Evening Star Newspaper, December 2, 1930, Page 8

N < THE EVENING STAR With Sunda; Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.....,December 2, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star N 111 %:fiiflnfil’:l Rate by Carrier Within the City. ST T 85¢ per month per copy y r AF LG lers tion Rate bd-llll—hylble in Advance. ind and Virginia. 10.00; 1 1mo. : 1 mo.. 40c Other States “l"lli Canada, All figy and su day only Member of the Associated Press. Tho, Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled to Tel b 00 3¢ P for republication of all news i 1t or not otherwise cre o Yo &u’".?r’.‘nfl?’;&“"n Fpubiication of ibecial “dubatches herels 3 The President’s Message. President Hoover today reported to the Congress on ‘“the state of the Union.” Of necessity the picture presented by the Chief Executive dealt with eco- nomic depression. But underlying the whole was a note of hope for the fu- ture. There was presented also an en- couraging picture of whole-hearted co- operation on the part of the Federal Government, the governments of the States and the municipalities and the American people. Mr. Hoover has undertaken in his message to give the Congress and the country an estimate, based on reports of the Government departments, of the actual extent of the depression due to the falling off of business and to the drought which so seriously affected great areas of the United States last Summer and Fall. He does not mini- mize the extent of the depression. He shows that the total decrease of activ- ity from 1928 runs from 15 to 20 per cent in most lines of activity. He says, however: “There are many factors which give encouragement for the future. The fact that we are holding from 80 10| preeders, as any close-range observer |things that distinguish an experienced 85 per cent of our normal activities|could tell at a glance, was almost|politician is His ability not to take his and incomes; that our major financial and industrial institutions have come through the storm unimpaired * * * all reflect grounds for confidence. We | alien in spirit to the institutions under | means nothing in Russia. should remember that these occasions|which they are now living a life of [ tors who broadcast their confessions have been met many times before; that our oountry is today stronger and richer i resources, in equipment, in skill, than ever in history.” The President’s recommendations to Congress for legislation at the present ahort session are comparatively few in these increased appro- relief Mr. Hoover urges Congress the most rigid , to back up his demand, calls attention to the fact that the ‘Treasury faces a probable deficit of $180,000,000 at the close of the present fiscal year. He lightens the picture somewhat by predicting a probable surplus of $30,000,000 at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932. In his budget message to Congress the Presi- dent promises to deal with means to meet the deficit which is staring the in the face this year. ‘The President finds reason for con- in the fact that during the of depression wages, generally have been retained at the reached prior to the stock market. He for congratulation, too, in As the Presi- t points out, there are, after all, for the American people be thankful at this time. urging upon the Congress the need of dealing finally with legislation already pending, including Muscle Shoals, the bus bill, relief of conges- tion in the courts and law enforcement in the District of Columbia, the Presi- dent suggests a number of important subjects which Congress may well study through committee investigation. Among these latter subjects is the regulation of interstate elecirical power, rallroad the world, the President points out, although there has been internal strite in many of the foreign nations. In the cause of international peace he pro- poses to send to the Senate the pro- tocols of adherence by the United States to the World Court. He does not say in his message whether he will urge that body to dispose of the protocols at the present session. ———tee It is always difficult to understand a “red” demonstration. It has a way of spending valuable time that might have been spent agreeably and profitably n sightseeing. Study of Anti-Trust Laws. ‘The President’s reference to the need for careful study of the economic work- ings of the anti-trust laws will be re- garded by many as the msst important part of his message. The country's business depression has thrown new light on some of the perplexing para- doxes that accompany legislative pro- hibition against combinations. The while men are| needs of labor and industry in this| And so rejolce us with the news , | conservation of national resources and | Who discharged tear gas bombs on the ginning for the protection of its mem: bers as well as the consumers, were amended. The Nation not long ago wit- nessed one agency of the Federal Gov- ernment encouraging an agreement among members of the oll industry to curb production, prevent waste and band, Mr. Davis has shown himself sympathetic to the industries of the country. He has recognized that the interests of the worker and the emg ployer should go hand in hand for the betterment of both. Borri in South Wales fifty-seven years THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. preserve resources. Yet another Fed-|ago, Mr. Davis came to this country| Real cold weather brings a touch of eral agency, interpreting the Ilaw, warned that such agreements could not with his father and mother seven years later. As a young man he worked as something to life which the extreme of heat does not. Is it not a sense of adventure? be sanctioned. An economist has writ- |an iron puddler in Pennsylvania iron| We of the cities are so wrapped in we are 5o rich,” Within a lifetime con- ditions have changed from a struggle weakened under . | duction. “I do not favor repeal of the Sher- man act,” says the President. Nor does any one else who sees the illogical con- sequences of jumping from the frying pan into the fire. A careful study of the economic laws against price fixing and combination to restrain trade should lead to some sane middle ground that would take into account not only the traditional blessings of free competition and the exercise of independent initia- tive, but the value of agreements as to the payment of adequate wages, the the