Evening Star Newspaper, July 24, 1931, Page 6

THE F.\;'ENING STAR]“’ With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY..........July 24, 1831 THEODORE W. NOYES. ... Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 1ith St. and Pennsylvania New York Office: 110 East 4: icago Offlor: Lale Michizan uropean Ofice: 14 Regent fi.. Englan Rate by Carrler Within Fhe EVCRINE Ma"sunday miie Beening £nd. unday Siar hen s Bundays) 05¢ per month Sunday B d i ‘each menth. de at the end of ea 3 Ovhs iy B et 13 by ‘mall of delephone NAtional 3000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunda: $10.00; 1 mo.. g8c 4.00; 1 mo.. 40c Ave. 2nd 8t Building. London, the City. aily only . 6.00: 1 mo. unday only . All Other States and Canada. : 1 mo.. 8 1mo. mday only ; 1 mo.. Member of the Acsociated Press. The Assoclated Press 13 exclusively entitled to the vse for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and aiso the local news published herein. ~ All rizhts of publication of apecial dispatches herein are also reserved. _—— A Stabilized Germany. Probably none of the seven powers 1.00 i which pooled issues and interests at| London this week looks upon the ccne ference's firial results as beng so com- pletely satisfactory and far-reaching as might have been desired. Germany it- self is not likely to light bonfires orff Tempelhof Field tonight in celebration of her achievements across the Channel. Yet President Hoover is undoubtedly Justified in claiming that the London decisions have “lald sound foundations for the establishment of stability in Germany.” The rest is immediately, decidedly and urgently up to the Ger- mans themselves. They cut the figure, a week ago, of men about to collapse. London has come to their rescue, set them on their feet, and made it possible for them to walk again, heads erect, not, indeed, at that dizzy pace which unaduiterated affluence would permit, but with re- freshened energies and galvanized con- fidence. back in Berlin today with his pockets bulging with fresh foreign gold, as at one time he hoped he might. That, it was determined at London, was neither feasible nor necessary. In Mr. Hoover's words, “the major problem is one affect- ing primarily the banking and credit conditions.” It was held by the inter- national doctors who had the Reich on the operating table in England taat these conditions “can best be solv>d by the voluntary co-operation of the bank- ers of the world, rather than by gov- ernments with their conflicting inter- ests.” Such a basis of co-operation, the President contends, is now assured. Captious critics, especially those who cannot or will not see good in anything originating under the Hoover trade mark, may be expected to minimize the accomplishments of the past five weeks. They will not succeed in doing so. His- tory is destined to record that June and July of 1931, under Amcrican initiative and guidance, witnessed a perilous day staved off for Germany, for Europe and for the world. No man can prophesy the future course of events. It depends altogether on-the Germans' own powers of resistance and recuperation. With a year's moratorium on reparations and intergovernmental debts, instigated and carried through by the President of the United States, and with the adoption of a program for maintenance of short- term credits to Germany, likewise of American inspiration, the Reich has been given a great new chance to live and prosper. That, in a nutshell, is Herbert Hoover's work, and it is an achievement of which he and the Amer- jcan people have just reason to be Pproud. Having resolutely declined to become enmeshed in purely political entangle- menty like Franco-German rivalries and suspictons, this country rejoices in Pre- mier Laval's declaration, at the end of the London Conference, that the “reign of confidence” between the French and ‘German peoples has been brought con- siderably nearer by current events. “That reign once established, some of the credit for bringing it into existence will belong in Washington, too. e e Photographs of Calvin Ceolidge work- ing on the farm do not go so far 2s to show him in an effort to disposs of his agricultural products in the markets. s ahoming No consolation 1s .derived from the fact that use of wheat for fuel will re- lleve the farm worker of the necessity ot chopping wood. * it N Stock quotations are cnabling New York ticker tape to do better in justi- fying its use as confetti un occaslons of joyous eelebration. pASSTLEARE o The Chinese “Crisis” Passes. From Peiping comes reassuring word that the authorities at Tsinan, Shan- tung,” have released Dr. Francis . I. Tucker, American missionary, and turned him over 'to the custody of the American consul. This relieves & tense situatfon which if maintained longer would have seriously stfained the re- Jations between the United States and Nanking government. Dr. Tucker jl now be tried under the extrater- priality treaty by & consular court, the Chinese insist that the charge murder placed against him be As the circumstances are re- d in the dispatches the charge is likely to be sustained, and his tual release is to bz expected, in case he may find his usefulness ina at an end. appears that the seizure of Dr. r for trial by Chinese courts was at the demand of the Kuoming- or Nationalist. party, which 15 ly the government of China. dministrative authorities at Nan- frepresent that party and hold ns through its mandate. In fact, no other party in @hins except sely organized Canl “gov- t” and the military forces of uns, or war lords of ‘the north. pounsels prevailed 'at ‘Nanking the impetuous urgings of the ign radicals, who seemed to see ucker case a charce to coerce ited States into abandonment toriality. With character- fic the fact that the denounce- the treaty by Chins does not untit January and that by A - Chancellor Bruening is not concelyable stretch of law could Dr. Tucker now be made subject to the Chinese courts was ignored. For- tunately Nanking recognized these facts and an ugly complication was avoided. Eventually extraterritoriality may have to be gbolished in China, but it will be with the agréement of the powers that now enjoy that right for their nationals, and not against their will. The United States is eager to see Chine develop a government and a judiclal system that will assure full justice to