Evening Star Newspaper, July 8, 1931, Page 8

s HE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. 3&,. WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 1931. A-8 —_ e ey S e ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY......July 8, 1031 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business d 11tn, 8t "and Fennevivants_Ave. New York Office: 110 &lll 42nd gfi icago Office: Lake Mis llg Bullding. juropean mc(fll Regent ft., London, glan Rate by Carrier Within the City. .4 - -48¢ per month "60c per month ooy f ‘each month. or telephone it t] d of Orders may be sent in by mall NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunda; only All Other States and Canada, fly and Sunda; $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 aily only - §3.00: 1 mo. "6 inday only 35.00; 1 mo.s Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press is exclus to the use for republication of atches ted 1 stvely entitted news credited Germany Pledges Her All ‘While the civilized world was ringing with gratification over the American- European debémiuspension accord, the business men of Germany yesterday took action without precedent in the | annals of international finance. In ef- fect, they pledged their united fortunes to guarantee German credit abroad. In simple essence, the associated German industries are depositing with the Ger- man Gold Discount Bank their promis- sory note for $125,000,000. The credit thus established is to be available, if and when necessary, as collateral for future commercial loans to Germany. With one thousand of the Reich's largest banks, shipping lines, industrial corporations and other great undertak- ings united to sustain Germany's eco- nomic honor, all doubt should evaporate as to the intent, at least, of the coun- try's business interests to carry on the rehabilitation work Hoover moratorium. The President's plan was conceived primasly in Ger-| many's interest. It is based on the theory that any serious undermining of her economic structure would bring down with it the financial fabrics of neighboring lands. While the mora- torium is serving its indispensable pur- pose of providing the Germans a year of breathing space, private enterprise will | continue to need forelgn capital. It is to assure German borrowers the widest possible market for loans that big busi- ness in the Reich now offers to “back” all the notes which may have to be signed in the process of economic re- generation. The psychological aspect of things, throughout the Hoover plan negotiations and in its final achievement, always overshadowed the purely technical and financial phases of it, vital as these are. ‘The importance of the action just taken by German business men lies in its psychological implication, too. It is & sign for all the world to read that they are far from ready to throw up the sponge. It is an indication that the Hoover plan has invigorated German economic life with fresh courage, new confidence and revived hope. ‘The immediate result of this mo- mentous development is certain to be a stoppage of the flow of gold which for many weeks past has been draining Germany of financial lifeblood. The calling by foreign banks of short-term credits to individual German banks or industrial concerns is said to have with- drawn $500,000,000 in gold from the Reichsbank’s coffers since June 1. Two and a half weeks ago, when President Hoover electrified the world with his debt-holiday proposal, the Reichsbank was being sapped of its yellow metal vitality at a rate that threatened immi- nent disaster. “The Hoover plan was a great saving impetus from the United States,” de- clares President Luther of the Reichs- bank. “The move by German business i3 Germany's answer—the country’s definite assurance that the whole nation’s economic strength will be put to the Hoover wheel.” ‘There could be no more convincing shoulder at that wheel, nor any more likely to propel its progress toward the appointed goal. — s ‘When Lindbergh first set out as an ocean fiyer his desire was to go on from Paris as a tourist. His present plans promise him visits to strange lands more remarkable and extensive than he could have accomplished had he been permitted by an enthusiastic world to go his way—that is, unless his itinerary is again interrupted by a series of ovations in all languages. e T Communism Sees Some Light. Josef Stalin, Soviet Russia’s “man of steel,” has just permitted to become in- ternationally public some extremely sig- nificant statements made by him to a conference of industrialists in Moscow two weeks ago. The Communist ezar indicates that in the midst of the five- year plan he has begun to see a bit of economic light. The kernel of his dis- covery lies in the assertion that “even under Soclalism wages must be paid according to the work done and not according to the needs of the workers.” ‘This is leveling Communist doctrine with a vengeance—that fundamental plank in the proletarian platform which theorizes that the humblest unskilled laborer in the ranks is worthy the hire of the brainiest artisan or intellectual. Stalin now promulgates a readjustment of the Soviet forced-labor wage scale s0 as to make it commensurate with the type of work performed. He proposes that the working class shall develop its own “intelligentsia” of such skilled workers as engineers and technicians. “New conditions,” proclaims the Red sutocrat, “demand new methods of work and leadership.” The Soviet leaders have found that in many of their fac- torles the wage system is such as to leave no difference between skilled and unskilled labor or between hard and easy types of work. The inevitable con- sequence has been that unskilled work- ers show no interest in improving their qualifications, while the skilled hands move from factory to factory in search of occupations in which their capacity ‘will be more valued. Stalin outlined yet another program, as revolutionary in its way as the plan to reward industrial merit better than . Editor R launched by the | industeial ineptitude. He announces| that the policy of the “iron fist” toward ! members of the old bourgeois “indus- trial intelligentsia,” that is, pre-bolshe- vist engineers and skilled workers, is to be abandoned. These men, hitherto outcasts under the Soviet regime, will not only be welcomed back into the working fold, but inducements to get them to come back are to be held out. These whirls of the Communist kaleidoscope can have many explana- | tions, and correspondingly varying in- terpretations are