Evening Star Newspaper, August 1, 1930, Page 2

A2 ¢ e ¢ BRIISH DIRGBLE ENDS TRHOLR TRP R-100 Delayed and Some- what Damaged by Storm {4 in First Great Test. i (Continued From First Page.) we would have been here in time for dinner last night. Maj. Scott, captain of the first Brit- ish airship to fly, inventor of the air ministry’s method of airship mooring and one of the greatest of lighter-than- | air experts, has developed & new plan | for collecting water for ballast while fiying. He mentioned it casually while chatting after the landing. He had been asked about ballast. “Oh, when we need more water, we | Just collect -it on the fly. We did it| all the way across. 1 ~We built a sort of little gutter ar- | rangement along the top of the envelope lm'\“«ted rain water. The enormous bulk of the ship makes % guite easy. Then we piped the water down, strained % end put it into the pipes. Collected Three Tons of Water. “We managed to get three tons that | way. It doesn't cost anything and | works perfectly any time it rains—and, | of course, there is always lots of rain | around the Atlantic.” i The R-100 set a record for west= ward dirigible crossings of- the Atlantic Ocean with_its trip from Cardington, England, to St. Hubert Airport in 78 hours and 51 minutes. The ZR-3, built in Germany for the United States Navy and later renamed the Los Angeles, crossed in October, 1924, from Priedrichshafen to Lake- burst, N. J., in 81 hours. The Graf Zeppelin took 111 hours and 46 minutes for its first crossing from Friedrichshafen to Lakehurst, in 1928, but made its second crossing in 93 hours flat, in 1929. The R-34, British dirigible, crossed from Scotland to New York in 1919 in 108 hours and 13 minutes, Eastward ocean. flights have been made by the dirigibles in much faster time. The Graf Zeppelin has the best | record—55 hours and 24 minutes from Lakehurst to_ Priedrichshafen in Au- gust, 1929. It crossed the Pacific in September. 1929, from Tokio to Los An- geles in 67 hours. ALL BRITAIN GRATIFIED, London Newspaper Says R-100 and R-101 Are World's Fastest. LONDON, August 1 (#)—The British public was gratified today that the dirigible R-100 made the swiftest trans- atlantic crossing yet achieved by lighter-than-air craft. The damage to the fabric which de- layed the landing at Montreal was re- garded as unfortunate. The London Telegraph says the R-100 and its mate, R-101, are the swiftest and strongest airships in existence; the Daily Mail says Great Britain leads the world, not only in aircraft design, but also in the skill and courage of its air- men; the News-Chronicle says the anxiety regarding aerial trips over the ocean still exists. None of the commentators recalled criticisms of the English craft made a gfi ago. At that time it was said the R-100 and R-101 were too slow and lacked sufficlent 1ift to be of commercial value. The designer, Sir C. Denistoun Burney, was one of the severest critics. Eleven years ago a British dirigible, the R-34, made first airship cross- wives, ‘mothers " and sweethearts of passengers and cr#w re- Joiced that the R-100 had arrived safely. Lady Burney, wife of the er of the ship said, “Isn't it marvelous, I knew he would d# it. “Sir Dennist,” she added, “first con- ceived the idea of reliable, speedy air- ship travel when we were on our way to Burma by steamship. He said then “something has got to be done so that trips like this can be made by air. Ever since he has been interested in air: ship travel and the R-100 is the re- sult.” MASONIC RITES HELD FOR JAMES M. FORD Pioneer Lunch Room Operator, 73, Came to Capital in 1880 From Native Virginia. Attended by Masonic rites and lodge delegations, funeral services for James Marshall Ford, 73 years old, pioneer lunch room operator of Washington, who died Tuesday at Silver Spring, Md.. were held this afternoon at the S. H. Hines funeral home. Interment was in Glenwood Cemetery. Mr. Ford, an invalid for 12 years, died at the residence of his daughter. | Mrs. May Ford Kelley. He had resided in Montgomery County for 40 years. | Coming her from Virginia, his native | State, in 1880, Mr. Ford established the Ford & Graham Lunch, on Fifteenth ! street opposite the Treasury, and the establishment became known s & pop- ular rendezvous for political and busi- ness men of every degree. Mr. Ford Tetired in 1905. i A prominent Mason, Mr. Ford was affiliated with the following groups: Washington Centennial Lodge, No. 14: Mount Vernon Chapter, No. 3. De Molay Commandery, No. 4, of the Knights Templar; Albert Pike Con- | sistory and Almas Temple. Besides his |’ daughter, he is survived by his widow, | Mary V. Ford. | OFFICERS ARE SHIFTED Various Branches of Army Affected by Transfers. Maj. P. M. N. Kyle, Medical Corps, in Hawail, has been assigned to duty at Vancouver Barracks, Wash.; Maj. Frank C. Griffis, Medical Corps, at San An- tonio, Tex., has been ordered to exami- nation for promotion; Capt. James E. Allison, Infantry, has been transferred from Fort George G. Meade, Md., to the high school at Joplin, Mo.; Capt. W. D. Wheeler, Air Corps, from Belleville, Til., to Langley Field, Va.; Capt. C. W. John- son, Dental Corps, from Fort Winfield Scott, Calif., to Hawaii; Capt. Arthur