Evening Star Newspaper, May 5, 1930, Page 8

{THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Fdition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY . «..May 5, 1030 THEODORE W. NOYES. ...Editor The Evening Star N 1 per Company { ¥enmuriiinie dre,, twl di '&l‘ . ot R Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 7. Y B A Assoclated Press i exc] o the use for republication of o8 credited to it or not 0 the local ne Britain Moves in India. The inevitable has at length ensued in Indla. Gandhi has been jailed. Striking with complete unexpectedness, following a week of relative tranquilMty, the British authorities arrested the Mahatma at Jalalpur yesterday. Under & century-old Indian sedition law, “the holy one” will remain in captivity with- out trial at the pleasure of the govern- ment—an indeterminate sentence of im- prisonment. Gandhi thus, exactly a month after he insugurated his dramatic campaign of civil disobedience by defying the salt laws, has achieved what he doubtless considers the crown of martyrdom. That #t would be clamped down upon him sooner or later he could never have doubted. His counsel against violence in the fight for independence was «doomed to fall on many deaf ears among the Hindu masses whom Gandhi has so effectively propagandized. The ines- capable effect of his gospel was a cumu- latively sullen spirit of resentment and Tevenge, bound on slight provocation to burst forth into flaming revoit. Reading sure signs of such a catas- trophe in the recent riots at Calcutta, Karachi, Chittagong and Peshawar, Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India, has decided to strike boldly at the inde- pendence movement by incarcerating considering the steady increase in the District's tax burden since 1924, to be taken without a careful and exhaustive study to determine anew the conditions that exist today. The last serious attempt to picture the District’s tax burden in relation to those of other cities was made the basis of a special report on fiscal relations between the District and the Federal government by the Bureau of Efficiency last year at the request of the House. The results of this survey sustained, when analyzed, the contentions of the District for financial equity. While the District's tax rate is comparatively low, its assessment standards are corre- spondingly high. The House hearings on the 1030 bill developed the fact— already known—that assessments here are higher, in relation to the real value, than those of almost any other city in the United States. If there is any city with higher assessment standards, it has not been mentioned. Of the Bureau of Efficiency’s fourteen comparable cities studied in its report not one has as low a tax rate as Washington and not one as high a per capita tax assessment of real property. The relatively low tax rate and the relatively high assessment standards to- | gether give Washington a tax burden that is adequate from every poimt of view, and, in consideration of the pe- culiar disabilities under which the Dis- trict labors, its tax burden is much harder to bear than that of the com- parable American city. Only a fraction of Washington is as- sessed and taxed, and this fraction-is decreased by every million dollars spent by the Federal Government in acquiring land for its great new building projects. Its tax exempt fraction contains the plants of its greatest industry—the Federal Government. The assessment value of Washington should, therefore, be relatively low among citles of its size. As a matter of fact, as shown by the Bureau of Effi- clency report, Washington heads the 1ist among cities of its own size; equals or surpasses that of many larger, richer citles. The fraction of Washington's taxable area exceeds in assessed value, according’ to the Efficiency Bureau's findings, the great industrial city of St. Louis. It exceeds in value the taxables of Newark and New Orleans combined— of Minneapolis, New Orleans and In- dianapolis combined. Eliminating from consideration inter- est payments on debts, representing the expenditures in the past of proceeds of loans which Washington has not en- joyed, and State taxes, the benefits from which Washington does not receive, and the man who personifies it. Lord Irwin unquestionably has a free hand, as far as the home government at Lon- don is concerned. Gandhi now knows that any hopes of leniency which he may have cherished, because of the Labor cabinet's “anti-imperialist” character, are misplaced. The firm policy which has traditionally marked British rule in India is to be main- tained. Gandhi and his followers had little right to anticipate encouragement from the present regime at London. More than six years ago, and on the eve of his first premiership, Mr. Ramsay Mac- donald warned the progressive elements in India against exaggerated expecta- tions. “No party in Great Britain,” he said in a message addressed to the inde- pendence group, “will be cowed by threats of force or by policies designed to bring government to a standstill. If