Evening Star Newspaper, July 23, 1931, Page 8

A—8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.......July 23, 1931 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 1ith St. and Pennsylvania Ave. 110 East 42nd Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star.............45c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 60c per month Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dailv and Sunday. Daily only Bunday only ' All Other States and Canada. aily and Sunday. 1mo.. $1.00 Daily only 15¢ Ainday only 80¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to the vse for republication of all news dis- patenes credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rizhts of publication of special dispatches herein are also reser et = Blaming the Dead Men. ‘The verdict of a coroner’s jury hold- ing the train crew responsible for the grade-crossing accident at Berwyn will undoubtedly take rank among fantastic decisions. To hold the driver of the automobile, stalled between the gates and on the right of way in the path of an approaching express train, blameless is to take a conceivably reasonable view of an unusual series of circumstances. But to place the blame on the engine crew, driving a train at high speed over a theoretically clear track and depend- irg on others to keep it clear, is to charge them something that it would have been Rumanly impossible to do. Granting the jury's finding that the engine crew had clear vision of the crossing for half & mile and granting that the engineer saw the stalled automobile half a mile away, it is absurd to attribute his fail- ure to stop to any negligence on his part. It would require a mile or more to bring a heavy train of steel cars to & stop, running at the speed of the Co- lumbian, one of the Baltimore & Ohio's fastest expresscs. The train’s brakes were set when it hit the car. It ran a quarter of a mile beyond the crossing before it could be brought to a stop. But the jury’s vordict, as faulty as it may be in the light of practical con- siderations, is not difficult to explain. A fearful grade-crossing accident at Berwyn several years ago Tesulted in the installation of the gates. Before that the crossing was lacking in such protection. Within the last few montbs an accident at an unprotected grade crossing at Lakeland, about a mile from erwyn, took the lives of two persons in an automobile. There have been other grade-crossing accidents at Ber- wyn. There is an obvious feeling of resentment among the citizens that takes form in condemnation of the rail- road, and, in this case, a rather blind heaping of blame upon its employes in charge of the train. The findings of the coroner’s jury may not hold water as an expert appraisal of personal re- sponsibility, but it becomes another in- dictment of the always present risk that results from grade crossings. The evidence at the inquest raises the question as to the adequacy of the gates at Berwyn. From the versions of witnesses, the car ran on the cross- ing after one gate had been lowered, and just as the other gate was coming down. If the gates were properly syn- * chronized, they would lower together, and it is obvious that had the gate on t3e driver’s side of the track been down, the accident may have been prevented. The gates are supposed to be lowered when the ticker in the depot begins to sound, and the ticker begins to sound when the train is about a mile away. With the train traveling at sixty miles an hour, this gives the watchman only a minute to lower the gates. Ninety-nine times out of a hun- dred that might be ample warning. But in this case it was not. A re- porter, clocking the warning bell and the lowering of the gates last night, found that only fiity seconds elapsed between - the time that the bell began to ring and the train thundered over the crossing. That is cutting the warn- 1ng too short. ——r—t———————— War is not necessary to the develop- ment of heroes. Aviation provides op- portunities for triumphal rejoicing, which can be complete in their en- thusiasm only when there is no sacrifice of life. o Increase of rates for freight carrying will benefit railroads. Even greater benefit will be realized from the indus- trial recovery now on the way which will open markets and offer more freight to be carried. e Russian politicians will scarcely re- gard Germany's one-year moratorium as likely to prove satisfactory. Nothing short of a five-year plan appeals to.the Soviet reconstructionist. ——e— Arab and Jew. * Out on the fringes of the Near East are two peoplss whose interests and traditions have now and then clashed with sanguinary results—the races which since the Middle Ages have called Palestine their own. Arab and Jaw, living side by side under the anomalous conditions created by Great Britain when it accepted the League of Natians' mandate over the Holy Land, have not found it possible always to dwell in brotherly love. Whether the Wailing Wall, recently the subject of adjudication by & British commission of inquiry, will never again be the ob- Ject of strife is a question only time and experience can answer. As far as the Jews of Palestine are concerned, there is evidently to be no lack of effort to bring about harmony with their Arab neighbors. Vastly out- numbering the Zionists, and with a his- torical claim to tenure of the land, which is imbedded in the centuries, the Arabs do not look with composure, let alone enthusiasm, upon the incur- sion of the people core among them to establish the Jewish National Home. ‘That the Jews have made good citizens, uplifted the cultural atmosphere of the' country and bes‘owed substantial economic benefits upon all the peo; with not having done | peace has not descended upon Pales- tine. Taking sane cognizance of Arab sus- ceptibilities, the Zlonists seem deter- mined to consider them and govern themselves accordingly. That is the between-the-lines sentiment of the reso- § lution unanimously adopted at ths re- cent meeting of the council of the Jewish Agency for Palestine at Basel. It went on record unanimously as hav- ing “a sincere desire for the creation of a durable accord between Jews and Arabs on the basis of mutual confl- dence and understanding.” The reso- lution sets forth that “Jews and Arabs h:ve