bound to be piaced upon them. From this remote angle of | obscrvation they seem only to indicate that Stalin is consclous that all is not | going for the best in the working out | of the five year plan and that drastic {reforms have become necessary. To| | Whatever extent this may bo true, there | {is no biinking the port-nious meaning lof the change of Communistic heart| {revealed by the tardy reslization that| proletarian “equality” has its limits| when 1t cbmes to a question of engines, {1athes, dynamos and the other elements | 1of & mechanized civilization which call {for something more than the grease of | | domagoguery to be kept running. Not the District’s Affair. Ancther secret conference has been held between representalives of the Treasury Department, the District government end the owncrship of the i Mount Vernon, Alexandria and Wesh- ington Railroad and later conferences have been arranged in the negotiations over removing the railroad tracks from | the Mall so that the Government build- ing program, already de'ayed, may go forward. The public is not informed as to the nature of the negonmons! or the formula for the amicable agrec- | ment for which the Treasury officials hope. The general proposition seems | to be, however, that the railroad will | pick up its tracks and get out of the way, provided the price is right. One of the chief obstacles to an agreement now is that the Federal Government | has no money to reimburse the railroad for loss of its property and privileges. It is hinted that the railroad may re- move a part of its tracks now and await congressional action on a bill to compensate it for losses sustained be- fore deciding on its final course. There is also ‘involved & petition for in- \yunct.lon. to be pressed by the railroad |1t an agreement is impossible. | The final settlement of the problem | lies primarily between the railrcad and the Federal Government. The skilled Iawyers on both sides are capable of taking the action that will be fair to everybody. One continues to wonder, however, how the municipal government can be invelved in the proceedings and why, instead of confining the negotiations to the two parties chiefly concerned, the local government continues to be a third party, thus denoting that it may be called upon to participate in any financial settlement that may be made. The link between the municipal gov- ernment and the proceedings is fcrmed, of course, by the Public Utilities Com- mission. The commission has declined to grant the railroad another terminal site in the congested downtown section of Washington, which, according to the rallroad, is necessary if it continues to do business. If the rallroad is forcd out of the congested district, it seems to feel that it must abandon its line. And to abandon its line, it feels that com- pensation is due. But why is the change of terminals necessary in the first place? Because of the Federal building program. Why cannot another terminal site be granted near Pennsylvania avenue? Because of the Federal building program. The taxpayers of the District of Co- lumbia are not in the least concerned over whether the railroad, owned by foreign interests and operated as & moneymaking venture, gains or loses as & result of the Federal building pro- gram. Their Public Utilities Commis- slon has offered the railroad s terminal site near Water street. The attitude of the District should be that the rail- road can take it or leave it. Any thought that the District should in any manner participate in & financial settlement with the railroad is ridicu- lous. - It is to be trusted that no commit- ments are being made by representa- tives of the District government, par- ticipating in the negotiations, as to fces. Yet it i3 to be noted that they did not lack in efficiency, however often they were sent forth on fool's errands. The person who for his own enter- tainment or the gratification of some strange craving turns in a false alarm may have to be regarded and treated as a psychopathic case, In some instances such people have been actually firebugs, setting fires for excitement. Such a case occurred in this city a few years 2go, & man starting half a dozen blazes during the same night. And his excuses | and explanations, when he was caught and confessed the deeds, were as varied and confused as those of the false alarmist who is now in hand. —————————— The Open Golf Champion. It was a splendid fight that led to the crowning of the 1931 open golf champion of the United States, and to Bllly Burke of Greenwich, ‘Conn., who is the new ruler, must go congratula- tions for grit and determination be- sides undoubted golfing skill. Tied with George Von Elm, erstwhile amateur, who won the amateur championship from Bobby Jones a few years ago, at the end of the regulation seventy-two holes, Burke and the blond shooter from the Pacific Coast engaged in the longest play-off in the history of the game. At the end of the first thirty- six holes of the extra rounds they were tied d at the finish of the second thirty-six, with each struggling to get his pars and birdies under the tense strain of championship competition, they wore one stroke apart; but that one stroke was enough to decide and Burke emerged the victor. So Burke has well earned his cham- pionshlp. Seemingly imperturbable in contrast to his fidgety opponent, Burke calmly reeled off par after par for two days at a pace that would long since have downed a less doughty player than Von Elm. This is the stuff that goes into the making of champions. In the final analysis Von Elm must come in for praise. His birdie three to tie Burke on the last hole of the regulation rounds was & masterpiece. It is probably not once in a hundred that a golfer is able to score a birdle when he knows he has to do it to stay In the running. But Burke won and for the naxt year he will reap the rich rewards that his feat merits. ——————— There is an Alaskan island named “Chicagofl.” The metropolis of Illinois might, without impropriety, change its name to this abbreviation-combination of the old name and the city slogan of “Bump ‘em off!” ————————— If the 1956 feminine bathing costume forecast, as recently displayed at a pool pageant here, is anywhere near accu- rate, a great number of males will de- cide that they are living in the right century, but the wrong half of it. ————— Harsh experience brings patience. Hot weather may be endured without great complaint, if it is not accom- panied by a drought like that of a year ago. B A historian has compiled a list