any Indian sections are under the de- lusion that this is not so, events will very sadly disappoint them.” Developments have conspired rapidly to cause the second Labor government to vindicate this unambiguous admoni- tiori by Macdonald. Time will show, and probably show rapldly, whether the program of stern repression which Gandhi's arrest betokens is destined to be effective or provocative. What it immediately and unmistakably indicates is Great Britain's unterrified determi- nation to nip the Mahatma's independ- ence grusade in the bud. The British are not so foolish as to believe that Gandhi’s arrest means the collapse of his campaign. But its fomenters can no longer labor under any uncertainty that it has limits beyond which John Bull will not permit it to go. —ee ‘There is manifest hesitation about a debenture system which might require the farmer to become an expert ac- countant as well as a competent agri- culturist. —_——— No crime mystery can last forever. Each is compelled to retire from at- tention in order to make way for an- ———— Tlinols has undertaken a large order in trying to settle prohibition and the League of Nations question both at once. ——— The District’s Tax Burden. Leaving aside the question of fair dealing, involving consideration of un- Tepealed substant've law and under it the tangible obligations of the Federal Government to Capital maintenance, the Senate should uphold the recom- mendations of its appropriations com- mittee and increase the lump sum to $12,000,000 on the ground of practical necessity alone. ‘This necessity is clearly indicated by Auditor Donovan in his able analysis of the District’s financial situation, appear- ing on pages 77-79 and 230-31 of the Senate hearings on the 1931 bill and discussed again Saturday night before | the Federation of Citizens’ Associations. Mr. Donovan shows that were it not for the District’s surplus, the 1931 bill as passed by the House would require— when the pending police and firemen’s pay bill and the deficiency and supple- exceed revenue availability, the latter must be increased. This the Scnate ap- propriations committee has wisely de- eided to do by increasing the lump sum. ‘The only other alternative, put for- ‘ward by those who refuse to consider the facts or the equities involved, increase in the tax rate. The tax should not be increased. The rea- it should not be increased are on the inescapable fact that the tax burden, either in compari- with the tax burdens of other or studied in its application to unique city alone, is already too vy, and to make it heavier is obvi- unjust; certainly an increase in tax burden i $00 radical & step, excluding entirely from calculation the United States as a taxpayer or property holder, the District's per capita tax burden—all city and county taxes in- cluded—was shown to be $43.190 in comparison with that of Cleveland, $46.582; St. Louls, $36.483; Baltimore, $31.736; Boston, $78.810; Pittsburgh, $54.658; Buffalo, $51.653; Milwaukee, $40.852; Newark, $48.204; Minneapolis, $40.589; New Orleans, $32.257; Cinein- nati, $53.162; Indianapolis, $40.021; Rochester, $45.232; Jersey City, 44.891. And including the United States as a municipal taxpayer, paying $7,440,739 a on an assessed valuation of $501,- 493,975, the per capita tax burden of the District, agrived at as above, amounts to $55.983, exceeding that of every one of the fourteen citles except Boston. Its per capita is 76 per cent higher than that of Baltimore. ‘The per capita tax burden, already large, should not be increased. The lump sum payment, proportionately small, should be increased in accordance with the appropriations committee's |’ recommendations. o It is the age of pictures. Science de- pends on the camera for astronomical research and for plain, indisputable records of polar expeditions. The beauty contest, though a conspicuous part of the photographer's work, is relatively unimportant. —— e Any telephone subscriber inclined to be irritable about the service is mow confronted with a dial, which under no circumstances talks back. The Economists’ Warning. The economists—1,028 of them—have signed a round-robin urging President Hoover to veto the pending tariff bill if it ever comes to him. They take the position that it imposes rates en- tirely too high; that it will raise the cost of living, damage export trade and bring about bitterness in international lations. How many American business men, engaged in manufacturing, in the prodyction of the thousands of articles that go into the every-day life of the American citizen, would sign the same kind of a petition? How many of the farmers who give thought to the ques- tien of the tariff would ask the Presi- dent to veto the bill, which contains higher protective rates on agricultural products than any other tariff law ever enacted? It would be interesting to know. But judging from the demands made upon the ways and means com- mittee of the House, the finance com- mittee of the Senate and the House and Senate themselves, the business men