prevention of waste accompanying destructive competition, with its harm- ful reaction upon producer and con- sumer alike, ‘There is no one formula for the pres- ervation of the blessings of competition any more than there is a formula for | the prevention of cut-throat and waste- ful competition. The question is com- plex. It requires long and careful study from the point of view of the economist and not of the politician. It may well be begun, as the President suggests, with particular reference to those “enter- prises closely related to the use of the national resources of the country.” —e————— Russia at the Capitol. “You just wait! You krow what we did to the Czar!” Thus a young woman, of unmistak- able Russian accent and aspect, as a ‘Washington policeman yesterday, with appropriate emphasis, urged her to be on her way, following the Communist demonstration at the Capitol. Note the “we.” With its use, the demonstrators from “New York” and points elsewhere gave their whole game away. This mob of organized trouble- wholly alien. It is doubtful if there was an American among them. They were as alien in origin as they are freedom they never knew before, yet which they would violently uproot at behest of their masters in Moscow. The men and women who flaunted placards breathing deflance of laws of the United States had about as much right to engage in such a protest as a mob of Americans would have to march on the Kremlin and protest the Soviet dictatorship in Russia. ‘The Metropolitan and Capitol police Capitol Plaza took part in a melee, wholly unimportant in itself, yet im- mensely significant in its broader aspect. Undoubtedly “Red” G. H. Q. in Russia will duly record the fact that its shock troops in this country have now fought their opening engagement at the fountainhead of “American capitalism.” It will not be set forth that a handful of determined, though conspicuously restrained, Washington cops sufficed to quell the historic skir- mish on this sector of the “world revolu- tion” and turn it into just another Police Court case. The chances are rather that December first in Wash- ington will be heralded at and from Moscow amid the glamour with which we capitalistic Americans enshrine the Battle of Lexington. ‘The excesses at the Capitol were instigated as a prot:st against the deportation-of-aliens laws, the finger- printing of aliens and the restriction of immigration, The misguided foreigners, who obtained from their “demonstra- tion” nothing but eyes set streaming by tear gas, could hardly have provided more excellent reasons for maintehance of the wise legal precautions they came to denounce. They personified the very peril against which a tolerant Uncle Sam has seen fit to safeguard himself. Perhaps “peril” is too strong a term. But a government has the right to pro- tect itself even against a nuisance, o After a long and peaceful career as a cabinet official, James J. Davis has to face the possibility of being subjected to the ordeal of the senatorial interro- gation point. As a builder of ques- tionnaires, Senator Nye is even more voluminous and searching than Thomas A, Edison himself. o James J. Davis. James J. Davis is relinquishing the office of Secretary of Labor after hold- ing it continuously for almost ten years. He becomes a Senator from Pennsyl- vania, the Keystone State, whose repre- sentatives have been powerful factors in Congress. Appointed Secretary of Labor by the late President Harding when he entered the White House March 4, 1921, Mr. Davis has been con- tinued in that office by two succeeding Presidents. The very fact that his serv- ices have been demanded over such a long period of years is indicative of the successful manner in which he has con- ducted the work of the Department of Labor. Mr. Davis was the second man | ever to fill the office of Secretary of | Labor. His predecessor was Willlam B. Wilson, another Pennsylvanian, who was ! appointed by the late President Wil- | son after the Department of Labor had been created by act of Congress. Prior to that act the Federal Government's contact with commerce and labor had been combined in & single executive de- partment whose head was a member of the cabinet. During the decade that Mr. Davis has been in office, the Department of Labor has expanded. The Secretary has worked indefatigably in the cause of labor. He has played his part, an im- portant part, in the adjustment of dif- ferences between labor and employers. ll'h has sought legislation in the in- terests of labor. In his final report to the President as Secretary, for the last on, |ten recently that “we are poor because |and steel mills. The story of his suc- cess is the story of the success of thou- sands of other Americans who have in the general election were tributes, in large measure, to the man he has made of himself. . Mother Jones. Mother Jones belonged to an era that is happily past. So the last, peaceful years of her rich life found her a gentle old lady whose former role as a flam- ing Joan of Arc was more of a tradi- tion than an actual association of memories with herself. Like other tradi- tions, it gathered charming fancies and added to her deserved renown as & crusader from the ranks who led the cause of embattled labor to many a victory. \It was her reward that, living a round hundred years, she saw many of the movements in which she joined as a leader crowned with success, and her “boys,” grown with her to a ripe old age, looked back with fond recol- lection to campalgns that now are memories. Mother Jones served as a symbol. She embraced no clear-cut philosophy relating to the order of things as they should be. Her choice was merely between right and wrong— with right always on the side of the under-dog. She comforted the man who was down and inspirited him, and her presence everywhere brought with it a new determination and a will to fight on. There have been women like her before, and they will come after her. Her peaceful death accentuated by contrast the turmoil in which she spent most of her life, removing the bitterness and hate and leaving only the sweet memories of a good fighter. ——ra—— Mr. Longworth and Mr. Garner, al- though rated as antagonists in the House of Representatives, are declared to be excellent friends. One of the politics too seriously all the time, —_——————— Man power is so abundant that it Conspira- will be led to execution just when they have begun to qualify as radlo announcers. 