L. Irons, Dental Corps, from Hawaii to Fort Sill, Okla. and Second Lieut. Charles F. Pugh, Air Corps, from Mitchel Field, N. Y., to Bolling Field, Anacostia, D. C. BAND CONCERT. TONIGHT. By the United States Army Band on the east Capitol steps at 7:30: March, “Second Connecticut National Gual -Ree Overture, | | (Technical Sergt. Frank J. Selection, “Memories of the World War”. ...Compiled by W. J. Stannard | | D THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY; AUGUST 1, 1930.. b an unjidentified woman was found early an automobile just before two machines Left: J. T. Davis, husband of Mrs. P James N. Mitchell, bus ticket seller in Baltimore, who the re- marks made by a bus passenger when he heard of the discovery of the wom- an’s body. MRS. WALTER JOHNSON DIES UNEXPECTEDLY IN WASHINGTON HOSPITAL (Continted From Pirst Page.) President and Mrs. Hoover announced that they would send a wreath from the White House. ‘Was Also an Athlete. ‘The devotion of Johnson and his wife was proverbial. She was the daughter of former Representative E. E. Roberts of Nevada, and was also an athlete. During her high school days at Carson City she captained the basket ball team that held the State championship for two_years. She liked base ball and first saw Johnson on the playing field. Those were the days when almost all that was needed for a Washington victory was the announcement that Waltet Johnson, “the Big Train,” would pitch. They were married June 14, 1914, and on that very day she saw the Philadelphia Ath- letics—the team which played in the Capital the day before she died—go down before her husband’s “fire ball.’ Johnson quit the Nationals in 1927 to become manager of the Newark Inter- nationals. He had been incapacitated b~ injuries during most of his last play- ing season. He went South with the Newark team in the Spring of 1928, but within a few weeks was back in Washington, 30 pounds underweight. He had influenza, and the after-efects left him in such a weakened condition it was months before he recovered. Returned Here in 1929. He took over the management of his old team, the Nationals, in*1920. The club floundered until near the close of the season. The biggest blow to Johnson was an injury several months ago to his oldest son, Walter, ir, 14, who was struck by an automobile. Both legs were broken, and it was thought for a time he might be_crippled for life. The long months of watching over the boy slowly sapped Mrs. Johnson's strength, and as her son grew stronger she grew weaker. There was no warn. ing, however, of the breakdown that came only a day or two ago. Death overtook Mrs. Johnson in the same hospital in which Walter, jr., made the spectacular fight for his life. With her was her husband, who had stood a lone vigil throughout the night. Walter, jr., the only other person who had been admitted to the room of the with the other children. his own watch having been ended by his father’s coun- sel last night. Younger Children Play. Today the Johnson home in Alta Vista, Md., is the mecca for sympa- thizing friends of the family. Walter himself is there in seclusion, while his younger children play about, still in ignorance of their mother's passing. Besides her husband and oldest son, Mrs. Johnson is survived by four other children, Edwin, 12; Robert, 8; Caro- line, 7, and Barbara, 4, and by her father, 'Judge Edwin Roberts of Nevada. A sixth child, Eleanor Johnson, the first daughter born to the couple, died in illness at the age of 2 years and 4 months in 1923 ‘This little girl is buried at Coffeyville, Kans., her fath- er's home. While complete arrangements _for Mrs. Johnson's funeral had not been made late this morning, it had been agreed tentatively that the services would be held at 11 o'clock Monday morning at the Alta Vista home. Burial will be in the Rockville Cemetery. Meanwhile the team, which has been fighting hard for victory under Wal ter's direction, was undertaking means of recognizing the grief of its chief. Confronted with a heavy game schedule through Sunday, the team's tilt with the New York Yankees on Monday, the day of the funeral, has been postponed. Three dances from “Henry VIIL” ‘German 1. Morris dance. 2. Shepherds’ dance. 3. Torch dance. The New York team agreed to this in a telephone conversation with Clark Griffith, president of the Washington club, this morning. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson met here in WHERE WOMAN’S BODY WAS FOUND ‘{ home ‘on the old Philadelp] stricken wife and mother, was at home | The spot on the old Philadelphia road out of Baltimore where the body of today. Two Washington youths are held for questioning in the case as the results of remarks made by a bus passenger.