and the farmers do not feel the same way as the economists about this legis- lation. The protective tariff system has never been popular with a great many professional economists. ‘They have predicted dire results from the estab- lishment of & tariff wall for years. Yet the United States, American business and American labor have thriven under this system, until the old demand for free trade, upheld by the Democratic party for a long time, has been aban- doned. Perhaps the storm which has been predicted by the economists of other years is now about to break over this country. If so, there will be a re- crudescence of the old free trade theory with political backing. Despite the warnings of the economists, however, the country does not appear yet to be willing to cast down fhe system under which it has made remarkable advance- ment in a very short span of years. Always there has been the cry that the cost of living would be increased by the protective tariff. The fear that the American export trade would suffer because of the tariff has been expressed 50 many times in the past that many people look upon the warning as & mere gesture. Threats of international il will because of the tariff have not been lacking. It is possible that Americans have become unwisely blind to these warnings of the economists. They have heard the. “wolf, wolf” cry so often that they are not now impressed by it. The protectiye system i here to stay fant public resentment. ‘There are more predictions that it will ald business and the American people than there are predictions that it will harm them. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. If the bill fails now, what will the farmers, who have been promised higher protective rates on their products, have to say? George Washington Memorial. Some years ago Congress authorised the use of a section of the Mall be- tween Sixth and Seventh streets as a site for a George Washington Memorial Building, projected by a patriotic or- ganization. A sufficient sum was raised by public subscription to construct on this site a foundation for the proposed structure. The foundation was bullt and there it now lies intact but useless. | In the confusion and readjustment after the war it became uncertain whether sufficient funds could be raised by public contribution to warrant the un- dertaking of the full construction and the project was suspended. Now it is proposed that the Government should undertake part of the cost of this build- ing, which is to be of a public character, and a bill is pending before the Senate to that effect, authorizing the appro- priation of $5,000,000 toward the con- struction. Mrs. Henry F. Dimock, who has from the beginning been at the head of the association and has de- voted her time, her energies and her means unstintedly for its promotion, has just appeared before the Senate public buildings committee in behalf of the measure, assuring the committee that if this appropriation should be made the remainder of the $9,000,000 estimated as the cost of the building will be surely raised by subscription. This building should be regarded as one of the public structure units of the Capital. It is designed to serve a prac- tical and a patriotic purpose, to provide adequate auditorium facilities. It may on the basis of the existing foundation be erected with a seating capacity in the main chamber of 7,000 or 11,000, according to specific plans. There is now no suitable place for large Govern- ment assemblages of a semi-official public nature over which the United States has jurisdiction. Ceremonial gatherings must be held in the hall of the House of Representatives or some hired place, neither being adequate in capacity. It would be most appropriate to pro- vide now for the construction of the George Washington Memorial Bullding, with its great central meeting hall and its series of rooms dedicated to the States, in season for the bicentennial celebration of 1932. If action were taken at this session on the pending bill, giving guarantee of a construction fund, this could be effected. There can be no doubt that on such a basis as this present legislative proposal the public subscriptions for the completion of the ‘memorial building fund would be forth- coming. ———t—— Friends of Mrs. Ruth Hanna Mc- Cormick regard her as a consistent per- sonage, as liberal in her campaign ex- penditures as she is in some of her views. ——— e Each decline of the stock market is sald to be due to profit-taking. There are profits in every stock market move- ment. The only question is as to who gets them. ————e e Farm relief has the benefit of more consplicuous discussion. Rellef of Fed- eral employes of retirement age is rec- ognized as having a large share of im- ‘portance. —.—— “Live and learn.” The adage applies especially to the public now engaged in mastering the new telephone system. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Violets and Snowflakes. 