their respective Presidents. In forcing the resignation of President Carlos Ibanez at Santicgo | yesterday, the Chilean people complete ! the circle of Latin American revolu- tions which set in a year ago. Chile has gone the way of Bolivia, Peru, Ar- gentina, Brazil, Guatemala and Panama. Today it is almost easier to tabulate the Latin republics which | have not upset their governments than | to recall the many which have been | overthrown by exasperated peoples. { make it absolutely impossible for other | Probably not. | The worst punishment that could be in- | tical for bandits to rely on the protec- of some three thcusand penal institu- tions, including Federal and State pris- President Ibanez, Chile's self-styled | | “man of destiny,” has met the fate of | ons and reformatories, workhouses, farms, chain gangs, city and county Jails, representing as methods of administration and control and policy in dealing with the reforma- tion of the human beings for whom they are maintained. Some of them, it is fair to conclude, may represent the result of intelligent thought, careful planning and sympathetic administra- tion. Others are perpetuating traditions carried forward from the Middle Ages. The whole stands, as the report points out, “as an unwieldy, unorganized, hit- or-miss system which has grown up over hundreds of years of local policy mak- ing, local tradition and loogl objective.” | roysiytion throughout the past tempes- | back home. “Through their gates there passes a for- lorn army of 400,000 persons each year, s0 much grist to be ground and shaped to the pattern-of the jailbird. Any new system, which can only be developed through years of intelligent planning and organization, must at the outset be guided by te commiss'on’s conception of the functions of a priscn—"to find the means to reshape the interests, attitudes, habits, the total character of the individual, as to release him both competent and willing to find a way of adjusting himself to the community without further law wviolation.” Such a conception may become uni- | versal in time. It is doubtful whether it will be hastened by appeal to humanitarfan inst'nets. But a crime- ridden Natfon may seize upon it as a means of self-protection, as & method of eradicating what obviously have be- come the chief breeding places criminals. The sad feature of the busi- ness is that the Wickershem report, having made its brief splash in the headlines, now takes its place in the Government archives as another inter- esting document, - o The Davis Cup. In winning the Davis Cup for the fifth successive year France has again demonstrated her tennis supremacy over the rest of the world. Wih the’ United States eliminated by England it gave many different | for | | Leguia of Peru, Irigoyen of Argentina, | |and Luis of Brazil. Each was accused | !of usurping authority and turning a | ;supp&sedly popular government into a | personal regime. Gomez, dictator of | Venezuela, remains the only pillar of | | autocracy south of the Equator. Only | | recently he sought to strengthen his stranglekold by having himself desig- | | nated as commander in chief of the: | country’s armed forces. To date he! | bas survived all attempts to unhorse | | him, although kis newly-acquired power | suggests that he may feel himself | slipping. 1 i Chile has hovered on the brink of | tuous year in South America. Presi- | ! dent Ibanez in February, 1931, sought | | lo ward off impending disaster to him- |self by securing from the Chilean | | Senate the grant of dictatorial powers | | during the ensuing four-month recess |of Congress. The legislation, requested | i to meet possible financial emargencies, | | gave acts of the President, if counter- | | signed by the premier, the validity of | |acts of Congress. In April President ‘lbanez accepted the resignations of | | five members of his cabinet, supplant- | | Ing them with men more in sympathy ! | with his “program for governmental | economy.” Throughout the Summer, neverthe- {less, the fires of revolt have smoldered | |In Santiego., Into what fury they were| eventually fanned the Santiago revolu- | { tion’s casualty list of sixty-odd dead end hundreds wounded tells its own | | story. The economic depression—root cause of most of South America's poli- | |tical unrest since 1929—drifted from |bad to worse. Copper and nitrate, ! Chile’s great staples, slumped in the| | world market like other basic commodi- | tles. President Ibancz's attempt to | stave off the evil day by forming a| government monopoly in nitrate failed, |largely because of the heavy decrease !in consumption of that fertilizer by American cotton growers. Copper | 'simultaneously fell from a former; ! stabilized price of eightcen cents a| i pound to around elght cents. Chilean | that nation the right to play France for | national finances, so vitally dependent | the title. and although the matches were | 0D €Xport of copper and nitrate, were | close the Bri‘ish were unable to shake | Plunged into catastrophic disarray, and | France's tenacious hold on the silver | bowl emblematic of the highest honor | to be won on the courts. | There wns a time, not many years, ago, when the United States was the ruler of the tennis domain, but since | the heyday of Tilden and o'hers no team has been developed that can com- | vete successfully with the sta:s from the European continent. The United States has several young players who have not vet reached the peak of their game, and it may be thal another year will sce America in the thick of it for Davic Cup honors. Uncle Sam does not like to come out sccond best, or as in ihis case third best, in any sport, and 1t is assured that every effort will be made to regain lost laurels. ——— Fashions for women are more dis- cussed, but are not ncarly as impor- tant as comfortable Summer attire for policemen whose duty it is to work hard and keep their tempcrs. | | Carlos Ibanez, once hailed as the na- tion's savior because of his ambitious educational, humanitarian and fiscal | policies, tottered