Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1931, Page 6

{THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. —_— THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor b A S — The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 8t. and Pennsylvania Ave, Offce: 110 East 42nd 8t e Lake Michigan Bullding. Regent 8., London, slan Rate by Carrier Within the City. vening 8! . 45¢ per month R‘:".; "4 "Eundase) 760 per montn T e s Bundars) e .88 per month S lestion made st ghe siid gt e month: g“flil'flrnlfl’ be sent in by mall or Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. and Sunday.....1yr., $10.00: 1 mo. 85c | SR it AR All Other States and Canada. 1 3%, $1200: 1 mo. $1.00 | E:-'x}i A0y Sunday...§ % $8.00: 1 mo. *ise inday only $5.00; 1 mo., 1yrs s0c ‘Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited (o it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the local news published herein. All riehts of publication of speciel dispatches herein are also reserved. —_————————————y A Common-Sense Agreement. i An adjustment of the differences be- | tween the Senate on the one hand and the House and the President on the other over relief legislation has b2en reached. It is a common-sense agre ment. There is no suggestion of a Fed- eral “dole” contained in the proposed legislation. At the same time it will| permit the people of the drought-‘ stricken area to use maney borrowed | from the Federal Treasury to buy food for themselves as well as for the live stock on their farms, a provision for| which the Senators have contended | from the start. No mention of food is | contained in the language of the agree- ment, but it has been interpreted on all | sides that the farmers in the stricken aress of the country may use money borrowed from the particular $20,000,- | 000 set up to purchase not only food but other necessities. The whole plan looks to Government aid in “rehabilitation™ of the farms. As the Republican leader, Senator Watson, aptly remarked, it is| not possible to rehabilitate farms with | dead farmers. Under the terms of the agreement the $45,000,000 already appropriated for { Tellef in the drought-striken area is made available for the purchase of feed ; for lve stock other than work stock. | Originally the feed purchased with | money obtained from loans derived from that' fund could only be used to pur- chase feed for work stock. ‘The Democratic leaders of the Sen- ate have announced their satisfaction with the agreement. At the White House the view is taken that there has been no surrender of prineiple; that no precedent has been set looking to a Federal dole to the distressed in this country. The work of charity, of pro- viding food, clothing and shelter for the destitute in this country will be continued by the American Red Cross and by the local charitzble and State organizations. The Federal Govern- ment will not dabble in such work. The adjustment now reached leaves the Red Orogs free to continue its work of re- lief, a work which it has been carry- ing on with signal success. At one time when it looked as though Congress had become involved in a snarl which could not be untangled, cool heads tackled the problem. The Tesult should be eminently satisfactory to all parties. In addition to speeding relief legislation, the agreement, it is hoped, will end the possibility of a spe- clal session of the Congress this Spring, & special session which, with very few exceptions, members of Congress them- selves do not wish, and against which the opinion of the country is strongly set, The New District Justice. President Hoover has made a most @gratifying selection in filling the vacancy on the District Supreme Court created by the promotion of Justice Hitg to the District Court of Appeals. James M. Proctor, whose nomination hag just gone to the Senate, is not only & Washingtonian and thus replaces a Washingtonian on the District bench, but he is exceptionally qualified for the Judicial assignment by reason of his intymate knowledg: of District law and praetice and his extensive acquaintance with the personnel of the District bar. He has, moreover, the confidence of the legal fratcrnity and enjoys the highest Tespect of the community. It is espe- cially fitting that so capable a jurist as Justice Hitz should be succeeded in the District Supreme Court by one who possesses in the sam: degree qualifica- tions for this responsible duty. ———————— Descriptions of Bishop Cannon refer to him as appearing ill-humored. Any randid person will admit that he has had very little in recent experience to inspire him with light-hearted hopes of being regarded as “the life of the party.” ————— The Overflowing Chest. The confidence felt from the outset Of the campaign that the Community | Chest would be filled to the last dollar | of requircment has been justified by the event. The latest audit of the sub- scriptions indicates a surplus of sev- eral thousand dollars. All of this ex- cess beyond the $1,950,154.40 stated at | the outset as the specific goal of the @irive will be helpful, however, in meet- ing deficiencies that may occur in the failyre of the fulfiliment of pledges. In every large public subscription endeavor a margin is always to be allowed to compensate for lapses, due to the death of subscribers, to misfortunes or to| negligence. It is in order now formally to thank those who have contributed o the suc- | cess of the Chest, those who organized the canvassing force and led and in- spired it during the campaign, the so- licitors themselves and chiefly those who gave. Probably never before has Washington been so thoroughly covered in s fund-raising campaign. Never before have so many individuals con- tribyted to any cause in the history of the Capital. This was perhaps due t the exceptional conditions making 8 large subscription essential and to the weal and enterprise of those who car- ried the plea and pought contributions. ‘Washington is not a rich city. Its infinitely to their credit that they bear 1t willingly, cheerfully and in a splen- did spirit of public service. This time these Washingtonians of greater wealth have done their share, have added to their subscriptions would not have suf- ficed by a great percentage to fill the Chest, with its added Red Cross re- quirement. More than a million had to come from the others, the Wash- ingtonians of proportionately slender means, the small-salaried people, many of whom have extra burdens to bear in these times of Nation-wide economic stress. They have met the requisition splendidly. ——gpe Our Latin American Policy. ‘Throughout the epidemic of revolu- tion which infected South and Central America during the past year, the Latin American policy of the United States has come under bitter fire. The Hoover administration has been variously ac- cused of indecision and inepitude, and on at least two occasions of fatally backing the wrong horse.. the Council of Foreign Relations at New York last night, and later the radio audience of the country, Secretary Stim- son warmly defended the State Depar.