all American nationals and cthers who sojourn’in that country for business or for the conduct of ‘bencficent works of charity and edu- cation. B ) Roosevelt and Illinois. Chicago’s new Democratic mayor, Anton J. Cermak, leaps into the lime- light as a member of the President- making group in the Democratic party. The Chicago mayor advances, for ex- emple, the opinion that Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York is “wet enough” to suit the Democrats of } Illinois. Purthermore, after talking with former Gov. Alfred E. Smith, Mr. Cermak expresses the opinion that Al Smith does not intend or expect to be a candidate for the presidential nominetion next year and that “in a general way” Smith is friendly to Roosevelt. While the mayor does not commit himself definitely to the New York Governor for the presidential nom- ination, he makes it appear that Roose- velt 15 by no means unacceptable to himself and other Illinois Democrats. | Mayor Cermak, having ousted “Big Bill” Thompson from office in Chicago, bulks bigger and bigger on the Demo- eratic horizon in Illinois. There is every likelihood that he will be a power in the delegation which Illinois will send to the Democratic National Con- vention. ‘The new Chicago mayor speaks with a frankness which is denled some politiclans. When he left Gov. Smith after talking to the New Yorker for more than an hour, Cermak put out the suggestion, or rather the assertion, that Smith does not intend to be a chndidate for the presidential nomination. Gov. Smith has main- tained silence regarding his own political plans for many months. Scarcely had he been defeated in the 1928 race when he was besleged with inquiries as to whether he would ever run again. To these inquiries the New Yorker replied in effect that any iman was a fool who sald what he would do so far in advance of a national campaign. And that, up to date, has been his last word on the subject. Un- doubtedly he has been urged many times tos allow himself to be put for- ward’ as & candidate for the 1932 nomination. Many of his devoted friends and supporters favor such a course. ‘With the Chicago mayor's assertion that Gov. Roosevelt is wet enough for the Democrats of the Windy City, the Roosevelt boom gets another boost. A few days ago “Jo:" Guffey, former Democratic national committeeman of Pennsylvania, and at present a real power in Pennsylvania Democratic poli- tics, made the bald assertion that Gov. Roosevelt would have sixty-six of Penn- sylvania's seventy-two delegates at the Democratic National Convention, first, last and all the time. Pennsylvania and Tilinots, outside of New York, have the largest delegations in the national con- ventions. With New York they can probably dominate the situation and force a nomination. The Roosevelt band-wagon is fast becoming crowded. The New York Governor declines to talk national politics for publication. He is still not an avowed candidate for the nom- ination. How much longer he will be able to maintain such an attitude is doubtful. At any rate, it will not be many months until the presidential preferential primaries open in nearly a score of the States. It is then that candidacies become more and more open. Some of those who would oppose the nomination of Gov. Roosevelt are beseeching Newton D. Baker of Ohio to get into the race. That State is one of those which hold a presidential preferential primary next Spring. But no candidate may be voted for in that primary unless he gives his consent. So far Mr. Baker has been reluctant to enter the lists. —— e Communism is favorably discussed by { career.” persons who would shudder at the thought of civil war. Yet “Commun’sm” Jeft to its own impeguosity invariably means just that. ~ —— Hollywood actors are said to “high hat” authors. The high hat goes with the h'gh salary. T e Hawks Hops to Havana. ‘There is just no use in any fiyer try- ing to hold a record for speed as long as Capt. Frank Hawks is around. For ro sooner does anybody do a bit of winging at better than the established time than this amazing pilot hops off and lowers the score. The other day James G. Hall flew from New York to Havana in what was set down as the new record for such a trip. Yesterday Hawks, alert for an opportunity to drive his plane against time, made the round trip between New York and Havana in seventeen hours, two minutes and fifty seconds, a totalVdistance of 2,808 miles. He took more than an hour off his own record and cut twenty-nine minutes from that made by Hall. He made five stops in all on.the round trip, one of rseventeen minutes on the southward flight at Wilmington for fuel; another of fifteen minutes at Miam, also for fu:l; & third at Havana, his goal, of an hour and twelve min- utes, in which time he lunched with Ambassador Guggenheim, and on the return trip stopped fiftesn and twenty minutes, respfctively, at Miami and Wilmington for replenishment of his tanks, Hawks' average speed for the whole flight was 197 miles an hour. On the last l:g, from Wilmington to New York, his pace was 230 miles an hour. This speed was maintained to dodge some thunderstorms that were encoun- tered. Hawks has a way of carrying on despite the weathr, going above a storm if possible or speeding through it. These performances of this remark- able pilot are pacemakers for the prac- tical aviation of tomorrow. Hawks is demonstrating ths possibilities of good planes and good driving. He is a path- finder of the air. It is such men as he who advance aviation, as other arts, So far he has had remarkable success. He has tiken some dangerous chances. ing THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, JULY 24, 1931 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Perhaps he is extraordinarily lucky. More likely he is extraordinarily skill- | ful. A man makes humluckun' rule, Some day h: may crash, but it will probably be through the sfault of the plane and not of hlm.sslf, less he grows really reckless and overstrains his own judgment. Yesterday in his flight he was bothered for most of the muu' by a defective ignition switch, but he managed his plane perfectly, neverthe- less, A round trip between New York and Havana between dawn and dusk is truly an astounding performance, and yet probebly more remarkable achievements in aviation are due in a short time. In spite of all his long and promi- nent experience in governmental af- fairs, the former German Kailser is not of much assistance in straightening out his country's perplexities. He is left to his gardening undisturbed. There is no prospect of his sharing the glory of Cincinnatus in being summoned by his public from the flelds. — gt Relatives of Willlam Jennings Bryan who are figuring importantly in public life do not revive the 16-to-1 idea as conspicuously as might be expected by those who are still champlons of silver | D! money. e\ Many who owe larger or smaller amounts are inclined to request an ex- tension of time. The moratorium ex- pedient has to be watched closely to prevent it from suddenly becoming too popular, .