of a half-score or more famous men' who were left-handed. And then he went and left out Rube Waddell! ——oe— England is in the throes of an anti- sun bathing drive, dispatches state. It was thought that the “Tight Little Isle’s” climate attended to that matter. o Demonstrations in Spain continue to confirm the decision of Alfonso that there are times when it is better to be a European tourist than a monarch. —_— e SHOOTING éTAR& BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Vacation Recklessnéss. The world is full of projects vast. Who cares? The silly season’s here at last. Each dares To treat himself just like & pet. A ride in life’s canoe he'll get. He may fall over and get wet— Who cares? He'll fish all day and get no bite. ‘Who cares? The jazz band for his steps at night Prepares. He'll drink pink flilds over much And eat hot sausages and such, what the District would be willing to do in the way of financial settlements, if the railroad will kindly consent to get out of town so that the Federal building program may proceed. ——————— “Don’t gamble” is good advice any- where, although neither the serious business of Wall Street nor the gay life of Reno pays much attention to it. — e False Fire Alarms. A young man who had been imbibing unwisely turned in ten false alarms of fire in this city the other night. When caught he gave a variety of explana- tions for his conduct. One reason ad- vanced by him for his eccentricity was that he was “lonely.” Another was that he had “fallen out with his family.” A third was that he wanted to be “put away for awhile,” as some time in jail would do him good. Finally he came to the conclusion that he “must have had it in for the fire department,” for he had tried to become a fireman but could not pass the examination. At the con- clusion of this interestingly varied re- view of motives he expressed the opinion that this experience would be Or grin at the head walter's touch— Who cares? The sleeplessness may make him ill. ‘Who cares? At movie shows he helps to fill ‘The chairs. The world is now & merry joke. Auto or train, 'mid roar and smoke, Will take him home sunburned and broke. Who cares? Source of Opinjons. “What are your opinions on this sub- Ject?” “I'm not sure,” replied Senator Sor- ghum. “A lot of mail has come in from my constituents that I haven't yet had time to open.” Jud Tunkins says Sunday will never be & day of complete rest for & man who has to shave and dress up so's his family will think he is fit to go to church. Only Patience Required. July ere long, with sultry glow, In August will be lost. And then another month or so Will bring around the frost. “a lesson to him.” Let it be hoped that it will, and that it will teach all others who may be mis- chievously inclined to leave the fire alarm boxes alone. The false alarm sounder is & public menace. What~ ever his motive may be, his action is an invitation to disaster. The result of an alarm may appear to be a simple thing, just the sounding of sirens and the roar of motors and the dash of ap- paratus, But every response to a fire alarm, whether real or false, is fraught | with danger, to the firemen and to the people In the streets. With the utmost, care on the part of all, the necessarily | swift spced of the engines and trucks, and chiefs' cars entails possible mis-| haps. Then, too, the repeated :-unding of slarms without need wears . ~n the| morale of the department. The other night the firemen who went forth time after time on these ten false calls were spent by their efforts. After two or three of them in close succession they were in a skeptical mood regarding the possibility of a real call for their serv- Summer Poetry. “Is it not pleasant,” said the guest, “to live in the country and get up in the soft, cool air of the morning?” “Those sentiments,” admonished Farm- er Corntossel, “are not going to help the place along. If we walted for & cool morning nobody’d ever get up.” Literary Picturesqueness. “What has become of the poetic genius who used to think up names for sleeping cars?” “He's now engaged on titles ta'h. 188 apartment houses and soda fountain speclalties.” A Midnight Plea. ©Oh, Burglar, when you're on the track, A ruthless depredator, Although' the safe you boldly crack, Spare the refrigerator! “Very often,” said Uncle Eben, “yoh'll see a frightened man flourishin’ a rasger | ia an’ talkin' loud in de hope dat some- body’s gwinter git wuss skyah't dan e b THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Napoleon, even at the age of 18 vears, had learned one of the secrets { of_success. In writing to one of his brothers about an assignment which he had received in line of duty he voiced the opinion that it was & very unusual assignment for a young man and a very difficult one. He knew, instinctively, the value of boosting one's self, and upon any and eve occasion. Even in a letter to '.h:r%ume folks he never lost a chance. Most men in such a world as this would do well to take a hint from this procedure. Blowing one's own horn is a very valuable accomplishment, if done with discretion and some modesty. It is not necessary, @s the young Napoleon knew, to go on a house top and do it. A letter to one's brother will serve very well. Imagince Luclen, or Joseph, or which- ever one of the Bonaparte boys it was written to, going around telling the neighbors in Ajaccio all about it. “Yes, Napoleon has just got a big assignment, to make calculations for some new artillery placements. Big job | for such a young fellow. Few men get put on that sort of work. Very important, very.” * ® ok X The first thing you knew it would be all over the town, as no doubt it was. ‘The man who later was to be Em- peror thus early showed his knowledge of the right sort of publicity. Modesty and humility are all right, but when it comes to getting ahead in such a world as ours, there can be little doubt that the man who does not permit them to handicap him will | have a much better chance, everything ! else being equal, to “get there” than he who is reluctant to talk about his | own merits. ‘Those who make commencement ad- dresses would do better to give the youngsters some such advice as this than to fill them full of the old hocum. Suppose a distinguished gentleman, in some line or other, were to say to the boys and girls: “My dear young people, I could hand you the usual sort of chatter, about working hard and being honest and refraining from theft, snd that sort cf thing. You knsw that already. You have been hearing it all your life. “The older