Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1931, Page 3

U.S. POLICY UPHELD IN LATIN' AMERICA Stimson Explains Change in Wilson Stand—Defends Monroe Doctrine. (Continued From First Page) was an assertion of their individual rights as independent nations. It de- clared to the world that this independ- ence was so vital to our own safety that we would be willing to fight for it against an aggressive Europe. ‘The Monroe Doctrine was a declaration of the United States versus Europe—not of the United States versus Latin America. People are sometimes prone to forget our long and honorable fulfiliment of this policy toward our younger sister nations. It was our action which ob- tained the withdrawal of French im- rialism from Mexico. It was our fluence which provided for the return from Great Britain of the Bay Islands to Honduras and the Mosquito Coast, | including Creytown, to Nicaragua. | It was our pressure which secured the | arbitration cf ("> beundarv dispute be- tween Great Britain and Venezuela and which later secured by arbitration the { solution of serious disputes between | Venezuela, Germany and Italy. Be- tween the republics themselves our influence has constantly been exerted for a friendly solution of controversies Which might otherwise mar their inde- pendent and peaceful intercourse. To speak only of recent matters, I may refer to the long- dispute between Chile and Peru and the | open clash between Bolivia and Para- guay. During the past seven vears our good offices have resulted in the settle- ment of 8 boundary disputes between 11 countries of this hemisphere. Vital to National Safety. Furthermore, the difficulties which have beset the foreign policy* of the United States in carrying out these rrlntlp]u cannot be understood without he comprehension of a geographical fact. Even before human hands had pierced the isthmus with a seagoing canal that route was vital to our na- tional interest. Since the Panama Canal has become an accomplished fact, 1t has been not only the vital artery of our coastwise commerce but, as well, the link in our national defense which pro- tects the defensive power of our fleet. One cannot fairly appraise American policy toward Latin America or fully| appreciate the standard which it has| maintained without taking into con- sideration all of the elements of whica it is the resultant. Like the rocks which mark the sur- face of a steady river current, all of the facts and circumstances which I have | outlined have produced ripples in the | current of our steady policy toward the | Latin American republics. Some of | them have resulted in temporary intru- | sions into the domestic affairs of some of those countries, which our hostile | critics, have not hesitated to characterize as the manifestation of a selfish Amer- ican imperialism. I am clear that a calm historical perspective will refute | that criticism and will demonstrate that the international practice of this Gov- ernment in the Western Hemisphere has been asserted with a much readier recognition of the legal rights of all the countries with which we have been in contact than has been the prevalent practice in any other part of the world. Policy o} Recognition. ‘The practice of this country as to the recognition of new governments has been substantially uniform from the days of the administration of Secretary of State Jefferson in 1792 to_the "days of Secretary of State Bryan in 1913. Thers, were certain slight departures from this pélicy during the Civil War, but they were manifestly due to the exigencies of was e and werefabandoned immediately afterward: This general policy, as thus pbserved, ‘was to base the act of recognition not upon the question of the constitutional legitimacy of the new government. but upon its de facto capacity to fulfiil its obligations as a member of the family of nations. This country recognized the right of other nations to regulate their own internal affairs of govern- ment and disclaimed any attempt to| base its recognition upon the correctness of their constitutional action. ' With the advent of President Wilson's sdministration this policy of over a century was radically departed from in | Tespect to the Republic of Mexico. Refused to Recognize Huerta, Mr. Wilson's government sought to t this new policy into effect in respect o the recognition of the then govern- ment of Mexico held by President Vic- toriarp Huerta. Although Huerta’s gov- ernment was in de