- One way to cause a railroad company to assume a more hopeful attitude con- cerning its earning possibilities might be to organize a serious movement to persuade the Government to buy it. ———o——— Values, some of them artificial, that are being placed on motion picture pub- licity create doubts as to whether a £ divorce cannot be less a tragedy of sen- timent than a commercial incident. e The one-hour parking restriction and its variations serve to increase the mathematical ¢ares of the motorist by introducing into his caleulation the “time dimensions.” é o o France is willing to make diplomatic conversations as agreeable as possible in the hope usually of prolonging them | just sufficiently to enable Paris to have the last word. ——e— e As an agitator Trotsky is personally safer in exile than he would be in So- viet citizenship. The only way to dis- arm him would be to take away his trusty typewriter. e Plain citizens of New York in many cases pride themselves on being able to perpetuate quaint old fashions, such, for instance, as the nickel carfare. - oo SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Non-Interference. When yvou see a man dat's doin’ de best | he kin, A-takin’ off his coat an’ jes' a-pilin’ in, Don't stan’ around a-criticisin’ of his skill; If you can't help none, you kin at least keep still. A heap o' people when dey meets a busy man Imagines dey’s important if dey blocks his plan. Dey climbs on de wagon when fit's pullin’ up a hill, Dey can't help none an' dey won't keep still. A few of us is heroes, but a lot jes' drifts along, A-dreamin’ in de sunshine or a-singin’ of a song, If we can't assist de folks dat is a- toilin’ wif a will, We kin do dis little favor; we kin jes' keep still. Fortified. “That man has had a rather devious “Yes. But he isn't worried about any actual retribution. When it comes to a finish he has enough confession ma- terial on hand to keep an investigation going for the rest of his natural life.” Carefully Directed Gage. “You always keep your eyes on the music,” said the leader of the band. “Haven't you learned these tunes by heart yet?” “Yes,” replied the cornetist; “but my" wife doesn’t allow me to look at the dancing.” Parodied " for Present Purposes. So when a great man dies, Full many an eager pen Writes what would fill him with surprise If he were here again. Personal Selection. “I don't believe half the things I read,” said the cynical neighbor. “Well,” replied Farmer Corntossel, “maybe you're one of these people who can't injoy themselves unless they're readin’ things thet ain't so.” Making Distinctions, “Does your husband play bridge?” “Certainly not,” replied Mrs, Flimgilt. “He does very well as a partner through life, but a . partner at bridge has a position of some responsibility.” Broken Wail. A seaside sojourner returned to the city and composed the following wail: Break, Break, Break On thy cold gray stones, oh Sea; For whatever you do, I am certain that you In broke ness can't equal me. “De man dat has an ax to grind,” said Uncle Eben, “mos’ly ain’ satisfied onless you finish up by choppin’ his wood for him.” Back to Normaley. From the Milwaukee Sentlnel. Two men were killed in a ° Coffee Serves Brazil From the Toledo Blade. Coffee has two periods for keeping Brazil awake—when business is good and when it isn't. Negligent. From the Davton Daily News. ¥ A film cowboy was while driving. his left home auto, bav- er his h A group of Summer school children were having & great debate as to ;vhetha’r’ ld?}s of July contains 0 _or The “live wire” of the crowd in- lu;’ed on ”':u smaller nuhsg:;o! e low, evéry neundur‘yl p has its “live wire.” He Is the life of the rty, the wise boy who not only “knows, it all,” but usually just & little bit more. This young gentleman had sprakling eyes, M;It.lluln‘ x.l\';;;l'. quick movements mg ve opinions. ”mz one of the young ladies in the n‘;ilu 'nhmhch:ofl:w' he “insisted that July has . She finally convinced {:lm of the in- adequacy of his views by quoting the ancient rhyme, beginning “Thirty days hath September, ete.” 4 * xk % Perhaps few people know that there is a’much easier way 10 remember the number of days in the various months than by resorting to the dubious prac- tice of scanning. Counting across the ‘knuckles and depressions of the hand, W the fingers join on, is the surest method. ing at the knuckle of the lit- tle finger, which stands for January, one counts straight ac: February in the hollow. Months on the knuckles have 31 days. ‘These in the depressions have but 30 days each, with the exception of Pebruary. July, by this system, comes on the knuckle of the index finger. jumps back to the little finger knuckle in for August, with its 31 dnfi Thus July and August are seen to two 31-day months in succession. ber, counting straight on again, comes on the knuckles of the sec- ond finger, so has 31 days. To begin the year again, one goes back to the knuckle of the little finger. ‘This method visibly demonstrates that July and August and December and January are the only pairs of suc- ceeding months which have 31 days each. * kK % Few students will admit the part the | hands play in the educative processes. Yet there are thousands—we were ing to say millions—who use their | gers {o count. One of the most scholarly gentlemen in Washington insists that he cannot | atd so simple & sum as 9 plus 7 with- out Tesorting to his fingers. He has a regular system. He adds by rhythmical thumps of his fingers, preferably of the left hand, | upon the arm of a chair or desk. | The number “9” he does in ‘three rapid clicks of “threes,” beginning with | the little finger. Thus, 1f he is