3 oo o ‘There are three occasions when the attention of the country is focused particularly on its children: Christmas, Fourth of July and such a national child conference as has recently been concluded here. ———— There are men in America who under- stand Prof. Einstein’s theory and the professor is coming over especially to see them. It will not be a large audience, but nowhere will one be found more enthusiastic. ———re— Soviet Russia is regarded by many economists as quite as likely to completé its elaborate -five-year plan in four | years as now expected or even three! years it at all, T There is always a shadow of gloom after festivity. Members of Congress note with regret that after the Thanks- giving turkey comes the “lame duck.” ———————— A vagrancy charge has been placed against Al Capone. This is one of the mildest offenses of which he has yet been accused. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. New Universes. Sometimes in sorrow or in mirth We play the same old game. In spite of theories this earth Keeps working, just the same. Astronomers observed the sky And gave each star a name. This earth 'mid talk of how and why Keeps working, just the same. With new ideas sages seek To win enduring fame. Keeps working, just the same, So when “new universes” we Salute with glad acclaim The one We Know, we're glad to see, Keeps working, just the same. A Fault-Finding Life. “A statesman,” remarked Senator Sorghum, “has hard work preserving a pleasant disposttion.” “He can't be blamed if he is not always cheerful.” “No. Many people regard it as neces- sary to find fault with him and con- sider it his duty to hunt up things to find fault with.” Jud Tunkins says a great deal of time is spent in worrying about things that| Congress will do and more things that | it probably won't. Friendly Luck. Said Damon unto Pythias of old— 'We'll each set forth as politicians bold. T'll be a Democrat; and you shall go As a Republican with splendid show, And each congratulations may extend. | He is in luck who has a lucky friend.” | Too Much to Expect. “You have had much to be grateful for.” “For instance?” queried Farmer Corn- tossel. B “You dinner.” “Yes. But you can't expect one turkey to keep a man uplifted with joy for a whole year.” had a fine Thanksgiving| “He who views the future with hope.r instead of fear,” sald Hi Ho, the sage | of Chinatown, “is at least getting hap- piness out of the present.” Making Life Interesting. fiscal year, Mr. Davis recommends that the immigration of aliens be cut to the ‘The President | country. industry as one that the otherwise stimu-|the laws of the country are made, unrestricted competi- may be expected that the cause of the! Uncle Eben, “not bein’ 'bliged to consult known as the Lisieux- might solve its own laboring man will recelve always his with neighi He goes now to the Senate, where It On the other A monarch may himself amuse With lack of great propriety Of doings in Soclety. The Good Old Earth with patience meek | So00: the routine that ordinarily we tend to forget that life is an adventure, if it is anything at all. . ‘The pinnacle of Summer heat, while iS¢ per month | ¢ 004, clothing and shelter to a point | started their careers with little financial | it causes a great deal of conversation, 60¢ per month | where the whole business structure is|backing. His victories this year in the ‘the burden of overpro- | Republican seénatorial primary and later | to the city man. does not often result in the complex feelings which near-zero weather brings A low temperature, especially if ac- companied by wind, plunges many of us back into childhood again, to a small country town hundreds of miles away. Or it may take us back to college days, in a Midwestern city where tem- peratures of 20 below zero were not out of the ordinary. As we walk along a busy avenue, the keen wind cutting in around our neck, we recall vividly, out of nothing at all, a moment on a street corner in that town of long ago. There was ice on the snow, and the corner was slippery. ‘We sat down unintentionally, as one often will, if he forgets the state of the pavement underfoot, and insists in gawking at a pretty girl, as one will. Such scenes come to mind, brought by the whistle of keen wind up a broad city avenue. * ok ok ‘The adventure of cold weather is felt by everybody, for every one who walks along seems impelled to make a grimace of cold, when meeting a stranger, and the other usually feels called upon to remark, “Cold, isn't 1t?" A strange fraternity of rich and poor, white and black, old and young, is created out of sheer nothing by the situation. For, mind you, this state of mind, existing in all except the hopelessly lost to the good things of life, is a state of mind, after all. ‘The wind creates it, but it is not the wind. The bitter cold helps bring it about, but it is not the cold. It is bigger than wind or cold. Al- though it depends upon them, it does not depend upon them at all, in the last analysis. ‘What it depends upon is the human mind, if it can see adventure in little things. The man who insists in believing that only Admiral Byrd and his heroic associates know adventure through cold will never be able to understand this viewpoint. To him we leave Summer. e Another paradox about Winter is that one who appreciates it may nct like it at all! ‘While we have only admiration for the man or woman who proclaims loud. ly—and usually they are very loud about it—that he (or she) revels in the Wintry blast, and scorns the soft al- Jurements of Summer, we cannot per- sonally join in their chorus of praise. Winter is an expensive, dangerous season, but even these drawbacks should not prevent any of us from knowing this sense of adventure of which we speak. ) Winter demands the heating of homes and offices and places of gath- ering, and this costs money, no matter what type of heating is used. That it is money well spent there can be no doubt. It is a poor economy which calls for indoor temperatures below the line of comfort and safety, usually one and the same. But Winter is peculiarly dangerous to those who are susceptible to respira- tional diseases. Lest this plain state. ment of fact subject us to the sneers of those would-be sophisticated persons who somehow have acquired the belief that nothing which is krown