- ment against the “excited” criticism to which its “decisions” have been sub- jested. son, in consequence of the dispassionate array of precedents, traditions and obli- h he submits builds up a ng case 2gainst the charge that we en guilty of bungling and wab- bling in Latin America. There is no more prescient passage in the address of the Secretary of State than the reminder of the snail's pace at which the ideals of true Democratic government are advancing among the republics to the South. *“The hundred years which have ensued since the an- Tnouncement of our policy towards these nations have contained recurring evi- dence,” he says, “of how slow is the progress of mankind along that difficult highway which leads to national ma- turity and how difficult is the art of popular self-government.” The “colossus of the North,” reso- lutely pursuing its policy of safeguarding the sovereign rights end independence of all the twenty-one Americas, rejects once ageain, through this highly official pronouncement, the recurring imputa. tion of “North American imperialism. Secretary Stimson bluntly suggests that our conduct toward Latin America com- pares mors than favorably “with cur- rent international morality in other hemispheres.” Then he dares to give & new and arresting definition of Mon- roeism. Defining our policy, in its gen- eral conception, as “a noble one,” Col. Stimson describes the Monroe Doctrine 2s “a declaration of the United States versus Europe—not of the United States versus Latin America.” Getting down to recent events, the Secretary of State deals with recogni- tion and traffic in arms. The Wilson administration, he recalls, broke with the historic policy laid down by Presi- dent Jefferson, whereby for nearly a century the United States consistently accorded recognition to de facto gov- ernments,. whether they came into power through revolution or otherwise. President Wiison, finding himself with Huerta’s Mexico on his hands in 1913, broke with the Jeffersonian policy and decreed that the United States would recognize no government that did not hold office by virtue of legitimate con- stitutional methods. The present administration has re- fused to pursue the Wilsonian program and has reverted to Jeffersonianism, with the result that when de facto gov- ernments came into being in 1930 in Bolivia, Peru, Argentina and Brazil the United States lost no time in recognizing them. In the early hours of 1931 Washington similarly ac- corded recognition to a de facto Pana- man government. Different condi- tions govern our attitude toward Cen- tral America. The United States con- cwred in the treaty of 1923 under which Guatemala, Nicaragua, Salvador, Costa Rica and Honduras covenant not to recognize a government unconstitu- tionally set up in any of those coun- tries. When a revolutionary President recently seized office in Guatemala neither the United States nor any of the other Central American states rec- ognized him. Not until a properly elected President was installed was he able to command recognition. As to traffic in arms, Secretary Stim- son discusses the strange incidents which accompanied the change in gov- ernments at Rio de Janeiro. Under the 1928 Havana Pan-American con- vention traffic in war materials is spe- cifically forbidden “except when in- tended for the government, while the belligerency of the rebels has not been recognized.” Acting under that pro- vision, the United States allowed arms to be shipped to the Brazilian govern- ment, but placed an embargo on thely export to the rebel forces. Forty-eight hours later the revolutionists were in control. Secretary Stimson may have “packed the wrong horse,” but he was backing the indubitsbly right horse when he comported himself in strict accordance with s solemn treaty obli- gation of the United States Government. President Hoover has laid it down as a fundamental feature of his policy that our diplomatic posts in Latin \America shall be given to specialists whose equipment includes the Spanish language, and, in the case of Brazil, Portuguese. The Secretary of State paints too vivid a picture of the mag- nitude of our Latin American interests 10 justify intrusting them to deserving politicians, dilettantes or amateurs, If there is need anywhere in the world for a trained, conscientious and efficient American foreign service personnel those places are on either side of the Isthmus of Penama. With our posts in South and Central America efTective- ly filled, the Btite Department in fu- ture will invite less criticism, * ted" or otherwise, - In metropolitan circles a question appears to be coming up as to whether graft is to be regarded as & reprehensi- ble exception to the rule or as an estab- lished custom. ——— . Evasion of the Law. The quicker there is a showdown on the federally financed sale of grape concentrate, the better it will be for all concerned, and the Senate debate on that subject, the bringing of the sales campaign to Washington and the individual average of wealth is com- parstively small. There are relatively few residents of large fortunes. In most cases of public subscription these !wlxhnk!tll-.ntnh candid statements of the Wickersham Commission on the anomalous condi- tions resulting from this new venture all point to & settlement. The issue is one of the most inter- It must be said that Col Stim- | THE EVE esting that has developed under pro- hibition. Its nature is such that it makes Senator Tydings of Maryland, representative of one point of view, and Senator Sheppard of Texas, representa- tive of the opposite point of view, see eye to eye. Both of them agree that something should be done. The prac- NING tical thing that can be done is to take | rig! the step recommended by the Wick- ersham Commission and amend the Vol- stead act as to cider and fruit juices by making some uniform provision for a fixed alcoholic content. In other words, the Volstead act should either prohibit or sanction such practices as those represented in the sale of California grape concentrates. There should not be so much uncertainty as to the legality of the sales as to constitute what the Wickersham Commission correctly calls an “invitation to hypocrisy and