adding | 9 to 7, he declares, “Eight, nine, un“‘ “leven,’ twelve, thirteen—fourteen, Af- | teen, sixteen.” Each number, mentally repeated, is | counted off with a thump of a finger. | Six goes to the tune of two groups | of “threes Eight frips off in two rolls of four | digits each. Similarly, all other num- | bers have their appropriate groupings, which enable this manual mathema- ticlan to count accurately. * %ok % He says that if he were to rely solely | on the use of his brain for adding he | would forever make mistakes, but that with his own private system he is al- | most invariably right. | The gentleman has® the common | sense to keep the matter entirely to| himself. Many persons who use some | such method themselves would be the ' first to laugh at him, he declares. There has been some tendency in| education during the past decade to cry down the old belief that there! were, in the main, two distinctive temperaments amq the mathematical ‘There is no reason, it is declared, why every human being cannot ad subtract, multiply, and so. on, as well as any other human being. Algebra, geometry, logarithms, cal- culus and the higher reaches of mathematics are supposed to be as llr‘nlzlz as 2 plus 2 to the determined mind. All you have to do, one is told, is to use a little will power, along with intelligence, and every last Jack of us will turn out little Einsteins. * ok k% Well, have it your way, sir, but for millions of us there will never be any relish for mathematics, either in its simpler or more ccmplex branches. Our hats are off to all mathe- maticians, from Archimedes and Euclid down, but we know we cannot emulate them and we shall not 3 Ours is the distinction of the “Iiterary umpe;nmem.‘d’ ‘That term does not mean, necessarily, that one is going to produce great worfl of literature. It does mean, however, that the “cast” or “bent” of one's trusty mind is not along the lines of mathematics and related ldcllzncea. & ‘This division of human bein, been demonstrated so many M.rnr‘: that there is no possible argument about it any longer. 1f, indeed, it is possible for 21l men to be mathematically inclined, all that one can say is that the teaching methods have been very faulty. It will be found, in an overwhelming number of cases, that the boy who “likes to read,” as the saying is, seldom has any natural fondness for the mathe- matical arts. He seldom cares for sclence, except in a theoretical way; does not excel, as a rule, in manual | Th excrcises, such as carpentry, and most often is given to the artistic as against the practical. . * ok ok ¥ ‘There is no greater' punishment in this world than to force a child with a natural literary turn of mind to work away at mathematics. It is extremely doubtful whether the reverse can be sald with equal justice— that there is no greater punishment than to force the mathematical child to write themes, for instance. ‘The difference lles right here: That while the latter child may find his task distasteful, he will in the end, through the very amplitude of words, find him- self in possession of a finished article in which no one can point out the one | supreme mistake. It may lack all grace, all endeavor to be good; it may be subnormal even; but so long as it is grammatically cor- Tect no one can teke its author by the throat and declare, “Here, you are no genius.” The child who adds up a long column of figures, however, is ail too_patnfully aware where the mistake is. It is right there at the bottom, under the drawn line. And it is no trick at ail for teacher to point out the exact divergence from the perfect sum. Thus there is something essentially cheap, almost, about mathematical Tesults, with their one perfect answer The liferary mind knows that there is no one perfect answer to anything in life, but that there may be several answers, many answers, to fit cases. That is why this type of mind will continue to insist that literature, since it is flexible, as life is. is more human, and more to be desired, than the hard, pure truths of mathematics. There is no place for kindness or love or faith in mathematics. That is why science must ever be the servant of the humanities. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. No feature of the German debt set-| tlement—such 8s it is—causes more ratisfaction in Washington than the American eagle’s emergence from it with all his tail feathers intact. Now that it can be told, it wasn't always dead sure that the old bird would sur- vive so successfully the closest shave he’s had since the World War. The danger that the United States, by hook or by crook, would b: dragged into genuine political entanglements at some stage of the German business was a real one. It was escaped. Uncle Szm, as a Government, comes out of it as beart’ whole and fancy free as | ever. He has no more international commitments than he had before. He has removed a good deal of the isolation | rouge with which his rugged face has been painted during the past 12 years. “Uncle Shylock,” as a European epithet, has lost all the meaning it ever had. if_any. American leadership in world aflairs is re-established. But beyond these developments, these United States are as they were—uncompromised, sov- ereign and of good conscience, an in- dependent, self-respecting member of the family of nations. * ok ok ok Those who were all set, earlier in | the week, for the political obsequies of one Henry Lewis Stimson will have to call off arrangements for the funeral. There ain’t going to be none. Yarns to the effect that the Secretary of State is persona non grata at the White House because of the London mix-up over the “new Hoover plan” were blown up last night by the President himself. His cablegram of congratulations to Stimson for the “able manner” in which the colonel comported himself effec- tually disposes of the suggestion that the Hoover premier was headed for ti scrap heap. The President, as a ma ter of fact, is enthusiastic over Stim- son’s diplomacy at London. What pleases Hoover the most is the tenacity end final success with which the Sec- Tetary of State stood out against all at- tempts—mainly of French erigin—to turn the conference into a political affair. - Stimson’s orders were to oppose such efforts tooth and nail and to con- fine discussions at Every stage to purely econontic and financial phases. * * x % Over and above specific considera- tions, the Hoover strategy throughout the German crisis was to keep it out of the hands of governments, as far as possible, and in the hands of bank- ers. Necessarily the lead had to be taken by governments, as it was taken by him. That having been done, the President's determined policy was to leave “the major problem of banking and credit conditions” where he be- | lieves it exclusively belongs, i.e., with the gentlemen of money, here and in Europe. Reports like Secretary Stim- son’s alleged intention of offering “further American aid” when he reaches Berlin should be taken with a large dose of salt. Unless Mr. Hoover’s Y,urpwu undergo a sudden change, the . 