should be put into print, let us nasten to add that those who are not subject to such com- plaints as colds, sore throats, coughs, grips, influenzas and pneumonia ordi- narily have little sympathy with those who are. those who are by nature inclined to tch” any of these diseases, Win- ter will ever be a time of danger, made all the more an_adventure hecause of that very fact. Is it not danger, efter all, which gives adventure its spice? The adventure from which all danger is removed 1s no adventure at all. They do Admiral Byrd a grave in- justice who are given to saying that his great Antarctic expedition was so well organized and equipped that it was ltlcklns in the elements of real sdven. ure. Any one who has seen the fine film, “With Byrd at the South Pole,” or who has read the new book, “Litile America,” containing Admiral Byrd's own story, will know that the splendid equipment and organization merely shaved off a few of the rough spots, but did in no sense lessen the danger or the force of true adventure. * ok ok X Overcoming an extreme of Nature, which real cold ever must be held, may be indulged in by the householder as well as by the Arctic explorer, There is a vast ditference n degree, but the common enemy is one ard the same. The intensely bitter cold of the frozen North is met by men accustomed to it and equipped for it, whereas a record “low” for a city may find thou- sands of persons illy prepared to meet, it. Aside from those who by fate or fortune are not able to meet Winter adequately, there are a surprisingly large number of persons who do not possess the right mental attitude. They believe in “fresh air” to an extent which makes them keep a home chilly all the time, mostly at the expense of less warm-blooded persons. It is no uncommon thing for some one perfectly healthy man or woman in a home to inflict an extremely low temperature on others at night, on the ground that such air is “bracing” and “healthy.” But if one is, by nature or ill health, unable to benefit from such methods of extreme ventilation, near- freezing indoor temperatures are neither healthy nor bracing, but just the opposite. ‘We call to mind particularly the man who is husky enough to bathe in snow, who 50 opens windows at night that he chills the house off to the point where it takes until noon to get the indoor temperature even up to 70. He, of course, goes to the office, say at 9 o'clock, where he enjoys & tem- perature of 85 degrees, while his wife and others sit around shivernig until lunch time. ot Besides thus belleving in “fresh air,” as they call it, mostly they insist that 70 degrees s the “proper” indoor tem- perature, Just what the word “proper” means in respect to temperature no one knows, any more than he does what “the city proper,” as displayed prominently on some taxicabs, means, Mostly, we suspect, it means nothing. ‘The idea that 70 degrees is the correct indoor temperature for human beings arose in a day and age when there was no such thing as central heating. Seventy was “correct” because it was about all that could be secured. But any one who is honest with him- self and others knows perfectly well, we believe, that he is comfortable only when the thermometer shows 74 or 76 degrees. Highlights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands TAR-BULLETIN, Honolulu—Mo- tion picture films dating back to the days of horses and buggies when the industry was in its in- fancy are to be burned by the Consolidated Amusement Co. before new rulings on the storage of nitro- cellulose films go into effect. One mil- lion feet of film will go up in flames. This includes 1,000 reels of silent films of all kinds. Many of the films to be destroyed will be those of the early days of Mary Pickford and other popular actors and actresses of years ago. De cision to destroy the silent film rather than meet the storage regulations was made by the Consolidated Amusement Co. because of its policy to develop the talkies henceforth. To burn the old film without danger to life and prop- erty, it will probably be set-on fire 100 reels at a time, at intervals when the wind is blowing toward the sea. Gases emitted by burning nitrocellulose are generally asphyxiating. * x k% Beekeeping One of Most Valuable Industries in Germany. Cologne Gazette.—According to a re- port made by the ministry of agricul- ture to the Rcll:hfll'g the beekeeping industry is one of the most valuable rural pursuits in the republic. During the year 1929 almost 2,000,000 hives were maintained in Germany, contain- ing a population of 60,000,000.000 bees, if we compute the average swarm at X ‘Twelve thousand tons of honey ‘were marketed, besides another 1,000 tons consumed in the households of the producers. The output of the hives was valued, according to the market statis- tics, at nearly 30,000,000 marks (about $7,143,000). The vaiue of the honey output in 1929 exceeded the value of the hop crop by over.S,DO0.0BB marks, * ok kK Uniform Alphabet Of Peruvian Languages Sought. El Comercio, Lima.—The executive department of the government has com- missioned Dr. Julio C. Tello, director of the Museum of Peru, and Dr. Luis Sanchez, dean in the department of Peruvian literature in tl National University, together with a number of other savants and archeologists, to be- gin the compilation of a uniform alpha- bet and nnhocrlghy for all the dialects spoken in Peru by the natives. While it is impossible to reduce to a concrete literal form all of the tribal languages spoken in Peru prior to the Conquest, a number of patois have been tran- scribed to written equivalents, and it is the work of the group to make up lexicons, uniform in their systems of spelling and pronunciation and con- taining all the words of the native aboriginal languages that have survived the constant changes of the centuries. x K K * Makes Plea for Unmarried Teachers. Evening Post, Wellington—"I_ think it is a crying shame,” said Mr. C. Pin- nock at the Wellington School Commit- tees’ Association, when he introduced the much discussed question of mar- ried woman teachers with sick families were a number of single teachers out of employment. These, while they had every respect and admiration for mar- ried woman teachers with sick families or invalid husbands, felt that it was not British fair play for married women o be in teachers’ positions if their hus- bands were profitably