(and in view of their precautions of- In the photograph above is Mrs. Margaret Davis, who saw a woman get out of | ficials expected no trouble here. passed. TWO D. C. YOUTHS HELD IN PROBE OF MYSTERY DEATH (Continued From First Page.) said Casey leaned over his seat before | he got to Washington and said, “They'll be waiting for you boys when we get to town.” Casey was reluctant to discuss the | case this morning, although quite cer- |tain he had made no reference to a | “murder” in his versation on the previous night. nor ‘had heard anyone else mention the subject. Mrs. Margaret T. Da near whose hia_road the body was discovered, told the Baltimore police that she.was awakened by & noise last night sbout 11 o'clock and saw a woman get out of an automobile. * A'wo other machines passed while the | woman was standing in the road, Mrs. | Davis said, and then a third car came along. As it passed the woman, Mrs. Davis said, she heard two muffled thumps. But the third automobile, like the other tyo, kept on its way, she said. | _Then a fourth automobile drove up. | In" the beams of its headlights, Mrs. | Davis said, & man was standing in the roadway waving for the driver to stop. When the fourth machine slowed down, she heard the man in the road shout’ "0?' catch that new Ford, it struck e driver of the automobile sped away toward Baltimore. Woman and Auto Disappear. ‘The woman Mrs. Davis had seen in | the road had disappeared, and while Mrs, Davis turned away from the win- dow to arouse her husband the original automobile also disappeared. Mr. Davis got dressed and went out on the road. He called to his wife's brother, Henry Bolen, who lives about 50 yards beyond the Davis house. To- | gether in the darkness they looked | around the spot where the first auto- mobile had stopped. And presently, in | a shallow ditch between the edge of the road and & parched tomato patch they found a woman's body. Essex police, called to the Davis home, found that the woman's right leg was { bruised, that there were brush burns |on her left shoulder and some marks | about her throat. | Near the body they picked up a man’s | Light lavender shirt, its collar ripped off, | one sleeve torn out, and its bosom in | shreds. DEATH HELD ACCIDENTAL | Capital Man Absolved in Probe of | Great Lakes Drownings. | CHICAGO, August 1 (#).—A verdict |of death by accident was returned by | the coroner's jury today at the inquest | into the death of Miss Elizabeth Ayres, 18, who drowned in Lake Michigan two weeks ago in a boat crash. ‘The verdict absolved George M. Pul- mortgage broker, of Washington, D. C., owner of the yawl, which figured |in the accident. 1t had first been re- | ported that no lights were displayed by | the vawl, but testimony at the inquest indicated the proper lights Were burp- ng. | Secretary Hurley Returns to City. Secretary Hurley has returned to this city from his air flight to Fargo and Devils Lake, N. Dak., and resumed his duties at the Wi Department this morning. | The Washington base ball team was liv- | | ing at that time at the Dewey Hotel | also and the friendship between the | Representative's only daughter and the | | premier base ball pitcher of the world | developed rapidly. | The couple was married June 24, 1914, | at the Roberts’ new home at 1498 Mon- | Toe street in a quiet ceremony. Walter | then was 26 and his wife was 20 years | old. Following a brief honeymoon at Atlantic City, the Johnsons made their first home at 1840 Biltmore street. FATHER NEAR COLLAPSE. E. E. Roberts Wants Mrs. Buried in Reno. RENO, Nev, August 1 (#) —E. E. Roberts, father of Mrs. Walter Johnson, was on the verge of a collapse today after being advised of the death of his daughter in Washington. He telegraphed Walter Johnson ask- ing that the body be brought to Reno for burial beside Mrs. _Johnson's Johnson RED UTBREAKS N FRANCE AL Nation Calm, - With Police Alert and Only Few Strik- ers in Paris Out. By the Associated Press PARIS, August 1.—Communist mani- | festations throughout France advertised for today failed to deveiop. The min- istry of the interior reported that up to noonday all was calm. | In Paris only a few strikers, accord- ing to the police, walked out from factories. Taxicabs appeared on the | streets about as usual. The authorities | said about 30,000 workers were out in protest against the social msurnnco: law, but that there has been no change | in that-situation and no demonstra- | tions by those strikers. Police Are Prepared. ‘The police in practically all areas were prepared for eventualities. In Paris the battalions of municipal | gendarmes were reinforced by 2,000 | Republican Guards, both mounted and | afoot, who were posted at strategical | points, | ‘The police also got an early jump on the Reds by making nearly »200 “preventive arrests,” thereby locking up for the day those suspected as| trouble-makers. Among those arrested was_Florimond Bonte, managing editor of Humanite, Communist newspaper. Premier Tardieu forbade parades, meetings or interference with work, They | were less confident as to peace in the | northern industrial areas of the| country, where thousands are on strike. Spanish Police Ready. ‘The Spanish gevernment ordered po- lice and civil guards to be ready to check demonstrations and prevent the distribution of subversive literature. The police expected no_violence, since they said that Spain has few Com- munists, but they were alert because of the recent arrest of Communists in Paris charged -with planning a red movement in Spain. Budapest police yesterday arrested 44 leading Communists of the city as a | preventive measure. Elsewhere in | Europe today the authorities were watchful. In Moscow, whence came