facto possession, Mr. Wilson refused to recognize it and he sought, through the influence and pres- sure of his great office to force it from _power. Armed conflict followed with the forces of Mexico and disturbed rela- tions between us and that republic l.agswd until a comparatively few years 0. The present administration has re- tused to follow the policy of Mr. Wilson and has followed consistently the former practice of this Government since the days of Jefferson. As soon as it was reported to us, through our diplomatic Tepresentatives, that the new govern- ments in Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Brazil and Panama were in control of the administrative machinery of the state, with the apparent general acqui- escence of their people, and that they were willing and apparently able o dis- charge their international and conven- tional obligations, they were recognized by our Government. And in view of the | economic depression, with the conse- quent need for prompt measures of financial stabilization, we did this with as little delay as possible in order to give those sorely-pressed countries th quickest possible opportunities for recov. ering their economic poise. Different Situation Exists. Such has been our policy in all cases where international practice was not affected or controlled by existing treaty. In the five republics of Central America—Guatemala, Hondurd, Salva- dor, Nicaragua and Costa Rica—how- ever, we e found an entirely different i s AL NOTICES. AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DI made by h WORTH £/ DIGGS, 524 T st. mowr o4 1AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ) one o A"RICHARDS. 1916 13th st nw - ADS_TO AND_FF WANTED—LO! PHILA- DELPHIA, NEW YORK, BOSTON and ail PoRte, South “and west. AGENT AlLifn YAN LINES' We aiso ‘pack and ship by SMITH'S TRANSFER & STORAGE CO. _N.W._ Phone North ALLIED VAN LINE SERVICE. Nation-Wide Long-Distance Moving, WANTED "RETURN LOADS anywhere. 1313 Y e North 3 From CHICAGO m ROIT L. : FEB. 121 Regular weekly (ips for part 1oads to an Waghington, Baltimore, Philadelohia “"GNITED BTATES STORAGE C e CO.. INC., 418 ot 8t NW > o Metropoliah 1848 ALLIED VAN LINES SERVICE. ¢ WANTED—RETURN LOADS Weekly service Philadelphia and New York GUARANTY 'ORAGE COMP, . 401 8. Capitol St. "_Atlantic FLOORS ScRAPED 4 achi 4 NASH FLOOR GO 1018 30ih st West JOT%. Printing Craftsmen ... are at your service for result-getting publicity ‘The National Capital Press 12101212 D St N.W. __Phone National 0850 ROOF WORK =of any nature promptly and capably looked by practical roofers, Call Koo & Roofi; 9 S Batns, Uphna tanding Tacna-Arica |~ | arms. HE EVENING STAR, WASmIL Gy Vassar alumnae arranging a college scholarship benefit at the Belasco February 16. Front row, left to right: Mrs. | R. C. Bishop, Mrs. Emmet C. Gudger, Mrs. | Mrs. Cazenove Lee and Mrs. F. Coleman Fishback. Lee D. Butler and Mrs. E. L Lewis. Back row: Miss Anna Southard Larner, —Star Staff Photo. |CARD SHARKS ON OCEAN LINERS situation existing from that normally presented under international law and practice. As I have already pcinted out, those countries geographically have | for a century been the focus of the | greatest difficuties and the most fre- quent disturbances in their earnest course toward competent maturity in the discharge of their international obligations. ~ Until some two decades ago war within and without was their almost yearly portion: No administra- tion of their government was long safe from revolutionary attack instigated either by factions of its own citizens or by the machinations of another one of the five republics. Free elections, the corner stone upon which our own democracy rests, had been practically unknown during the entire period. In 1907 a period of strife, involving four of the five republics, had lasted almost without interrupticn for several years. In that year, on the joint suggestion and mediation of the governments of the United States and Mexico, the five republics met for the purpose of con- sidering methods intended to mitigate and, if possible, terminate the intoler- able situation. Sixteen years later, in 1923, the same five republics, evidently satisfied with the principle they had thus adopted |en and desiring to reinforce it and pre- | vent any future evasions of that princi- ple, met again, re-enacted the same | Covenant and further promised each | other that even after a revolutionary | government had been