a common interest in the peace- ful development of Palestine.” There is an affirmation by the Jewish leaders that they will spare no effort to estab- lish a state of harmonious relations through acceptance by both parties of the principle that neither is to domi- nate or be dominated. Along such lines lies the path of peace and amity in the Holy Land. The outside world hopes it may be trodden to the mutual good of the ancient na- tions which inhabit Palestine’s hallowed soil. 3 e Extraterritoriality. This Government is acting with com- mendable firmness in the matter of the arrest of Dr. Francis F. Tucker, American missionary now held on a murder charge by the Chinese at Tsinan. The American Minister at Pei- ping—which i§ the diplomatic capital of China, though the administrative capital is at Nanking—hes becn in- structed to demand the release of the prisoner to the custody of the American consul for trial in the international court established for, just such cases. |1t is hardly to be expected that the Nanking government will yleld without protest, but at the same time it is prob- able thct it will accede to the demand, though tardily, in recognition of the fact that the extraterritoriality treaty remains in force even if it has been “denounced” by China as of January 1 next. In view of the Tucker case, it is irfter- esting to note that the “tu quoque,” or “you're another,” argument in behalf of the abolition of the principle of ex- traterritoriality is being advanced in China, if not by the Chinese govern- ment. In the latest issue of the China Critic, a periodical published in Shang- hai in the English language, under Chi- nese editorship, is an article on “Ex- traterritoriality in America.” This points out that the American judicial system is not so thoroughly dependable as 1t might be; that great injustice is often done by American courts; that conflicts between Federal and State laws and judicial practices lead to failures of justice, and that Chinese in this country have suffered sorely from the ineffectiveness of American laws for their protection. All of this is undoubt- edly true, and there is no effective answer to the following statement of the case with which the article in the China Critic concludes: All this simply establishes the indis- putable fact that miscarriage or delay of justice is unavoidable even in America. Uncle Sam has to contend with the individual State governments just as the Nanking government has the provincial war lords to control, and both have succeeded in certain respects and have failed in others. Were the diffi- culty of enforcing justice or the fre- quency of meeting injustice adequate grounds for the existence of extrater- ritoriality, the cases in question and numerous others would entitle every power to have its own courts in the United States. It is undeniable that there are grave faults in the American judicial system. Nowhere is criticism of the courts, how- ever, sharper than in this country. And the present hope of the American people is that reforms and improvements will be effected soon in this respect. But the argument advanced does not fit the cdse of Dr. Tucker or justify the per- emptory abolition of extraterritoriality by what may be called unilateral action —that is, by China alone—and cer- tainly does not warrant the government at Nanking in considering extraterri- toriality abolished now, more than five months ahead of the date it says it will cease to exist. ———————— Events in European finance are re- ferred to as moving with extraordinary rapidity. It is well known that nothing causes human nature to give more evidence of hurry than the necessity of handling a note that is going to protest. o ‘With extraordinary enterprise and ability, Aimee Semple McPherson has acquired an abundance of fame for her- self with some left over for members of her family. ————————— Presidential band wagons promise to become so numerous that special reg- ulations may have to be made to insure orderly conditions in congested cam- paign areas. ————. “G. B. 8.” in Russia. George Bernard Shaw's latest con- tribution to the gayety of nations and to his self-sustained fame as the best advertised cynic and playwright in the world, is a trip to Russia. He has just arrived in Moscow, accompanied by that other playboy of Britain, the Virginia- born Viscountess Astor, and her hus- band. The trio's announced purpose is to “do” the Soviet Union in nine days, thus, in a way, equaling the feat of Wiley Post and Harold Gatty in cir- cumnavigating the world in about the same time. “G. B. S.” will celebrate the diamond jubilee of his colorful life under Com- munist skies, for he is seventy-five years young this week. The cables reflect that his capacity for hard work, even as a tourist, scems inexhaustible. Hardly an hour after his train had pulled into Moscow from Berlin, he set out for Red Square, Lenin’s Tomb, the Kremlin and the Park for Culture and Rest, a char- acteristic Soviet institution in the heart of the capital. Personally conducted by high-ranking government officials serving as chaperons, Mr. Shaw kept on “going places and doing things,” salt- and-peppering his breathless sight-seeing with characteristic Shavianisms all the way. In the throne room of the Krem- lin, where the Central Executive Com- mittee of the Soviet Union rules Rus- sian destinies with an iron hand, “G. B. S.” mounted the rostrum and let out war whoops to test the acoustics. “This,” a Red autocrat in the Irish bard’s ent-urage remonstrated, “is our House of Lords, Ehaw romari tion of Moscow that “afterall; J:as an; 0 & Marxist before Lenin | 1 | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, JULY 23, 1931. o e ———— e ————— —~ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. was born.’ remind the world of that fact, “G. B. S.” uses as a telegraphic address, “So- clalist, London.” He has lived to see two Soclalist governments in office in Great Britain, one of them still en- throned. The Red Socialism of Russia is far removed from the modificd So- cialism of the British Labor party. The discerning eye of “G. B. 8.” is sure to discover yawning contrasts between the ideals of Comrade Stalin and those of Comrade MacDonald. ‘When his survey of the five-year plan and other modernistic