from grace and pop- | ular faver. | Perhaps the deposed Chilean Presi- | dent might have ridden the storm, but | his country recalled that Ibanez oncc! proclaimed that he enjoyed “divine| guidance in ruling as he thought nec-' essarg,” and adopicd the principal precepts of Benito Mussolini and former | dictator Primo de Rivera. The “man| of destiny” turned out to be a broken incipient students’ revoll against his| authority burst out in Santiago last| week. | Today, a fugitive from the wrath of | his people after four years of dictator- ship, Carics Ibanez fades into Latin America’s history as another President who had his fling, only to have it viclently terminated when national patience reached the breaking point. e The “Warrantless Raids.” Juggled between the conflicting state- ments of police witnesses and the im- passioned pleas to the jury by defense attorneys not to endanger the sanctity of the American home, its manhood, womanhood and childhood by coun- tenancingssuch tactics, the first of the serles of “warrantless ralds” of gam- ———— “Mirrors” of one kind or another in current literature revive a superstition. Public men may not admire the reflec- tion, but hesitate at an effort to smash | them for fear of inviting bad luck. Shaw Shoots His Stuff, ‘When George Bernard Shaw got to Russia on his vacation tour he began |tion to the other. !ble bling and other establishments have | Wise-cracking in a way that completely fallen to earth with a dull and rather | puzzied his Communist hearers, who sickening thud. While the Police Court doubted whether he was really quite as Jjudges refused to throw the cases out much of a Communist as he had been on th: plea of illegal entry, thus as- | understood to be. Of course, nobody suring trial on their merits, the juries|expected that the Russians would un- have iost little time in acquitting de- | derstand Shaw. Few people do. Even fendants who, through counsel, laid he himself is believed by many to fail =at naarly so much stress upon concalirg in this respect. However, h has now L2 nature oi their empicyment as in made sscd with his Scviet friends at fident you will, the other countries will follow you fast. It is for you to carry out your lead to an absolutely triumphal conclusion, to a conclusion which will | countries not to follow you. As an old Soctalist, I see in your faces a new look which one does not find in the West, and which I hope we will see there. Why didn’t England bcgin the Com- munist revolution instead of Russia? Karl Marx would have said that Russia was the last place in the world for it to begin. The English ought to be ashamed of themselves for not having been the first. Vociferous cheering grested these words. That was the stuff the Mos- covians wanted to hear. But what about England? There will be a dif- ferent reaction there. Does Shaw care a whoop about what England thinks? He never has, just so long as it thought about him at all. flected upon “G. B. S.” would be in- attention. If the English people and those Americans who are addicted to Shaw were to declare & moratorium on him for a few years he would be very sad indecd. It really is of no moment whatever to anybody except perhaps the Rus- sians that Shaw thinks well of the Russian experiment. His prediction of Russian success and of world Com- munism following it is but the idle breath of a professional humorist, utterly lacking in qualifications as a political economist or as am historian. AN Suggestions have been made that all political candidates should be required to take physical examinations. A de- mand for mental tests is not regarded as necessary. Before he has a chance to be a candidate a man naturally establishes conclusively his status as a quick thinker. ——— = A term in the penitentiary gives McGurn, machine gunner for the Capone forces, a chance for restful im- munity from taking his turn at being | put on the spot. If he is wisely appre- clative of an opportunity to give his nerves a vacation, he will not try to escape. —rmoe Airplanes render it no lenger prac- tion of a jungle in devising an ambush. Aviation has accomplished something toward bringing a fight into the open, and making it at least & little more decent. e Bread is a precious article of which civilization has often had to take heed. When wheat causss uncertainty as to the laws of supply and demand, the situation must be carefully handled to prevent bread from doing likewise. B New experiences are abundantly en- jeyed by the Siamese King and Queen. Siam may reasonably expect some new | and valuable ideas when these dis- tinguished and observant visitors get ] SHOOTING STA RS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Warm Weather Astronomy. Miss Moon she done got jealcus, She mos’ fohgot to shine. She heard de people talkin’ "Bout de sun dat look so fine. But now she’s smilin’ happy, As happy as kin be. If you has yoh doubts about it, You kin look yohse'f an’ see. ‘When de hot bug been a-singin’ An’ a-laughin’ 'bout de heat, An’ de world is jes' an oven ‘Whah we’s roas'in, like de meat, Miss Mcon she comes a-sailin® On de breezes of de night, An’ she can't he'p lookin' pleasant, * 'Cause we treats her so polite. Handicapped. “What's de reason,” inquired Lolter- ing Luke, “dat you can't go ahead an’ git yourself reformed?” : “It's jes' hard luck,” replied Ploddin, Pete. “I never could manage to git arrested in a way dat would give me de | advantages of de right kind of a peni- tentiary.” A Change._ “Is Tim Slimmers still paying atten- tion to Mendy Tompkins?" asked the man who had been away from home for some time. “No,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “They don't either of 'em pay any 'ten- They're married.” A Proper Motto. “In God we trust,” 'tis printed fair Upon each silver dollar new. With grafters lurking everywhere, 'Tis all an honest coin can do. College Grammar. “Father,” said a small boy, “is it im- proper to use the word *‘'taint’? “Yes, my son. And it is especially improper if ;you are at the head of a ccllege