Evening Star Newspaper, November 16, 1930, Page 41

MEDITERRANEAN LOCARNO ‘NZ()[JIJI) END NAVY RIVALRY Paét That Guarantees Ital; and France Against Aggression Seen as Only Solution to Dispute. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. served to re-establish in the public mind the naval theses of the various powers emphasize the difficulties of mfi about a general agreement which woul eonsolidate the results of the London ference. ‘There are three of these theses of immediate importance. Great Britain insists that she must have a fleet equal excursion of Huge Gibson to | Ltalia Paris and Rome has at the very and to of any two Continental states. Italy demands parity with France. Neither France nor Italy is in the least conce with the size of the British fieet, just as the United States and Japan are uninterested in the strength of France and Italy. by the Franco-Italian dispute, save -2 one detall. If France and Italy should practice means if France should concede Italian parity two-power standard. France Will Not Lower Figure. France will not in any case lower this re, for the simple reason th U even if she felt constrained to concede theoretical parity to Italy her superior ! financial sf would enable her to build more ships. And the higher the| to figure fixed the surer she w be to maintain actual superiority while con- theoretical parity. ‘We come into the picture because, by virtue of the escalator clause in the treaty of London, Great Britain can bufld in excess of the figures of the t if and when the two-power e arnion. of Trema aud Talian an fleets already foreshadows a time when London must tell Washington that it feels the margin of safety has been endangered. Indeed, it is a fair conjecture that President Hoover sent Gibson on his mission precisely because intimations come from London that unless countries have to be invoked, and the States and Jl:n would be forced to follow Britain in a P wu'.mmeedx a¢ Lendon in Aprl Franc uld renew eonv:r'hm, t"'h{l:ll had failed to lead result. And it was understood that Britain would use her good offices. tions have come to But these conversal et tried nothing, and Britain, a efforts, has been unable to accomplish that ‘MacDonald : § g : i 5; H 5 aie H B o i Y HH 4 % i : i ’ il g i | comes down to cases, each nation can make a pretty respectable case out for its national claim. Only One Solution. Practically, however, no one at Lon- . able to discover aval | § Great Britain is not directly affected | imi n additional building | goa*® Ho! that | concider thelr |} tion ty | London Italy was after parity and don that the only real difficulty lay in basis, | the fact that everybody was right and be an instant and grave menace to all British lines of communication passing through Mediterranean. H Again, Britain has no interest in seeing the status quo modified. Iwhnl nationalism has already raised the ques- tion of Malta, which for the Fascists has become a new Irredenta. Also Ital- ian ambition to take Tunis from France awakens British opposition, for Itallan possession of Tunis would establish Italy on both sides of the narrow sea lane separating Siclly from Tunis. But the situation has a resemblance to that involved in the Locarno agree- By this agreement Britain un- to assume responsibility for the Adri- atic, where Italy and Jugoslavia are in shock. Labor Ties Its Hands. ‘What really counts, though, is that Labor tied its hands in advance of coming into power by tnlckm[h the against the other woul ‘wrath of the whole rank and Labor huugid all along has it ooug le President a EEEE i i £ ; g ze 14 1 g i : i Coptknes of & consultaiive pact. ~And a consultative pac D it will be recalled that the American Secretary of !t.::e fln&dnljecudl n:: then accepted e principle, only r Washington was squarely d still be- States, like Britain, has about a Franco-Italian Will Agree to Locarmo. the end, in my ju t, when a et does come in Britain will 8 Mediterranean Locarno. happens all real French | Italian parity will vanish, is one of giiiy to g8 i £ 5, lay nothing to offer, either in Rome or which would tempt either France to waive its n:g:n;:‘lflm Obviously, both France y are terested in keeping American friend taly immediate tryms it commensurate with the surrender involved. Great Britain and the United States the | accompl claims. In a word, while Britain and the United States were seeking limita- and reduction of armaments at and as far as Prance out for security. has not one can see the situation changed. Morrow Not Deluded. Dwight Morrow used to say at Lon- the rights of each nation were just as imprescriptible as those of another. And from the start he was the one American- del te who never deluded himself with the notion that it would be possible to talk the other fellow out of his rights. In Europe you have got to talk politics before you talk disarm- ament, or, for that matter, anything else: and the American policy of isola- tion precludes us from talking politics on a business basis. That was Stim- son's handicap at London, Gibson's at Paris and Rome, and, as far as one can see, is likely to tie the hands of any American diplomat in Europe for .