Russian tenden- cles is complete—for Shaw's wisecrack- ing analytical purposes, a week and a half will quite suffice—the world may depend upon some diverting offgivings by -him. He will probably wait till he is back on the Thames embankment, however, before divesting himself of them. There is a permanent morato- rium on humer in Russia under the new czars of the Kremliy, especially of foreign origin. —————t—— Procrastination. ‘Washington motorists, like those in other communities, are sometimes in- clined to procrastination. They will put off supplying themselves with anti- freeze mixtures in the Winter, getting the “old bus” repaired, buying their tags, and all manner of duties involved in car ownership, until the very last min- ute, and even then there are some who procrastinate beyond this point, and generally find themselves “out of luck.” It may or may not be known to the majority of the motorists that the Dis- trict now has a model title law, and that every owner of an automobile must secure a certificate of ownership. Since the law went into effect little interest has been shown in 1t, and the traffic director now estimates that if all Wash- ington motorists are to be permitted to buy new tags on January 1 the certificates of title will have to be issued from his office at the rate of more than one thousand a day. So it behooves Wash- ington drivers to sit up and take notice. No titles, no tags on January 1. So it is wel] to avold procrastination in this matter. Sensitiveness to mention of the British, surrender at Yorktown is hardly to be expected at this late day. The Fourth of July has been celebrated year after year with no protests except from overworked doctors and fire insurance officials. —— e Potatoes are suggested as a source of the substance that provides the sticki- ness for postage stamps. The list of experts required by the Post Office De- partment may yet have to include a dietitian. RS When asked to extend credit, Uncle Sam cannot reasonably be denied the privilege exercised by any banker from whom funds are desired, of asking mi- nute information as to the purposes for which the loan is to be used. ————— Gangsters lay claim boldly to first- page prominence, but thoughtful states- manship still commands the choice time on th2 radio. ———————— It may be possible one day to provide a disarmament that will even disarm the mutual suspicions of France and Germany. = e Overproduction of wheat is recalling to citizens of the Middle West the cyni- cal old query, “What is the matter with Kansas?” e Play producers are courageously laboring to prevent & situation that will cause the expression of the theater to be all dramatic criticism and no drama. b Smuggled drugs are more profitable than illicit alcohol. For that reason the opium peddler is even bolder and harder ito catch than the ordinary bootlegger. ——— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Distinctions. When Mr. Man looks out and sees The glint of sunshine on the tress He shuts his desk and says it's just Another case of “wanderlust.” When Mrs, Lady hates the cares Of home and for a scene prepares Which will express her discontent— That is a case of temperament. But when, ps vernal days draw near, The hired man shirks his toil severe And turns up peevish, more or less— That's ordinary laziness. Keeping Even. “Did you lend that forgetful friend of ours the book he asked for?” “Yes. But I took care to borrow his umbrella the same day.” Possession. “I see you have a new motor car. “No,” replied Mr. Dustin Stax, “mother and the girls have the car subfect to the authority of our chauf- feur. The only interest in the trans- action that I can positively call my own is a stub away back in my check book. Offended Neptune. Upon the shore ‘The breakers roar And fret with frowns unfading, Incensed, no doubt, At what turns out For boardwalk promenading! Helping Father. “Does your boy Josh work hard on the farm?” “We don't know what to do with- out him,” answered Farmer Corntossel. “We have a houseful of Summer board- ers and he’s the only man on the place who know’s how to dance.” Grounds. “Has your husband given.you grounds for divorce?” asked the woman who is always eager to sympathize. “Yes,” replied the one whose mind is on alimony. “Plenty of grounds, but I'd rather have some regular real estate.” The pup looked up at the Summer star And gurgling a gush of glee, Exclaiming *“’tis easy to prove you are By nature a friend to me; THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A half-grown poilce dog, without collar or tag, stood in the middle of the block, waiting for a friendly glance. ‘The moment a passerby would bzstow upon him a look or word, the dog would prance up to him and wag his tail delightedly. He was looking for a master. His coat, however, was rough and|fl unkempt, and the rear of his back was so covered with a peculiar growth that few men gave him more than a glance. “Poor thing!” declared several women. No one seemed to want to take him along, however. ‘The dog eppeared to perceive this. After he had followed each passerby down the block, and had received no more glances, he invariably . gave up and waited for some one else. The last we saw of him he was still waiting, his large brown eyes pleading for a master.’ * kK K Many dogs who have owners do not get much better care taken of them. A dog is a dirty animal, by nature, and needs particular care in Summe: ‘We hope no friend of dogs minas us branding the dog as d'Tty. We ars as much & fricnd of dogs as any, and more so than most. But the dog is not a clean animal. * Therefore it needs spc-ial care. No matter how well a dog is bathed, it will become smelly agiin in a few days, during such rultry weather as has visited this vicinity during the past few weeks. * ok x % The first care of fhe dog, n hot| weather, however, is 1ot so much thz external application cf water as the internal administratiop of the same. ‘The well watered dog is the well dog. | Many of the cases of fits, mistakenly called “rables, which occur every Summer, might be prevented if owners everywhere would make sure that their pets receive a bountiful supply of drinking water. The heat will evaporate a pan of water in no time. The flat design of the average watering pan helps