evasion.” There 18 no doubt that the well organized sale of California grape con- centrate, and the careful advertising that accompanies such sale, ar: author- ized by the Prohibition Bureau and that under the Volstead act the sales may be construed as perfectly legal. But the Wickersham Commission states facts that are obvious to everybody. “Why home wine-making should be lawful while home-brewing of beer and home-distilling of spirits are not,” it says, “why home wine-making for home use is less reprehensibl: than making the same wine outside the home for home use, and why it should be penal to make wine commereially for use in hom:s and not be penal to make in huge quantities the material for wine- making and st up an elaborate solling campaign for disposing of them, is not apparent. If, as has been decided, the provision means to sanction home- making of wine of grater alcoholic content than permitted by section 1, it is 50 arbitrary, so inviting of evasion, and so contrary to the policy announced in section 3 (of the Volstead act) that it can only be & source of mischief.” There may be little harm from the sal> of materials for the manufacture of home wine, and there may be little damage to the cause of temperance by drinking the wine so manufactured. But respect for the law as a whole suffirs when the law permits what can only be honestly construed as a clever and ingenious plan to evade the law's intent. ——ae—. Many homicides remain mysteries forever in spite of a concentration of public interest that might be expected to go far toward disclosing the truth. With thousands of citizens eager, but powerless, to disclose the facts, the police must be regarded as excusable in some degree for being baffled in their researches. —————_ Some of the stories around which great operas have been written were | not, when first made public, regarded as strictly moral. A censorship of the theater qualified to go deeply into the subject of playhouse proprieties would require a profundity of scholarship not readily available. ——————— Soviet Russia honors the memory of Lenin with unfaltering reverence. In lands where freedom of expression is held inviolable, it is possible to ridicule men venerated as true patriots in a manner which even Russian recklessness would never tolerate. N ‘There is no one who prefers a dole to earning opportunity. There are enough captains of industry in this coun- try to establish employment systems which will enable pride of workmanship to hold its place when the first shock of disaster has been cared for. ———————— ‘The Prince of Wales is referred to as the traveling salesman of good will. He draws a rather heavy expense account, which his firm will be only too glad to meet, in view of the recognition he can claim as a business promoter. oo SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Now. In earnestness men paused to read ‘The urgent call for a good deed. The generous spirit was so great That no one seemed to hesitate. There was no time for “When" “How,” The most important word was “NOW.” ‘What progress kindly care would make Could we avold each small mistakel But men who heed the impulse true ‘Will be forgiven for a few Small errors, if our heads we bow, In reverence for the great word “NOW.” and One of the Old Safe Guard. “Of course, you regard it as your duty to safeguard the interests of the people.” “Emphatically,” answered Senator Sorghum. “And nothing, in my opin- fon, is more important in safeguarding the interests of the people than to keep an expert on the job by re-electing me.” Jud Tunkins says the games are dif- ferent since the racketeers got busy. A man used to be able to buy a gold brick and go on about his business, but now he’s liable to be “taken for a ride” and “put on the spot.” The Birthday Month. In February comes the thought That bids us contemplate, In days that are with Duty fraught, ‘The memories of the great, ‘Who labored each with loyal heart, And taught us one and all That each must strive to do his part, Alert to Duty's call. sredit Where It Is Due. much enjoy reading about this film star who is now having so much elebrity,” said Miss Cayenne. ‘She is your favorite picture star?” “Not exactly. But she has my fa- vorite press agent.” T “It is often better to suffer in silence,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “than to utter protest which cannot be proceeded with exeept in conflict with some one more expert in quarrels.” Superabundant Energy. Our honored statesmen are all right As they their ways pursue, SBometimes you think they're going to fght— And yet they never do. STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1931. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The sense of smell has never had its htful place in the thoughts of the majority of ind. It is not enough to smell, but one roperly must know that he smells, and appreciative of the odor if pleasant to him. le go through life wrinkking es over the bad smells, loudly explafn] ‘Phew!” ‘What they should do, for their own benefit, is to be no less noisy in their demonstrations over the lovely scents of every day which occur everywhere. Consider the fragrance of fresh air. “I am in love with it,” said Walt Whitman. “I could live with it for- ever.” The 2ir has no smell, you say? That is where you are” wrong. The fresher it is, the finer its fra- grance is to the discriminating. Almost any one can smell fresh air, on a frosty morning. Ozone, they say. But it takes the connolsseur of odors —odeurs, as they put it in French &nd in the perfumery ads—to smell an ordinary morning. * ok K ¥ Smelling the sweetness of dawn— ‘There is an occupation for you, one which has in it many rich rewards. If you dislike the smell of onions, or cabbage cooking, you will all ths more appreciate the frishness of a Winter morning. ‘The air smells good. not in a negative, sterile w lacking an odor, but with a positive composcd of fresh air molecules, or how- ever you want to explain it. Happily the nostrils demand no ex- planation. So much is true of all the senses, if one has enough common sense not to apologize for their gifts. ‘The scent of a fine cay is no less deli- est of the Spring smells, L Why has itself ‘a_semi-horror, pugnance against “smell"? With characteristic pessimism it has agreed to be nastily nice in the use of the word, alone and preferring fragrance and the like for pleasant smells. But it won't do. There are nice smells and unpleas- ant smells, and each is as charac- teristic as the other. One would dizlike to be in the posi- tion of the gentleman in Alexander Pope's poer who died of an “aro- matic