that is hoping for some rich I reed instead of a rod of iron when an ' man’s money.” Real Troubles. “The base ball umpire has his trou- said the grandstand enthusiast. Yes,” answered the friend, with a patient look, “he has troubles, but he never was chairman of a golf club house committee.” Sapphira. Lying in a hammock On a Summer day— ‘That is how he finds her As he walks that way. Thinks she is an angel Loitering here below, And she smiles demurely; Kceps him thinking so. A mendacious Cupid Hovers o'er the spot. Ha)f of what she says in June In August is forgot. Says the same to others ‘When he’s genz away, Lying in a hammock On a Summer day. “Pe man dat allus wants his own | way,” said Uncle Eben, “tates a hcap o' ‘sponsibility an’ gits mighty few ihanke to break all records for grass growth. | * % %% | more surprised when he took the job. {reduce tariff rates is like inviting an THIS AN BY CHARLES E. Nature seldom pursues the even tenor of her ways. Mostly she is at extremes. Last Summer she gave the country a sample of dryness, this season she floods our gardens with water. This is particularly unfortunate for grass situated under trees and in other shady places. Grass in such places is always the most difficult to grow. L2st Summer, when gardens were bonedry, grass under trees did very well, “where it did not die out entirely. Thre continued rains during July have caused many a shady yard which had done well hitherto to become soggy with moisture. Most forms of grass growing in shady nooks is of a fine-bladed char- acter, easily trampled out. Excessive rains mat this easily and cause moss and other growths to spring u& freely. The result is that bare soil show- ing through in many such yards, after a preliminary season which bids fair Lack of sunshine, of course, is at the bottom of all such failures. Lawns which get the full sunlight all day long do not suffer, but _have in many instances, got the benefit of the broad-leaved varieties which some peo- ple call “June grass.” Yet it is a question, among tbose sincerely interested in good lawns, whether most grass plots look as well as they might be expected to, consid- ering the plentiful rains. It may be that all vegetation is suf- fering from the effects of the drought. Nature is resilient, possesses a great deal of stretch, as it were; is able to “come back” after recelving the most severe punishment. Maybe the drought of 1930 was just a bit too much, though. O o * Grass remains the bad boy of the garden. One can_ sympathize with the wealthy gentleman, whoever he is, who | has filled his front parking with nice round yellow pebbles. The ‘entire plot, oncc covered wvith grass of a sort, is now given over to neat pebbles, which are the same in season and out of season. The effect, while not as good as is perhaps better thun| Certainly thousands of persons who have wrestled with recal- citrant lawns will sympathize with the owner. No_doubt that is one way of cutting the Gordian knot of a poor lawn, but it is one which most people will not have the heart to attempt. Nor, indeed, is their house of the architecture to permit it. Green grass is the best framing ma- | terfal for 999,999 out of every 100,000 homes. That fact is realized by every one, that is why every one tries to have good grass. * ok ok o* And how hard they try! Homeowners use stakes and wires to keep thoughtless children off. They re- sort to every sort of makeshift in order to give their plots of grass a chance to grow. Offen the results are negligible, but the attempt has been made. One of the most interesting studies one can | make. in going arcund the city, is to| examine the lawns and to see how other people have attempted to solve a diffi- | cult problem. A few have good grass. Farther along there will be lawns not so good, with here and there one in which only a few blades of grass are | growing. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDE It was Talleyrand, or somebody, who | said that language was invented for| the purpose of concealing thought. To| the Right Hon. Sir Ronald Lindsay.| P.C.G. C. M. G.K.C.B.C. VOl British Ambassador at Washington. | this observer awards the Order of the Sphinx as one of the world's great ex- ponents of the Talleyrand theory. For the past few weeks the high spot of Anglo-American _ relations — thought wholly unofficial—has been the ques- tion of including or deleting the Su render of Cornwallis from next Oct ber's Yorktown sesquicentennial cele- bration. The compiler of this columnar contribution to current history asked | Sir Ronald Lindsay whether Great Britain would, or would not. be ag- grieved by a pageant depicting the capitulation of Cornwallis. Let any one who thinks his Britannic majesty | is not represented over here by a dip-' lomar, ponder the reply—each word a nugget: “T am not sorry to have been away at Bar Harbor while the contro- versy was in progress, for it is a mat- ter in which I could hardly express an opinion, and, indeed, on which my opin- fon is worth no more than that of any | one else. But I think that no one who knows me would have any difficulty in | guessing what I think.” s Few of Henry P. Fletcher's cronies are surprised by his resignation from the chairmanship of the United States Tariff Commission. They were far o ask a Pennsylvania Republican to reside over a body whose duty is to undertaker to lead a better-health drive. Fletcher probably realized, when he agraed to serve for a year only, that this would be about as long as he could stand it. For a man who has spent most of his mature life hobnobbing with kings and queens, prime ministers and foreign diplomats, it isn't easy to generate enthusiasm over Italian cheese, Spanish onions, Australian wool, Ar- gentinian corn, Canadian hides and skins, Czechoslovakian shoes or the other paramount issues the Tariff Commission deals with. Fletcher is too young, too able and too ambitious to remain very long'among the Federal unemployed. The London or Paris em- bassy probably is what he'd like most. * ok kX Miriam B. Wolf of Washington, bril- liant clubwoman and member of the Women's Joint Legislative Committee— the congressional petticoat lobby—has sent Al Smith an ode “To the Empire State Building,” as the result of a l;ncent ascent to its dizzy top. Here t is: Giant of granite and stone Looming skyward! And at your feet, those pygmies called men, In whose brain you were conceived And ?