Evening Star Newspaper, June 25, 1930, Page 16

SOENTITS STUDY | MO PERE ESignificant Piscoveries of Psychological and Sociolog- Ical Relations Are Revealed. | BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Discoveries of psychological and so- clological relations of fundamental sig- nificance are resulting from a co-opera- | tive study by the Washington Child ‘Research Center and tne University ot Virginia, based on the extraordinarily primitive conditions among_the people of Corbin Hollow, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Madison County, Va., it was revealed tod Dr. Mandel Sher- man of the Washington institution. Soon after the Corbin Hollow situa- tion was revealed by The Star last Sum- mer the little scattering of hovels, with their _tobacco-chewing children, at-| tracted the attention of social scientists. | The present study, which began last| Fall, consists of a microscopic compari- | son of these mountaiheers and popula- ticas of approximately the same| heredity in the same general locality, but at different culture levels. It soon | arranged itself, Dr. Sherman says, in a series of “step-ups.” First, the scien- | tists made an intensive study of the intellectual and cultural conditions in Corbin Hollow itself. Then the same methods were used in three nearby mountain_communities—one at the end of a rough trail into the lowlands, one at the end of a better trafl, passable for | automobiles and with a general store and church. and one practically at the foot of the mountains, where the peopie | could get out without difficulty. The| last “step-up” was a lowland village.at | the foot of the mountains, with a hard- surfaced road passing .through it, a | scentifically administered modern school and a church. | | Reach Valid Conclusions. | Mr. and Mrs. William H. Albee, Car- mel, Calif., who chose for their honey- moon a dangerous trip through the Alaskan ‘wilds from Fairbanks to Daw- son, have disappeared. —Associated Press Photo. At all these levels studies were made . of general intelligence, physical devel- opment, moral and cultural ideas, re- ligion and social relationships. These “studies still are in progress, but enough *has been learned, Dr. Sherman sa: for some valid, general conclusio Miss Miriam Sizer, University of Vir- ginia graduate, who conducted a school in Corbin Hollow list Summer, was employed as field agent. with funds furnished by the American Home Eco- nomics Association, and has spent the Winter and Spring in the mountains. The most striking of the discoveries, Dr. Sherman pointed out, is that there | is a decided, positive relation between culture levels and intelligence as shown | by standard psychological tests; that is, the scores increase as a population of | the same stock shades outward from a | nucleus of almost complete isolation to | almost complete contact with the modern | world. This_does not mean, he said, | that the intelligence improves with the improvement of school facilities directly, | sirice the improved schools are the re- sult rather than the fundamental cause of the higher culture level. Once tablished, however, the schools are an | essential factor in raising the level| still higher. The Degree for Comparison. ‘The essential cause he believes to be | the creation of “conflicts” in the mind. | As the est culture level, Corbin | Hollow, fhe isolated people have prac- | tically no other degree of culture to | compare themselves with. Consequently, despite the direst poverty and physical hardship, they do not desire anything, | have nothing to strive for, practically no moral ideas, and no envy of people | in more comfortable situations. They | are happy in their ignorance; never | exert themselves, because they know of almost nothing to exert themselves for; have only the barest traces of either superstition or religion, and never ex- perience nervous strain or insanity. The hollow at the end of the trail, | whose people come into more frequens | contract with civilization, shows more dissatisfaction with life, more striving to better their condition, crude forms of religious belief and aspiration, and consequently a higher intelligence, as shown by tests, since they have an in- | have to go hungry. Here there is a | decided physical betterment. | community has plenty of foo THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25, 1930. centive to be intelligent. | ‘The community of the third “step- up” has a much more constant com- | munication with the outside world, and there is much more ambition, envy, dis- satisfaction and striving, accompanied by a notable increase in the intelligence level. Concepts of reward and punish- ment have developed, and as a result of these ideas of a hell and heaven. The curve of religious development has risen | from zero in the base community to extreme hell-fire and golden-city preach- ing. Morals have risen from the level of unmorality, with no dualism of good and evil, to the point where there are/ painful conflicts between desires and | conscience. The lowland village, with its hard-surfaced road and excellent school, in the heart of civilization, shows intelligence, ethnical concepts and social relations an a par with those of the general American rural popula- tion. The people appear to have plenty of “conflicts” in an endless chain, and are exercising their brains to improve | their conditions. Culture Develops Conflict. “This study seems to show decidedly.” | said Dr. Sherman, “that conflict de- | velops in_proportion to increase in com- plexity of culture and contact with the various higher levels of civilization, and that it acts as & spur to mental gym- nastics, resulting in_higher intelligence, | better capacity to form abstract ideas| and better living conditions. In other words, we define intelligence in terms of the civilization we know, and it be-y comes less and less the farther we get front the environment of that civiliza- tion.” The physical conditions, he said, show a curlous curve, varying with the diet. In the basic community the food supply | seems barely suffilent to keep the people | alive, and is extremely restricted. The| next “step-up” shows a bare sufficiency | of rough food, but the people never The next includ- T0 STOP ITCHING QUICK use cool, invisible Zemo! Millions depend on cooling Zemo to banish Summer skin troubles. For 20 vears this safe, invisible anti- septic has relieved the heat and pain of sunburn. It soothes rashes and ivy-poisoning, brings relief to itching, | peeling toes. See how stubborn pimples and blemishes disappeat. Thousands say it has hanished dan- druff. Healing Zemo liquid is won- derfully soothing aiter a shave. Any druggist. 33c, 60c, $1.00. FOR SKIN IRRITATIONS WORKMEN OF WELDIT CO. WELDING THE TAIL ON BUFFALO, AT QST BRIDGE, —DR-A-BEAR. WHEN IT COMES T0 WELD- IN6.WE ARE THERE. 1,000 years ago a man who could cut apart or WELD together iron in the manner we do would have been called a devil’s imp and perhaps stoned to death. Whether a devil or angel today we loudly shout, “Come on with your broken metals and let ‘us save your dollars by WELDING them.” Weldit Co., 516 First St. N.W. Metropolitan 2416 Now—The Genuine Kelly-Springfield Tires Reduced Another Good Reason Why You Should il Change to KELLYS! —If you have been thinking of switching to the famous Kelly Tires, here is your chance to get them at the price of ordi- nary makes! It all ‘the time, an going on a long motor trip. Tires are— ays to buy quality tires particularly if you are All Kelly -GUARANTEED h’ red foods obtained from out- side. physical condition, says Mr. Sherman, drops again, although still far above the level of Corbin Hollow. Something appears to have been taken out of the plentiful food that makes m less adequate than the barely sufficient rough food. The students have been able to trace | a constant relation between the cu.\-“ ture level and the stability of industry, | work becoming more systematic from | one step to the next. Attitudes toward | strangers change from passive accept- ance to suspicion, to ordinary hospi- | tality. The family system changes| step by step from the primitive patri-| archy of Corbin Hollow to equal part- nership of husband, wife and grown children in the lowland village. Dr. Sherman was particularly inter- ested in the curve of capacity for form- ing abstract ideas from one culture level to the next, including ideas of time. space, forms of things, ability of a per- son to visualize something not immedi- | ately before him, concepts of super- natural beings and relationships. In Corbin Hollow these were practically non-existent. Abstractions increased in relation to cuiture and the existence of “conflicts.” Children Given Drawing Test. One of the experiments was to ask| the children of the different communi- ties to draw pictures of “a man.” Re- markable differences were shown from the culture level where the children could form only a very crude abstract idea of a “man,” but thought only in terms of particular individuals, to the level where “man” was a familiar eon- 183 EVENTY-FIPTH Color for the bathroam Nef only color, but any improvement in plumbing and heating is yours with virtually no capital outlay under the Crane Budget shower. Attentionless hot water. Anything. See the materials at Crane Exhibit Rooms. Buy from a Crane Qualified Contractor-Dealer. He will make the installation before you pay a cent. Then pay onLY 10% pownN the rest monthly under the CRANE BUDGET PLAN CRANE cept without individual. “The data on hand indicates” Sherman sald, “that such things taboos, su] parabola gh culture levels. Con- | flicts are required to bring the intelli- | gence to the point where it can form | the abstractions necessary for supersti- | tions. . All emotional things seem to| exist only where there is enough intelli- | gence to form concepts, but not mnough | for reasoning or judgment. They reach | their highest point on the curve, and then start to drop as reasoning and ;Ab‘NVfl/ PILEJ 6¢ONE Be relleved of painful. agonsi | g successfully us by “thousands. s you stantly. . ays or money back.’ Rigidly guaranteed to Telieve blind; bleeding. iching or pro; truding . §1 at'all Peoples and other good drug stores. or.| as | ANNIVERSARY - Plan. A built-in tub. A Gl particular relation to any | judgment begin to developed capacity stractions.” itions, etc., move in a|those who have taken PLUMBING AND HEATING MATERIALS CRANE CoO. 1225 Eye Cemsult @ registered or or heating contractor . N.W. Exhibit Rooms—1018 Conm. Ave. N.W. 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