8. A. will, for the present at least, rest on its laurels. the floor, and how! * ok ok % There is & notable omissiod in the ‘White House ‘communique bulletining and acclaiming final results at London. The nklme OK‘DI‘ certain eminent Euro- pean, known ame as Aristide Briand, 1s conspicuously missing from the presi- dential bouquet. Premier Laval is the only Frenc] who gets honorable Germany now has T mention. The inside of all this is that Briand, throughout the Hoover debt campaign, was notoriously sidetracked by his own government. The architect in chief of the “United States of Eu- rope” sat in at the various private con- ferences among French, British, can and German statesmen, He was at London. But his was a still, stall voice. It niever was allowed to above the stentorian. tone .of Premier Pierre Laval. The man who, six months £go, was Europe's dominant. statestan, was doomed to play a wholly innocuous role in the most momentous situation since Ve aft- | in 56 napping by the German-Austrian tarif eal. mination henceforward to boss the show in more keeping with the “French Em- pire’s” far-flung dreams than the con- ciliatory Briand typifies. * % ¥ * It's an open secret that there was not 100 per cent harmony amorg all mem- bers of the administration family at Washington during the late unpleasant- ness. It was not a rift in the Hoover- Stimson lute. A resignation is still within the rea!m of possibilities, but it would be outside the cabinet. * oo ox Will Rogers has lorg had a double in Washingtcn—Charles Griffith Ross, chief correspondent of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He is not, let it be observed in passing, either the lost “Charley Ross” in_person or even any kin of that eternally elusive youth. A couple of years ago Ross submitted the manuscript of an interview to President Coolidge. Cal looked it over, O. K.'d it and ordered -it returned to the author, whose name wasn't on the document. Secretary Ted Clark asked Coolidge to whom to send the stuff. “Forgotten his name,” drawled the sage of Northamp- ton, “but it's that fellow who looks like ‘Wil Rogers.” . * K ok * Secretary Mellon did not, after all, have to go without a bath at Cambridge, England, last month, he was attending the graduation of his son Paul, News dispatches having chronicled that our plutocratic Secretary of the Treasury put up at an ancient Cam- bridge inn which doesn't go in for modernistic doo-hickeys like rooms with baths, the proprietor of the hostelry Another cause is Laval's deter- | Nature’s Voice Calls . For Justice for “Them” To the Editor of The Star: volved in the turmoil of th said:. “ jong human % and the nu::‘rl;.n o L I men of the 'wldl.thl‘m{z:fi calami all civilization.” is about to befl No or patriotic en- deavor can compare with a thoug disposit! old, which is stupid and futile. In the bacl und there are influences striv- ing always to divert attention from matters of the utmost importance in our immediate surroundings by keep- ing_matters of little or no importance under discussion. _ This influence, whether stupid or cudious, is criminal because ignorance is a crime contem- plating those who influence legislation or sway public opinion. Amid the greatest accumulations of ‘wealth we find the poverty, with all its misery and anguish, that is the largest contribut| factor in crime and all our social No animal—except those subjugated, like men—Ilives in want and misery in the midst of plenty and comfort. Existing conditions are not natural, but inflicted by man-made law legalizing such domination by monopo- listic enterprises. Though all the bards of earth were dead, And all their music passed away; ‘What Nature wishes to be sald, She will find a voice to say. There is a law that comprehends time in matter, force and life. Violation of Ium. law, by the individual or by so- clety, insures a penalty because what Nature requires must be delivered. Na- ture gives to labor, and to labor alone. ere must be human work before sustenance or any article of wealth can be produced. In the natural order of things the man who toiled honestly and well would be rich, and he who did not work would be poor, but we have so reversed the natural order of things that we are accustomed to think of the working man as the poor b Quoting Abraham Lincoln: “Inas- much as most good things are produced by labor, it follows that such things of right belong to those whose labor has produced them. But it has so hap- pened, in all ages of the world, that some have labored, and others, without labor, have enjoyed a large portion of the fruit thereof. This is wrong, and should not continue. To secure for each laborer the whole product of his labor, or as nearly as may be, is a worthy subject for any good government.” Quoting Nicholas Murray Butler: “Repetition is perhaps the only way by which a self-centered and somnolent public opinion can be stirred to look | deeply before it is too late to stem the |tide of discontent, of disorder and of | political and economic revolution. Great | masses of men will not indefinitely sit quietly by and see themselves and those dependent upon them reduced to penury and want while that which we cail civilization has so much to offer, com- mands sueh stupendous resources and seems capable of accomplishing almost anything” and then he adds: “Some- where and somehow there is & gap, & want of balance, in our social, our economic and our political system which we have not found ways and means to fll or supply.” This is the general assumption and it is wrong. The conditions of which we complain are not the result of omis- | sion, but of commission, and