};; whose labor you were brought | forth— $ What is the soul of your being? Solid, four-square, earth rooted, Ever climbing, and ever retreating Into yourself as you,climb, Until at the end yofi stand A towering turret, A perfect pointed pinnacle, Hailing the heavens, Gazing at God! Has man not created you in His own image? & In the current number of The Phlippine Republic, the independence party’s Washington official organ, for- mer Gov. Gen. Francis Burton Harrison, now living the life of a retired country gentleman in Northern Scotland, is the object of extensive glorification. Hilario Moncado, “president of the Filipino Federation of America,” who is in the midst of a European propaganda tour, rarrates that Mr. Harrison, “waiting quietly on the side lines at his mansion in far-off Scotland, is eagerly watching the contest for Filipino independence, and hoping against hope to receive soon the glad tidings that the movement, to which he contributed so much, has at last ended in success.” During his seven years at Manila under the Wijlson administration, Harrison's tactics®put serious crimps in American prestige Gen. Leonard Wood's principal job, when he went to the Philippines in 1921, was to repair the damage caused :.7_y Harricon’s flirtations with the poli- icos. | try half-and-half, | For good grass is worth a little juggling IC WILLIAM WILE. | tween | cent of the world's gold—about 50 and | i D THAT . TRACEWELL. Many people give over the effort al- together, esp-cially in smaller plots, and try one of the various ground covers, as they are called, such as Pachysandra. This makes everything green, it must be admitted, but one can scarce get over the feeling that serpents will crawl out sooner or lGiCr. Grass must remain the desirable thing. Concrete courts and the like, while they have their places, cannct displace the beautiful lawn. Its place is fixed. There is no sub- stitute for it in the best sense. Grass 1s at once the frame and background of a house and garden; its color is un- equaled, its texture unrivaled. It will therefore remain the most de- sired and the most discussed adjunct of the garden. o This reminds us that many experts declare that there is no time of the year quite 50 good for lawn making as Autumn. The heat of year is over and there is | plenty moisture, in the shape of heavy dew: 5. There is, above all, enough of time for the grass roots to get large and strong. Although the tops will die down, the roots are theré, ready for an immediate start at the first touch of Spring. This is the theory, and as far as most | people know it is ‘correct enough, but | it takes a great deal of determination ! to carry the program into effect. One help is that there are not as| many birds in the Fall to eat up the fresh seed. Plant it as carefully as| you may, well raked in, and all that, the birds are able to get to it, and every one knows how much a flock of English sparrows can eat in a day. It is questionable whether 50 per cent of the seed put into the ground is ever permitted to germinate. A Try, try again! That must be the motto of the small landowner who wamts good grass but who does not pessess it as he wants it. Facts are stubborn things. We know an amateur gardener who spent & large number of dollars in the | Spring, putting in seed in a shady yard. | He used humus, carefully treated the whole to bonemeal, lay back and waited for the season to do its stuff. It did. Within six or seven weeks he had much superior grass. With the advent of June it got better still During the first week of July it was in beauiiful condition, but the next | cutting revealed some of it dving out Today that lawn is not as he would have it, nor as it promised to be, or should be. Lack of sun and too much |raln—that is the diagnosis. More seed will go in in September, however. More will go in next Spring. Instead of all shady mixtures, he will one part ‘ordinary grass seed, one part seed for shady situations. This may give a better balance. There is a likelihood that lawns are as temperamental as human beings, | and that to take advantage of their | pecularities is better than forcing them 1o a certain preconceived program. If one must resort to trickery to get a splendid lawn, trickery is shall be! ! of the elements of success. These are varieties of grass seed, sunshine, water, | fertilizer, care. With them one ought | to be able to work wonders, with the aid of one other element—time. | Herbert Janvrin Browne, Washing- ton long-range weather forecaster, gets along without a telephone, or at least without a listed one. The theory is that he found his existence made unbear- able by people who rang him up at all heurs of the day and night to know what the weather was going to be like next week, next month or next year. Mr. Browne has just burst forth with the cheerful news that the Eastern United States is going to be cool from now until September, due to breezes perfodically originating in the North- west. There’ll be two or three of these salubrious waves, each spreading slowly southward and eastward to the Guif Coast and the Atlantic seaboard from five to seven days later. Herbert | Janvrin Browne deserves the Nobel prize—the noblest of them all. g ‘Washington's latest international | worry is the gold situation in Europe, | cspecally the transfusion of yellow | blocd which France is perpetrating at| the expense of Great Britain. Paris took $150,000,000 out of London be- July 11 and July 25, causing near-panic in Threadneedle Strect. There is $500.000,000 or $§00,000,000 more_standing to Franc2’s ‘tredit in the Bank of England. Washington's | interest in gold developments