the order for the anti-war demonstrations, a big day was planned. The principal fea- ture of the campaign against war was the presentation of 52 instruments of war to the Red army. These were air- planes, bought by popular subscription and presented by the Soviet Volunteer Society for Aerial and Chemical De- fense “to frustrate the war aims of im- perialistic countries.” DRY FUND INCREASE OF $2,650,000 SEEN PROHIBITION NEED (Continued From First Page.) agencles engaged in the Federal war against illicit liquor would add to their personnel. Taking this into consideration, the administration plans to enlarge the bor- der patrols and the Coast Guard. It is estimated that the Prohibition Bureau and the Bureau of Industrial Alcohol would show finally 19,828 en- forcement officers, as compared with & total of 17,183 now in the services of all agencies. By way of comparison, the larger figure is more than a seventh as large as the entire Regular Army. Group leaders among the highly trained special agents of the enforce- ment unit met in conference with Woodcock today and further confer- ences were held by Dr. Doran and the inspectors of industrial alcohol. Sug- gestions for co-ordinating the two branches were discussed and Woodcock spoke in some detail of the responsi- bilities resting upon special agents. Responsibility Greater. The new director has intimated that the greater responsibility will be upon these men, who are to be charged with ferreting out the wholesale sellers and distributors of illicit liquor. It is this work, rather than acting against viola- tors of the prohibition laws, to which Woodcock has committed his greater effort. Authorization of an additional 500 field agents would enable the direc- tor to place these men among the 12 prohibition districts in the country. It was presumed that the Washington area, which is in the district for which R. Q. Merrick of Richmond, Va., is ad- ministrator, would be considered in this connection, but plans are so tentative at | this stage that no suggestion has been entertained as to location of additional agents. Mabel Walker Willebrandt, who until Tecently was assistant attorney general in charge of prohibition enforcement, entered the dry picture informally last night by entertaining Woodcock and his aides at dinner in her home. Woodcock and Mrs. Willebrandt are close friends and suggestions have been current that the new dry chief has drawn upon her experience in formu- lating his program of enforcement. Neither would iscuss the dinner party, however, indicating it was pure- | y & social affair. | Stumbles Running for Car. Mrs. Jane Cramer, 58 years old, of 118 Yuma street, stumbled while running for a street car at Thirteenth and F streets yesterday afternoon and suffered painful lacerations of the head. She was removed to Emergency Hospital for first-aid treatment. Do | sticks or two gun barrels. BEREAVED JOHNSON FAMILY CERTAINTY OF TEST | SHOWN BY GODDARD 1928 Speech Reveals Meth- ods in Ballistic Identifi- "cation Unerring. Col. Calvin Goddard, who ypester- day positively identified the bullets which killed Mary Baker as having. been discharged from a revolver owned by Herbert M. Campbell, lec- turing before the nineteenth annual convention of the Internatiomal Claim Association at the Chamber- lin-Vanderbilt Hotel, Old Point Com- fort, Va., September 11, 1928, gave the following enlightening talk on the subject of ballistics. BY COL. CALV GODDARD. The sclence of forensic ballistics, | which is the matter which I am here ! to discuss, is based upon the simple | fact that it is impossible to produce | two things exactly alike, either by man- | ual or mechanical means. This holds alike for two blades of grass, two match It holds as well for any other part of the firearm. | Two barrels made in succession on the | same machine with the same tools will | have microscopic differences = which | register on_the bullets fired through | them. - Each bullet through one barrel | will show certain characteristics; each | bullet through the next will show some- ! what different ones. Owing to this| happy fact it becomes possible for us, | given adequate equipment and experi- | ence, to determine by studying a fired bullet in comparison With a bullet fired | experimentally through an arm under suspicion, whether or not the first bul- let passed through that arm. Shells can be identified as well by reason Of the marks left on their primers by the firing pins, each of which differs from every other even though _made consecutively, and by certain other markings recorded on the primers when they recoil against the breach of the -arm at the moment of firing. We thus have two means of fastening upon any given gun the fact that it has or has not figured in some particular erime—namely, the exam- ination of the fatal bullet, the empty shell or both in case both are available. Tells of Experiment. These may sound like extravagant statements, but after the principles of the manufacture of a pistol barrel, a pistol firing pin or a pistol breach have been graphically portrayed to you, I feel sure you will be convinced that they are based upon fact and not upon fancy. To demonstrate the fact bar- rels made in