they are not to be remedied by anything “‘we" can do for “them"—by robbing Peter to pay Paul. This idea, the protection of the masses, has in all times becn the pretext of tyranny—the plea of mon- archy, of aristocracy, of special privi- lege of every kind. It will be a step in the right direction when we eliminate any discussion about what “we” should do for “them” which should have been discontinued on the Fourth of July, 1776. When we yield to others their rights we make our own more secure and aristocracy has found occasion to complain about what “they” did to “us.” J. B. CHAMBERLAIN., No Hope Save in Socialism For These United States To_the Editor of The St ‘What has become of “rugged individ- ualism” and “private initiative” in Ger- many? Are these great (?) principles to be applied only to this Nation? The sad truth is that both fail when con- fronted by any serious problem or by competition from either Socialism or Communism. Communism never makes any progress until the financial pluto- crats take from the masses of the people their “individualism” and make economic slaves of them. Frankly, Communism always depends upon the chaos inherent in advanced stages of capitalism. Even in normal times in this Nation “rugged individualism” and ‘“private initiative” have never succeeded except by artificial stimull. American history, | both political and economic, gives nu- merous instances where “doles” have been cheerfully given to private capital directly and indirectly from the nation- al and State treasuries. Discriminatory and preferential tariff rates, State and Federal grants of land, tax exemptions often offered by municipal governments to specially favored industries, not to mention special cash subsidies from State treasuries granted by Legislatures to the railroads in the ploneer railroad construction period—all these are but a few instances of “doles” given to in- dustry. Income tax refunds is the latest method of reducing taxes for ich. has forwarded an indignant protest to| the rich. this country. He points out that while the inn’s origin is obscure, it was re- bullt in 1546 and has undergone “fre- quent improvements” in the intervening 385 yeal ‘The establishment, he re- monstrates, has “plenty of baths,” no fewer than three being on the floor which the Mellon party inhabited. L Current suggestions that the Demo- crats will invade the enemy's country (Hoover's home State) and nominate their 1932 ticket in San Francisco led to an investigation of the theory that a convention State automatically be- comes fighting ground for the party in question, Since 1876 the Democrats have only once won a State of the “nor- mally” opposite political faith in which they convened. That was in 1892, when normally Republican Illinois went Dem- ocratic for Grover Cleveland. (Copyright, 1931.) Auto Title Notices Should Be Mailed To_the Editor of The Star: I have just returned from an ex- tended business trip and was surprised 10 learn through the columns of the July 21 issue of The Star that titles axe now required for automobiles be- fore licenses will be issued. Had I fafled to notice this warning, there is a probability that I would have had a very uncomfortable . feeling; mingled with a degree of incense, about the first of the year. Would it not be most effcient, logical and business-like for the traffic de- partment to mail these applications to present license holders with an explan- atory letter? Surely the time of each individual spent in obtaining a blank is of more value expect better results, as I am reasonably certain _there who were away from the city at owners rise | the time this ruling wzs issued and arc ignorant of it. GEORGE A. COOPER. . ‘Who's the Doctor? Prom the Omaha woru-mm £ Maryland family has no ryyurl.'lmt m'c name of the family doctor 18 not given, Maybe there wasn't - many automobile | of Under organized government in this epoch, “individualism” is synonymous with anarchy and chaos. This is also true in our economic life. The age of indiwdualism has long since past. We are now in the age of co-operation, “believe it or not.” Numerous laws (many of them unnecessary) seriously restrict the individual freedom of the many, yet practically free reign is given in actual administration of the laws to the greedy and self-seeking capitalist S0 that he can pile up more millions to evade more taxes, ad infinitum. Great care is taken, on the other hand, to prevent the average ambitious work- er from getting “too much” in the way of compensation. He is exploited every way he turns. Legal and illegal restric- tions, arbitrary and unreasonable . lations, hedge in from all si He must be within certain age limits, must have had certain experience, edu- cational and physical qualifications, de- spite the fact that those who may now be in the same positions do not nor could not have these qualifications. Discriminations in many are ridiculous. - Capitalism and Communism same methods to attain their ends, although their aims are Both systems in our present stage of eco- nomic development here and abroad breed nothing but chaos, anarchy and human and material wrecmk;re Socialism is the happy medium which both the United States and Russia must adopt, else the common people will all be “ragged” individualists as they are even oo eeu::w:d slaves without hope of substan lvance- ment. Hopelessness breeds despair. e , desperate. We the two old socialistic program before it is too late. Pl.l'l!',.h:e should push: Con- the | ETocedure,’ is and o of the mines an ition and’ operate them for the t of all the people in- ‘stead of for the coupon clippers. If the Progressives in will cral of like wnll!fl and space. It reaches to the infinitesimal | w; DS | of new evidence or et 'ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. highl! organized institution has been built up is under the personal direction of J. in. By keeping in con- with Federal bureaus and cational enterprises it is in a pass on to you authoritative n of the highest order. Sub- your queries to the staff of experts are put at your free dis- is no charge except 2 kin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. What 4s the name of the blind Senator Thomas Schall's dog?—W. C. A. His name is La Salle, but the Sen- ator ealls him Lux. Q. How many notes, postage stamps ;ng‘ regmu stamps are printed daily?