is wheth- | er the French might not suddeniy de- | cide to tap their big hoard in this country, which some’estimates place as | high as $600,000,000. Uncle Sam could stand its shrinkage immeasu bet- ter than John Buill can put up with similar drains. The United Stats anc France between them now own 75 per 25 per cent, respactively. Their ag- gregate population of 165,000,600 ac- counts for only about an eighth of | Mother Earth’s offspring. * ok ok x Secretary of the Navy Charles Fran-| cis Adams is Summer vacationing near | Boston and drops into Beantown oc- | casionally’ to attend to private affairs. At noonday he can usually be encoun- tored eating from a stool at a lunch counter in State street. It appears that Skipper Adams has something to do | with the Bunker Hill Monument grounds. Recently he was asked if there would be any objection to the erection of a tablet by the Breed fam- attesting the fact that Bunker Hill vas fought on Breeds Hill. “I don't give a hoot,” was the naval chief’s re- ply (only hoot wasn't the word), “as long as you let the monument stand.” * K ox X Let's not abandon hops of European ' ecanomic recovery just because the| Seven-Power Conference at London | was a bit of a flop. The Carnegie En- | dowment for International Peace,: which has rendered notable service in Tecent years by promoting visits of | American editors to foreign parts, has | just dispatched nine university —pro- | fessors of economics to find out just what's wrong in Europe. Three will survey the British Isles, three will tour Central Europe and the others South- | eastern Europe. I (Copyright. 1931.) ———— Not Standing Committee. Frocm the Ann Arbor Daily News. ‘The transfer of chairs from the Wick- ersham Commission office to the White House does not indicate, we hope, that it is to bz one of those standing com- mittees. i - Mexican Consul Has His From the Fort Wayne News-Sentfiel ; One can't blame that Mexican censul for being peeved at being jailed in, Chi- cago; but still and all, he really ought to be grateful that he wasn't shot. —— Open Arms to Be Expected. From the Goshen Daily News-Times. What President Hoover hopes will re- sult from the disarmament conference, as we see it, is that th: powers will greet each other with open arms. e e. l The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln, BY FREDER, Despite the fact these are the “dog| This bureau does not give advice, but " - | it gives free information on any subject. days,” the olitical mill keeps on '}‘l"" Often, to be accurately informed is to ing over. Up in Philadelphia, where|pe beyond the neced of advice, and in- William S. Vare for years has domi- | formation is always valuable, whereas | tating to say whether the delegation | been pleased with the attitude of the | there is nothing amiss with their friend- |tain a stoadfast sil | Gov. Smith wishes the nomination him- | mental debts in an effort to help Ger-, inated the Republican organization | things are happening which may cause | & real row in the ranks of the G. 0. P, all because Mr. Vare cannot see eye tc jeve wita “Big Tom” Cunningham, sheriff of Philadelphia County, and several of the other political leaders in the mat- ter of selecting a candidate for mayor | Cunningham and his supporters arc favoring George H. Biles, who used tc be director of public works when W. F Kendrick wad mayer. Vare distinctly does not want Biles for the job, anc threatens to back J. Hampton Moore. Moore was at one time a member o Congress and later mayor of Philadel- phia on a reform ticket. He was beaten | for mayor by the present incumbent, Harry Mackey. So the war seems to bc getting under way, with all kinds o strange alliances. It was in 1919 that Moo:e was elected mayor, supported the late Senator Penrore, over the can- didate favored by William S. Vare. * ok % ox ‘There have besn scveral att by lesser leaders to succeed t:m!r;':: leadership which Vare has held, and even continued to hold after he had suffered a stroke of paralysis and had been denied a seat in the United States | Senate becayse of excessive expenditures | and alleged corruption in the election. But Vare has been too smert for them in the past. It may be thgt now his power will be broken, though it is early to say. He has always shown himself resourceful. It will be interesting to learn the attitude of Mr. Vare, if he retains control, toward, the proposed renomination of President Hoover next ! year. It was Mr. Vare who broke the silence over the pcsition of the Penn- sylvania delegation at Kansas City in 1928 when Secretary Mellon was hesi- | would be for Hoover or not. Vare issued a statement declaring for Hoover and | it was all over but the shouting. There | have been reports that Vare has nst administration toward him since March 4. 1920 Gov. Gifford Pinchot is said to have a desire to make a bid for the G. O. P. presidential nomination and to take a Pennsylvania delegation to the next national conventicn pledge to vote for his nomination. . Probably nothing more strarge than support for Pinchot by Vare could be imagired But when Vare is found backing J, Hampton Mocre it looks as though almost anything could happer - sylvania politics. i * ok % The Pennsylvania Republicans have to select a new national committeeman to take the place of Gen. W. W. Atter- bury, president of the Pennsylvania Raiiroad, who has resigned that office. | | Atterbury has preached doctrines that | | have not appealed to the adm’nistration | |1 recent months. The Hoover Repub. ! | licans it appears must strengthen their | lines in the Keystond State. : * ow ox % . Within the last few days Gov. Frank- lin D. Roosevelt and former Gov. Al- | fred E. Smith of New York have sat' down “together at luncheon on Long Island. If appearances mean anything, ship, despite reports to the contrary. I rary However, Gov. Smith continues to main- ence regarding his choice for the presidential 8ncn-mngatxon All kinds of theories are Some Democrats insist that | self. Otyers say he prefers Owen D, Young to Roosevelt. And now the idea advice may not be. In using this serv- ice be sure to write clearly, state your inquiry briefly and inclose 2-cent stamp for reply postage. Address The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, (Fred- glch. Haskin, director, Washington, - Q. Does Yehudi Menuhin use the old or the new method of playing the vio- kn’,‘nflow long does he practice daily?