evapo- ration. that such pans are kept full, especially in the afternoon. Children are not good guardians of dogs and should not be depended upon, except in unusual cases, for this neces- sary aid to the household pet. * x % % Cleanliness is the next demand of the dog in Summer. Without a thorough bath at requisite intervals a dog is going to suffer; not only from fleas, but from the danger of mange and other skin diseases. Dogs perspire through their tongues, true enough, but evidently they also lose waste products through their entire skin surface. Dogs, no less than human beings, feel better and look better for plenti- ful bathing in Summer. Surely it is a nuisance to bathe a dog. Ordinarily the dogs enjoy the process no more than their masters. But one must admit that most of our four-legged friends seem to know that the process is necessary and are will- ing to stand for it, both literally and figuratively. * % % ‘The better flea soaps on the market are very good soaps, indeed, and will do as well for master as for dog, es- pecially if the former has reason to suspect that the fleas have forsaken the dog. Some claim that fleas will not desert a cat or dog for a human being, but such claimants are persons who, for obscure reasons, fleas will not bite. It is necessary to see to it| There are such people, and they are very fortunate. The belief that fleas will not desert their animal hosts is based on the ob- servations of such immune persons. Those whom fleas will bite know better! The “dog and cat” flea is a recog- nized variety, not to be confused with the so-called human flea, or European ea. The “cat and dog” flea is the common flea of this country. While it confines most of its activities to these creatures, at times it jumps 1o their masters, and often infests a home. ‘The use of flea powders is to be undertaken with caution, and sprays shculd never be used upon cats or dogs. Proper bathing, with the use of the flea comb, a neat device, is to be relied on. * K ok % Freedom from insects is the next important steb in dog health for the Summer. Although it is mostly taken care of in ridding the animal of fleas, we give it a separate classification, in order to point out its supbreme importance. There. are other insects, of course, such as ticks, and the dog permitted to run should be examined for these from time to time. Fleas, however, will remain the main points of attack. There is m) telling what mischief feas carry awround with them, a menace to both animal and human health. August is perhaps the worst | month of all for these pests. Every effcrt should be made during the so-called “dog days” to rid pet animals of fims. e The care of the dog may well in- clude a somewhat lessened food supply during the hot weather. | ‘There is no reason to believe that if | short rations are gool for a human be- |ing during July and August they are not good for tman's friend, the dog. The dog has iived with us so many | centurles that he undoubtedly has taken on scma of our characteris.ics. A dog, no more than his master, needs food for heat, during Summer. Already he is too warm. A somewhat lessened food. supply, therefore, probably would do much to keep a dog in good temper and health at _this time of the year. The best way to treat a dog, in this | respect, would be, not to cut down the {@mount he eats per meal, but to make him go without a meal every now and then. |” Few animals in a state of nature get set, regular meals. A return to natural oconditions, such as going without a | meal once or twice a week, would prob- 2bly be good for any dog—and also his | Master. L Special care must be taken in hot weather to keep one’s dog free from | disease. While the methods previously {outlined will go far in this direction, | what is needed also is the mental de- | termination to be on the watch out for signs of ailments, | Dogs should not be permitted to ex- | cite themselves unduly in hot weather. Here the mind of man must step in {and restrain the animals from continual rushings at automobiles, incessant bark- | ing, and the like. | Hot weather is no time, either for |man or dog, to indulge freely in the first approaches to hostility. Say to your friend, firmly but wisely: | “Doggy, you must be philosophic uniil | this hot spell is over. Learn to be calm {and restrained, like yonder cat. Keep { your eve on Tabby. she knows how to live in hot weather.” Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands news columns to the ever-in- creasing scandals which mark the administration of the dole. 1t is discouraging enterprise, fomenting idleness and bleeding the taxpayer white. It is also grievously injuring the llr%? class of workers who genuinely desire employment and can find none. For them there will always be the ut- most sympathy. But urifortunately the burden of the dole is helping to pre- vent that expension in trade which is 5o sorely needzd to give them work. The repcrt which has just been is- sued on dock lebor shows that men who are earning as much as $25 and even $30 for two Or three days’ work are claiming and receiving the dole. It is small wonder that the cost cf the dole is rising by leaps and bounds, and that it has now reached $5(0,000,000 a year. No country can afford suzh expenditure. Yet so long &s our ministers are in- timidated by the Socialist extremists, so lorg will this deadly form of waste and demoralization contlnue. The first reform neded in this country is to put the dole on a sound basis, but for that courage and leadership are required. * x x % Rain in Venezue! Following Long Dry Speil. El Neuvo Diario, Caracas—After a dry period almost unprecedented in the annals of the republic, rain has finally come to Venezuela, and thcugh not as yet general despite the proximity of the rainy season, it has been sufficient in quantity and widespread enough to have produced immediate benefit. Already the dried and withered fo- }l e of the trees and the burnt and radiance of en pastel shades most refreshing to the eye, and comforting to the soul after the dreary monoctony of universal brown. The improvement is especially no- ticeable and welcomed in and around Caracas, while the available water sup- ply and protection has been increased at a time when the situation in these respects was becoming extremely criti- cal. The rain means life and wealth not only to the planter and cattle rais- ers, with ir crops and herds, but to the city dwellers as well. * % % x Food Industries Undergo Reconstruction. U. S. 8. R. Five-Day Bulletin, Mos- cow.