| any future time. (Copyright, 1930.) of Vienna Landlord VIENNA, Austria—The City of Vienna might fairly claim th- honor of being the most indulgent professional landlord doing a large scale business today. ‘Where else in the world can a worker City Indulgent on Large Scale American lhnflgh‘ll are central heat- ing and bathtubs in h it. Dr. Muzil, head of the city partment, explains that the Viennese authorities are perfectly well aware of the desirability of those conveniences but could not put them in without rais- ing the rent to a level bound to prove burdensome to the class of citizens the municipality wishes to assist. Worker Earns $7 a Week. “Viennese workmen earn, on an aver- 2ge, $7 a week. If we provided central heating in our apartments we should have to rent them for about $3 & week. | Berlin municipal apartments are cen- trally heated, but they rent for from 1810 to $15 a month. A higher paid type of workmen lives in them and an unemployed worker could not stay there. W: leave each tenant to arrange his own heating and thus make our houses available to the least well off citizens. cold to | some Win! tax. | bullding 20 of the 200 apartments were not m&d ozgee dus a Winter wltt‘h 2s much &s 20 degrees below zero centi- The tenants could not afford h apartment has its bathhouse where a hot and cold shower can be had ll | under pleasant conditions for about 5 ‘The | cents or a tub bath for 12 cents. Be- Vienna abounds in s THE “SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGT! Pressing Trade Sabotage Russian Reds Slash Export Prices to Discredit Capitalism and Aid General Revolution: NOTE.—While Soviet citizens walt in lengthening queues for their meage Gy per harvest is be- road st cut-throat prices. ples, practically unprocurable are serious competitors in on of, this amaz- e world? How dumping legitimate competition? far a deliberate attempt to ruin world markets in the interests of the doctrines of Bolshevism. How long can it be pected to last? Are_the Russian soul behind demand? . These are some of the questions con- sidered in a series of three articles writen for The Star and North Ameri- can r_Alliance, of which this is the first. by Mr. ist and economist. ‘W) from an unescorted in_Russia. The second and third articles of this feries will appear in ‘The Evenins Star Monday and Tuesday. ex- people heart and the sacrifices their rulers New: just ho rel il observation sit of BY RANDALL HEYMANSON, NOW was falling heavily when I left Leningrad. The hard gray ‘waters of the Neva seemed about to freeze. From the Equality (Trotsky) Bridge I looked across to the imposing facade of the Winter Palace, now tipped with snow, to the SOVIET LUMBER AWAITING SHIPMENT TO FOREIGN PORTS The harbor at Leningrad is lined with rows and rows of timber awaiting a_place on ships bound for foreign ports. These shipments have ruined the lumber market in several slender spire of the Peter-Paul Cathe- dral and on to the great rostral col- umns erected as landmarks for sea- going ships. But no lights appeared in the palace windows flashing out a message of life and laughter. No beautiful women in costly furs drove along the stately quay of the Neva. The few hungry and ill- clad passersby had no eyes for the im- perial splendor of their city. With them I had stood that morning in a shivering line awaiting a ration of sour black bread. Filling enough, cheap and not unpleasant when well spread with butter. But butter was a luxury we never saw save in the small- So, too, s commodities, which are regarded as elementary necessities in America and Western Europe. Soap I found unprocurable save in those stores with frosted win- dows where certain privileged foreign- ers—diplomats, technical advisers and the like—are, curiously enough, per- mitted to goods unprocurable by Soviet citizens. ‘Yet the Soviet has no lack of oils and fats. Meat I never saw at the workers’ restaurants and canteens, and only seldom at the expensive state- other countries. owned hotels where foreigners are obliged to stay. Cigarettes of an inferior quality are rationed, yet Russian to- bacco is esteemed in America. I made a firm friend of a Russian at my hotel by offering him cigarettes p':rchmd for me at the “foreigners’ store.” “Export,” he sald® laconically. good for the workers.” Difference In Quality. ‘The same difference in quality can be noticed in all manufactured prod- ucts sold abroad. Many a time I have been unable to strike one-tenth of the matches in a box bought in Russian territory. Yet the Soviet matches which are sold at