constitutionally | reorganized by the representatives of the | people they would not recognize it if its president should have been a leader in the preceding revolution or related to such a leader by blood or marriage, or if he should have been a cabinet officer or held some high military com- mand during the accomplishment of the revolution. Some four months | thereafter, our own Government, on the | invitation of these republics, who had | conducted their meeting in Washing—} | ton, announced, _through Secretary Hughes, that the United States would in its future dealings with those repub- lics follow out the same principle which | they had thus established in their treaty. Since that time we have con- sistently adhered to this policy in respect to those five. republics. Fail to Obtain Recognition. Since the adoption by Secretary | Hughes, in 1923, of the policy of recog- | nition agreed upon by the five republics | in their convention, not one single revo- | lutionary government has been able to maintain itself in those five republics. I will now pass to the subject of the | the policy of this Government in respect | to the export of arms and munitions to countries which are engaged in civil| strife. Twice during the present admin- istration we have had to make impor- tant decisions and take important action in respect to this subject. The first of | these occasons was in March, 1929, when a military insurrection broke out in_the Republic af Mexico. ‘The second occasion was in October, 1930, when armed insurrection had broken out against the government of Brazil. In the same way in which we had acted toward Mexico we permitted that government to purchase arms both from our Government and from our nationals in this country, and when the Ambassador of Brazil brought to our attention the fact that arms were being purchased in this country for export to | the rebel forces fighting against the | recognized government we placed an | embargo against the exportation of such | Two days later the government of Brazil suddenly fell, the immediate cause being the revolt of its own garri- son in Rio de Janeiro, Confuse Legal Situation. Our action in regard to Brazil has been criticized by gentlemen who have confused the legal situation which ex- | isted in Brazil with an entirely different situation. We have been criticized for “taking sides in that civil strife,” as if we had been under the duty to maintain neutrality between the Brazilian gov- ernment and the rebels who were seeking to_overthrow it. Under the law of nations the duty of neutrality does not arise until the insurgents have assumed the status of | a belligerent power, between whom and the mother country other governments must maintain impartiality. | ———e | Pleasant Saturday afternoon excur- sions to graveyards and cemeteries pro- vide the social e of London's “Sick and Sorry Clubs. WASHINGTON’S NE VANISH WHEN TRICKS ARE BARED How Words Identify Hands and Pins Aid Crooked Deal Among Exposures in Lectures to Protect Voyggers. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, February 7.—Assume | you are the pers-n called North and you | are seated at a bridge table in ‘the | | smoking room of a transatlantic liner. | You had better—and this is the advice | of Sidney S. Lenz, bridge expert—kzep | | a weather eye to the East, South and | West. Particularly watch their bidding. For { if East, that charming and somewhat wistful gentleman whom you met yes- | terday on the prcmenade deck, says “one spade,” he may mean something | ocean-going slickers. They mark card tirely different frem “I bid one spade.” At least it will mean something differ- ent to the sweet little girl who so gra- clously consented to take the fourth hand. To her, confederate of East’s in many a high seas bridge encounter, the shift in words may identify every im- portant card in East’s hand. For the card sharpers, who have seizad upon the game of contract bridge as their especial gravy, work out reveal- ing codes, which net them plenty of profits, says Mr. Lenz. “By a code of nine words I can iden- tify every one of the 52 cards” the bridge expert declares, “The sharpers can do as well—and they have.” The codes are constantly shifted to avoid recognition. Two other methods are used by the and they use the old cold deck game. Cards are marked either with a sharp finger nail or with a pin-point set in the player's vest. The idea is to raise slight bump on the back of the