succession with the same tools do differ. I made an experiment when on duty at the Springfield Arm- ory in 1926, This involved the manu- facture of six barrels in succession on the same machines, four upon one ma- chine and two upon the adjoining. When completed, these were assembled into pistols, fired by another officer, and the fired bullets caught in cotton waste and recovered. Two bullets were fired through each barrel and their bases marked with identifying numerals which signified to the officer marking them, but to no one else, which barrel had fired each. The 12 bullets were given to me and I returned them to the officer firing them, matched into six pairs according to the six barrels through which they had passed, re- ceiving from him his afidavit to the effect that I had identified them cor- rectly. Since new barrels have not ac- quired the individual characteristics which those long in use possess, it is evident Lhn(fi I;:"s i; atbokut as severe a s coule undertaken. hes;pl." from identifying a bullet to a given arm, we can, when presented with a fired bullet of unknown origin, identify the make of the arm which fired it by a study of the groove marks left upon it by the barrel through which it passed. No two arms makers employ rifling of the same character- istics, hence if we are familiar with the types of rifling marks left by bar- rels nr different makes, we can, by & process of elimination, throw out all} the makes save the particular one through which a certain unknown bul- let has passed. A further step in identification con- sists in determining the marker of any unknown fired bullet. This can-be ac- complished by reason of the fact that no two manufacturing companies pro- duce bullets of the same caliber and type exactly alike. By having on hand a reference collection of unfired bullets in every caliber and type by every known maker we are able to ascertain by another process of elimination the make of any unknown bullet submitted for_study. Other information which we can secure is made possible by the use of an instrument which we call a helix- ometer, & tiny periscope WRICn We Inser; into a gun barrel to tell us whether it has been fired since it was last cleaned; if so, whether it was fired with black or smokeless powder and approximately how long ago it was fired. Still further interesting data may be uncovered by a study of unburned powder grains re- moved from the body or clothing of & person shot at close range. These grains differ in physicial appearance according to their manufacture, and in this way a single grain of powder may prove, when its make is ascertained, of considerable use in forging a chain of circumstantial evidence. Accurate bullet and shell identifica- tion was only made possible in 1925 by the adaptation of the comparison microscope to the work by Mr. D. O. Gravelle of South Orange, N. J. Prior to that time, although many so-called experts existed, bullet identification was pretty much a hit and miss affair. In support of my rather dogmatic state- ment on this point you may be interested to know that the Bureau of Standards at Washington has gone on record to the effect that satisfactory bullet identifica- tion can only be accomplished with the use of a comparison microscope. l | HOW GODDARD TESTED BAKER BULLETS Col. Calvin H. Goddard, who yesterday tested and declared that the bullets taken from Mary Baker's body' were fired from the gun owned by Herbert M. |from the room by two policemen, who Campbell, demonstrating the method he devised of firing bullets into a basket of | 5top) This protects them from contact with harder substances and waste. preserves the marks made by the rifiing of the gun barrel. GODDARD SAYS CAMPBELL GUN KILLED MARY BAKER International Authority on Firearms . Reaches Decision Quickly and With Little Difficulty BY REX COLLIER, Btaft Correspondent of The Star. CHICAGO, August 1.—Col. Calvin H. Goddard, rofessor of forensic ballistics of Northwestern University, agrees with Dr. Wilmer Souder, Govern- ment scientist, that the bullets which killed Mary Baker came from the gun turned over to police by Herbert M. Campbell, Arlington County realty dealer, charged with the slaying Col. Goddard, who is recognized as an international authority on firearms identification, had little difficulty in reaching his decision. He found upon the fatal lead slugs, as greatly enlarged under a special microscope, certain stria- tions or “fingerprints” which he is positive could have been made b in the world other than the .32-caliber revolver owned by Campbell no weapon i Lengthy Report to Be Brought Here. A lengthy typewritten report of these findings and a set of microscopically magnified photographs of the telltale markings are in the hands of Department of Justice agents and will be taken to Washington immediately. Goddard will go to the Capital to explain his findings, if and When re- uested. Dr. Goddard, in an interview granted on completion of his tests yesterday afternoon, declined to announce his verdict, but hinted that he was in accord with Dr. Souder. Col. Goddard talked freely for more than an hour regarding his laboratory and technique employed there, but his only comment