—The food industries of the U. S. S. R, including canning, milling, re- fining and manufacturing, have been subjected to extensive reconstruction in recent years. Production has been con- centrated and new machinery stalled. At the same time various ra- tionalization measures have been in- troduced, as, for instance, the mecha- nization of production, etc: In 1929 capital investments amount- ing to 143,000,000 rubles (a ruble is normally 50 cents) were invested in this branch of industry, and during 1930 465,000,000 rubles. During the first quarter of 1931 an additional 97,500,000 rubles were invested. all these meas- ures have resulted in a considerable crease in the output per worker, as well as of the general productivity of the food industry. Thus, the number of employes en- ed in the canning industry, which in 1912 amounted to 4,450 persons, has since increased to 9,550 in 1930 and 9,630 during the first quarter of 1931. The output during these years was 76,. 000,000 cans in 1912 and 227,000,000 cans in 1980. The industry is mostly concerned with the canning of fish. Practically no milling industry ex- isted in Russia before the war. Almost all the ‘was milled in small peas- the capacity of which in did not exceed a couple of [E DAILY MAIL, London.—Once more we draw attention in our Of course, you're a gay astronomical elf, | But don't forget this; I'm a skye-dog myself.” T “Givin’ advice,” said (;nch Eben, “is mos’ generally only jes’ an effort to read a friend’s mind an’ guess whu{ he's big mills, besides a lot of smaller ones, which milled about 8,000,000 Russian tons of various gra‘ns valued at 900, 000,000 rubles ($450,000,000). During the first quarter of this year there weze in operation 334 flour mitls wi R e L S ifeless grass have taken on a beautiful | flour. The confectionery industry has | increased its output seven times, com- pared with 1912, and now employs 29,- 500 people. Employes of the sugar in- dustry have decreased from 114,800 in 1912 to 102,500 in 1930, bt during’ this same period the output of granulated sugar has increased from 10,000,000 centners (a centner—50 Lilograms— 110.23 pounds). % ox % See in Runaways Breakdown of Family System. The Japan Advertiser, Tokio.—The Metropolitan Police Board handled 7,731 cas:s of youthful runaways {rom home last year and the authorities are con- cerned over the annual increase, ex- tending over a period of years, b:cause they fear it indicates a gradual break- ing up of the Japanese family system. This belief has caused the Metropolitan Police Board to keep records of such cases with particular care. An even greater number of runaways is indicated for the present year. There were 1,658 cases actually reported in January, 1,789 in February and, as the number usually rises during the Spring, the police expected even more during April and May. Mr. Atsumu Takeoka, director of the municipal department in charge of such cases, believes that the incrcase is due to the gradual disintegration of the Jap- anese family system. “Whether the fam- ily system will survive is a question we cannot answer,” he told a representa- tive of the Japan Advertiser. “But we are studying all runaway cases that come under our jurisdiction in the hope of obtaining from them valuable data on this question. “Of last year's cases only 450 are actually listed with love affairs as the cause, but close examination of the other cases shows that hundreds of oth- ers were indirectly due to this. Practi- cally all of the 3,800 women who ran away from home were thus motivated, either directly or indirectly. In most of the cases classified under domestic dis- cord, that discord was due to an affair of the heart.” Mr. Takeoka believed that the grad- ual failure of the family system was primarily due to the attainment of more ‘Women, especially, were ob a greater measure of freedom, he pointed out, and when their more independent ideas came into conflict with the family system it is only natural that some of them should cut the Gordian knot by leaving home. Economic pressure also had a part in bringing about the increase in the num- ber of cases last year, 900 of the run- aways having lefi home because they could not find employment in their na- tive fleld. Discord at home motivated 847, while 700 were lured by the at- tractions of city life. Could Hold Two Jobs. From the Loulsville Courier-Journal. Salvador de Madriaga, the new Span- ish Ambassador to the United States, Corunna. With the aid of Maj. Franco he may hold both jobs by commuting. Where's Weather Man? From the Charlotte News. i ‘The chief thing Bishop Cannon woul @emand in hh‘choice Fof presidential material is dryness, What's wrong with the weather man? —or—s———— Judges on Vacation. _ From the Savannah Morning u;u’ 3 In New York they simply force good many of the judges to take long vacations this Summer. R Shaw Tagks 1dly. From the Milwaukee S¢ntinel. 1s Bernard Shaw says that grammar & s. Coertainly he dossa't independence by the nation’s youth. | pe has been elected to Parliament from | g, The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Philadelphia, with her claim for the Republican National Convention next year, recently presented to Chairman Fess of the Republican National Com- mittee, has started the drive for the honor of holding that convention rather early in the game. The National Com- mittee does not meet until pext De- ccmber to pick the convention city. But there seems to be unusual interest in national conventions of next year, and |a half dozen or more cities are already undertaking to bring influence to bear to obtain the convention. It would ap- pear that Cleveland, Ohlo, if it really wants the convention, has an_excellent chance. In the first place, Ohio may be one of the so-called pivotal States |in the battle next year between the Re- publicans and the Democrats. Last year it went Democratic, electing a Gover- nor, George White, and a Senator, Robert J. Bulkley. Something was radically wrong in the Buckeye State, from a Republican point of view. In the second place, Ohlo at present has the chairmanship of the National Com~ Expert researchers, who can get you any information on any subject, are at your command, without charge to you. A 2-cent stamp will bring you a personal answer to any inquiry of fact you may make. Thousands of news- paper readers use this great service. Try it today. Make your inquiry easily read and easily understood and address The Evening Star Information Bureau, ton, D. C. Q. A went fishing and sent home fish not cleaned, packed in ice and sawdust. B sent his fish hom cleaned. Which is the better way?