you get the more you will discover that there is an amazing amount of truth in it, after all. But you know it, or at least you ought to know it. “What you don't know is what few men learn until they have been out in the big world for 10, 15, 20 years or | longer. And even then few of them will be bcld enough to admit in public that they have learned it. “But I, here and now, announce my- self with a new boldness. My advice to you, my dear young people, is not so much to be honest, or hard working, or modest, as to toct your own horn with- in the limits of modesty, decency lfld‘ respect fcr the rights of others. “Almost every successful man I know talks a great deal about himself. He is never loath to inform others that what he is doing is worth doing. He always gives the impression that few other men work as hard as he does. “Now do not jump at conclusions. Perhaps he does work harder than most men. Mostly there is no doubt that he does. But he sees t) it that other men realize it. He is not willing to let a good fairy or a nice little bird tell the world about it. “At every opportunity, without be- coming a bire—and he tries to be very | careful about this—whenever he finds occasion to talk about what he is doing. or what he is going to do, he makes sure that every hearer will go away with the idea that his is a big, big job, done in a big, big way.” Our honest commencement orator would be right, although no doubt he would receive the same censure as pour- ed down cn the devoted head of that Prof. Rogers who told his students to be “snobs.” It is.one thing, In this world, to be honest, and quite another to be sincere without offense. He who would advocate & plain, workable princple of everyday living, as it is demonstrated in thou- sands of lives in every generation, may be sure that it’will be repudiated by some, applauded in secret by many, and openly by a few. ‘There is many a business man who ‘would tell you, in private, that if he had his life to live over again he would be- gin by making this principle of the young Napoleon the first which he would attempt to put into effect. In other words, he would do ncthing but what he would let every one kno: that he regarded it as quite something. Now what is tais but complete honesty? Every young man thinks that what he ‘r‘msh‘i:n pretty important, and so it is— or g ‘That is the point! That is why such a course, if gone into with & decent regard for other people, is not conceit, in the ordinary sense, but rather a divine self-ccncelt, which is altogether something else. One's ego 1s one’s most precious pos- session, and any one or anything who or which tends to exalt one’s ego is do- ing one a great service, Every one knows how helpful it is, in any organization, if there is some one in authority who takes an honest liking for one’s work, and makes it his pleas- ;Jrc to see that one gets rewarded there- or. Indeed there have been several promi- nent gentlemen in American industry to say that few men ever get anywhere without such help, and that the great- e;:m:lucce;ses aae mien whose native al les have been recognized by just such helpful men. i il * ox ok % To speak well of one's own job and work—what is that but to speik with respect of 1t? He who goes around with his eyes | modestly on the ground, afraid to call | his own work good, is being humble to {no good end. He will find many,to speak about it |for him, alas, 0 he might as well set | the pace, and then perhaps only half as many knockers will arise. Let it be added that this action can- {not be added, in deliberate fashion, |after one has been at work for many | years. It is too late then. i It must be a veritable part of one's | nature, from the beginning. It can be | cultivated, however, by the most inadept | person, and that is about all one can | say should be done. | ‘There will always be a residuum of | modest men and women who, knowing | | the value of this advice, still cannot bring themselves to adopt it. God bless them! They are, indeed. | the gentle in heart. and they will need | God’s blessing. for they will find them- | selves taken, all too often, at their own | humble valuation. ! Begin early, then, if you intend to | orofit by this advice. Start in at once, | with your first job, and talk it up. See | everything in glowing colors. Let the {duty of handing the “boss” a rubber band be not just handing a man a | band, but rather an important job of | helping the Executive achieve a great | work that day. “Without me and that | rubber band.” tell your young friends, “the whole thing might have been lost.” It might, at that. There is nothing like thinking and speaking well of one's | self, within bounds and reason. Great | men always do it; and if it is good for ‘l}(wm it ought to be good for the rest of us. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC Herbert Hoover swung into his old Belgian relief and Food Administration stride during the two and one half hectic weeks cf the moratorium nego- tiations. He was every inch “the Chief.” All roads—especially al! trans- atlantic telephone calls—Iled to his desk. No move was made that he did not approve in advance. Virtually every step of major importance was instigated by him. The whole incident was ideal for display of the driving power that distinguishes Hoover's methods when he is unhampered. Undoubtedly the Pres- ident thanks Heaven for the providential absence of Congress at the time he de- cided to strike. With Capitol Hill in action it is more than doubtful whether he could ‘have performed with such neatness and dispatch. At all events, his style would have been cnm‘aed‘ Hoover must have felt a good deal like Dewey at Manila—untrammeled master | of the situation and free to do what he thought best, as well as when and | how to do it. Political friend and foe | acknowledge that the end has justi- | fled the means. LI All of us are too near the thing to| realize its immensity. Americans wor- | ship speed. Looked at sheerly from | that standpoint, the debt holiday trans- | action is a staggering achievement. It | sets a world record for time, just as| the Post-Gatty globe-circling flight did, \ which was being accomplished, by the way, at the self-same moment. Hustle is a term the Old World henceforward will have to associate with Yankee diplomacy, too. Exactly 17 days—June 19 to July 6, inclusive—were consumed between the first announcement of the President’s move and the final accord with ce. Confidential advices pouring into Washingtcn indicate ‘that European statesmen have