employed. ""Xt 1is quite true.” said Mr. Pinnock, “that some of these ha‘lle flvenp:pflll::g‘cio?i but there is still a preponde: them working and depriving unmarried teachers of employment. I know one young woman teacher, unmarried and quite prepared to go anywhere, who has had no work for 12 months. I think the education board should take a stand, and not put on married woman teachers while there are any single, self- supporting applicants for the positions unemployed.” * kK K Ancient -A‘nwm-Mkl “Noah bullt de ark in a hurry,” sald * countries ‘bout how big a boat he'd"be allowed to bulld.” Engage Race. Solr, Brussels—At the race course iy -Deauville track, in Prence, 15 asthmatic motor cars, all at least 25 years old, have just had an cx- citing competition. These vehicles, each one of French manufacture in the early days of the industry, and now in various stages of deterioration, presented star- tling and contrasting degrees of quaint- ness, but ran a palpitating career, in which a Renault of the vintage of 1900 finished first, and a Delage, 1902 model, second. A Peugeot, in its thirty-fifth year, also gave a good account of itself, as did an ancient Berliet, xSy Melbourne Scribe Describes Indescribable Dance. The Bulletin, Sydney.—A Melbourne scribe describes that indescribable dance, the “larrikin waltz.” On the one side you have an aggregation of undersized, loathsome-looking weeds in high-heeled boots, gaudy-colored neckties and bell- bottomed trousers; on the other a crowd of factory girls with faces $b hard you film | could strike matches on them. They tangle themselves together in some re- markable fashion and gyrate. The young lady keeps her head well on one side, not so much from maidenly mod- esty as to get out of range of the young man’s breath. By the evening they are all more or less drunk, and you scarcely wonder that a social reformer, coming :cur‘:ss :u‘c':n d. scm1 h eldec'.s to give man- up lespair and Jet it go to per- dition in its own way! k L - Daring Educational Experiment Tried From the Chicago Daily News. Dissatisfaction with existing educa- tional systems, especially in the higher institutions of learning, has been both deep and widespread for many years. After the abundance of criticism that has resulted, the time assuredly has come for constructive action, for de- partures from old methods and experi- ments with new. The University of Wisconsin has been trying the experiment of conducting a college within a college under the guid- ance of Dr. Meiklejohn, Columbia, Yale, Harvard and Johns Hopkins to mention no others, have been making limited pedagogical experiments. It has been felt, however, that & much more radical undertaking in the fleld of educational experimentation was needed. Now the University of Chicago, always progres- sive and adventurous, announces its de- cision to make a truly radical five-year experiment. ‘The new plan, frankly described as tentative, is revolutionary in more ways than one. It involves complete reor- ganization of the university, co-ordina- tion of research work and of uvhlnf. saving of time and money to the uni- versity as well as to the student body, and abolition of traditional divisions and limitations. No student will be required hence- forth to devote the conventional four years to the acquisition of what is called a liberal education. Some will employ less time and some more. ‘The serious, diligent, capable student will be able to take up professional or special scientific work whenever he is ready for it. Thus is furnished an admirably devised incentive to systematic, fruitful endeavor. Between professors and instructors there is to be closer contact and more systematic co-operation. That is a most desirable gain. The courses of study will be better classified. It is expected that the whole atmosphere will be changed for the better. It will not be necessary repeatedly to remind the av- erage student that the university is an institution of learning and that ath- letics, fraternities and recreation are but _side shows. ‘The educational world will watch the remarkable experiment with deep in- terest. ISR, Motor Car 125 Feet Lon From the New Orleans States. A motor car 125 feet long has been built. But just as sure as you park it near a fire plug some cop will fastep 0 ticksts on it. NEW BOOKS ‘ AT RANDOM 1.G. M. WOLSEY, Hilaire Belloc. J. R. Lip-| pincott Co. In this age of wide and free secularity it is not easy to recall thnrn when all Christendom was under domination of the head of the Catholic Church When France and Germany and Eng- land and the rest were but outlying provinces of Rome in matters called spiritual. When Kings and Emperors were, in their separate realms, business managers and agents for the distant overlords in every possible concern of the spirit, in a domain of exceeding elasticity and steadily encroaching claim. Authority in domestic affairs of temporal design was concaded these potentates, together with a deal of pomp and circumstance to englamour their shorn power with the externals of kingliness and courtly ceremonials. Recalling this period of pontifical au- thority, and looki around upon a hu- man nature that appears to be the slowest element in life to change its modes of thought and action, one read- ily envisages the secret rebellions against this absent landlord of souls. Evasions, intrigues, connivances of every sort must have grown around these temporal heads—as they did grow finally into that most logical of eventualities, the Reformation. The greatest religious movement in all history, so it is said. In no very long time, however, the purely spiritual content of this over- turning became deeply impregnated with distinct temporal purposes that served to contribute powerfully to the growth of the national ideal, that set up political barriers between countri, that worked decidedly, though spas- modically, toward the robust national- ism of modern times. An age of ex- ceeding unrest and discontent, those days of the breaking away from Rome. One of those periods, like the present, to which the spinning planet of our temporary occupancy appears to be in- curably subject. England speedily became one of the most determined of the protesting countries. Partly its physical insularity contributed to this effect. Partly the blood strain of these hardy seafarers. Quite definitely, too, there rose the