— A 'An av figure for the daily issuance of e{l:e‘lee articles is: Notes or bills, 3,500,000; ordinary postage stamps, 55,000,000; revenue stamps, 30,000,000. Q. Was Hambletonian X the holder of many important tecords?—G. T. A Hambletonian X never ran a race in his life, although the sire of some 200 purse winners. Q. How many people lived in Wash- ln:t%n. D. @, during the Civil War?— A. After the declaration of war changed in a few months from a small, slow-moving city of 61,- 400 to a bustling city of about 250,000. ‘This average was maintained through- out the war. B Q. Why is the expression, “an IDiad of woes” used?>—R. F. A. There is scarcely a calamity which does not find mention in the “Iliad.” Therefore, & succession of misfortunes is sometimes called “an Iliad of woes.” Q. What does the Japanese word “maru” mean?—A. H. 8. A. It means ship. It is used in the names of Japanese merchant vessels to distinguish them from warships and other craft. It is not known just how the word came to acquire its present significance. Apparently it is derived | from the Chinese character meaning ' anything round or circular. Q. What was the first serial story written in America?—H. T. K. A Mrs. /'E. D. E. N. Southworth's | “Retribution,” 1843, is said to have been the first Q. Who designed the Folger Shakes- peare_Memorial Building in Washing- | ton, D. C.>—C. D. N. | A. Paul P. Cret of Philadelphia, Pa. | i Q. Why is Old Bailey 80 called’—S. 8, A. A bafley was an open space ine closed by a fortification. If more than one line of fortification Was present there was an inner bailey and an outer baifley. Old Bailey in Londor is sit- uated in one of the baileys that was a part of the old city fortifications. Q. What was name of the in- ventor who built a dirigible in 18782 Is he still living?—M. A. G. A. Caesar Spiegler, pioneer aeronau- tical inventor, built and operated a dirigible in that year. He died on Au- gust 25, 1930, at Bethlehem, Pa, Q. What outstanding gift did Mr, Ford make to education in the South in 1930?—R. L. M. A. Mr.’and Mrs. Henry Ford gave $1.- 000,000 to the Berry Schools at Mount Berry, Ga. Q. What is the original name of Mount Vernon?—E. T. J. A. The farm was known as the Hunt- ing Creck estate. Lawrence Washing- ton changed the name in honor of Ad- miral Vernon, under whom he served against Spain. Q. What is the Family Altar League? —E.B. K. » A. 1t is a world-wide company of peo- ple who have made a covenant to main- tain a family altar in their The headquarters is at 828 Salle street, Chicago, TIL Q. Where and when was the eradi- cation of bovine tuberculosis started? —A. L. A. The Bureau of Animal Industry says that eradication of tuberculosis in cattle was started in Pennsylvania in 1892 and 1893. The general campaign was not started until 1917, in which campaign 15 or 20 States participated. » Q. At what time was the old-time cufe few bell rung?—C. L. A. In the reigns of William I and I¥ it rang at sunset in the Summer-time and at 8 o'clock in the Winter. Lights and fires were then to be extinguished. Q. What States require the hand sig- na] in traffic regulations>—E. H. . A summary of State motor vehicle regulations just prepared by the Amer- ican Automobile Association reports that all but three States have a ruling on hand signals by drivers. These three are Kansas, Oklahoma and Rhode Island. Of the 45 States having & ruling on this matter, all but 7T namely, Maine, Mississippi, New Hamp- <hire, South Carolina, Tennessee, Wise consin and Wyoming, require the hand signal. The seven States mentioned do | not require the hand signal. Q. How many lives were lost in the Ohio Penitentiary fire?>—C. A. N. A. This fire occurred April 21, 1930, and 320 lives were lost. Revived by California law, which prevents the| granting of & new trial after an accused | person has been convicted and sen- tenced and the legal period for appeal has passed, even though new evidence is offered, again is subject to public| scrutiny, as a result of the condemna- tion by the Wickersham Law Enforce- ment Commission of tte failure of ap- | peals in the Mooney-Billings trials. Some opinions agree with that of the commission that the matter is “shock- ing to one's sense of justice,” but others still believe that the power of the State | executive is sufficient guarantee of | Justice. The conviction that -the’ Wickersham | Commission “does a righteous " in condemning this miscarriage of justice” | is voiced by the Topeka Daily Capital, | with the further statement that “the citation of this case by the commission probably will assure freedom for Mooney and Billings.” The Lynchburg News holds that this report, “utterly con- demning the inferior courts of the States, as well as the superior courts of California, has a great deal in it that | | every one familiar with such courts wik | admit is a fair indictment.” Linking it with the case of former Secretary Fall, | the News comments: “No doubt many | a case of injustice in the inferior courts | of the States could be cited, but the influence of those courts is not wide- | spread, whereas the influence of a Fed- eral court in such a case as that of | Fall is Nation-wide.” The Lynchburg paper condemns an attitude favorable to Fall. “There is no longer room for doubt,” according to the Duluth Herald, “that the Mooney and Billings case is a dark blot of injustice in the American rec- ord, when so conservative a body as the ‘Wickersham Commission embodies in one of its reports a sharp condemnation of this egregious situation.” The Lex- ington Leader holds that while “there was general press criticism at the time a new trial was refused, it remained for the Wickersham Commission to show the grossness of the failure of justice, and to lay before the people facts which should bring about radical changes in proceduré throughout the country.” * k% % As to the requirments of the law of California, the San Francisco Chronicle offers the defense: “The Wickersham report laments that under the law of California, and other States as well, the courts lack power to reopen a criminal case on new evidence after the accused has been convicted and sen- tenced and the legal period for appeal has passed. The criticism opens a moot point. First off, it may appear that courts. should have power to Teopen criminal cases when, after conviction and