not even yet fully recovered consciousness after the dizzy paces through which Uncle Sam put them. The most conservative esti- mate is that the old diplomacy, un- subjected to the Hooverian touch, would have needed 17 weeks—or even months—to arrive at the decisions to which Mellon and Laval came, over the champagne (and orangeade), in Paris in the waning hours of last Monday ht. 54 * kK X Already professional diplomats in ‘Washington are woridering to what €x- tent the telephone is destined to dis- place the “note” as a method of com- munication between governments. Will Presidents and prime ministers, in light of recent events, be content to wait for long-winded replies to long-winded mes- sages sent in cipher when an oceanic telephone conversation serves the pur- pose instantaneously? It is a lead-pipe certal have opened up & new chapter in the cohduct of America’s foreign relations, no matter whether other countries stick to old-fashiored cables and codes or not. The BState Department claims there is no way of “tapping” trans- oceanic telephone talks. Ambassador Backett has just revealed at Berlin that slang was found useful for confidential communications. Imagine a European foreign office t.ryh:!‘ to decode such 1ing & e buck,” “apple- sauce,” ‘“bologna™ or “so's your old man”! * % X X Secretary of State “Bill” Castle in praise of the teamwork turned in by the whole State ment staff during the battle of the moratorium. Nobody ever thought of at the clock. Night work He was brought around in the departmental ammenc; Indef \ble t section and his equally tis press - less secretary, Hurley Fiske, the o inty that the debt negotiations | WILLIAM WILE. |of the bailiwick, were of indispensable | aid to the newspaper contingent on the | biggest stery of the decade. ‘ HH A W | Senator Hiram Bingham of Connecti- | cut, in accomplishing the feat of mak- | ing’ Wiley Post talk at a banquet in| | Washington, set an example worthy | the emulation of all toastmasters and banquet committees. Of course, the | globe-girdling pilot is almost the first' man in the world who had to be brow- beaten into making an after-dinner | speech. "He is absolutely the first one | on record to deliver exactly the kind that was wanted. What a fine idea it | would be if all toastmasters would do | what Bingham did—call a speaker to ‘ his feet, ask him pointed questions, and | drag _out of him not what the wretch | 1s aching to get off his chest, but pre- cisely and exclusively that which those present desire to hear. Banquets might then cease to bores and become Between them, Bingham and Post pulled off the most effective post- prandial performance this speech-ridden community has survived in many a moon. * K X % It's now officially disclosed that Presi- dent Hoover's mind was centered, dur- ing his mid-June dash into Indiana, Ohio and Illincis, almost exclusively on his impending moratorium proposal. As dn indication of his anxiety to get back to Washington with all possible haste, the Chesapeake & Ohio people have just announced that they broke all the road’s epeed records at Hoover's behest. On the return journey from the West, the presidential special cover- and Washington in 13 hours and 21 minutes—far faster than any train ever did it before. The run necessitated bursts of 75 and 80 miles an hour. Word was telegraphed ahead and the line was cleared in every possible direc- tion, Within two hours after reaching the White House on June 18, the Presi- dent was in conference with the French Amb: envoy to learn of transcendent events about to happen. Next day, the bomb- shell. * ok ok K Walling and gnashing of teeth well up from both the dry and wet camps. They deplore the completeness with which economic news, foreign and do- mestic, has backed prohibition off the front pages. Fanatics on either side of the lquor fence mournfully concede that the people’s thoughts are nowa- days too much attuned to business depression, and particularly to pros- pects of its disappearance, to be het up over K * K x % Triumphal feats in the sky are bring- ing an unceasing shower of praise upon the United States Weather Bureau. No Marvin and his army of meteorologists all over the country. The Chicago weather tower has just hired an avia- tor to ascend at least 13,500 feet daily to report on temperature and humidity in those altitudes. Resultant informa- tion will enable the Weather Bureau to forecast change with even greater accuracy and promptness, to the end- less benefit of commercial, postal and military fiyers. (Copyright, 1931.) o Page Aesop! From the Ban Antonlo Evening News. Chairman Stone of the Federal Farm Board holds that rural school pupils should be taught co-operative market- . but curriculum is overcrowded ‘::w.hgh,u“we! , tell them the fable about the bundle of sticks! —————— No Trick at All From the Albany Evening News. measures the warmth been invented. The do that pretty nd take your human apparatus can well. Put one on in June ai temperature. = ed the 598 miles between Cincinnati be assador, M. Claudel—first foreign | A Balloon Journey of Ninety-five Years Ago To the Editor of The Star: Up to a hundred years ago the longest air journey was the flight—in 1836—of Green from London to Ger- many, a distance of 1,200 miles. Just a few weeks prior to this trip a man named Cocking had put to the test, from Green's balloon, a patented para- chute, an inverted cone of elaborate construction, which failed to act and killed the inventor. Accompanying Green on his notable flight were two friends. Monk-Mason ! was the historian of the journey, and there is something in his description that seems part of the narrative of the flyers whom Washington today honors: “To find one's self transported in the darkpess of the night, in the midst of a vast solitude of air, unknown, un- perceived, in secret and in silence, ex- ploring territories, traversing kingdoms, watching towns which come into view and pass out of it before we can ex=- amine them in detail!” Post and Gatty have had the same experience, But & contrast! Monk- Mason gives this picture: “A black profound abyss surrounded us on all sides, and as we attempted to penetrate into the mysterious deeps, it was with difficulty we could beat back the idea and the apprehension that we were making a passage through an immense mass of black marble, in which we were enclosed and which, solid to within a few inches of us, ap- peared to open up at our approach.” ‘Those voyageurs had few instruments —clocks and watches, a compass, & barometer and no