greatest of all human agencies toward action, that of selfish personal desire on the part of the wielder of power, the King or the Emperor and his supporters In actuality, England was in a turmoil of protest before the Reformation, as such, stepped into the open of world contest, of wide ultimate acceptance, of deep national significance. It is at this point of England's stir toward protest and open resistance that Hilaire Belloc sets the tragedy in hand. The stage, in its widest reach, shows the country itself in a ferment of gen- eral wakening, of impending change. At the center of it, however, are but two figures—Wolsey and Henry VIII. The great cardinal s, Around the King, nobles come and [3 D upon errands hostile to the prelate and deepiy friendly to themselves, The pro- gram is, of course, as you recall—that of securing from the Pope himself compliance with the passion for a new Queen that is in possession of Henry. The action concerns itself almost wholly with the advances of Wolsey toward se- curing this great concession, with his timid retreats away from it in face of the lions of difficulty that challenge his advance. Around that uncertain course of the cardinal, plots and counterplots, sourced in the noble friends of Anne Boleyn, gather and progress to the ul- timate ~destruction of Wolsey. You know the story. Read “Wolsey” for the sheer dramatic impact of this chapter of English . Read it as an actual embodiment of ‘character, reacting to circumstance of momentous import with decision and 'vision, or with the oppo- site of these—with vacillation and short-sight. Clearly, Wolsey crumbled under the double load that he was try- ing to carry. And this vivid drama serves as a continuing picture of man and circumstance working together to- ward success or failure to themselves and their own small plans or toward triumph or defeat according to a world measurement of growth or decay. Robust and sinewy, selective and clean-drawn, here is' drama of sheer power and beauty. Going along with it, one partakes of its purpose and action— actually partakes, instead of sitting by with book in hand. Not speedily will this hour of English fact settle back to the dun colors of historic record. Not soon will the sequences of this moment of English life be forgotten. One gathers here, rather by impli- cation than by statement, that but for this episode in the life of Henry and the sum of activities that it set up, Eng- land would still have been under the leadership of Rome. No, ‘that is not possible. The physical situation of the | N country, the temper of the people are against that. The progress of the world iteelf is against it, however. One is re- minded again, also, of the potency of woman in the affairs of man. From Eden and the Nile, from Troy, from France in every age, and certainly from the England of Henry VIII, it is the female of the species that works havoc with men and affairs. And, among all these historic Sirens and Circes, Anne Boleyn cuts no small figure. Intelligent, shrewd, determined, knowing exactly what she wants and going out after it, Anne Boleyn, though not actually having an open role in this drama, is nevertheless felt here to be the real potency in England of that day. A wanton? Very likely, though words change their content like man- ners and other social commodities. This, however, is a matter of Queens. In this case, clearly a usurping Queen. Reflecting some more, Anne Boleyn really, explains Elizabeth, is the true progenitor of that great Queen. One would say her sole progenitor, if that were blologically possible, for, taken by and large, Henry VIII was a good deal of a mess, no forefather to Kings such as England was so certain to require. Time to stop—but here is a great drama, a great experience for us to share in the interest of a better un- derstanding of today and its peoples and affairs. * ok ok % THIS HUMAN NATURE. By Charles ?ul,l:. Cosmopolitan Book Corpora- ‘The author declares this book to be “history,” “commentary” and ‘“exposi- tion” from the earliest times to the present day of that most elusive thing, human nature. The title, so neatly divided, may cause you to fear an aca- demic fronting upon the theme. No trouble there. The three divisions amble along comfortably together, with no crowding, no quarrelsome counter- claims. In no time at all everything of mechanical import clears out, leaving the reader in an engrossed pursuit of himself, of that which he really is in company with the rest of mankind. First, one is led away back where he, along with the other animals, was con- cerned solely with food and shelter and the instinct toward his own perpetu- ity—the sex instinct. It is a marvelous story—that of man today, having from this triple basic source arrived at his present stage of civilization and prom- ise for a more astounding future—a truly marvelous tale. Such, in part, from one's assenting to its probabilit; such, in other part, from the vim and vigor of its manner. “A swift survey of recorded history shows us that in the mass human nature has changed very little.” Such the beginning of this story—such its end. To the verification of the theory, this author cites author- ity from every age and every land. Pre- historie records, early chronicles, sclen- tific findings, ripened conclusions all cor‘l;; to th f this e tion, make up the spell of this book. That “single addi- " is_the er f who, whether he will or not, becomes col. laborator with this man, going along with hir, digging deep into his own of , impulse, desire, An insides feelin; 2 2d there, right down there, ANSWERS TG QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ‘This is & lal department devoted 3olely to the dling of queries. This paper puts at your di the services of an extensive organization in Wash- ington to serve you in any ecapacity that relates to information. This serv- ice is free. Fallure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are entitled. Your obligation is only 2 cents in coin or stamps inclosed with your inquiry for direct reply. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing. ton, D. C. Q. When was the first foot ball game played in the old Rose Bowl>—H. R. A. On January 1, 1902, between Michigan and Stanford. The score was 49 to 0 in faver of Michigan. The first game In the present Rose Bowl was played on New Year day, 1922, Q. What is the unusual feature of the Pittsburgh tax plan?