pain.” Or be one cf those persons who are unable to appreciate the good smells of the every day. * % ok x Household odors are beautiful mostly, not only in themselves, but in relation to the homely but good things from which they emanate. Food, of course, comes immediately to mind. To mind is where all good a the nice, neat re- good word smells come at last. quty of its own, a charm| cate than the fragrance of lilacs, swest- | mankind drawn up for | using it for bad odors | 1t is their home. | the recognition and discrimination. What is pleasanter than the fra- grance of beefsteak cooking? No matter what one may think or not think of meat in the diet, its odor, while cooking, is delicious. i A big turkey roasting in the oven throws forth delectable smells, Sage dressing—yum, yum! Spices, salmon — here are some stronger smells, if please. The ventilating device which would take them out of the kitchen would spoil (hli.s feature of the home for the nose- wise, you 0 Rk Old books end tobacco have char- acteristic smells of their own. The smeil of old books is delicate, composed of so many parts leather, so many of glue, s0 many of time, and perhaps a little dust. Even dust has its own peculiar fra- grance, not bad if taken in small quantities, Various cleansers commonly used in the home have their odors, telling the inquisitive nose that they are being used and informing the inquisitive mind that abrasives have character, too. Delicate perfumes of soap float out of the bath. Such fragrances, in most cases, are elusive and last no longer than the time of use. Washing and ironing, basement ac- tivities, present delicate olfactory senses with more food for reflection. ‘Washing gives a pungent odor; iron- ing sometimes a sharp, crisp smell when the iron comes into contact with the cloth for too long a time. * K K K An almost forgotten fragrance is that of a rainy day. Dry streets and walks and lawns and trees and shrubs give off a peculiar odor, not altogether pleasant at first, when a rain, long deferred, hits them at lost. £o~n, however, this dusty smell gives place to the delicious fragrance of a rainy day. It is a smell to be sensed at no other time and in no other way. Nor should we forget, the tangy smell of the snow, especially in the early morning or late at_night. Blankets and other bedding fresh in from the line have a delightful smell. Newly washed and ironed clothes have almost a rerfum?, if so fresh an odor can be called a perfume. * K K ok ‘The hot iron of the furnace, working at a high point, is not an unpleasant smell. Even a properly working fireplace, although it does not smoke, gives forth a slight odor of its own, reminding one og burning leaves on a crisp, Fall eve- ning. These household odors are delectable only to the person who is consciousl aware of them. That is why it is ne essary to train one’s mind, not one’s nose so much, to recognize them, to dis- criminate one from the cther and to find a certain sense of satisfaction in Action by leaders of the American Legion in favor of payment of cash by the Government on certificates of the veterans of the World War has re- sulted in a great national discussion, with the majority opinion tending to- ward compromise which will provide | specific remedy for the needy rather | than a general disbursement of funds. “Representatives and Senators,” says the Milwaukee Journal, “know that the plan of wholesale cash payments with- out regard to need is wrong. But many will be fearful that a vote against such a plan will be used against them in coming campaigns. Surely it is the duty of service men as well as others to say to their Congressman: ‘Look after those who are in need. We want those who risked everything taken care of. Those who are not in need are not the men to press their country for cash at a time like this.'” The Lowell Eve- ning Leader declares: “There is no denying that many veterans are now fesling the economic pinch seriously. The question is whether it is not pos- sible without too great a drain on the ‘Treasury to provide relief in such a manner that they may retain their rights in the certificates. To retard business recovery would put them at a fresh disadvantage.” “The declaration by the National Ex- ecutive Committee of the American Legion that the Government imme- diately cash all of the compensation certificates of the veterans,” in the opinion of the Fort Worth Record- Telegram, “will hardly record the opin- ions of the rank and file of the organ- ization members.” That paper con- cludes: “Congress so easily could in- clude the completion of all of the hos- pitalization projects and cut all of the red tape in those individual cases of men suffering because they cannot ‘prove their claims.’ If it could but be induced to stay with the practical and remain away from the political contacts with the ex-service men there could bs much deserved alleviation of suffer- ing and a commendable increase in the cireulation of money.” ‘The San Francisco Chronicle declines to argue the question, but offers “in- formation to aid intelligent discussion of the various proposals.” Pointing out that Congress “voted a bonus of $1 a day for each day of service, with some additional allowance for overseas serv- ice,” that paper contributes these facts to the record: “Then—as now — the problem of paying the bonus in spot cath was the problem of raising the immense amount of money involved without disaster to the financial struc- ture of the country. To avold this danger and for other sound reasons the existing plan of deferred payment was devised. * * * If the Government changes the plan and now cashes the certificate at maturity face value it pays $1,000 for $245 of actuarial value. Or, figuring it on the actual bonus, the Government would be paying $1,000 for a $400 bonus which has earned five years' interest, minus the cost of in- surance coverage for five years." proposal certainly has two sides, each of which rhould b2 con- sidered by those who favor cashing those certificates at this time,” advises the Little Rock Arkansas Democrat, of- fcrlng the queries: “If those veterans sacrifice their insurance, what provision can they make for caring for their sur- vivors? While their need is great to- day, is it any greater than 1 be the need of their loved ones if they are left alone to fight the world's battles? Do those veterans need their insurance money today more than they will need 1t in old age?” “We believe,” says the Rockford Morning Star, “that at the present time the mcn who once wore World War uni- forms are the backbone of the Nation’s economic structure and there is no question but