'Way back yonder when the snow Sprinkled from the starlit sky, And the wind began to blow Through the trees with doleful sigh, How we wished for days of Spring And the violet’s blossoming! But the violets droop too soon; Pleasures seem to rule the past. ‘We will face the sultry noon ‘When the flowers fade so fast, And we'll wish, as we complain, For the snowflake once again. Unappreciated Expenditure. “You are blamed for accumulating|® a very large campaign fund.” “Doesn’t that show how ungrateful & republic can be!” exclaimed Senator Sorghum. “Nobody says a word about the amount of unemployment I'll be the means of relieving.” Jud Tunkins says oratory ought to be studied more in communities where all the taxpayers get for their money is a collection of long speeches. Genuine Cleverness,” Some say that cheating is an art, But history shows us just the same The men who réally then were smart Could win and play an honest game. An Important Consideration. “Do you play tennis?” “Not with entire success,” answered Miss Cayenne. “Experts agree that my rmame is pretty fine. But I don't take a good photograph in action.” “It is idle.to wait for benefits tomor- row may bring,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “if today leaves you with nothing done worthy to be offered unto tomorrow.” No Intellectual Standstill. Our controversies give us pride, As in life’s way of discontent, No matter how much we decide, ‘There's room for still more argument. “De reason s0 many men is ready to try to run de whole world,” said Uncle Eben, “is dat dar ain’ no driver's per- mit required.” ———e———— That's an Old One. From the Ban Antonio Evening News. 'Tis plain that the duty on chest- nuts is not intended to protect an in- industrge THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Making the best of one's garden op- portunities is not a common thing, so a small sunken garden of which we know is something exceptional after all. Ninety-nine out of a hundred per- sons, it is safe to say, If they lived next door to this lot, would permit it to grow up into weeds. ‘They might go to the extent of com- plaining about the weeds, and have a few words to say against the municipal officials who would permit such a state of affairs to exist. ‘The last thing they would do, how- ever, in all probability, would be to do something about it themselves in a con- structive way. ‘The man who lives next door to the lot in question has managed to make a garden spot—how true a descriptive phrase!—out of what otherwise would be nothing but a mlnhtzxre‘jungle. * % This Spring the sunken garden is at its prettiest. Just now stately hyacinths, in tints of purple and pink, bloom with ail the neatness of the famous “three little maids from school,” only there are a great many more than that number of these Dutch beauties. ‘The gardener, always ambitious, has| ted, outdone himself this season. Neat bor- ders of stones turned on end line the principal beds, and the whole place seems to have taken on new life. Although unprotected by hedge or fence, this sunken plot bears a charmed life, so to speak. In many neighbor- hoods such beautiful blossoms would ap- ar only to be stolen. Here, however, lr live out their earthly existence in well deserved peace. Every garden should be a thing of peace and uty, we do not know which quality should come first. Cer- tainly a raucous garden, with only beauty, could not be as fair as one not quite so beautiful yet with quiet and content surrounding it with their flat- tering embraces. * ok k% We have never seen the man who rrdens this spot, and it makes no dif- ference, for like minds and ambitions are friends everywhere, no matter if they hever see each other or have spoken. Sometimes one may even think that it is better 50, thus preventing any merely uman understandings from marring the perfect picture which exists. ‘We have always wondered at the tem- perament which is never content with Teading & man's book, but must rush down to the railroad station to see the hero arrive. Smart bookstores have of recent years induced well known au- thors to come to their shops and to au- tograph their books for such people. This system, of course, utterly deprives such autographed book of value, in fact tends to' deprive all such volumes of their value, since an autograph.can be of no sentimental value when a man solemnly gives it a' to a stranger. Our unknown gardener, then, may remain unknown with perfect suret; that we will think only the better of him for it. If we were to meet him we might not approxe his taste in smoking tobaccos, might be offended at his tone of voice, or wish he had a more subdued in cravats. Anything might hap- pen, if we knew him, whereas now he is all perfect, all ‘m: l::d ‘nll wise, Most people do not make the most of their gardening opportunities, we are convinced, for three or four main veasons. They are not able to picture a garden as it will appear in the future, or they are too lazy to do the work required, or they lack the mental stimu- lus to spend the money to have some one else do it, or they do not care for gardening and its results at