ace, king and queen of each suit. The dealer eels these bumps as he deals, and ‘second_cards” his unsuspecting oppo- nents. To “second-card” is to deal the card next to the top instead of the one on top—and the nimble-fingered gentry are so facile at it that even wise on- lookers can‘t detect them. This system of controlled distribution means that perhaps as many as 10 of | the high cards in the deck are concen- trated in the hands of the two confed- erates. “Second-carding” is much sim- pler in bridge than in poker, as the dealer has to do it only once to put a desired card where it will help—either in his hand or his partners, | Cold decks ordinarily are not resorted to, says Mr. Lenz, until a game is ad- journed to a sharp's state room. A handkerchief is passed across the brow, or a nose is blown, and a new deck en- ters the game, although the victims don’t know it. | The prize cold hand goes like this: Spades—Ace, king. | Hearts—Ace, king, queen, jack. MUSKOGEE, Okla.—The Eng- lishmen come over again showed us what speed really is. It wouldn't be so bad if they would break the records in their own country, but to come here and do it right under our very nose, and we are supposed to be so fast at everything. That is just like us going to Oxford and speaking better, English than they do. Some American tried to assassinate Mussolini. We are in bad enough home without some nut trying to get us in worse abroad. They are not going to get that Mussolini, he's too foxy to even get assassinated. WEST FINE HOME DEVELOPMENT The Forest Section of Chevy Chase The quarter of a ¢ of this organization.combining with today's low building costs producea values that will command your attenti A finished home is ofen l]m'ly and Sumlu_y for your inspection. —TO INSPECT— Drive out Connecticut Avenu, TEEY: ssovisciaris: (lony Chase Club) to Maple Avenue, then follow our direction signs entury in experience on, e to Bradley Lane, then turn the grounds of the Chevy Diamonds—King, jack, 9. Clubs—Ace, king, queen, jack. It is dealt to the man whose money | is about to be taken. One of the con- federates holds four little diamonds and no spades, the other the high diamonds | and a string of spades. The confed- erates take the bid with five diamonds doubled and redoubled. They seize con trol by trumping at the outset, and the one with the four small diamonds leads trumps through the possessor of the seemingly impregnable hand. It all sounds complicated. But work it out with a deck; you'll find the result to be a grand slam in diamonds. Mr. Lenz is in charge of a brigade of 200 bridge experts on the French Line who lecture and hold duplicate hand tournaments. He says he and his colleagues apparently have scared away the sharpers. CHEMISTRY ASSISTANT SUCCUMBS IN BALTIMORE Paul Highberger Was Conducting Research at University of Maryland. Special Dispatch to The Star. COLLEGE PARK, Md., February 7.— Word has been received at the Univer- sity of Maryland of the death in a Baltimore hospital of Paul Highberger, graduate assistant in chemistry at the Old Line institution. He also was & candidate for a doctor's degree, coi ducting research in physical chemist: He came to Maryland after graduating from Franklin and Marshall College. His parnts, Mr. and Mrs. E. K. High- berger, live in Greensburg, Pa. SLTUEE Relief Card Party Postponed. BURKE, Va., February 7 (Special).— Trke Card party which was to have been given tonight for the benefit of the Red Cross Relief Fund has had to be called off owing to the fllness of the chairman, Mrs. J. B. Davis, the hostess, Mrs. A. F. Moon, and several other members of the committee. D e e L VUV VS VIV VIVVVVVVVIVVVVVVVVVVIVVIN City Cab Reduces Rates! A taxi D. . |bert Conrad of Keyser was indicted at SALTUWDAY, Cs, SEOREOF MANIACS FLEE DURNG FIRE Several of Those at Large in| Nashville Described as Dangerous. By the Associated Press. NASHVILLE, Tenn, February 7.