that in five or ten years they will have taken over largely the mature leadership of the economic col munity. We think it is a proud thing that these men can lay claim to this leadership, for they took the handicap of & year or two years out of their lives and still made good. It is for the veterans themselves determine whether as they into middle life they will assume the extra burden on business of the billions of dollars in compensation.” “The Legion's first, its highest pur- pose,” according to the Omaha World- Herald, “must be to fight the battles of those who were disabled, or lend the helping hand to the families of vet- erans, living or dead. No other ceuse could hold tha Legion togather, no otier service would justify its existence. Pay- ment of th: bonus now is & question of justice, of financing and of legisla- tion that cannct referred to the Legion for solution. It must be solved President and Congress, and from it and = .lmm ecome. The responsibili theirs no other'’s.” MRS, Wide Bonus Debate Reveals Possibility of Compromise “An alternative proposal in Congress to increase the loan value of certificates may afford a basis for compromise by those who fee] that the veterans should recelve some additional compensation at this time,” suggests the Fort Wayne News-Sentinel. Whe St. Louis Globe- Democrat holds that “unless in need, the veterans should hold on to their certificates,” but that “it should be practicable to increase the amounts ob- tainable as loans upon their certifi- cates.” Demanding a presidential veto upon “threatened attack on the return of prosperity,” the New York Evening Post declares: “This country may ex- pect to see Congress take some action for immediate )alymenn or increasing loaning power of adjusted compensation certificates. This was virtually legis- lated upon for all of us by the Execu- tive Committee of the American Legion when it went directly back upon the decision of the last Legion convention.” “In all respect for the dignity and ability of our chief financier,” says the St. Louls Times, “we are inclined to the thought that Mr. Mellon's chief anxiety lies back of his personal pride in making an unprecedented reduction of the national war debt.” The Times asserts: “While we believe that the bonus proposal needs revision, we still feel that a comr)mm!.!e may be arrived at whereby living soldiers receive at least a part of the committed amount instead of having it as an estate. Three billions may strain the Treasury struc- ture, but a substantial amount might be advanced if Mr. Mellon were to put his famed skill to the problem.” “An appreciable liquidation at this time of the Government’s acknowledged obligation would not only relieve want in countless cases, but also would put millions of dollars in circulation in all parts of the country for general stimulus of business,” believes the Wheeling In- telligencer, Advocating the privilege of cashing certificates “at their present- day value, with the admonifion, of sourse, that all who can possibly hold on to them do s0,” the Columbus (Ohio) State Journal sees demand for a billion or more dollars, and concludes: “Private business, which would shy at first at the competition of the Government in the bond field, soon would regain what confidence it has, for a billion dollars cag be absorbed without hurting any- bedy.” “They must have relief in some form,” maintains the Ann Arbor Daily News. “Not because politicians think it ad- visable, not because it will stimulate business, and in spite of contrary eco- nomic arguments. The former allled nations may be entitled to debt relief for the sake of world economics. These soldiers are entitled to help as fenders of the Nation, and the help should be J)roflded out of pure pa- triotism and gratitude.” Judgment that business recovery would be delayed by general cash pay- ments is voiced by the Kansas City | Times, the Providence Journal, the Roancke Times, the Richmond News Leader, the Hartford Times and the Houston Chronicle. . Who Shall Decide? From the Newark Evening News. Bir Arthur Eddington says the world is coming to an end. Dr. Robert A. Milllkan say$ it is not. 'Tis, says Ed- dington. ’'Tain't, says Millikan, “Tis, Arthur comes back, snappily, and not only that, but the whole universe will become & uniform featureless mass in thermodynamic equillbrium, That is the last word, so far. While Milliken s looking throusgh his diction= ary and thesaurus for bigger and bet- ter last words, let us beg the boys to stop quarreling before they do to sci- ence what the Kilkenny cats of Wash- ington have done to the Republican party. What difference does it make, in either event? If the world is going to go mxoz in a coupl of million years, 8ir Arthur won't be around to say, “I told you 80,” nor will any of us be on hand to watch the spectacle. And if the old universe continues to do busi- ness at its old stand infinitely, there will still be sclentists on hand in the year 20001931 to predict its doom just same. Who cares? Sir Arthur has eight degrees and is an F. R. 8. Dr. Millikan has sixteen degrees, nine of them Sc. D.s. 'That ought to give him an edge cn his Brit- ish disputant, kvl Who's Who also lisis among Sir Arthu honors that of “Chief Wrangler,” 8o Dr. Millikan might as well give up looking through his word books for something to maich “thermodynamic equilibrium.” There’s no use bucking the Chief Wrangler of the British uh.beoll:fi:ne‘ven it h‘e. was _eont couldn's admit THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover Francis Brett Young has two distinct styles in his novel writing, he writes long—but not too long—novels of Eng- lish country life, such as “Love is Enough” (not as sentimental as the title sounds) and his recent novel, “The Redlakes”; then in entirely different mood he writes South African stories of white men’s adventures and native magic, such as ‘“Woodsmoke,” “Pil- grim's Rest” and “The Crescent Moon.” Fach type Dr. Brett Young does excel- lently. In his English type he is decid- edly Victorian, with obvious moderu { modifications. There are delightful old English country houses, of Elizabethan or Queen Anne period, formal and tangled gardens, ivy-covered churches, narrow lanes between flowering hedges, fields and downs across which hounds and huntsmen in scarlet pursue the fox. In “The Redlakes" the setting is chiefly Devon and Cornwall, with a South African interlude during the World ‘War, when Jim Redleke is there on a ranch and in the British Army. The re- stricted locality where most of the story takes place is Thorpe-Folville, where the Grange is the home of Dr. Weston, Jim's