all o and beauty is the one thing which n one can afford to lose out of his life. Even the most elemental natures strive for it, in one form or other. Often the sensitive are forced to smile to themselves at some overdressed girl, until they stop to realize that such bad taste is, after all, better than no taste at all. It is an attempt to secure beauty, without which life is but a sordid affair, functioning only in animal nature, doomed to the sorry fate of coming un- asked and going one knows not where. It is beauty, shining in its facets of religion, mystery, love, kindness, good will, honesty, which makes life endura- ble, even to the sensitive, and gives them a deep assurance that, no matter how harsh the conditions seem, life is somehow very good, after all. A garden is one of the best places to cultivate this mood, because no place contains more of the euentlltl e‘lex;)en't ‘The main essential, it must be admit- , is an interest in gardening as such, for itself, of itself, and in itself. Pride sometimes will induce a man to take to it, or he may turn gardener for profit, but in the last analysis no one will make the best of his opportunities in this line unless he has the primary in- :::e]sft involved in the garden-making elf. Then every plot of vacant land, his or some one else’s, takes on interest, as he plans in his mind what might be done with it from a garden standpoint. Yonder trees, which “go with the lot,” become not just things to be cut down for firewood, but assume the impor- tance of elements in landscape gar- dening. The fiest thing to do, when one be- comes “garden minded” «and why may not this phrase be used in connection with gardens as well as with the air and planes?), is to consider the various | that shy features which the plot possesses, and txy to determine if any of them can be used to, advantage. Sometimes this requires much study, approach to the problem. There are few persons who are peculiarly gifted, in this respect, who are able to take one look at a parcel of land and tell you exactly what to do with it. Mostly their judgment will prove to be both correct and happy. The majority of men and women, however, are not gifted in this direc- tion. It will require several surveys, made calmly and dispassionately, for them to decide exactly what ought to be done with th‘elr‘ne' grounds, * * Above all, one should be daring, not held back by convention, in thh'bual- ness of making the most of ane's garden opportunities. To garden exactly as every one else in a community garden is to lose something from the pleasure of this oldest of outdoor occupations. Strike out for yourself, even if time proves you wrong., There is always plenty of time left in which one may make things right, but life itself is too short for the person who follows the herd. Mistakes mostly may be rectified, but the person who never has anything to correct has only the satisfaction of playing safe, and this often is a hollow victory, gained at too much cost. Making the best of one's garden op- portunities is at once a sport, a mental recreation, and a physical occupation, and in every one of these aspects thu;‘[‘ of Interest, charm and some profit. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. If anybody thinks prohibition isn’t the paramount issue in these more or less United States, let him mark the bated breath with which the country awaits Dwight W. Morrow's views on the sub- Ject. Old political hands at Washington can recall no occasion like it in years. Not only New Jersey, which he aspires to represent in the Senate, but the Na- tion at large, is burning with curiosity to know whether Morrow is a wet, a , & Mo cationist or a repealer. His attitude on the tariff, on the World on the League of Nations, on farm relief, on water power, on war- debt cancellation, on disarmament, or on any other subject under the sun is a matter of no popular concern what- ever. What Jersey and everybody else crave to learn is where Morrow stands on liqguor. The Republic could hardly have a more convincing object lesson. It goes far to sustain the opinion, al- ready widely held, thltgre ibition is the thing most likely to divide the two parties in 1932 and be the big bone of contention in the next presidential campaign. * ok ok Vincent Massey, who is about to be promoted from the Canadian minister- ship at Washington to the Dominion's blue ribbon post abroad—the high com- missionership at London—rejoices over his transfer for a family reason. It mean a reunion with a younger brother, Raymond Massey, Wwho among the shining lights of the stage in Great Britain. One of the reigning successes of the current don season is “The Man in Possession,” & racy comedy which Mr. Massey produced and in which he plays the leading role. He is an actor-manager at the head of his own West End Theater. The accom- plished and popular Canadian envoy, ‘whose loss W deplores, is him- self an amateur actor of unusual talent. * ok ok Perhaps never before was there such coinc! ice in Washington as that which one