concerning the Baker case Souder is & scientist of note. his ability as a ballistic expert.” I have the most profound respect for Used New Crime Laboratory. The University expert conducted his studies of Campbell's gun and the fatal bullets in the university’s new scientific crime detection laboratory, over- looking Lake Shore drive. Special Agent Samuel W. Hardy of the Bureau of In- vestigation, Department of Justice, and Agent R. J. Connolly, in charge of the Chicago office of the bureau, were con- stant observers during the intricate ex- amination. Hardy brought the revolver and bullets from Washington, and will return with them, Col. Goddard completed his micro- scopic study of the objects in less than half a day. He began his examination early yesterday morning, and started dictating his report to the Department of Justice early in the gfternoon, with- out taking time off for lunch. The re- port covered two closely typed pages. Test Is Held Easy. When the correspondent expressed surprise at the dispatch with which the tests had been completed, Col. Goddard sald: “There was nothing difficuls abou> this ex: ‘com] tw some cases I have had. A stubborn case sometimes requires several days of in- tensive study. Fortunately, the bullets in the Baker case were in fairly good candition, and this made the work a lot easier.” Col. Goddard appeared in good hu- mor over his findings. fully aware of the momentous nature of his assignment, on the outcome of which hung the future status of a man accused of murder. A negative finding would have freed Campbell and put a serious crimp in the art of gun identifi- cation. Took Great Pains, Appreciating the gravity of the pres- ent test, the Reserve Army ordnance of- ficer took great pains to avold the pos- sibility of an error in his findings. He went about his job studiously and un- hurriedly, and the fact that so little time was consumed in arriving at a con- clusion is indicative of the positive character of the bullet markings. Goddard, a tall, heavy-set man with genial countenance, but eyes that seem capable of penetration without the aid of microscopes, went about his work with coat off and sleeves rolled to the elbows. He conducted the major part of his studies in his private office—a small room cluttered with microscopes, micrometers, guns, ammunition and pic- tures of weapons, bullets and criminals in celebrated cases. Fires Test Bullets. The criminologist began by taking Campbell's revolver and firing several test bullets into a deep receptacle of cotton waste. The bullets were reco ered from the depths of the packing after considerable probing with the fingers. One of these test bullets was placed on an adjustable standard beneath the lens of one “leg” of the peculiar two- legged microscope used by Goddard, Dr. Souder and other students of ballistics, The microscope was devised by one of Goddard’s former associates, Philip Gravelle of South Orange, N. J. . Beneath the lens of the other “leg” was placed one of the two bullets found in the body of Mary Baker. The micro- scope was moved close to & window. The instrument rested on a small bench on the floor, s0 that the colonel could lean over in his chair and glue his eye to the single aperture at the top, . Prisms Join Slugs. arefully, the expert adjusted the two bullets under the lenses until they seemed to merge into a single projectile, of the test bullet liusion was made possible by a system of mirrors and Prisms. Then the Baker bullet was revolved slowly until the rifling grooves fitted exactly the groove on the test bullet, The mere coinc! dence of the grooves was not enough, however. Between the rifling grooves of every bullet there are tiny striations or scratches peculiar to the gun which fired it. According to Col. Goddard, no two guns possibly can leave similar He had been | then the ballistic expert claims there can be no doubt that both bullets were fired from the same barrel. “It is not necessary that all of these scratches merge,” Col. Goddard ex- plained. “Sometimes it happens that two bullets fired from the same gun do not tally with respect to all the lines under comparison. That is because the first bullet left behind it in the barrel of the gun small particles of lead, which smeared or obliterated certain of the scratches on the second bullet. No Set Rule for Study. “There is no set rule that can be ad- hered to. Each case must be studied individually. The expert is not fooled by these discrepancies, however. If a sufficient number of the lines coincide he knows the bullets had the same n. “‘Gun and bullet identification no longer is a matter of an expert's opin- fon. It is a science as dependable in criminology as Bertillon measurements and finger printing. The ballistic ex- pert supports his findings nowadays with photographic plates that show facts as they are. Any intelligent lay- man can see for himself what the microscope reveals to the examiner.” Demonstrates Use. Col. Goddard demonstrated the use of his microscope for the benefit of The Star’s correspondent. He took from the drawer of his desk one of a number of pill boxes containing fatal and test bul- lets, removed the two lead objects and placed them under the