—D. B. 8. A. The Bureau of Fisheries says that if in_transporting fish not more than four hours is required, it is not objec- tionable to send the fish not cleaned. more than four hours, the fish should be cleaned, giving special attention to the removal of the gills and the blood which is concentrated along the back- bone. The viscera should also be re- moved, and the fish then shipped in ice and sawdust. . What will be the cost of the new Mormon Church in Washington, mittee, ehd the fyeasurer of the com- mittee, Joseph R. Nutt, is a Cleveland bank-r. Mr. Nutt, if he wants the convention for his home city, very likely can get it. The Republicans went to Cleveland in 1924 to nominate former President Calvin Coclidge. *x * % X The Middle West looks to be the logical place for both the Republican | and Democratic National Conventions next year. Times are not ol th: best, and railroad traveling is high. Under the circumstances, the national com- {mittees are likely to give consideration | to the desires of the rank and file of the delegates Who must journey from far quarters of the country to conven- tions. The Atlantic and Pacific coasts both will put in their bids for the con- ventions, however, with Philadelphia, Atlantic City and possibly Boston issu- !ing invitations on’ th: East Coast and i San Francisco and Los Angeles on the | West Coast. Indeed, the California cities are already angling for the G. O. P. convention. In 1920 the Demo- crats went to San Francisco for their national convention and nominated there “Jimmy” Cox, former Governor of Ohio, for President and the present Governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt, for Vice President. The Democrats all admitted that San Fran- cisco handled the convention and the delegates in most admirable style, and & lot of them would like to go back to the California city next year. b3 * X x X Where do the Democrats wish to go to nominat: Gov. Roosevelt for Presi- dent? It is beginning to look as though that might be the real deciding point when the National Committee selects the convention city—as the Republican committee will do—at a moeting here in Washington next December or Janu- ary. The Democrats deliberately went South in 1928 to nominate Al Smith. It was generally conceded by the Win- ter <f 1927-1928 that there would be no stopping the nomination of Gov. Smith, and it was the strategy of the party leaders to take the convention to Dixie- land, where it was realized there would be strong opposition to the Smith can- didacy during th campaign., So Hous- ton, Tex., was the place picked for the nomination of Gov. Smith. It did not do the party any particular good, how- ever, for States of the solid South which cast their electom] votes for President Hoo- ver in that year. X x ok x So far as Roosevelt is concerned, he seems to be popular with the Democrats in all sections of the country. The South likes him despite his opposition to the eighteenth amendment. The West hails him as a “second Roosevelt,” ready to smite the power trust and do other progressive things. And the populous Eest, outside of some of the big business concerns which think him too radical, likes the New York Gov- erncr. Some Middle West city may be the place determined upon by the Democrats, under the circumstances. The Democrats, too, might go to Cleve- land or to Chicago or to Kansas City. Chicago, frequently the scene of na- tional conventions of the pclitical par- ties, has not had a convention since 1920, when the Republicans gathered (there and nominated the late Prisident Harding and his running mate, Calvin Coolidge. The Windy City may be a strong_contender next year for either or both of the big party conventions. *ikixin Of all the years, 1932, the Bicentennial of the birth of George Washington, which is to be nationally celebrated, would seem to place Washington, D. C., in line for a national convention to nominate the next President. But the National Capi- tal, although it has been discussed a number of times as a possible site for party conventicns, has never been seri- ously considered. Too many office- holders here; it is charged. Over- shadowed by the White House, is another way of puiting it. Further- more, the District of Columbia, although it takes part in the nominations of the presidential candidates, has no votes in the electoral college. This is rank discrimination against the half million Americans who live in the National Capi- tal, but it is a discrimination that the Congress has not yet been willing to remove by the submission of an amend- ment to the Constitution to the States perfnitting the District “national repre- sentation. * K K x While nothing much has been heard lately of the contest for the Republi- can speakership nomination in the new Congress which meets next De- cember, the contestants have been busy, nevertheless. Col. John Q. Tilson, the majority leader of the House, is now: the West on an automobile tour and has been for weeks. Representative Snell of New York, chairman of the Rules Committee, who leaped into the race for the nomination soon after the death of Speaker Nicholas Longworth, has been very active, traveling here and there and establishirg contacts with members of the House. There are several ‘Western members angling for the honor also, but while one of them might be selected. as a compromise candidate, if the battle between Tilson and Snell comes too severe, the general impres- sion is that these gentlemen have in other States, but not enough, the Tilson becomes the nominee for Speaker. The Tilson camp at present seems to triot! be fairly confident that the nomination is to go to the Connecticut man. He