sentence, material evidence is dis- covered tending. to cast doubt on the conviction. At the present time courts, not only in California, but in other States, do not have this authority, even though evidence may be discovered em- phatically clearing the accused. But second thought asks why this power was withheld from the c@urts. Un- doubtedly it was to save the courts from being flooded with appeals for reopen- ing on trivial grounds. The State con- stitution did not leave the wrongfully convicted person without a remedy. It imvested 'K Governor wlll;l the power to pardon. In any case where a con- victed person is able later to produce evidence proving his innocence he can lay it before the Governor, who has the remedy in his hands.” “No recommendation is made that the men be granted a new trial,” ob- serves the Newark Evening News, with the comment: “Of what avail would such a recommendation be? The com- mission is & Federal body and Mooney and .Billings are in a California State prison because of California’s intarpre- tation of California law. And that is as prominent an example of politics and prejudice as any revealed in the New York courts. The report is a text book for citizens, any one of whom under the modern passion for laws, ordinances and regulations may sud- denly find himself combating po- litico-legal racket.” R “Examination. shows,” according to the New York Evening Post, “that the in its report on ‘Criminal merely reprehending Cali- fornia’s lack of a law permitting mo- tion for a new trial upon the discovery e nce of periury_. Fair-minded people cannot object to this obvious truth. As for the report it- self, it seems to be a singularly ineffec- tive instrument. Criminal procedure in the United States is today a national | topmost ~ problems |with a strong. clear program might 3 Mooney and Billings Dispute Federal Report disgrace. It is mot too much to say that it ranks as one of our very few A rigorous report have been sufficient to arouse a public determination to do something about t.” The commission’s 14 points of reform {are admirable enough, but they cer- tainly are not fundamental. If all of them were put into effect\ we would have little assurance that the profese sional criminal, the gang murderer, the racketeer, would not continue to laugh at the courts as he does today.” “The commission,” in the judgment of the Baltimore Sun, “is composed of men who can be counted on to take a careful, even conservative, view of any such controversial topic as the Mooney case, and who can scarcely be accused of ‘liberal’ bias.” The Worcester Evew ning Gazette recalls that the commis- | sion “advises State adoption of methods. recommended by the American Law In- stitute,” but adds: “A good deal of valuable work has been done by the commission. Better results might have been secured if its field had been more limited. Commissioner Lemann of New Orleans, who refused to sign the joint prohibition report, declined to subscribe to the present findings, saying the facts presented were insufficient for him to join in the ‘confident assertions’ and blanket statements as to evils and remedies. And in the long run the pub- lic may very well come to agree with him that this ‘fact-finding’ commission was chiefly notable for its failure to rcl‘xsre any very convincing array of Plant Warning Posts in Roads at Crossings To_the Editor of The Star: The deplorable accident at the Ber- wyn crossing of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is the second there in the last 10 years. The one at Lake- land last month and an incident at College Park, where I reside, and in which at that crossing about two years 8go I escaped with my life by a two- second margin, inspire me to renew a campaign for more safety at road-level crossings with railroads.’ As auto speed increases more and more, we should study the psychology of driving. The driver should con- centrate mind and eye straight ahead. He has no time to look to right, left or rear. The rear is well provided for by the simple extension of the left hand and by the operation of automatic lights. now attached to the rear end of cars. Railroads do not recognize this neces- sity for straight-ahead vision in auto driving, but place their warning signs ' and signals to the right of straighte head vision, just as they did in the days of old Dobbin. In many places’ these signs may become partly ob- scured. The stop-look-and-listen rule is excellent and absolutely safe, ‘but does not harmonize with present auto * mentality, especially when signals are set 2,000 feet away from the tracks, thus meriting some efforts to beat the train to the ercssing. While there are many automatic and mind-controlled barriers installed by the railroads, they are generally of considerable cost. With the mounting financial difficulties of the railroads, they cannot be blamed for hesitating to install expensive safe= guards at every country crossroad. Now, my plan is simply to set &« series of heavy posts exactly in the center of the dirt road about 3 feet apart and extending from, say, about 4 fe’t of the railroad bed to each outside line of railroad right of way. This would cover about 20 feet, re- quifing six or seven posts on each side, extending in line along the center of the road. Warning signs, movable sig~ nals and the like should be pliced on the end posts at right-of-way edge at the usual height. Now, the mental phase involved is that drunks, absent-minded, careless and inexperienced drivers will see the obstruction ahead and slow down. Few there are now who would not drive to the right, being already slowed down, They will drive slowly along the line of posts. The panic-stricken driver would more likely swing to the left into the posts than to try to cross ahead of the train. In my interviews two years ago with raflroad officials I found the Baltimore & Ohio management and the A. A. A. heads indifferent to the sugg ‘The Souhern Ra! , I found, had already put the plan in operation to the extent of placing traffic signals in the center of dirt rogds. They were well pleased with the results, but said they found State laws very conflicting on such procedure and were not making e pablic cun be inierested through can Y discussion in_the columns of newspapers and sufficient - interest aroused for a trial of the plan at some believe that much