lenses. “See those curving grooves?” ne said. “You will notice the grooves fit quite well. But the little lines in between do not match each other at all. Thut is because we have the wrong groves end to end. Now I'll turn this bullet around until the correct groove comes up. There you are. See how beauti- fully those striations on the test buliet coincide with those on the fatal buliet? That bullet killed a man, and those little lines pointed the way to capture of the murderer.” Looks at Inside of Barrel. The expert was asked what caused the scratches. For an answer he took & revolver barrel, inserted it in a de- vice resembling somewhat a small lathe, and shoved into the barrel a long, nar- Tow tube, fitted with an eyeplece. “Take 'a_look in there,” the profes- sor said. The reporter looked into the eyepiece and was amazed to see a great- ly enlarged and electrically lightedinter- lor view of the barrel. The rifling grooves, rust marks, scratches and other blem- ishes easily were distinguishable. The long tube contained at the other end & miniature electric bulb and a pow- erful microscope lens. The barrel could be rotated and moved longitudi- nally, so that every part of the interior could be scrutinized. “Those marks on the barrel,” God- dard explained, “show you why no two guns possibly can be exactly identical. Every stroke of the rifling tool leaves a different impression on the barrel. Several years ago I had six guns made at the Springfield Arsenal and they were supposed to be absolutely alike. Four of the barrels were made on_the same machine and two on another. Bul- lets were fired from each of the bar- rels and secretly marked so that a dis- interested party could tell from which gun each was shot. . °n the bullets and guns were scramble.. up and given to me. for study. Check Proved He Was Right. “Under the microscope it was an easy matter to unscramble them, and I soon had each bullet laid beside the barrel from which it had emerged. A check of the secret marks by the referee showed that I had identified the bul- lets correctly. Similarly convincing tests have been made by other authori- ties, including Dr. Souder. Gun-and- bullet identification is not a hit-and- ICAPBELL TOFACE. JURY N DISTRIT Defendant’s Counsel Seeks Writ of Habeas Corpus in Virginia Court. | __ (Continued From First Page) | question to Campbell from 9 o'clock last night until 2 o'clock this morning. Campbell had insisted prior to last |night that Maj. Goddard would dis- | agree with Dr. Souder and Lieut. Fow- |ler, ooth of whom had decided, after {minute examination, that the sluxs | which killed Miss Baker had been fired from Campbell’s gun. | The prisoner still contended that | there was some mistake after being con- fronted with Goddard's statement. He reiterated that the weapon had Te- | mained in his possession constantly for |many months. He remained calm as he was plied with question after question. Shortly after Gloth received informa- tion from The Star last night that Col. Goddard had agreed with the reports of Dr. Souder and Lieut. Fowler he began to question Campbell again. Took Coffee to Campbell. From 10 o'clock until midnight Camp- bell was subjected to a never-ceasing flow of questions by Gloth, Sheriff Howard B. Fields, Lieut. Kelly and De- tectives Flaherty and Talley. At midnight Gloth, Kelly znd Fields emerged from the room to refresh themselves with coffee and sandwiches and when they were through, “eturned to the room while Flaherty and Talley ate their lunch.- Campbeil was®taken a single cup of coffee. After this, they all returned to the room, where they remained until 2:30 o'clock. When the authoritiés decided to cease their efforts, Campbell was led d for a moment. -During this brief period Campbell was asked by newspaper men how he felt and replied bk Following the questioning, the in- vestigators announced that Campbell had not altered his story in any way, that he expressed surprise at the fin ings of Col. Goddard and that he stated he was not worried. Brother Comes to Defense. Again coming to the defense of his brother, Frank G. Campbell, patent attorney, today issued a statement in which he claims that he -has been informed, “upon good authority,” that Dr. Souder’s report wes to_the effect that the pistol examined by him “could have been the gun” and that Col. God- dard's report will merely confirm the findings of Dr. Souder. “If this ‘could have been the gun,’” Campbell says, “then so could a thou- sand others. We know the soundness of our position. We are not at all dis- turbed over the outcome. However, this whole business makes me wonder what would happen to an innocent man who did not happen to have any friends out of jail to work for him.” When informed of Campbell’s state- ment, Kelly replied that the identifica- | tion of the gun by Dr. Souder had been {a positive one. Dr. Souder himself, while refuging to reveal the direct result of his examination, stated that Col. Goddard’s_report would be complete | within itself and would not be confined merely to & confirmation of the former's report. he is extremely reticent, except when talking with properly vouched-for per- sons who manifest serious interest in his work. It was