steering gear. Post and Gatty flew through darkness un- fathomable also. But they had modern scientific instruments and through steering they could direct their flight. And they have testified as to the great value of instruments and the desira- bility of better ones. That implies better mechanicians—a great need in America in a so-called “mechanical age.” PAUL MOORE. PO SRR Insulin’s Part Seen In Curing Diabetes From the St. Louls Globe-Democrat. Comparison of experiences at Philadelphia medical convention year showed how well the insulin dis- |covery is bearing up under exhaustive | tests. | Of every five persons diagnosed as having developed diabetes, one dled ago, declared Dr. E. P. Joslin of Bos- ton, described as having the best set of diabetic statistics in the world. At present only 1 out of 25 fo afflicted dies within a year. Theoretically, all persons with this disease may now live out their normal span of life, but the theoretical assumption, too, |often fails because of non-observance | of_requirements. Insulin, plus proper diet, plus avold- ance of obesity, is the formula. munities to list and call on diabetics, to see that they follow the approved regimen, is urged as & means of pPro- longing many lives, for those with the disease must learn how to save them- selves, under medical supervision. Of all the cases of the kind, 56 per cent are those of women. Early conquest of Addison's disease, & fatal but rather rare malady, charac- terized by a darkening of the skin and first diagnosed about 75 years ago, was predicted at the convention, and by a gland preparation somewhat after the analogy of insulin. It has long been known that substances obtained from the suprarenal glands tended to neu- tralize the symptoms of the diseas | Ways have now been found of so re- fining and concentrating these sub- stances as to effect permanent cures. | The remaining problem is to cheapen the process 50 as to bring the remedy. like insulin, within the reach of all afficted. . Bay SlateiMale Tax Will Aid Needy Aged From the Schenectady Gazette. Massachusetts is taxing all male cit- izens over 20 years of age $1 a year each for the benefit of the indigent of the State. This decision was reached after various methods had been discussed whereby the upkeep of the old-age pension plan, drafted by the General Court of 1930, might be assured. The scheme is really more for as- sisting than actually pensioning the aged needy. It is a humane measure, tending & from, rather than toward, charity in the humiliating meaning of the word. Not all the needy in Massachusetts, or in any other State, have even small investments. So when old age comes upon them there is little that stands between them and the almshouse. ‘That worthy institution still exists and in most places is well filled. More ,and more it is being felt that there are more satisfactory ways of caring for the needy than to herd them together in_groups. | It would be little short of impossible to provide, even were it wise, such | homes for all who are in some degree, |dependent. Helping people to help | themselves is by far the better plan | for all concerned. Assisting them to jTemain in their own homes, if they have them, and to keep together in their own families, where there are families, is the kinder way. The tax commissioner of the Bay State had several different methods of meeting the situation to propose. One was a tax on beverages, another was ,to tax tobacco. A poll tax for both men and women was suggested. The difficulty with this last was that in the many cases in which women are ! non-supporting the tax would have to paid by some one else. All these and other plans were abandoned for the one which went into effect July 1, when all males over 20 will contribute this small sum the comfort of “those less fortunate | than themselves. That they should esteem it a privi- lege is the reasonable expectation, for Wwho could wish to forego the chance | 3 of a [stamp, a week? i Povaes e Church That Makes Jobs. From the Toronto Daily Star. Something unusual in the way of | church activities is being tried by ynsvx J. Richmond Craig of Grace United Church, Winnipeg, one of the outstand- ing churches of Western Canada. It is the operation of & business known as ‘Goodwill Industries,” which collects old and disused articles and recondi- tions or transforms them so that they become salable again. The business converts junk into jobs and waste into ‘wages, as it promoters proudly say. During the first month of operation the business provided jobs for 83 per- were made sold, e ot were over and the hi ers numbering 540. ‘Three tons of T were coflected and sold. 5 made a name for himself as the the downtown section of Many were curious as to the success he the | this | | within' a year, a quarter of a century | The | emplovment of a visiting nurse in com- | | | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘Washington is the world's greatest store house of all kinds of knowledge. You can draw upon it free of charge through our bureau there, Any ques- tion of fact you may ask will be an- 8 promptly in a personal letter to you. Be careful to write clearly, give your full name and address and inclose 2-cent stamp for reply postage. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. In international water polo may a player swim under water any dis tance? I understand that in college water polo a player is allowed to swim under water 8 feet maximum—A. M. | A. The New York Athletic Association | says that a player can swim any dis- | tance under wat:r, provided he has not | possession of the ball. At no time can | a player take the ball under water. In colleglate water polo a player may swim any distance, provided he has not the ball, but he is only allowed 8 feet when. pushed under with the ball. Q. Which of the American Legion posts puts on the largest rodeo?—T. I.| A. The Williams-Jobe-Gibson Post, No. 128, Inc., of Sidney, Iowa, claims this distinction. | Q. Is hay fever a hereditary dis-| ease?—B. L. A. It is due to an inherited sensitivity of the mucous membran> of the eyes, nose and bronchial tubes. Inheritance | determines largely whether or not an| individual will develcp hay fever and at what time in life symptoms of the malady will occur. Q. Where are the flowers grown for French perfumes?