has plenty of friends in the House, many of them among the delegations of the Western States, too. Mr. Snell will have the New York delegation back of him, and part of the New Jersey dele- gation, and he will have support from |of other States, but not enough the Tilson people believe, to make it serious for their candidate. * ok ok ‘The most difficult part for the Repub-~ licans, it is sald, will come after they have nominated a candidate for Speak- er. With the Republicans holding a bare majority of one, the insurgents rom the West can kick the apple cart over if they decline to vote for Tilson, if he is the nominee, or for Snell. Some of them claim that they had already been prepared to defeat the re-election of Mr. Longworth had he lived. A great deal is to depend upon what the Pro- gressive Republicans demand when the House convenes. If they merely want a change in the rules of the House, mak- ing it easler to get bills up for consider- ation, they are likely to have their wish D C2—W. F. A. The new meeting house of the Mormons in the Capital will cost about $400,000, and will be the finest of any branch of similar size outside of Salt L3ke City. Q. In what American cities has street | rillway service been entirely aban- | Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- | Th at the earth’s surface. blowing contin- uslly in the same course toward the Equator from an easterly dirxction. ‘They are produced as the result of the rotation of the earth and the move- ment of air toward the cquatorial re- glons. Owing to the high lemperature the air at the Equator is heated and rises. This produces the steady cur- rents of air blowing toward the Equator. e trade winds. are chicfly limited to two belts in the tropical and subtrop- ical regions, one on each side of th> Equator, extending to about 30° north and south. Q. What does the word “culded” mean?—E. 8. G. A. It is Spanish and means city. Q. Does the Southern Hemisphere If, however, the time will, amount to|have an aurora borealis?>—F. E. N. : similar phenomenon, known as the aurora australis. Q. Is a curve ball in base ball an op- tical illusion?—J. W. F. A. It is not. The base ball pitcher makes the ball curve by causing it to éwist after it lcaves his hands. Q. What causes merchandisc to fade when exposed to light?—J. H. A. Colored meréhandise is faded by the action of sunlight and skylight. The ultra-violet, violet and blue radia- tion produces most of the fading, though some materials fade from ex- posure to yellow, orange or red radia- tion. The more intense the radiation, the greater the fading. The fading of dened?—J. L. A. Reno, Nev, is the only city which has abandoned street cars and removed | the tracks. Busses have been substi- tuted to some extent, and where such substitution has been regarded as per- manent, tracks have been taken up. | Of the 16,000,000,000 annual street car | company passengers, 1,000,000,000 are | carried by bus. Since the introduction of the private automobile 11 per cent of street railway tracks has been aban- | doned. Q. Is the heat in an attic in Sum- mer high enough to cause spontancous combustion?—F. E. H. A. The Bureau of Standards says the temperatures produced in attics are never high enough to cause ignition of ordinary combustible materials not subject to spontaneous heating. These temperatures would not be expected to exceed 120 or 130 degrees Fahrenheit. The ignition temperature of cellulose materials, such as wood and paper, is over 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Q. Who first advanced the theory of disarmament and world peace?— A P 8 A. It is not a new theory. There are many accounts of efforts in classi- cal literature and in the writings of the church fathers, but no serious announced plans for the federation of Christian nations with an international parliament to discuss international matters and a tribunal backed by in- ternational military forces to hear and determine all international disputes. Q. When were United States adhesive . T. A. They were first issued under the act of March 3, 1847, and placed on sale in New York July 1, 1847. Q. What causes trade winds?—M. Texas was one of the four |E. T. "A. The trade winds are steady winds efforts seem to have been made until| 1462, when Gregory, King of Bohemia, | postage stamps first put on sale?—W. | B textiles is usually considerably greater when they are exposed to light in a moist condition. For that reason, 1t is customary to dry colored goods that have been laundered, either indoors or in the shade and as rapidly as possible. Q. What is static>—A. W. A. Static is audio-frequency-group oscillation discharge between clouds, or | clouds and earth. It travels in all di- rections from disturbanc2. Static prob- ably impresses its varying frequencies upon the electric waves carrying broad- cast signals while they are proceeding from transmitting to receiving station, | something like the mix-up of waves that would occur if one were to throw a large rock into a lake upon the sur- |face of which there were previously |some moderate waves. The Iatter | would be broken up and changed in shape, but their frequency would prob- |ably continue the same as before. | Static waves will penetrate any sub- | stance that radio waves can penetrate. | Q. Where was Mary Garden born?— E G | "A. She was born in Aberdeen, ‘Scot- land, February 20, 1877. She came to America at the age of 6, Wwith her | parents. Q. What is Rin Tin's pedigree? —W.C. L. A. Lee Duncan, an Army aviator, is | the owner and trainer of Rin-Tin-Tin. | He found this German police dog and | five puppies not far from St. Mihiel, in France. Q. Does the Government still coin silver dollars?—C. E. D. A. The coinage of the silver dollar was discontinued in 1928. There is no existing law that authorizes further coinage. Q. Why is a certain shade of red hair called Titian?