— A. His fathgr says that musician-vio- linists recognize no old or new methods in playing the violin. There is only one way the old and the living violin- ists play their fiddles which they use as a means to an end to make good music and that is the natural method, free, unhindered mastery of the instru- ment. Yehudi practices three to four hours per day now. Q. Are there many divorces among couples whose marriages followed “cam- pus courtships”?—M. W. A. Rita S. Halle says that there seem to be only one-eighth as many divorces from college-made marriages as there are among general marriages in this country. Q. How many different bridge hands can be dealt to four players>—R. G. B. A. E. V. Shepard says that the 635,- 013,559,600 different bands that may be dealt in bridge may be distributed among the four players in 53,644,737~ 765,488,792,839,237,440,000 d i1 f erent ways. Q. What is a photon?—K. P. A, The term is used in connection | with the Compton effect; that is, the change in quality of a beam of X-rays when it is scattered. The experiments associated with the Compton effect have seemed to establish the existence of a particle of radiation known as the photon. It may be classed with the electron and the proton as one of the three fundamental units of matter. Q. How large a place is Sulgrave in England?—W. T. C. A. The village is so small that it is not on the average map of England. It Has but two streets—Big street and Little street. Q. Did the person described in Theodore Dreiser's “My Brother Paul” really exist?—M. B. A. Paul Dresser was the brother of Theodore Dreiser, despite the variation in spelling of the surname. Paul Dresser is perhaps remembered best as the author of “On the Banks of the Wabash” and “Just Tell Them That You Saw Me.” Q How can one tell a star from a anet>—O. P. A. A planet may be distinguished from a star in three ways—frst, the stars twink'e and the planeis usually do not. However, this rule is far from in- fallible. Second. when magnified by a telescope, the pianets show disks of per- | pl ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IC J. HASKIN. Q. Please give a short rus McCormick.—W. H. | A. Cyrus Hall McCormick was born |at Walnut Grove, W. Va., on February 15, 1809. His fataer was a farmer who | had invented numerous labor-saving de- vices for farm work, but after repeated efforts had failed in his attempts to construct a successful grain-cutting ma- chine. When Cyrus was 22 years old he took up the problem and finally was successful in constructing a machine employed in the late harvest of 1831 and patented in 1834. He died in 1884. Q Can sounds such as a clap of thunder or the purr of a cat be meas- ured?>—C. E. G. A. The Bureau of Standards says the frequency of vibration of any sound having a definite pitch can be accurate- ly measured by means of a microphone and an oscillograph. Many sounds. such as a clap of thunder or the purring of a cat will be comp'ex sounds consisting of mixtures of sound of different pitches. Stich sounds can be recorded |on the oscillograph and analyzed into | their simple comporents whose frequen- cies can be determined. skatch of Cy- c Q. When were patents first protection to inventors?—B. J. A. In very early times in England the reigning prince ccnsidered himself cntitled to grant privileges of the na- ture of monopolities to any one who had gained his favor. These grants became so numerous, oppressive and | unjust that during the reign of James I (1603-1625) a statute was wrung from the King declaring all grievous and in- convenient monopolies to be void. There was a special exception from that enactmeht of all letters, patents, grants |and privileges of the “sole working or making of any manner of new manu- factures within the realm to the true and first inventor.” Upon these words hangs the whole law of letters and pat- ents, for inventions Q. What 10 names are borre by the most people in Ame 5 A. Drawing conclusions from the enrollment during the war, the first 10 were Smith, Johnson, Brown, Williams, Jones, Miller, Davis, Anderson, Wilson and Moore. given as Q. Were there six or seven tribes of Indians who made their laws in the “Long_House"?—R, A. The Five Nations made laws in the Long House: later the Six Nations. The Five Nations were composed of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca. Their name for themselves as a political body was Ongwanonsionni, W of the extended lodge.” The them as the Confederation of the Five Nations, and after the ad- 2 of the Tuscarora in 1772 as th :: Natiops. Q. Did President Wilson mak> a trip to Europe during the World War?— A.E. H. A. President Wilson did not visit Europe previcus to the signing of the armistice. He made two trips to Europe betweon the signing of the armistice and the signing of the peace treaty in June, 1919. This treaty was not ratified by the United States Senate, and a sep- | ceptible area, while the stars appear as e e, This distinction molds | Arate Peace was concluded July 2. 1921. for all the principal plancts, but fails for most of the many minor planets, or asteroids. Third, th: stars maintain practically the same relative positions for years whi'e a planet changes its posi- tion among them perceptibly from nizht to night or, seen in a telescope, in the course of a few hours or even minutes. Q. Where is the largest textile mill in the world?