day last week marked the simultaneous discussion in the Supreme Court and in the Senate of the issue involved in the Parker case. While the debate over the North Carolinian’s nomination to the Supreme Court raging in one end of the Capitol, the bench itself, a hundred yards away, was hearing oral arguments ranging around the same subject. The fight on Parker concerned the “yellow dog” de- cision legalizing the right of employers to prevent employes from joining & union. In the Supreme OCourt the Southern Pacific Rallway seeks to es- tablish its right to restrain its clerks from affiliating themselves with any- thing but & “company union,” instead of with the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks. The brotherhood contends that the Su Court is called upon to determine whether the rallway labor act “is a law or a mere congressional |y, gesture.” ‘The Southern Pacific is at- tacking the act as unconstitutional. * ok ok X Michael J. McDermott, chief of the 'pal en! on an official mission, following his ardu- ous duties as press chief of the Amer- ican delegation at the London Naval Conference. Apparently it's the in- defatigable “Mac's” purpose to acquaint our embassies and legations on the other side with the ways and means of publicity as Washington knows them. The average Yankee diplomat abroad is gun-shy when a newspaper man turns up in quest of information. Usually he succumbs to the foreign tradition that diplomatic information is a h and mighty state secret, no matter how inoffensive it in reality may be. McDermott will render an inter- national service if he Maj. Gen. A. W. Greely, U. 8. A, re- tired, hero of the first “farthest North" Arctic expedition in 1881, has just told how his earliest “recognition” for that immortal feat took the form of demo- tion while he was still in the polar re- He was due just about that time tion from the rank of lieuten- that of eaptain, but the War Department blithely passed him over in favor of officers below him in “files.” It was not until five years after Arctic exploits that Greely got his cap- taincy in the 5th Cavalry. Admiral Byrd has had better luck. Somebody asked Greely the other day what he considers the outstanding single achievement of his 86 years of busy life. “mmq & family of six children on Army pay,” the general replied. * ok X Capt. Joel T. Boone, U. 8. N, has just one hobby besides looking after the health of Presidents of the United States—Herbert Hoover is his third executive patient. His devotion to his “prep” school alma mater, Mercersburg Academy, is the White House physi- cian’s side-line grand passion. For the past couple of years Capt. Boone has been president of the Mercersburg Alumni Association. He is going to the academy, which nestles {premly in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Pennsylvania, for an alumni session this week. pt. Boone had a good deal to do with the decision of the then Vice President and Mrs. Collidge to send John and “Cal,” jr, to Mercersburg. _Mrs. Hoover's freckle-faced nephew, Delano Large of California, is now at the ac: Boone is one of Mercersburg’s legend- ary heroes. fine ofl portrait of him, commemorating his war service in France, has a place of honor in the ad- ministration building on the campus. * kR x d “Lady Bountiful” is one of the nick- names just wished on Representative Ruth Hanna McCormick as the result of the revelation that she spent $250,000 in capturing the recent Republican sen- atorial primary in Illinois. (Copyright, 1930). College Man Solves An Old-Time Problem From the Seattle Daily Times. That old question, “What would you do if you had a million dollars?” has been dragged into the limelight again. This time, however, instead of occupy- ing its customary position as the fa- vored topic of cracker-barrel phil phers it has found its way into the psychologists's laboratory as the object of serious consideration by Dr. Harry Dexter Kitson, professor of education at Columbia University, who, after exam- ining the whole matter carefully, has arrived at the rather to be ex) con- clusion that most of us would quit whatever we were doing and set out on the rut, experiment of turning life into one long round of enjoyment. The good doctor may be right. At least. there seems no way to disprove his a la le for hle'tlgxult: c’ld b;s. On v.;e thr hfimnflv lemic way Approac] g the matter, that of putting 81’0 inquiry direct to a large number of persons in many walks of life, has been conducted bz the New York lvimn( Post with the ing _discovery it many persons would consider the sum merely as an op- portunity to nd their “usefulness along lines in w employed. Almost uniformly, those to ‘whom the question was offered declared for their present occupations. Of course, neither Dr. Kitson nor the Post can be sure, since the reaction of the human to such remarkable phe- nomena hardly can be forecast. Certain it is that there would be a greater va- riety of responses than either of these two agencies of investigation have of- fered. Fortunately, it