grandfather and country doctor for the whole neighborhood, and the Castle is the seat of th: Essendines. The scene shifts occasionally to London, where Jim studies at St. Luke's medical school, and late in the story to Corn- wall, where Jim inherits an estate at Trewern from an old cousin, Walter Delahay. i i The characters in “The Redlakes” are not as numerous as the characters in 1 & Dickens or Thackeray novel but out- number those in most of George Eliot's | v novels. Many of them in their person- alities suggest George Eliot's creations, though of course twentieth century life and motives_contribute to the charac- terization. Dr. Weston is & truly Vic- torlan country doctor, kindly, knowing the personal and family history of every one of his patients, skilled in the prac- | tice of old-fashioned medicine, follow- ing the hounds almost to the last week of his life. In contrast to him is Dr. Fosdyke, thoroughly modern surgeon, operating in a London hospital. Fran- cis Brett Young's literary interest in doc- tors and medicine is the result of his own medical training and practice. He never evades the details of disease and {liness, as do many novelists, because he knows all about them and finds them interesting. So we follow the course of Jim's pneumonia and Dr. Weston's Bright's dicease. Mrs. Weston is a real Victorian villainess, with her head flattened like that of a snake; she is almost a maniac in her love for one daughter and her hatred for another daughter and that daughter’s son. Mas garet Weston is the typical, old-fa: foned husband hunter with her mother’s efficient help; her first flance breaks his neck on the hunting field, but her sec- ond, a middle-aged, unscrupulous law- yer, docs not escape her. George Red- lake, Jim's father, is entirely modern, egotist, brutal in his selfishness, amor- ous when there is anything to gain by being so, vain, at first an embittered failure, then a popular success. Marcus Hinton, millionaire banker and art connoisseur, his son Jullan, and Lady Cynthia Essendire, the pursuing female of the species, are all very modern. sixinw One of the Victorian things about “The Redlakes” is the way coincidences oacur whenever they are needed to help along the plot. One’s credulity is often strained by these opportune happen- ings. The most striking example of this is the tour de force by which Jim becomes the heir of Walter Delahay. Distraught by grief over the death of his grandfather and indignant over the trick by which his grandmother has caused him to be disinherited, with a little of the old bitterness lingering from his love affair with Lady Cynthia, Jim goes on a walking tour in Corn- wall. He finds himself in the neigh- borhood of the old home of his grand- ther's people and decides to inquire reabouts of the estate of the ys. He has no success, becomes lost, and chilled and weary, stumbles oy accident into the garden of the very place he is hunting for. What is even more of a coincidence, the owner, Wal- ter Delahay, who has lived for years in South Africa, happens to be at Trewern for a short stay and takes Jim in, nurses him through the pneumonia which follows his fatigue and exposure, and later makes him his heir. But why find fault about the way in which novelists bring about pleasant results, in these days when most of their re- sults are so unpleasant? The impor- tant thing is that Jim is able to become & prosperous country gentleman, in a beautiful Cornish locality, and to marry a gentle, charming English girl who, we are sure, will make him happy. It is also agreeable to know that the snake-headed grandmother is furious over his good fortune. * * % % Julian Huxley, who recently spent four months in East Africa as a repre- sentative of the Colonial Office Ad- visory Committee on Native Education, looks upon Africa as perhaps the chief field for future development of the British Empire. In his book “Africa View” he gives & mass of facts and many suggestions for the organization and government of the black races by white rulers. He declares his faith as an imperialist when he says: “If a contact with a bit of the British Co- lonial Empire has not yet made me a full-blooded devotee of Kiplingismus, it has certainly shown me the way to a spirit of liberal imperialism.” He also says that, though “Great Britain may sink to second-rateness as an industrial power * * ¢ {f ghe can but retain one of her present attributes—the faculty of turning out men with a gift for the tadministration of primitive peoples—" she may still keep her place of su- periority in the modern world. * ok ok Kk ‘The quality of the Christianity of the Emperor Constantine is discussed by G. P. Baker in his book “Constantine the Great and the Christian Revolu- tion.” Mr. Baker believes that Con- stantine was a sincere Christian but not a mystical, self-abnegating one. Chris- tianity was with him a political asset. The church was becoming a powerful force in Eurcpe and Constantine pre- ferred to have it with him rather than against him. Though the Defender of the Faith, h= was not baptized until he approached dea‘'h. At the Council of Nicaea he was greatly concerned that the church should not be divided and weakened, but apparently rather indifferent as to whether the heretical doctrine of Arfanism should prevail What all this means is probably that Constantine was a pra politician and more or less of an opportunist, not an ethical and religious leader. * ok kX ‘The diaries and letters of Frau Cosima Wagner, second wife of Richard Wag- ner, form the chief material for the biography “Cosima Wagner,” by Count Du Moulin-Eckart, translated from the German by Catherine” Allison Phillips. ‘The biography ends with Wagner's death in 1883, though Cosima lived 47 years after that. Very interesting are the attitudes which are revealed of Wagner and Cosima toward the wrecked life of her husband, Hans von Buelow, whom she deserted for Wagner. Wag- ner considered his union with Cos as destined and with consummate egotism thought only of himself; Cosima seems to have realized with pity what her deserted husband was “enduring, but without regret for her action, * ok K K “Lotos Petals,” by Princess Der Ling, contains descriptions of Chinese life and manners and stories based on Chinese folk-lore. The author, formerly first ledy-in-waiting to the Empress Dowager, compares life at the Chinese court dur- ing the empire with life in New York City and in California which she knows . She says: “I would not trade ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. ‘The rescurces of our free Information Bureau are at your service. You are invited to call upon it as often as you please. It is being maintained solely to serve you. What question can we answer for you? There is no charge at all, except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. Address your let- ter to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. Are the regular telephone wires lused for radio broadcasting?