—D. C. B. ’ A. It is the Melange Combine at in Soviet Russia is advanced that Gov. Smith is with- holding his approval until the wrln!c‘;s of the candidate can be well estab lished for th: coming national eclec- tion. There have been hints that | Roosevelt's degree of wetness was not quite sufficient to suit Smith. But that is mere surmise. It does appear, how- ever, that Smith is anxious to have ' the Democratic platform adopted next vear declare for. repeal or modification of the eighteenth amendment—after all, modification is a repeal in this case. Gov. Roosevelt ran for Gover- nor of New York on a wet State piat- form both in 1928 and in 1930. It is inconceivable that he could ever run for President as anything but an op- ponent of the eightzenth amendment. But there are certain out and out wets who gegard prohibition as a, vital issue and not one on which the Democratic party should straddle. Among them John J. Raskcb, chairman of the Demo- | cratic Natignal Committee, manager of the Smith ' campaign for President in 1928. Smith himself has declared pro- hibition is far more of an issue with the American people than waterpower. * ok ok x Roosevelt, on the other hand. while opposing the * eighteenth amendment, has rather indicated that the economic issues are the main fssues in the coming campaign—hard times, the _tariff, waterpower etc. His support in the | South and in some of the Western : States comes because the Democrats in | those sections believe he will not.stress | too much the wet and dry question if he be nominated. These Democrats do | | | {not want their party committed to the ' | wet cause by a platform declaration. | This platform row looms as the big fight in the Democratic national con vention next Yyear. There will be a demand by the ultra-wets that the; Democratic party do not “pussy-foot” | on this issue, but come out for a re wurn of the control of the liquor traffic to the States. e Ever since President Hoover startled the country and the world with his proposed spension _ of intergovern- many stave off financial and economic and probably governmental collapse, efforts have been made to estimate the political effect of his proposal in this country. It has been declared that the President by his vigorous leader- ship +in this matter helped himself greatly, especially in New York. Since his original debt suspension proposal, which is now an accomplished fact, Mr. | Hoover has taken part, too. through Secretaries Stimson and Mellon, in a London Conference to help Germany with short-time credits, and was re- sponsible in large part for the plan there adopted. * F g . It begins to look as though Mr. Hoover, while not having that in mind y. when he acted, will have helped him- self politically in a number of States where he needs help. For example, in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Illinois and In- diana. The German-American popula- tion in those States is by no means negligible when it comes to election day. And it begins to lcok &s though Senator George W. Norris of Nebraska, who obposed the election of Hoover in the 1928 campaign, may have a hard time swinging his State against the President in 1932 if the Senator tries it again. In Wisconsin, too, the percentage of German - American votes is large. There Senator Blaine fought the elec- tion of Hoover in 1928, and Senator La Follette was lukew: , to say the least, to the Republican national ticket. The 1932 campaign, it appears, is still much in the making. P o dek A Wheat still is a cloud which hangs over Republican prospects in the great Ststes of the West and the Northwest. 1f the wheat farmers, who have plenty | of wheat this year in those States, | could get better prices; if many of them could afford to hold on to their wheat Tty roe ™ apeptis . Ropubiian ly revive ican spirits in those sections. At present the farmers of Missouri, not to mention the grain trade, are very sore, and in Kan- sas the feeling is worse, it is said. The wheat crop is beginning now to be harvested in the Northwest, Washing- Chair of Humor Desired. From the Dayton Daily News. A chalr of humor is suggested for col- -ges. Tt serms the abs-nt-minded pro- 1 . 9 fcssors no longer provide epouznlmn. ton end Oregon for example. Com- plaints from those States where Spring wheat is now coming into the market may swell the protests which already have ccome from the Winter wheat country. ‘Nation Sees No Substitute Q. How long have we had a transcon- | tinental airmail service’—N. B. | " A. The first regular transcontinental ! airmail trip was made September 8-11, | 1920, from New York to San Francisco, | Q'.: What s the German flag now?— G. F. | “'A. The flag of the German Republic is a red, biesc and gold tricolor of bars {0 equal dimensions. The top stripe is black. the middle is red and the bottom o0 For Cornwallis’ Surrender America finds no way of celebrating the anniversary of Yorktown without depicting the surrender of Cornwallis as the chief object of the observance. A suggestion that a parade of women in Colonial costumes be substituted is 1eceived with no trace of approval. Contrary to the attitude of the com- mittee on_the Yorkiown event. it is proposed that the British be induced to take part in the depiction of the sur- render. “Will it be all right to mention, de- scribe, depict or enact the event that is being celebrated, when Americans gather at Yorktown to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the surrender there of the British Army under Lord Cornwallis?” ks the Cleveland News. adding that “the question seems odd to the point of silliness.” The Spring- field (Mass.) Republican believes that “the British Empire can endure one more surrender at Yorktown, its official reprezentatives enjoying the occasion.” That_paper adds that “the old war is over,” with the "Query, “What matters it how the pageant dispute termi- nates?” “By all means depict the surrender.” says the Columbus Ohio State Journal, pointing out that “the statesmen and the citizenry of the day when Yorktown fell are gone and only in musty archives and sketchy school histories does the aftermath remain.” The St. Paul Pio- neer Press asks if 150 years is not “re- mote enough in time for_a nation to forget the humiliation.” The Charles- ton (S. C.) Evening Post contends: “By all means let us have the surrender pageant with all the trimmings, and if the British don't want to take part in it, they don't have to. There are enough Americans who would be happy to strut in the red coats of Cornwallis’ army to make a first-class show.” \ * % % % “If"Cornwallis' surrender is to be de- leted, it would be better to abolish the surrender,” thinks ~ the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail, while the Char- lotte Observer remarks: “If British Ieell}'lzs are to be hurt at this late day, and/!if avoidance of circumstances of that kind is the question at issue, then the proposed sesquicentennial might as well be canceled. But why this sud: denly developed concern for British feel- ings on part of the State Department? There was the celebration at the Kings Mountain battleground last October, participated in by the President of the , United States, and at which the British government was officially represented— and by a mighty good fellow, by the President Hoover made a speech in which he glorified the deeds at Kings Mountain as leading up to the final scene at Yorktown.” “Ir has been seriously proposed.” ob-| serves the Provindence Journal, “that the historic episode be deleted from the rogram and that a'‘very beautiful parade’ of ladies in Colonial costumes be substituted. That such a parade, with all the Virginia talent to draw from, would indeed be a beautiful one we cannot for a moment doubt. But it would have no_more historical signi- ficance than a Boardwalk procession at Atlantic City.” A feeling that Representative Sol Bloom of New York, assocjate director of the George Washington Bicentennial Commission, “properly resents the effort to delete the surrender,” is voiced by the Milwaukee Sentinel, with the further comment: ur own opinion is that the objections to the proposed scene in the g.gnm. are silly and trivial, and if we 2 ve to omit decisive events from our | historical because we are afraid it ‘we’d better transform the pageant into a carnival or a bathing beauty exposi- lon."” * kK * The Danbury Evening News com- ments: “And what is suggested in its geants place? “Believe it or not, this: ‘A verv beautiful parade of ladies in Colonial costume!’ Now this is enough to make a wooden laugh—or weep, de- pending image’s state of mind when he g upon heard it.” ‘After all, the British did surrénder,” 1l hurt somebody's feelings | | like asking the Nation to forego the cele- | bration of the Fourth of Jul The ton Daily News offers the judgment: ince Yorktown. America has had 116 years of unbroken peace with Great Britain. In one war, our latest. we have been allies. We must go on with our memory of the time we rolled John Bull in the dust. If he wants to be cven for the surrender at Yorktown in 1781 he can celebrat> the time we surrendered to him without fighting at Detroit in 1812 After that we can be friends again for another 116 years.” “‘Was ever anything more ridiculous?” asks the Roanoke World-News, with the statement as to historical consideration: | “In the first place, wiat is the sesqui- , centennial for, but to mark the 150th anniversary of that surrender. which ended the War of the Revolution and made possible the establishment of the Government of the United States? But more than that, what intelligent Brit- isher could possibly be offended if the pageant is even remotely truc to the facts of history? Has not Sir Esme Howard. British Ambassador, spokcn of Yorktown as the greatest victory for Enghish liberty? Was it not so regarded by Edmund Burke, and the great Wil- liam Pitt, and other liberal leaders in |the British Parliament? Did not the ‘eloquent Charles Fox give up a place |in ‘the North ministry to defy King | George and espouse the cause of th- | struggling American Colonies?"” — e "Sland of Wickersham | On Juveniles Hailed | From the Milwaukee Sentinel. | Attorney General Mitchell, in a pub- | lic statement, flatly denies the charges of cruelty to children confined in Fed- eral prisons. At the same time Mr. Mitchell agrecs with the main conclusions of the Wick- ersham Commission and asserts that its study and recommendaticns will ’f;}rg(y llhe Government in the position as long occupied with respect to Juvenile oftenders. i main conclusions of the com- mission were that the Federal Govern- ment is not in a position to deal satisfactorily with youthful offenders, that the welfare of juveniles will be better served if they are left under the control and supervision of local authorities and that the responsibility for caring for juvenile delinquents properly rests on ‘the communities in which they live. There can't be very much question as to the common sense of the com- mission’s recommendations and it is gratifying to know that they coincide with the views of the Federal au- thorities. The idea of putting children of 15 and 16 years of age in Federal prisons is repugnant to thoughtful persons, particularly in Wisconsin, which pos- sesses the most enlightened juvenile code of any State. Under existing laws the Federal Government is re- quired to take care of youngsters con- | victed of Federal offenses and the re- port of the Wickersham Commission opened the eyes of the public to a | startling number of juvenile convic- | tions in Federal courts. Legislation which will permit the | transfer of juvenile cases to State courts, where more enlightened meth- | os of dealing with youthful delin- | quents prevail, is sensible, humane, and | ought to be enacted without delay. Alphabet Cut. From the Milwaukee Sentinel. b.azil will dispose of three letters of ts wiphabet, runs a news item. In the | Untted States a movement to dispense | with I O and U micht receive consider- able popular support. i SR R e Truth at Last. From the Charlotte (N, C.) Ne At Palm Beach a bathing beach was sold under the hammer. ~That's one states the Worcester Evening Gazette, while the Manchester Union contends that “to discard the episoie & almost time the auctioncer didn’t mind closing that the ‘lot was covercd tade