isn't going to happen to any great number of us and for that we may be thankful. For if it Alcohol Burners. From the Muncie Star. the custom oo years ago to float e wine as it was is to than he has for some The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. Once upon & time it was said the job should seek the man. That theory has long since been exploded. Nowadays men and women go out and get these public offices if they can. The Senate campaign expenditures investigating committee, at its first hearing last week, developed the fact that one of the candidates for the Republican sena- torial nomination expended a quarter of a million dollars in the primary cam- paign. It is quite true that this by no means sets a record for cam; ex- penditures, although it is likely that no other candi for office has ever ad- mitted that he or she dug down in his or her own jeans for $250,000 to carry on a campaign. Usually part of these large campaign funds have been con- tributed by friends or favor seekers. In the Pennsylvania senatorial primary in 1926 former Gov. Gifford Pinchot and his immediate relations put up a sum that equaled the expenditures admitted by h:x;s. tR;xhth Hlnx:-nn:ccol;mlck, the winner of the recen can sena- torial primary in nnnou.m * k% % ‘What the Senate is going to do about this Illinois case is still n‘eonundrum. Ever since it was shown that former Senator Truman H. Newberry and his family and friends had expended $190,- 000 in his primary campaign to win the Republican . senatorial nomination in Michigan against Henry Ford in 1918, the Senate has been pretty touchy about big campaign expenditures. It declined to seat Frank L. Smith and William 8. Vare, who were nominated and elected Senators in Illinois and Pennsylvania in 1926, after another slush fund com- mittee had turned up the facts of huge :wmm in those cases. McCormick was very frank in her statement to the Senate committee the other day, when she admitted spending out of her own pocketbook $250,000 in her campaign for the Senate nomination against Senator Deneen. The latter said he had spent $25,000, one-tenth the amount put up by his successful rival. Mrs. Mcgormlck argued e had to spend a la sum of money to build up an “organization” hout the State, in order to offset the organization headed by Senator Deneen and fostered by Federal patron- age. Mr. Newberry,” when he was charged with excessive expenditures in Michigan, countered with the argument that Henry Ford, through his automo- bile business and hundreds of agents and ands of employes, was in & dominant position which made it nec- essary for his opponent to spend money in the creation of an organization. * Ok ok % The Senate, in spite of the close scru- tiny which it has maintained of cam- paign expenditures in senatorial elec- tions in the last decade, has done abso- lutely nothing about setting up a stand- ard to be followed by candidates for senatorial seats. There has been no law enacted. Candidates have merely been placed on warning that if they spend a lot of money in their primary or election campaigns they may not pass into the sacred precincts of the Senate. This, too, has been pointed out to Mrs. McCormick, and properly so. Could Mrs. McCormick have been nominated in a contest with Senator Deneen without expending $350,000 or & sum approximating that amount? It's & question that probably never will be answered. If she could have been nominated with a small expenditure, then she was foolish to spend so much. If she could not have been nominated ‘without spending a quarter of a million dollars, it looks as h money after all is & prime factor in our political battles. And again the question arises, are candidates entitled to make these large expenditures, whether the money goes for ,m.ntm., ‘advertising, “organiz- ing,” or for actual votes? It's a tough problem. And it's a problem that the Senate eventually will have to tackle in this Tllinois case, unless J. “Ham” Lewls, the Democratic nominee for the Senate d take the measure of Mrs. McCormick in November. Inci- dentally, the fact that Mrs. McCormick ut up such a large sum of money in ger campaign will come handy to the Democratic candidate in his race against her. It makes quite an argument for Mr. Lewis, who expended only $35 to get the Democratic nomination. * ok ok X ‘The Stock Exchange has again been visited by a disastrous “bear” raid. This is a matter to which the Senate might turn its attention with some advantage. Ever since last Fall there have been threats of investigations and suggestions of legislation to curb stock gambling, but nothing has come of either threats or suggestions. Senator Carter Glass of 'my. | gambler Virginia, former Secretary of the Treas- ury and the man who is credited with having done more work than any one else on the Federal Reserve act, wh was originated in the House when Mr. Glass was chairman of the currency committee of that body, has prepared a bill for introduction in_the Senate aimed at stock gambling. It is one of the matters