ridiculously low prices in Sweden, the stronghold of the match industry, are scarcely inferior to the Swedish product. Those Americans who knew England during the war should have little dif- ficulty in imagining conditions in Rus- sia. The Soviet cities resemble London in the darkest days of the world strug- gle—with this difference: there are no lul:n]dl of brightness, no well-dressed “Too people. Clothes are almost unprocurable. ‘When I wore through a stout pair of P. and A. Phote. shoes in the incredibly muddy streets of Moscow I was told that I could not hope to buy & new pair and that I should have to wait my turn on the waiting list if I wanted them repajred. Bread, meat, butter, milk, eggs, cereals, soap, oil and even medicines are rationed, where, indeed, they are obtainable, One of the stock jokes of Moscow tells of that triumph of or- ganization, the huge department store, which needs only one man to control it. He simply stands at the door and tells prospective customers there is nothing to sell. Lumber Exports Increase. “Look upon this picture and on that.” Outside of Russia are all the commodi- ties Russians are denied. When I was in Helsingfors a leading business man spoke bitterly to me of the ruin of the Finnish lumber industry upon which the pi ty of his country so largely depended. In 1920 Russia exported 750,000 tons of sawed lumber. That figure has been increased to more than & million. An increase in production was only to be expected as Russia recovered from (Continued “on Fourth Page.) The Story the Week Has Told BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is & brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended November 15: R THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.—The Imperial Confer- ence ended on November 14 with little lished. No substitute—compromise, - tempo- rary, tentative, face-saving or what you will—for the proposal by the dominions of large extension of the system of im- g;flu preferences which was rejected the representatives of the British government was adopted. My understanding is that the British governmerit has offered to continue for three years the preferences now in force as between Great Britain and the dominions, but that South Africa only has accepted. An instrument entitled “The Statute of Westminster” embodies decisions of the conference recognizing certain ex- tensions of the independence of domin- lons, which already fairly approached completeness. By one of these decisions the King has the right to appoint gov- ernors general on consultation with the dominion governments only. So there may be native governors general. ‘The conferees decided that new work on the Singapore naval base should be postponed for five years, at the end of which time the question of further con- struction should be reconsidered, but that the Singapore air station should be completed. Here's a pregnant rumor, to be sure. To the effect, namely, that the repre- sentatives at the conference of the Dominions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand earnestly discussed the project of an economic association of those dominions in which very large ap- plication should be given to the prin- ciple of imperial preference. It is also rumored that these gentlemen, and in particular Premier Bennett of Canada, are very bitter over the very cold shoul- der given by the British government to their proposals. There are even raven-croakers to doubt that, should the British Labor government then be still in power, an- other conference will be held in Ottawa next Spring, as decided. indical government then be still in power, the conference will be held and some sort of quota system for wheat importation into Britain will be adopted. Round Table Conference on India, one of the most important con- ferences the world has seen, opened in London on November 12. The bill providing for increase of the limit of age for compulsory schooling by one year and authorizing main- tenance grants to a total of $18,500,000 fbur nft;dy families that would be affected y e measure has passed the Commons, The government expenditure for edu- cation in Great Britain is about $465,- 000,000 yearly. Within a few months Cape-to-Cairo air service will be established. Going south, the itinerary will be roughly as follows: Above the Nile to Lake Victoria and over the northern shore of that lake to Kisumu at its northeast corner, in Kenya, 2,620 miles, four days, night stops having been made at Assuan, Khartum and Juba. From Kisumu over Southern Kenya and over Malahide, & descendant of Boswell, 16 m‘u of the original manuscript of the e of Samuel Johnson by Boswell and a wealth of previously unpublished Bos- well manuscripts, including letters, ef which manuscripts are magni cently receiving the honors of print. The colonel promises a popular edition to follow and we adjure him