—W. M. C. A. They differ in no way except they are reserved for radio use only. Q. When was Richard E. Byrd made rear admiral>—C. B. K. 3 A. His status on the expedition to the South Pole was commander and in December, 1929, he was promoted by Congress to the rank of rear admiral. Q. When was the expression “E A. The phrase is found in the Latin poem, “Moretum,” ascribed to Vergil, line 103. with the carillon of Big. Ben?—M. T. L. A. The following are the words as- sociated with Big Ben: “In all the press of multltudinous days, Nor fails the Serene above the city, day and night. The chimes ring out with every quar- ter’s flight; O Lord our , thou our guide, That by thy help, No foot may slide.” Q. What was the occasion upon which an invitation to the White House sent Senator Tillman was recalled?— A S. says: “When Senator Tillman of South Carolina_engaged in a fist-fight on the Senate floor, Roosevelt took d approving notice; to Tillman, he con- veyed, through & Democratic Senator, an opportunity to withdraw his pre- vious acceptance of an invitation to a White House dinner for Prince Henry of Prussia. Tillman would nn‘i. with- draw his acceptance, so Roosevelt With- drew the invitation.” Q Was Guthrie ever the capital of tho State of Oklahoma?—M. M. A. Guthrie, the capital of the Terri- tory of Oklahoma, was made the cap- ital of the new State of Oklahoma by the enabling act of 1906, but in 1910 1t was voted to remove the capital to Oklahoma City, where it has since remained. Q. Who was the last soldier the Revolutionary War?—W. H. A. Hawthorne's History of the United States says that the last man killed in the Revolutionary War was a Maryland officer named Wilmot, in a skirmish at James Island about the end of 1782. Q. What are the names of the royal houses of Sweden and Norway?—F. T. A. The royal house of Sweden is named Bernadotte. The royal house of Norway is Schleswig-Holstein-Sonder- burg-Glucksburg. Q. What was the early name for Calcutta, India?—L. G. A. The first trading station, set up by Job Charnock in 1690, was known as Kalikuta. Q. When A. This killed in % A did E. P. Roe live?—A. American clergyman and THE AMERICAN BY RANDO! NOTE—This is one of a series of articles dealing with the i and ezpansion of the Constitution and designed to aid participants in securing @ background for their work in the National Oratorical Contest. MADISON’S JOURNAL. Nothing better illustrates the high plane on which the convention was conducted than Madison’s unofficial J:ournal of its proceedings. It was agreed at the outset that the debates were to be secret. Every member was so scrupulously faithful to that agree- ment that when, in 1836, Madison's widow felt that his Journal should be published in the public interest, its contents were known to no one outside his executors. President Jackson, in his message to Congress urging the procuring of the Madison papers, said: “I am persuaded that the work of Mr. Madison, consider- ing the author, the subject matter of it and the circumstances under which it was prepared—long withheld from the public, as it has been, by those motives of personal kindness and delicacy that ave tone to his intercourse with his ellow men, until he and all who had been participators with him in the scenes he describes have passed away — well deserves to become the &mpeny of the Nation, and cannot fail, if published and disseminated at the public charge, to confer the most important of all benefits on the present and succeeding generations, accurate knowledge of the principles of their Government and the circumstances under which they were recommended and embodisd in the Constitution, for adoptio: ‘Thus, 50 years after the convention, the details of the debates became public. No man was more aware than Madi- son of the obstacles in the way of the success of the gathering. Nevertheless, e was supremely confident that he was participating in one of the epochal events of history. His reasons for keep- given as fol- lows: “The curiosity I had felt during my researches into the hisf of the most distinguished confederacies, par- ly those of antiquity, and the de- ficlency I found in the means of sati fying it, more especially in what relat: to the process, the principles, the rea- sons and the anticipations which pre- vailed in the formation of them, deter- mined me to prgserve, as far as I could, an exact account of what might pass in the convention while executing its trust; with the magnitude of which I was duly impressed, as I was by the gratification promised to future curl- osity by an authentic exhibition of the objects, the opinions, and the reason- ings, from which the system of Gov- ernment was to receive its peculiar structure and tion. Nor was I unaware of the value of such a con- tribution to the fund of materfals for the history of a Constitution on which would be staked the happiness of a people great even in its infancy, and possibly the cause of liberty through- out the world.” He even tells how he went about his work: “In pursuance of the task I had assumed, I chose a seat in front of the iding member, with the other mem- m on my right and left hands. this favorable position for hearing all that passed, I noted, in terms legibile and in abbreviations and marks in- telligible to myself, what was read from the chair or spoken by the members; and losing .not a moment between the adjournment and reassem- of the convention, I wal enabled session, after its close, in the extent an eserved in my own hand on my files. EA the labor and correctness of this I was not a little aided by practice and by a familiarity with the style and the train of observation and reasonin which charac the prinel) speakers. It happened, my bungalow for the Forbidden City itself with the Summer palace as cum- shaw—though the smallest building in either is larger than my California home; but in the latter I live and sm o e | e s A S not absent a single day, nes & casual fraction of an houriin any day, have lost a single Pluribus Unum” first used’—W. A. R.| Q. Are there any words fssociated | breath of prayer, the sound of praise, | ‘A. Mark Sullivan in “Our Times”| novelist was born in 1838 and died in 1888. His novels 'ssed but moderate literary merit, but were wholesome and usually of absorbing interest. Q. What do the whistle signals on & train mean?