necessary for this correspondent to arrange with Coroner Herman N. Bundeson of Chicago for an interview with Goddard. Dr. Bunde- son explained that Col. Goddard has placed the matter of publicity in the coroner's hands, with & view of avoid- ing unnecessary publicity. Dr. Bunde- son brought Dr. Goddard to Chicago at the time of the St. Valentine day massacre inquiry and took a leading vart in the movement to retain the expert as a professor of eriminology at Northwestern University. ‘Won Reputation on Hard Cases. Goddard's ‘present reputation arises from his remarkable achievements in such notable cases as the Hall-Mills mystery, the Sacco-Vanzetti murder case, the Clark street massacre and, more lately, the Jake Lingle shooting. His services also have been used in sev- eral murder cases in Washington. Col. Goddard is well acquainted in Wash- ington, having lived there at various times during his Army career. His home is in Richmond, Va. The criminological clinic of whisk Goddard is managing director is pau- terned after some of the crime lab- oratories in Europe. It is the first ac- credited institution of its kind In America. Prof. Goddard escorted the corre- spondent to all units of the laboratory, introduced him to the various scientists composing the staff and explained in detail the processes employed. He took particular pride in pointing out the novel indoor firearms range, where guns are tested for their firing characteristics; the arsenal or gun museum, containing more than a thousand different makes and types of firearms, both modern and ancient; the ammunition room, stacked with shells and bullets of every caliber and design, and the photographic studio, where per- manent records are made of micro- scoplc findings. Laboratory Is Guarded Carefully. ‘The laboratory is elaborately wired with burglar alarms and the arsenal is_doubly protected with a system of criss-cross wiring that literally covers the doors, windows and walls, so that no intruder could hope to chisel his way into the room without detection. Col. Goddard also took his visitor to the chemical laboratory, where Dr. Clarence W. Muehlbergher, toxicologist, was engaged in medico-legal researches. A large rat scampered across the floor of the laboratory as the door was opened and Dr. Muehlbergher smilingly explained that the rodent was a pet used in experiments with poisons. ‘The correspondent also was permit- ted to meet Inspector Ferdinand Watzék. Viennese criminologist, whose; extraordinary attainments in the art; of moulage, or use of plaster casts in making permanent records of fatai wounds, handprints, tireprints and the like, have gained him international prestige. Inspector Watzek was pute: ting the final touches of color to & cast of a man's hand so lifelike as to be ghoulish. The inspector was a mem- ber of the jury of scientists which decided the Watkins and Bamberger bables had not been mixed and he showed fingerprints of the infants in explanation of his work on that case. Lie Detector Inventor Attenéa Col. Goddard introduced Levgarue Keeler, youthful developer and cx= ponent of the “lie detector,” an instru- ment which Col. Goddard regards as of vast potential importance in the bat- tle of science versus crime. Keeler claims his strange instrument records blood pressure and respiratory varia- tions of a suspect under gquestioning, and, when properly used, its depend- ability as a detector of deception is beyond doubt. Col. Goddard knew in general the de- velopments in the Mary Baker case from newspaper accounts published here, but he asked the correspondent to go over the whole mystery in detail. Goddard listened attentively to the step~ by-step account of the Capital’s strang- est murder puzzle, now and then inter- rupting to ask a question concerning some particular point that was not clear. o “That sounds like a real mystery story,” the professor remarked, with a [ mother, who died here in 1926. Walter Johnson, manager of the Washington Nationals, and his five children, | scratches on bullets, because it is im- Roberts, former Nevada Representa- | left motherless by the sudden death of Mrs. Johnson early today. Left to right in | possible to rifie two guns exactly alike. tive, gr m&y.or of fino and is & m.ngl- muhcwmn’.m Joan uullmbu. In 'p'uk: Eddie and Wnlu'r. y‘.‘.w;:: ux{fi:mmfngu}uro runnhu"lc';nhwtu 0 Ew\l can nomination for photograph was made several years ago- Waller was for et coincide a a\?mot evada. ' time Barbara Joan, who was only one week old, slug, 1913 when the then Miss Roberts was living at the Dewey Hotel with her father, who had come to the Capital as a member of the House of ta- tives from Nevada two -years before. Symphonic prelude, “The Tower of ‘(Conducted by Mr. Thomas F. Darcy.) émc%cmugo Tribune”. ., Chambers " Star Spangled Banner.” miss proposition, It is an exact science | shake of his head. The latent traits of that is proving of inestimable value in| the criminologist burst their bounds society’s war on e.” and he added, eagerly: “Yes, sir, that Col. ard is not by nature of a real case ,and I hope I can be boastful disposition. On the contrary, some service in solving it.” s of 1 Photo. way point with those on the fatal \