promptly to fulfill that promise. ‘The other day at Malahide Castle, on the Irish Coast north of Dublin, a bevy of ladies were bored. Some one sug- gested croquet, and Lady Talbot sent servants to rummage the souterrains for a croguet set. They returned with crumbling mallets and rusty wickets and reported that they found them amid & mass of musty, rusty papers. Of course, another “Boswell find" suggested itself to Lady Talbot’s olfac- tories, and 50 it turned out. Whence Col. Isham'’s new acquisition, which includes 107 pages of the original manuscript of the life of Johnson, the entire original manuscript of the journal of a tour 1o the Hebrides (682 pages, whereof a third are unpublished matter), an out- line of a projected but never written biography of Lord Kames, the recovery of which will be congratulated by thor- ough-paced Boswellians as enthusiastic- ally as would the recovery of the lost books of Livy by Latinists, and 30 or more letters. ‘The new material will mean an ad- dition of two volumes to the 18 pre- viously projected (eight so far issued) of the “private papers of James Bos- well.” Yes, indeed, Col. Isham is one of the most fortunate men now living. But imagine how disgusted would be the shade of Horry Walpole, “revisiting the glimpses of the moon,” to find such a How d'-ye-do over Boswell's reliques. DR GERMANY.—The hop of the DO-X from Amsterdam to Calshot, South- ampton water, en route to the United States, was delayed from the 8th to the 10th. On the latter date she made the hop pleasantly in about four hours, be- ing met and escorted by a dozen sea- planes of the Royal Air Force. On the 14th she hopped off for Bordeaux, but engine trouble caused her to descend toward evemns off Les Sables D'Olonne, on the Vendee coast of France, about 150 miles north of Bordeaux. She taxied on for a space, Too Much Wailing BY BRUCE BARTON F i 1 EKm"ATlONs STOOD in line one night at the ticket window in Providence, waiting to take up the lower berth which I had reserved to New York. In front of me was a man who had come up from Chatham on Cape Cod, havjng telegraphed for a reservation from there. Through a mistake on the part of the Chatham operator the telegram had gone to Bos- ton instead of to Providence. If the man waited for the train to come through from Boston he would not get to bed until about 2 o'clock in the morning. If he got on a Providence car he would have to sleep in an upper berth be- cause all the lowers were sold. He bought an upper, but not without a great deal of grum- bling. “This is atrocious,” he ex- claimed. “Give me a telegraph what I think of him.” ‘To which the station agent answered very sanely: “What good will that do? You're mad already. What’s the use of two men mad?” Every hour of every day a certain number of hap- which just not , but do. To err is hu- man. editor said to me: “You are about to make a sad discov- ery. You are about to learn that there are no efficient people in the world.” He went on to prophesy that writers would consistently misinterpret my instructions about articles and that artists would insist on drawing their pictures all wrong. To a certain extent the grophecy was fulfilled; but, aving been warned in ad- vance, I managed to get along without losing my temper often or increasing my blood pressure much. If you expect perfection from people your whole life is a series of disappointments, frumb]lngs and complaints. f, on the contrary, you pitch your expectations low, taking folks as the inefficient crea- tures which they are, you are frequently surprised by hav- ing them perform better than you had hoped. ‘Too many of us are like that man in Providence, who prob- ably “bellyached” to every- he met the next day, saying that he was tired be- cause a fool operator in Chatham had caused him to in an wupper berth. Doubtless he went home and “bellyached” to his wife; and he may still be telling the sad l%t‘o: all I know. Cois ’s.the use of. it all?. but it was finally decided to spend the night on the calm sea between the Isle de Re and storied La Rochelle. She seems to have had a deal of trouble in rising from * % ¥ % AUSTRIA.—The Austrian parliament- ary elections of November 9 resulted as follows: Social Democrats (Social- ists), 72 seats; Christian Socialists (the Catholic and Conservative party, headed | by Mgr. Seipel), 66; Economic party (a new group, headed by Dr. Schober, re- cently displaced as chancellor), 19; Heimwehr party (héaded by the fire. eater Prince von Starzemberg), 8. ‘The distribution of seats is about the same as in the late Parliament. The developments will be uneasily watched by the world, in particular the behavior of Priice von Starzemberg, minister of the interior, who has - recently dis- th himself by seizure of arms in the hands of Socialists and by sup- pression of radical and even moderate newspapers, and who has virtually threatened a Heimwehr dictatorship. One should not be misled by the weak showing of the Heimwehr party, a re- cent political development. The semi- military Heimwehr, or Fascist Soclety, is made up chiefly of Christian Social- ists. Whether the latter will support the extremist program of the Prince von Starzemberg remains to be seen. * X Kok BRAZIL.