—T. S. A. The code of signals, uniform on all railroads, is: Two blasts (train standing), proceed: two blasts (train running), stop; three blasts (train standing), back up: three blasts (train running). stop next station: four blasts (train standing), test brakes; four blasts (train running), decrease speed:. five blasts (train running). increase speed: six blasts (train running), turn off steam; seven blasts (train running), send more steam: eight blasts (train running), brakes sticking. Q. What did the name Accomack mean? It was the Indian name for the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Vir- | ginia—V. T. | A, It meant “Other-side land.” This | peninsula is separated from the rest of these States by Chesapeake Bay. Q. How much gasoline is used in Canada?—F. F. B. A. In 1929, gasoline consumption in | Canada amounted to 601,225,227 gallons, Q. How thick must ice be to su_nort a man?—F. W. B. A. It is a generalization to say that 1%-inch ice will suppast a man; 10- | inch ice will support & crowd. Q. How many Negroes are there in the United States Navy?—O. N. A. On July 1, 1930, there were 462 | Negroes in our Navy. Q. Please give a biography of Chavez, the aviator who attempted to fly across the Alps—D. C. 8. A. Georges Chavez was born in Paris in 1887, of Peruvian parentage. He first attracted attention when he raised the British altitude record to 5,750 feet while flying at Blackpool, England, August 3, 1910. On the 23d of Septem- ber, 1910, he set out to fly across the Alps in a Bleriot monoplane. Prizes had been offered by the Milan Aviation Committee for a flight from Brigue, Switzerland, over the Simplon Pass to Milan, a distance of 94 miles with a minimum height of 6,600 feet above sea level. Chavez started at 1:30 p.m. on the 23d, and 41 minutes later reached Domo d’Ossola, 25 miles distant. He descended, numbed with cold, smashed his machine on landing. break- ing both his legs and sustaining other injuries. He died in a hospital on the 27th of September. It was said at the time that the wings of his machine col- lapsed when it was about 30 feet from the ground. Q. Is the popularity of kindergartens increasing?—C. N. A. Kindergarten enrollment has in- creased more than 50 per cent during the past 10 years. Q. How many packs of playing cards are made in a year?—N. D. J. A. A revenue stamp is n upon every pack offered for sale. ‘The total number of packs upon which tax was paid in 1930 was 47,895217. In 1929 the number was 51,878,382, Q. Is the new’ governor general of Australia a Jew?—J. A. A. Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs is a Jew K.|and is the first native-born governor genersl of Australia. CONSTITUTION “1787 and Today” LPH LEIGH, Director National and International Oratorical Contests. in only two instances in the five months Madison with a copy or even a fairly complete outline of their remarks. The convention, therefore, proceeded on an extemporaneous debate basis, in which even the basic arguments were worked out_while speakers were on their feet. The exceptions to neral plan of procedure are illuminating. the gigantic scheme known as the Virginia plan, was able to furnish Madison with only a sketch, and not an exact text, of his remarks. Yet his address continued for several hours and contained not only an historical background proving the need of a new Government, but cu{iemu.v outlined the suggested organie zation. Hamilton, on June 18, gave his long, masterly address, all of which was de- livered without notes, except during the last eight minutes, in which he read his urpr::pkol?mm;nk.\u through J: n, ames Wilson, always wrote out his remarks and carefully supplied Madison with a copy. Thus the only genuine journalist in the convention saw to it that his statements were properly recorded! Madison, in discussing the caliber of the delegates, suggests that the best test of their intellectual powers is not to be found in the mere chanting of their names and the posts they later occupied, but rather in a calm pes of the astounding reasoning power, vigor and vision which they showed in their actual remarks. There is no bet= ter standard for evaluating them. Judged by such a standard, they loom large, indeed. ‘The Journal itself contains the cam: plete story of the Constitutional Co; vention, as far as the votes and ad- dresses of the members are concerned. Being strictly impartial and reportorial in its tone, it quite properly refers to none of the informal maneuvers, con- ferences and compromises which stand in the background of the convention and heighten its human interest. ‘The technique of the Journal bears a striking similarity to that of the Lon- don Times, which was founded barely three months after the closing of the Constitutional Convention. The Times was founded on January 1, 1788, and was primarily concerned with publish- ing parliamentary debates, w was then forbidden by law. Madison's Jour- nal was to record, but not to make pube= lic, important utterances. But the form of reporting in these two instances is almost identical. That form was a blending of summarizations and literal questions, hout quotation marks. The speaker's views almost always are presented in the third person. For in- stance, the following is the beginning of the Madison report of a speech by Ellsworth: “Mr. Ellsworth assured the House that Connecticut was entirely Federal in her disposition. The muster rolls would show that she had had more troops in the fleld than Virginia,” ete. At the beginning of his Journal Madison calls attention to one very ominous fact discovered in scrutinizing the credentials of the deputies from the various States. Delaware expressly pro- hibited its deputies from changing that part cf the Articles of Confederation “‘establishing an equality of votes among the States.” There was to be found the key to the chief stumbling block of the convention—the divergent In | interests of the small and large States, Around the Delaware credentials, and the sentiment back of them, was to des velop one of the most far-reaching con- troversies in American history. (Copyright, 1931.) The Irreplaceable Loss. From the Worcester Telesram. * Two_collegians, students at Amherse and Dartmouth, had their fur coats stolen from the cloakroom at a Moun{ Holyoke dance recently. It must by terrible when a college boy finds him. ° self automatically suspended from cols lege activity by such an event. i Comen sy Reciprocity Lacking. From the Rockford ~Register-Republic. We are a little disappointed that the Belgians and Armenians have not at least adopted resolutions of 1