—P. J. A. The unique feature of the Pitts- burgh tax plan is the graded tax law, which concentrates the principal bur- den of municipal taxation upon land | values and partially exempts improve- ments. . M. J. A. It is not. Sitka has a mild tem- perature, the mean temperature for De- cember being 32 degrees F. Q. Please give some Information about Haym Salomon—C. M. T. A. Salomon was an immigrant Jew who was the financial genius of the Revolution Writing of him, Joseph D. Sawyer says: “From far-off Poland came Haym Salomon, the Jew, who had much to do with the finances of the Revoluticn. Born at Lissa, Poland, in 1740, he arrived in the New World in 1771, four years before the Lexington skirmish. The French appointed him treasurer of their army in America and he became the financial intermediary between the United States and France.” The diary of Robert Morris, born in England, the treasurer of the Revolu- tion, has disclosed over 70 transactions in Salomon’s name. Q. How long has taught in the Unite schools?>—C. L. P. reometry been States high A It was from 1850 to 1875 that| plane geometry took its definite place in the American secondary school. Q. Who discovered the use of coffee as & beverage?—I. McC. A. The Arabians are given the credit for discovering and promoting the use of coffee as a beverage and also for the propagation of the plant. This was probably as early as 800 AD. The coffee drink had its use in the classical period of Arabian medicine, which dates from Rhazes (850-922). Q. Please give an estimate of the tem- perature and pressure at the center of the earth—A. T. C. A. Daly estimates the temperature of the center of the earth at 90,000 degrees centigrade and the pressure at 25,000 tons per square inch. Q. How is the name of the city Sao Paulo in Brazil pronounced?—E. W. # A, ln. is pronounced as if spelled Soun au-loo, Q. Are dice and dice boxes of ancient origin?—R. R. A. They were commonly used in Greece and Rome and in the Orient in most ancient times, Q. I read that Lomazzo gave emblems J. HASKIN. to the chief painters of the Renaissance. Pl;nse'rom&m some.- B w. . X antegna gave serpent of sagacity, to Michela the dragon of contemplation, to Raphael the micro- cosm, Q. What does the French expression “pis aller” mean?—T. D. A. “Pis aller” means a last shift or resource, Q. Does a person who has served & prison_term get back his right to vote when he is released?—C. L. A, Unless pardoned by the executive, ex-convicts continue to be disfranchised. Q. Why do nalls in a building work out after a length of time?—D. W. A. The alternate expansion and con- traction resulting from changes in tem- perature cause nails in a building to work out. Q. Was the Lightship No. 1 which was recently retired from service the first lightship the country ever had?— H E W. A. All lightships were numbered about 20 years ago, not according to their age, but according to their geographic distri~ bution at that time. While No. 1 was the oldest ship in the Lighthouse Serv- ice at the time of its retirement, it was not the first vessel bullt or used for this purpose, having been built as recently as 1855. Records show that the Govern- ment established a lightship off Craney {:Izand. near Norfolk, Va., as early as Q. What was the date of ti - standard law?>—F. C. B. i A. Congress the gold the single standard of March 14, 1900. Q. What actress was it who was Eoom 'xl‘or reciting “Slide, Kelly, Slide”1? A Maggie Cline. Q Why is the division between the i:'lt: fil’dk!rll;tgn!‘her?hlo River on the nk o iver mlgatre;m?—’r. C‘e Instead of in 5 ccording to an old lonial treaty, Virginia had jumdlctlorfom '-!.Il northern bank of the Ohio River, When the States of Kentucky and West Vir- |ginia were formed, this boundary line still heid and does to ol good es to the present Q. What does the phrase, “plumes de- | livered, nuts safely,” refer to p—Z. 3 A. It was a secret code which was sent to Harrisburg, Pa. when Abra- ham Lincoln had arrived in Washington soon after his election to the presi- dency. His original route of travel, Which had been through Baltimore, had to be abandoned because of the bitter feeling against the Union in Maryland. Mr. Lincoln went from Harrisburg to New York secretly and took a through train from there to Washington. Sev- eral books of Lincolniana state that the code had no special significance other than that those words had been chosen to mean Lincoln’s safe arrival. "g t“drhrfn w'th chnr!;a Begker elec- uted for the murder of Herma R“’&unt};l.l?l—.‘" McC. - e . Charles A. Becker, a former ps- lice lieutenant in New York City, Ell electrocuted in Sing Sing Prison, New York, at 5:45 am. July 30, 1915, for instigating the murder of Heiman Rosenthal, a gambler, July 16, 1912. The men who actually committed crime were electrocuted April 12, 1914, but Becker secured a new trial and act making currency on managed to evade the for three years. s T Position of City and Nation Debated in Gangster Crisis Debate - which/ centers around the curbing of gangsters in the big cities of thge :'ountry has bfit l.mu‘sed by 3:’ Te suggestion action by the Federal Government might be taken. While the interstate character of crime and racketeering is the basis for argu- ments in favor of Federal action, there are. many who agree with a statement by President Hoover that sentiment should be aroused for effective local action, “Crime in Chicago is out of the con- trol of the city and county authorities. declares the Champaign News-Gazette, upholding the idea of Federal action, with the belief that the mayor, chief of police and civic leaders “might as well admit that they have been whipped by the lawless element.” The Cleveland ews, in summarizing the situation, says: “The President is correct when he avers that local authority should be strong enough to handle them. Never- theless, there still is some comfort in the assurance that the Federal Govern- ment is standing by; in the realization that its special attention is finally be- ing devoted to the ‘big shots’ and their tax evasions. Local authority or no local authority, Federal prosecution of this sort should go a long way toward settling the gang menace for Mr. Hoo- ver and all the rest of us, and, perhaps, make it unnecessary to call in the Ma- rines. Which, it seems to us, would be the next logical step.” “A public has