—Provisional President Var- #as has issued a decree setting forth the organization of the provisional govern- ment of Brazil. Congress is dissolved and the provisional government is to exercise both executive and legislative functions. It shall legislate by decree until the sitting of a new Congress elected under a new constitution, to be constructed by a constituent assembly. The legislative assemblies of all states and municipalities are dissolved. The proyisional President will appoint a governor for’each state, removable at his pleasure; these governors will ap- point municipal prefects to replace the mayors and city councils, these pre- fects being removable at their pleasure. A national consultative council is to be established, its functions to be fixed by_subsequent decree. Federal and state courts continue in existence, but “all decrees or acts of the provisional government or its commis- slorers (governors and prefects) issued or performed in conformity with this decree, or as it may later be amended, are excluded from judicial supervision.” Constitutional guarantees are in gen- eral suspended. All acts of governors and prefects are reviewable by the pro- visional President. Here’s centralization with a ven- R:ovlskl‘lll government filiment of all obliga- tions assumed by the nation, states and municipalities before the outbreak of the revolution. ‘The provisional government has dis- missed the American Naval Mission to Brazil and likewise the Prench Military Mission, which were composed, re- spectively, of officer of the American in the interests of Our Government has announced that it “will be happy to continue with the new dEwemmem of Brazil the same ly_relations s with its predeces- ‘The form of tion is in- CRUCIAL ELECTIONS FACED BY POLAND AMID CHAOS: Position of Marshal Pilsudski Is Weak-" ened and Economic Depression Adds to National Confusion. BY JOHN ELLIOTT. ARSAW.—These are exclting days in Poland, The posi- tion of 63-year-old Marshal Joseph dski, military dictator and creator of mod- ern Poland, is weakened, and nobody knows what is going to happen in the near future. The elections to the Sejm which are to be held November 16 may help clarity the situation, but for the moment an air of uncertainty and con- fusion prevails in Warsaw. The bright hopes that were built around Pilsudski when he assumed power after the May coup d'etat of 1926 have not been realized. The same payliamentary chaos exists now as then, and the economic situation is worse than ever. ) ‘The world-wide business depression has not spared Poland, and the Poles, like every other people, are holding their government responsible for their troubles. The volume of unemploy- ment in the country is relatively small ~—less than 200,000—for Poland is & predominantly agrarian nation. Sixty- five per cent of the population is en- gaged in farming. But the peasants are being driven to desperation by the low world price of grain and by their inability to sell, even at reduced prices, the bulk of their erops. Action on Young Plan Delayed. ‘The parliamentary anarchy, caused by the inability of the executive and leg- islature to work together, has been growing steadily worse. The most press- ing legislation has been held up by successive prorogations of the Sejm. | Poland, for instance, has not yet passed the Young plan, and, consequently, cannot draw her share of the German reparations annuities, which her treas- gl;y 0 m needs. l.sq, too, the TIAN - commercial agreement, which would open the German market to Polish farm products and end the five-year trade war, so harmful to the | the old l:r'ernu of both countries, is hanging e. ¢ The Pilsudski government seems in- capable of giving a lead. The marshal dinary vision and an outstanding sol- dler, but he has not shown the quali- ties of & constructive statesman. While Mussolini has remodeled Italy and completely revolutionized her institu- tions, inaugurating an experiment that the whole world is following with in- terest, Pilsudski has more or less per- mitted events to take their own course. He has been credited with a desire to reform the Polish constitution and strengthen the powers of the executive on the American model, but he has not made any concrete propositions nor taken any action to realize this aim. In his opposition to the Sejm, Pilsudski has assumed a purely negative attitude. Minorities Enhance Problem. ‘The difficulties of country are enhanced .:y'nl.hn-“ minority population. On the u&uu& (which figures) i