— | City officers combined with guards of | the Central State Hospital for the In- sane today in a quest of a score of in- mates who escaped during a fire in the male quarters last night. Several of those at large were called dangerous by Supt. Willlam Farmer. All of the hospital's occupants, about 600 persons, were freed from their quarters when the fire was discovered. A check showed 24 to be missing, but several then were seized in the vicinity of the building. Among_those who escaped were Ar- | noldo S. Riggio of New York, who ha been placed in the hospital after trial for robbery of u pharmacy. Two others, | regarded by Dr. Farmer as dangerous, were Luther Anderton, an epileptic from Shelbyville, Tenn., and Norman | Winchester, former inmate of the State | Penitentiary hege, who was sent to the | hospital on four criminal charges. | Officials said the fire, starting in a clothing room, caused’ damage esti- mated at $2,500. Guards kept the in- mates bunched together as closely as | possible while fighting the flames until ald arrived from the Nashville Fire | Department, | [FORT MYER HEIGHTS MAN | [FINED ON DRIVING CHARGE | | | Appeals Verdict in Accident at Falls Church on New Year Day. Special Dispatch to The Star. . FALLS CHURCH, Va. February 7.— Wwilliam W. Pickett of Fort Myer | Heights, Va,, was last night fined $50 and costs on a charge of reckless driv- ing in the mayor's court at Falls Church. Pickett, through his lawyer, H. B. Green of Arlington County, has | 2ppealed the verdict, and with his | father as surety, has given $100 bond for his appearance at the February term of the Arlington County Circuit Court. The charge is the outgrowth of the accident on New Yeeg morning when eight persons were injured in a three- car collision on the Lee Highway in Arlington County less than a mile from | the corporation line of the town. The warrant for Pickett's arrest was sworn out by Jerome K. Oscar of East Falls Church, who, with his wife, was injured when his ‘car was sideswiped by Pickett's car. | _ Town Sergt. Walter Mitchell who car- ried Pickett to Georgetown Hospital in | his car testified last night in the mayor's court that Pickett told him Jan- uary 1 that he was the driver of the car that caused the accident and that | | he was responsible. hell’s testi- mony was not disputed. Pickett did not {take the stand and his lawyer made no defensive statement. Oscar was | represented by Attorneys L. T. Mahoney and L. F. Loux of Washington. INDICTED ON MURDER CHARGE AFTER BRAWL Keyser Man Accused of Killing Employment Agent at Avella, Pa. ' Bpecial Dispatch to The Star, KEYSER, W. Va., February 7.—Her- Washington, Pa., yesterday on a charge | |of ‘murder, in the slaying of George Peteras of Pittsburgh, November 19, Peteras, an agent for an employment concern, was shot during an alleged |dents, including two women, were among the nine persons arrested in con- |nection with the slaying. Conrad nnd\ | companions were taken into custody at | |a house in Radical Hill here, but all other suspects except Conrad were later | released. rate that sounds impossible but nevertheless true. And remember that when you patronize City and Stop-Me cabs you in- sure the continuation of these new lowered rates. We appreciate the patronage of Washington people a n because of the volume we show our aj prec this startling new rate. resulting ion by announcing TAXI Rates Reduced!! bdusavw asicdl | which, however, was badly seared. drunken: brawl in a house at Avella, a ||| small mining town near Washington. | Conrad and three other Keyser resi- ||| .- 1931, GLEN POOLE DEAD Poolesville Native Expires at Home in Otego, N. Y. Glen Poole died at his home in Otego, N: Y. Wednesday after an ill- | ness of a week’s duration. He was born in Poolesville, Montgomery County, Md., August 10, 1856, and married Miss Jennie Birdsall. As a young man he studied music at the Marine Barracks in Washington and assisted his father in the undertaking business. After going to Otego he engaged in the merchantile business for several years, later retiring from business. He spent nine years with the Y. M. C. A. in Brooklyn and for four years was connected. with the Red Cross work in ‘Washington. CHARGED WITH ARSON| IN FIRE IN STABLE | Former Baltimorean Accused, After | Grilling, of Setting Blaze at Hagerstown. Special Dispatch to The Star. HAGERSTOWN, Md., February 7— Following a 6-hour grilling, John Mc- Donald, 52 years old, formerly of Balti- more, today was charg>d with arson in connection with a fire which destroyed a stable in the heart of the business district here two weeks ag8. Two ponies, belonging to W. A. Bodensick, a former employer of McDonald's, were destroyed in_the blaze, McDonald was grilled by State's At- torney J. Lloyd Harshamn and Joseph . Daughterty, investigator of the fire arshal's office. BABY DIES OF BURNS WHEN CLOTHES IGNITE Mother at Beverly Hill Was Dis- cussing Children’s Life Insur- ance on Front Porch. Special Dispatch to The Star. KINGWOOD, W. Va., February 7.