—M. J. P. A. The famous artist Titian often painted women with dark red-gold hair. Nation’s Wheat D ebate Puts Market Bears on Defensive As a part of the continuous debate throughout the Nation on the price of !vheat and the operations’ of the Gov- | ernment in the market, the denuncia- tion of short-selling in a presidential statement receives much attention from the public, although there are differ- ences of opinion as to the fault charged. Some take the same position as Presi- dent Hoover, while others would uphold the necessity of free action in the grain and securities markets. we designated ‘these gentlemen’ Mr. Hoover speaks of as stinging scorpions. declares the Rochester Times-Union, holding that “in the last year short- sellers in the gr:inl mlurke%)mtv“e) m‘;ild'e' themselves cularly objectionable hmre not within the spirit ‘The Omaha World-Herald commen! The President’s charge ints to a short-selling conspiracy to E:ep present prices_down. Only the confidence imposed oh him by law, he says, prevents him from naming ‘cer- tain persons’ who are doing the dirty work.” “Rigid investigation, with a view to finding ways and means to check short- selling for speculative purposes and the detriment of the farmer.” is de- manded by the Pasadena Star-News, with the contention that “the American wheat farmer has enough trouble with his market, at best, without having this handicap put upon him by greedy spec- ulators who are willing to thrive off the misfortunes of the farmer.” The Har- risburg Telegraph believes that “the short-seller is interested in nothing but profit for himself” and that “he makes his victim stan® and deliver as truly as though he were a modern Dick Tur- pin with a pistol in his hand.” The Telegraph concludes that “the Presi- dent has made & good start, but it is only a start.” * ok k * “The President's caustic words are 3 timely admonition to those who may be tempted to try to profit by depress- ing grain prices” advises the Chicago Daily News, and that peper further maintains that “greed is hateful at all times, but it is particularly obnoxious in a crisis when every responsible per- son is morally. bound to contribute as best he can to the restoration of pros- perity.” The Des Moines ‘Tribune-Cap- ital suggests the extension of the idea by asking “whether those ‘bull market’ gentlemen who in times of boom and inflation keep forcing prices up until finally a collapse comes-—whether they are not fully as anti-social and unpa- ic as a1 despicable ‘bears’ of the sent.” As for the o ain gamblers of the present, that pa, s convinced that “they deserve the harsh names, but they wen't mind them much.” Taking note of a denial from Chi- d the explanation that “there ally less than the normal amount ‘short’ selling at this time of the year,” the Lincoln State Journal says “the denial and explanation seem to make it agg:tunt that this has been & reguldr mal feature of other years and that its having been done in the past makes it permissible now.” The R:Itllnfl' :!mld lvm‘ &t “I:::u mw within the power of exchanges impose Teasonable restrictions, and they have failed to do so. 8 “The President produces’the theory,” and acceded to by the regulars. Under such g inces it might be to line up all the Republicans for the speakership election. The Democrats, on the other hand, are counting on the insurgent Republicans to make possible the clection of John Garner of Texas to doing a little cam among_the an _insurgents, the hops of parsuading them to vote for the Democrat against an Eastern Repub- e 38 “perhaps it would be to the point if | have gone further and have been more explicit. They have accused private grain traders of plotting the downfall of the board and of attempting to undermine public confidence in the present cxpariment in farm relief.’ * kX * “If private citizens responsible for the regulation of an abuse do not regu- late it, it will get an overdose of th same from incompetent politicians,” warns the New York Evening Post. The South Bend Tribune offers the appraisal of the situation: “One unavoidable conclusion is that the Farm Board's attitude has been capitalized by some grain gamblers. It is easy nowadays to depress the wheat market for personal profit and trust that the Farm Board's policy will be blamed.” “The President’s diagnosis is mot convincing,” asserts the Baltimore Sun, with the explanation: “The purchasers of wheat commonly accompany their purchases with the sale of a contract to deliv.. wheat in the future to protect themselves against loss by a price de- cline in the wheat they hold—'the ordi- nary hedging transactions’ to Mr. Hoover refers approvingly. such sales for hedging are heavy, as at present, the contention is that specula- tors, who own no wheat, have a good 0 | opening to depress future prices by sell- ing short. The test of this theory, or bad, is, of course, what is actually happening in the inner workings of the grain markets. The external evidence available does not suggest that th wheat farmers, now disposing of their crop at piteously low prices, are, in major degree, the victims of unpatriotic speculators. There is a more ready ex- planation that runs in terms of avail- ggle"supply of wheat and the demand The Dayton Daily News believes that “the bear and the bull make an ever- open market” and that “the President cannot fairly condemn the one any more than the other.” The Charleston (S. C.) Evening Post points out that “veterans of speculative marketing in- sist that the shorts serve a very useful function, keeping the market balanced.” McCormick Reaper Held Inevitable Farm Device From the New York Times. It would be idle to contend that the invention of the reaper by Cyrus H. McCormick, just a century ago, Wi alone responsible for the new agricul- tural order. Yet to him belongs the credit of having wrought a miracle comparable with that which followed the application of the steam engine in industry. Before he made his - matic demonstration in the Valley of Virginia in July, 1831, farming was the occupation of four out of five Americans. Today less than 25 per cent of our population is so engaged. In the last decade 3,500.000 have drifted to the cities. And still we grow more wheat than we can sell. To hail McCormick as the pioneer of reaper inventors is to belie the annals of invention. hundred mechanics had preceded him. But it remained for him brilliantly to organizec in a machine elements separately invented but never before effectively combined. The story of the reaper is therefore the story of the steam eng'ne, the tele- graph, the airplane—of an_evolution. There is a time for the f - | invention as there is for the leade: ick