e Ukrainians live in Southern Poland and 1,500,0&0 White Russians in the the large basis of probably ) land. In addition, there are nearly 2,500,000 Jews who, in Poland, preserve distinct racial habits and dress. Other natlonalities in Poland include Lithu- anians, Russians, Czechs and Tartars. In East Galicia, almost a state of By is_eoenvocing. ttuoth 10 3 po- 1 means, to obtain home rule, political rians in while the workers are seel unity with their fellow prolef Russian Ukrainia under the Soviet sys- tem. All Summer long an underground Ukrainian secret organization carried on a campaign of systematic destruc- tion by fire of the farms and hayracks owned by Polish niscent of the methods of the Fenians in Ireland in the eighties of the last century. “replied by into the province a punitive expedition of troops whose brutal methods and indiscriminate punishing of the inno- cent with the gulity have aroused a protest from the dvlflnd world and in- creased the tension existing between the two nationalities in East Galicia. ¢ the Poles themselves, political passions have been exacerbated by the methods of the government. Many prominent leaders of the opposition parties, including such well known Pol- game in New York City on December 13, the proceeds to go to the aid of the unemployed. * ok k% NOTES.—The coalition Catholic-Lib- eral cabinet of Belgium headed by M. Jaspar has resigned, the cause seeming to be the vexed old language contro- versy. According to late advices, how~ ever, there is of its re- construction with only minor changes. On November 14, at the conclusion of a vigorous debate of many days, the French Parliament voted approval of M. Briand's foreign policy, 323 to 270. Briand made a characteristic conclud- ing speech, asserting confidence that republicanism would remain ascendant in Germany and that the Reich would not repudiate its obligation. The strike situation in Spain con- tinues serious. A clash in Madrid on the 14th between civil guards and police and a procession of workers is reported. General elections for a new Cortes have again been postponed. It is now an- nounced that election of Deputies take place on March 1 next, and of Sen- ators on March 16. But, naturally enough. these repeated postponements cause a certain incredulity in some quarters. On November 7 the Soviet govern- fourteenth year. What is to be the event of the experiment which in effect involves the commandering of raw ma- terials and the conscription of labor and technical experts, with squads in the offing to encourage the latter? ‘The world has witnessed no more extraordinary drama than the operation of the five-year plan now in its second year. Just now some decline of energy Seems able. x :‘n ;nd.l.ln Sir ?hflndxll‘ekbm Ven- at aman, professor of physics at Calcutta University, has received this year’s Nobel physics award for extraor- dhur{llnvu ations in the phenomena of light radiation, etc. On November 14, Premier Yuko Ham- aguchi of Japan was shot, apparently by a Nationalist fanatic, crazed with the notion that the premier had be- trayed his country’s interests in respect of the London naval treaty. On November 13, following clashes in Havana, between police and rioters, which resulted in 7 has proved himself & man of extraor- | slogan, landowners, ' remi- | ish politicians as Vincent Witos, Prime Minister, and_former ‘Wojclech Korfanty, who led the prising in U Sllesia position, driven underground by Tepressive tactics of the rovmk has drawn up plots for ing ski which has led to ni of Poland continues precarious. s efforts of Polish her foes have come to na lies between two un! st many on one side and other. To the north, little which never has forgiven the of Vilna, menaces her flank. The mer saw a revival of the cam) Germany for the abolition of ridor that cuts the Reich in two. speeches of Gottfried Treviranus, manding & frontier revision, are: forgotten in the even fiin HITTH T i £% the Germany by the treaty of Versailles. Yet, in one sense, the sudski’s advantage. The & realizes that the country Mm-'. Tule, and he cannot see who, marshal, can provide Sejm, divided into numerous i " ] TR i E—gg;iggig - Eggifiiégg i-Hs the war came in - ‘when Pilsudski dashed across the EE’E; # was enabled, assistance rendered and the French l:nm. Pilsu fa e Shln peopie and to the 3 Kosciuszko and Ponistowski the favor. ite heroes of the nation. marshal has defined the c::‘: o‘d mr’n}l‘gx .‘l ‘methods.’ ~ant ol anlmed of reviving the glories of the e men the ahcient Folih Polish history—when the an y: capital, Cracow, was to the medieval world what London and Paris are to rn Europe. He aspired to i tha hihaanta. + He advocated, too, the an uania. a creation of a chain of White Russian, T e ler . Slavonic federa a von“ K g - extending | ment celebrated the beginning of its | pire ik Ey i ieii i I 5 £ &z ¥ E g AR "