—L. R. A. When Catherine de Medici went to France she was accompanied by a fa- mous Florentine perfumer named Rene, and ever since that time the French have made great progress in the art. Certain districts in France are noted for certain perfumes. Cannes is noted for its perfumes of the rose, tuberos cassia and jJasmine; Nimes for thym rosemary and lavender, and Nice f the violet and mignonette. In fact, most of the flowers which form the basis of natural perfumes are grown in g‘.‘e viclnity of ~Grasse, Cannes and ce. Q. How is sand colored which is uscd‘ by chalk-talk artists to make sand pic- tures?—J. W. A. Much of the colored sand used is made by mixing the sand with very finely powdered colored chalk. The | chalk may be dyed with an ordinary commercial dye, then fancly ground and sifted and mixed wida the sand. Q. What was Alan D: an: v:“l'lx‘enddld he die?>—C. W. C. . Alfred Ji Cohen, dramatic criti and’ author, died in 1925, ¢ Q. How many kinds of poisonous | xn;‘keé are there in the United States? | | ale's real name A. There are only two families of poisonous snakes in the United States, | in each of which there are several | species. The rattlesnake family, Cro- talidae, has three genera—Crotalus, Sistrurus and Agkistrodon. Crotalus is the genus of the common rattlesnakes, of which there are about 15 species. Sistrurus is the genus of the Massa- saugas, ‘of which there are only three species. Agkistrodon is the genus of | the copperhead and the water mocca- sin. The other family of poisonous snakes is the family of the coral snakes. Elapidae. There are only two species of this family common in the United States—the Hariequin snake and the | Sonoran coral snake, both belonging to | the genus Elaps. | Q. What has become of the perty in Russia known as Bolsheviki>—V. M. A. In Russian politics a Bolshevik Is| & member or adherent of the radical wing of the Social Democratic party. The Bolsheviki favored an immediate effort to prepare for the full introduc- | tion of the Marxian sccialistic program, "uslnx for this program a dictatorship of the proletariat. After inaugurating this program they formed the Third | Internationale. Since 1918 the party of the Bolsheviki is called the Com- | munist party. | Q. Which country ranks next to the iann:dc States in ofl production?— A. 'Venezuela in 1930 ranked 1(o the United States. oo Q. When was the preliminary Eman- cipation Proclamation issued?—R. D, M. A. It was issued by President Lin- coln on September 22, 1862. In this Proclamation he declared that “Slaves in all the States, or designated parts of States, that should be in rebellion against the Government on the st of January, 1863, should be forever free.” The thirteenth amendment, abolishing slavery forever in the United States, was proclaimed on December 18, 1865, a part of the supreme law of the land. Q. What countries other than Rus- sia do not.make it unlawful for parties to agree to seek a divorce by what is lcr}x{neg cguuslon in the United States? A. In many countries, particular] Scandinavian, both parties may join tr’x a petition for divorce, and in Sweden this is exceedingly common. It is not hecessary that a crime against the other shall be committed by either party. A year's probation is required if such a petition is filed. By far the greater numoer of divorces granted in Sweden last year was for incompati- bility. Q. Wht instruments make up a dance orchestra of ordinary size”—F. W. A. Violin, alto and tenor saxophones, tenor-banjo, trombone, cornet, bacs viol » and drums. Q. Is there a distinguishing mar] aHASE‘rll_?’wlch glass?~€,‘ L. S‘ e e ere is no distinguishing mark by which all Sandwich glass E;‘M"A be identified. A little boat-shaped salt- cellar is generally accepted as the earliest of the Sandwich salts. This has the imprint “B and S Glass Company™ on the stern, “Sandwich” on_the bot- tom, and “Lafayette” on each of the side wi If the Sandwich works had continued the practic> of marking all their pieces, there would be less difficulty now about the probable source of bits of glass claimed as Sandwich. Q. Is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris the largest triumphal arch in the world?—L. L. A. It is. This arch is 147 feet high and 149 fect wice. Q. Is there a coloriess ink which is invisible on white paper unless viewed through colored glasses?>—C. E. W. A. There is not. There is, however, a certain form of camouflage in which figures and l:tters are painted on a background of the same color. This is done by coloring the paints with pig- ments, or mixtures of pigments, which match one another in color but which are of different chemical composition. They match one another because the impression made on the retina of the eye is the combined effect of all of the light rays that are transmitted to it from the painted surface. A plece of colored glass partially analyzes the light by absorbing some of the light rays and letting others through. What gets through to the eye is not the same in both cases, hence the background and the design do not appear the same color. 'Ousted Woman | Unrepresentative of Sex National comment on the removal of Magistrate Jeen Norris of New York b}" the Aprellat:> Division of the Supreme | Court of that State reveals general re- | gret that one who was chosen as a representative of her sex for an im- portant office should have failed to maintain the traditicns of justice. “Mrs, Norris is one of the very few of her sex who would create cause for | removal,” siys the Scranton Times, | while the Richmond News Leader con- | tends that “there are scores of women holding important positions in New York and other States who have met | responsibilty with good sense and have borns with modesty the bewilder- ing light of publicity.” The St. Joseph | Gazette points to the success of another | woman, “rather prominent in the gov-| ernment of New York—Miss Henrietta | Additon—who has been appointed a deputy police commissioner,” and to| the fact that she “has been at the head of New York's crime prevention bureau.” “There ar: plenty of women who would bring sympathy, understanding and a discriminating intelligence to bear on the problems presented in a woman’s court.” in the opinion of the Danbury Evening News, and the Little J udgé Called ] clares the Flint Journal. The Phila- delphia Evening Bulletin ‘summarizes the situation with the statement: ‘Magistrate Norris has been one of the high-ranking leaders of women in her profession of law, in which she un- dertook a career after she was widowed. She was appointed, first woman on the bench of a New York court, Oc- tober 27, 1919, by Mayor Hylan. In 1914 she was elected president of the National Woman Lawyers' Association, rving _altogether for three years. rom 