— Mary Lou, 9 months old, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Danks, was burned to death at the home of her parents on Beverly Hill. The child was left in her | carriage in the front room of the home | | while the mother was on the front | porch conversing with a visitor who de- sired to sell her life insurance for the children. A 2-year-old sister who was left in the room with the baby, playing with the carriage, pushed the front end of it into a burning grate, igniting the cloth- ing in which the baby was wrapped. It | is thought the baby died from suffoca- | tion before the flames reached its body, WOMAN HALTS STOLEN CAR HEADING DOWN BANK Special Dispatch to The Star, WINCHESTER, Va. F:bruary 7— Mrs. Alva C. Richards, wife of a prominent Winchester business man, recovered possession of her stolen auto- mobile in a manner much like a motion picture thriller by leaping from another car and bringing h-r own under control just as it was leaving the road, headed down an embankment, with the thieves fleeing through an apple orchard. Mrs, Richards was just leaving the George Washington Hotel for her car when the machine moved off, with two men on the front seat. She telephoned to her husband'’s office, and her brother- in-law, Nelson F. RicHards, came with an automobile. The car bandits were pursued down the Berryville Pike, and on the outskirts of that town the men slowed down and jumped from the machine, running through an apple orchard of former Gov. Harry F. Byrd. Mrs, Richards caught up with the car and sprang into it just as it started down_the hill. The thieves esclgd '~ WANTED REAL ESTATE Funds available to ducing -~ property. up to §2 Submit your property If the price is | Address Box 216-J—Star Office |4n the barnyard. DOG PACK ATTACKS TWO HERDS OF COWS One Is Killed and Several Bitten in Brother's Barnyards at Frederick Junction. Special Dispatch to The Star. FREDERICK, Md., February 6.—At- tacked by a pack of dogs, 18 pure-bred cows, on the farm of Charles C. Wiles, Frederick Junetion, were badly bitten, and one cow on the adjoining farm of & son, Charles Wiles, was killed early yesterday. The dogs, about eight in number, first attacked the herd of the elder Wiles in the stable yard. At- | tracted by the noise, the owner fired into the pack of dogs, killing seve: | A short time later the dogs appeared | on the son’s farm, stampeding the stock 1 One frightened cow | fell down an incline, breaking itg neck. Others were bitten. Claims for dam- ages caused by the dogs were filed yes- terday with the county commissioners. In efforts to place railways of China back to normalcy the ministry of rail- ways recently recovered nine locomo- 1 tives and 343 freight cars from a total of 74 locomotives and 1,443 cars de-| tained by various military leaders. | Pianos and Art Objects Are cared for in special rooms of regulated tempera- ture and light. $2.00 for uprights, $2.50 for grands. | 4% BLOCKE NGRTH OF THE WHITE ‘C.A_ASBINWALL, PRESIDE DECATUR —————— SEE THEM TONIGHT You Gan Buy One of These Homes for the Rent You Are Now Paying. Why Not Come Out? " $500 CASH MONTHLY PAYMENTS 20th & Quincy Sts. N.E. Drive Out R. I. Ave. to 20th or Take New Bus to 20th and Monroe Lots 40x107 to Alley Detached Homes, Open Fireplaces, Porcelain Kitchens, General Electric Refrigerators. . . Plenty Room for Flowers and Vegetables. Come Out! 131 EASY TERMS INCORPORATED H° STRFFT NORTHWEST NSTEIN @ ESSEX 1929 COACH Essex Hi oerfect FEBRUARY THE MONTH OF REDUCTIONS ~— Was 8375 # Qfld Now with cowl ichts, ires and upholstery ® condition. chanically o. k. Me- snap for » quick buyer! TWO MORE SPECIALS 1921schevroln Late 1929 Ford 4-Door in blue_duco with new tires. d ‘sound ax 3" doliar. et run- Bing eondition. vy aied Treo amed Wi et w2 $315 $165 i OURESMANS 2625 Hs.N E. Phone Linc. 10200—Open Sundays and Every Night "til 10 P. M. —— e Ny e If You Have an Anthracite Stoker you naturally want it to func- tion at highest efficiency. In the King yards, every pre- dnywhere in the City Proper 50c¢ 75 Second ZONE Third ZONE Phone-DECATUR All Zones Remain Unchanged 6100 caution is taken to see that anthracite in Buckwheat and Rice sizes reaches you spark- lingly clean and dry. Special storage bins and special meth- ods of handling these stoker sizes are just a part of the comprehen- sive King service. Call us today. E WILLIAM KING & SON ‘ - ESTABLISHED 1835 COAL MERCHANTS Georgetown 2901 K Street