been patient too long with the racketeer,” in the opinion of the Oakland Tribune. “Too long it has depended ur.on the municipal au- thorities in the large cities to handie a problem which they cannot or will not solve.” The Tribune concludes: “The gangster represents & definite threat. During the past 10 years he has been gaining in ~strength and arrogance until he levies tribute upon many indus- tries, enforcing his . demands with threats, bullets and bombs. That he should have been allowed_to gain so strong a foothold is not to the eredit of the great cities, nor to the States in which they are situated.” \, * Kk kK ~N Quoting the head of the department of police administration of the Univer- sity of Chicago as stating, “We are weaklings if we do not beat the crooks,” the Rock Island Argus adds: “It does begin to look as if good prospects exist in ‘Chicago and also in other large cities to bring racketeers and other gangsters to justice and put a stop to their high-handed criminal operations. ‘When all law-enforcing agencies really co-operate, the gangsters will not find the going so good.” “The situation in this country,” ad- vises the Boston Transcript, “is suffi- ciently serious to warrant vigorous ac- tion on the part of all charged with the enforcement of the law, whether Federal or State. It is of a character to prompt continued effort to arouse that healthy public sentiment which will insist upon the restoration of law and order in cities that now seem to be dominated by the vicious and the lawless, The President properly re- minds the States and the cities of their responsibilities, but it would be nfor- tunate if those who did not read his statement with care were to get the —— he finds the whole of man—the savage, the barbarian, the full-statured "‘ the citizen, the human baing. is an astonishing career, his own career, that one traces in this book. Training his human nature, making it sophisti- cate, by WI{ of the abradings of life through early history, through the ex- periences of Phoenician and Egyptian and Greek and these become the preoccupation of the reader of this book. It is his human nature, his own, AR the dari abpheaehes o Shmt period e dar] )Proac! to . His hufinn 'x’r.nkrun "r't“ih uodthwnmmu expressions takes part in modern life, in today and in tomorrow. t of the future of nature?’ profoun: o] ly, ma an willi" not alter their ‘Whether you ters nof the slightest. discover yourself, or redise_.er : selt, by way of this significant d impression that the part of the Federal Government in this war upon crime is one of minor importance.” “It is very evident that the Federal, the State and the govern- ments of the country will be compelled to join hands in a determined effort to make an end of racketeering,” contends the Altoona Mirror, while the Syracuse Herald, conceding that the “main re- liance” must be in local instrumental- ities, thihks the Federal Government “can help at all points where Federal law supplies supplementary means of dctection.” The Moines Capital holds that “the weapon of the anti- trust Jaw may not be sufficient to wi| out all the rackets, but it should m used for all it is worth.” The Lynch- burg Advance indorses the President's position as to municipal and State duties, but concludes that “ferreting out the income tax dodgers, the dope peddlers and the liquor racketeers i & duty of the Government.” * Kk % * “National, State and city govern- ments, as well as individuals enlisted in the fight on crime, must get to the bot- tom of it before the efforts of any or all will avail anything of importance,” says the Memphis Commercial Appeal, charging that “a great part of the prob- lem revolves around the pmhlgltlon am:ndment.” Other statements giving importance to the Federal share in pro- hibition come from the Hartford Cou- rant and the Detroit Free Press, The Lexington Leader points out that “many of the racketecers are operating on an interstate basis, which gives the Gov- ernment a hold on them.” Noting “signs that the American peo- ple are aware of the laxity of some of the officeholders who were intrusted with the job of protecting them and their possessions,” the New York Sun asserts that “the pressure ought to be kept up until every State has cleaned hcuse.” The Savannah Morning News is convinced that “the States can do it if they will select officers and officials instead of political lackeys to admin- ister and enforce the law.” As a solu= tion, the Newark Evening News de- 'n;nds. “Let the local governments tell Why they have fallen under gangster confrol.” That paper continues: “Mr. Hoover deplores that the Federal Gov- ernment is forted to make use of the incom: tax law to convict men who have violated State lJaws. The income tax law was not intended for such pur- pose. To so use it is to stretch its fundamental purpose. It is ap act of desperation; necessary because xil"l one of the fcw effective ways the Govern- ment can get its hands on the criminals.” _Local rlghfimlnd duties are empha- sized by the isville Times, the Pitts- burgh Post-Gazette and the Rockford Morning Star. The Chicago Daily Trib- une meintains: “It is not the Federal province to undertake the enforcement of criminal laws in the States. It will destroy the States if it does so, Nor is it the province of the Federal Govern- ment to give the States laws regulating the habits of citizens, which laws in turn make the criminals the Federal Government does not propose to handle, If the sovereignty of the State is ime paired and its competence as an au- thority destroyed by the intervention of the Federal Government afier a condi- tion has beén created, how much iter is the impairment if the Federal Gov- ernment creates the conditions?’ B o — Easier Now. From the Akron Beacon Journal. Life grows simpler. In the old days slumming parties had to leave their re- spectable neighborhoods to rub elbows with the lawless. oot A Vital I’roblem. Prom the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. This is doughnut month, and it will be most useful if the difference between a cruller and a sinker is definitely es- tablished. ———— Bigger and Derrer. From the Louisville Times. illuminating survey—that matters Yery mugh indeed. ¢ l’hggchl may not be a cure for erime. But if some one could invent a swetter as large In proportion to the crimi as a fly swatter is in proportion to a fiyl