1919 to 1922 she was president of the New York State Federation of Business_ and Professional Women's Clubs. But she is declared unfit for the magistracy because she did mnot respect and obey the law in her of- ficial acts. Her dismissal on these charges is an emphatic reminder that knowledge of the law and respect for it are essential in the primary pro- ceedings of the magistracy, no less | than in the higher courts. Honesty and zealous purpose, even, do not jus- | tify arbitrary action in disregard of | the law.” e Cost of Experience. Rock Arkansas Democrat offers the |From the Wall Street Journal comment: “We suspect that she was| Three Western provinces of Canadi— corrupted by her asscciation with male | Ajperta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan—— P e o mvbected Doy | Will have to pay about $22,000000 for to deal out justice more carefully to the | a lesson in th: so-called “orderly mar- yearly to help secure' women who appeared in her court, and then to find that in reality she believed | the men and nct the women, is exactly what was to have been looked for.” * % x ‘The Baltimore Evening Sun holds that “as between ,women and men politicians, there is nothing to choose.” The Omaha World-Herald concludes: “Women have pretty largely won their fight to compel the men to grant them equal privileges and acknowledge that they have equal rights. Now women must engage upon the task which has so bitterly disappointed the men for many generations, and that is the task of making their own sex worthy of the responsibilities and duties that life as well as citizenship involves.” “Woman has taken her place in pub- lic life,” Chronicle, “not because she is superior to man, nor, on the other hand, because man makes a concession to an inferior. Women are ‘persons’ under much the same influences and motives as other persons. The sooner women and men grasp that fact, the more quickly will women be freed from unjust criticism because of dereliction in office by some person who happens to be a woman.” The Loulsville Courier-Journal empha- sizes the fact that Magistrate Norris “turned out to be & hard, cruel woman to girls so unfortunate as to be haled into her court.” The cersey City Jour- nal declares that ‘“she seems to have branch of the Government is today of | sons for a total of 1,330 hours of work | been out for & recora of convictions, more practical aid to aviation than Dr.|and enabled 180 persohs to earn meals | forgetting that courts can survive only No less than 955 articles |as long as they make basic rights of a5~ | individuals their greatest concern.” “She was plainly intoxicated by her power,” says the South Bend Tribune, while the Rutland Herald views her as an the law.” of a mission church in [one who “thought herself bigger than ‘Vancouver. | the office and bigger th: ‘The Buffalo Eves News' concludes would have in historic and cultured | that “in removing her from office, the | Grace Church, Win: has assisted material- , which is lo- |appellate division cated in the hunn;??mflct of that l§pt:> redeem the Magistrates’ Courts.” idly declining and be- i A molnd when Mr. day Grace Church draws crowds that churches in the districts are comj their people are services. The classes and also the well-to-do seem to | gospel that Mr. Cralg preaches and practices. city and was o te. To- residential Safety Belt Law Opposi Prom the Columbus Ohio State Journsl If there is any indication of a gen- | len‘ - ofm:ln lg”rmlfiu ‘croone: :B‘ll‘ ltlct;‘belu wl buildings should be resciaded. that many® of | Houl ing attracted by s | Fosiec! * ® ok “The Megistrates' Courts,” states the New York Sun, “are tribunals in which the rights of the citizen deserve par- ticular safeguarding. In them the Ipless and least resourceful ‘are Judiciary 5 bound in consclence to scrupulous protection of soclal | those who, because of ce, weakness justice the appella decision to remove her from office.’ “Unfortunately it has beenm‘ the ex- them to perience of the h'l.h working an“:l;)‘: are suhjegt o r:ual‘tltn “.Z tues in palitics and public office,” according to the San Francisco | keting” of wheat. Like other teachings of experience, the lesson was costly, but if well learned it may be worth the cost. Wheat is so distributcd over the world that no country has a monopoly of it; being grown in a wide range of latitude and in both the Northern and Southern ‘Hemispheres, the ripening period is | spread well over the y2ar. Consequently, | each of the principal exporting countries | has a well defined period for its heaviest | shipments. Knowing this, experienced grain men do the bulk of their shipping Within those periods, one surplue part | of the world following hard on the heels of another. This is orderly mar- keting because it conforms to the order of nature. The co-operative marketing theory, | however, is that this is disorderly mar- | keting, and orderly marketing accord- ing to this theory includes a 12-month | shipping. or else holding for a higher price, Both th2 Canadian pool and the Federal Farm Board in 1929 adopted the holding movement even though the world was well supplied with wheat; | they speculated on the possibility of a crop failure in 1930. The Canadian pool borrow:d money from the banks, with an agreement to keep a certain margin between loans and market prices of wheat. |~ Their speculation went wrong and the | time came wh:n the pool could not | keep up its margin requirements, and an appeal for help was made to the pro- vinclal governments. Those govern- ments guaranteed the banks against | loss, and now face the necessity of handing the banks their bonds to the total amount of =about $22,000.000. Farmers who did not market their wheat through this system must now join with the others in ng the cost of this sp:culation. If misery loves company Western Canada can look toward the United States, where the same folly is being re-enacted on a larger scale. We, too, did soms “orderly marketing” not only in wheat, but in cotton, wool and other products. We do not know yet what the nt{!ct cl_;o:t u;m be, but from the effect it is having on new crop prices it is a safe assumption that the indirect will be larger than the dir:ct cost. But if our X tors learn anything by this experience the expenditure will not have been in vain. Ford's Method Understood. From the Springfield (Mass.) Unlon. Still sticking stubbornly to his con- tention_that prohibition is a success, Henry Ford thinks it necessary to raise cantaloupes as & source of for use in auto paint.