to which the legis- lators might well give some attention, icularly with reference to short sell- Why it should be lawful for a in stock to sell something which he does not possess is one of the mysteries of high—or low—flnance. It is a ess which has enabled the shrewd gamblers to reap millions in profits, and probably billions. One of the remedies proposed has been lum taxation on sales or purchases of s which are made for only a brief period, such purposes or sales obviously being made for no other p than gam: bling. The evils of stock gambling ex- tend beyond the mere ups and downs of the gamblers themselves. They affect the whole business structure of the country and lions of investors. * ok % % Resigning from one office to run for another—unless the candidate has a ;lvllkmfil;':ln the x for the new jm a8 se a) sense or’ politics. Dwight W. m , American Ambassador to Mexico, has ided to hang onto his nt office until after he been ¢! h the New Jersey senatorial 'g:mury Secretary James J. Davis of Department of Labor has stayed right along in the Hoover cabi- net since he became a candidate for the blican senatorial nomination in Pennsylvania. Time enough to get out of these offices when Mr. Morrow and Mr. Davis have been nominated for the Senate. If by any chance Mr. Morrow and Mr. Davis should not win in the senal primaries they would still re- main valuable assets to the Government in the offices they now hold. Both have done well in their respective positions. If Mr. Davis defeats Senator Grundy in the race for the senatorial nomination, as many of his supporters insist he will, President Hoover will have a real job nndln’fi.l new Secretary of Labor to place. Mr. Morrow has done a tremendous amount toward impro relations between Mexico and the Unif States and settling differences which have arisen in the past. PR Secretary Davis has finally made his statement regarding the ilbm;m 18- Ing. prol . He has declared that he is part o the ‘administral t- of Hoover , ted to enforcement of the national pro- hibition laws. That's that. Mr. Grundy has _done about the same. The dyed- it repeal of in-the-wool wets, who the dry laws above evel alse, may be expected to support Prof. Bohlen of the faculty of the University of Penn- sylvania, who is running on a wet plat- form for the senatorial nomination. But it is quite evident that not all those who have wet leanings ;fi v{ofln‘ to vote 28 declared. for o o 5 pemn , Vare, Wi D 1n 1026 foF the Senate, s back- ing the Davis-Brown ticket, too. * kA * ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, ‘What do you need to know? Is there some point ,:bwt your business or per- sonal life that puzzles you? Is there you want to know without delay? bmit your question to Fred- eric J. Haskin, director of our Wash- ington Information Bureau. He is em- ployed to help you. Address your in- quiry to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Prederic J. Haskin, director, ‘Washington, D. and inclose 2 cen! in coln or stamps for return postage. 3 lose together do the trains rug Inufh'e :le' York subway?—H. Y. A. The subway trains are run under less than & minute headway. %Whnhuud_v;_flmimlhlu'— F. D. C. nt commonly used is s mixed with hydro- cyanogen chlori cyanic aci Q. How did it come that Queen Vic- toria of Sweden dled in Rome?—H. G. A. Queen Victoria had her Winter home in Rome, and living there at the time of her deal Q. Please give the meaning and pro- nunciation of the word “queue” in the sentence “A queue of people stood wait- ing for the theater to open.”—E. G. H. A. The z:;d film (3 "ng:'img is e same as Q. If & child is forelgn born, her father dead and her mother takes out naturalization papers, does the child become an American citizen?—F. L. A. The Naturalization Bureau says that if, after the death of the father of an alien child, the mother is natural- ized before the child becomes of age, the child automatically becomes a citi- zen of the United States. strike of 3 ‘When did the biggest :‘na!w coal miners take place?— A. The longest and costliest strike in the anthracite industry Septem- ber 1, 1925, and was settled February 12, 1926. It lasted 164 days, involved 158,000 workers, and caused a loss of $200,000,000 to the operators and $188,~ total loss is esti: 600,000 in wages. The - mated at $1,000,000,000. B is meant by the “Mississippl ‘What AT mate spaclebivel poheie was ive 3 Jected by John Law, the failure of w] occasioned financial joned widespread and bankruptcy in France. As an an- nex to the he had established in by colonization and commerce. . Where does the sand come from that is used in making glass?—W. 8. In country the chief sources A T an 0 e some from France and Belgium, Q. Are there more religious books than flctloll'l, published in the United States? A. Last year 10,187 new books and new editions were issued in this coun- try. Fiction led, with 2,142; children's books were second, with 931, and re- ligious books third with A of sand for ich | out distress | speed State Representative, State Senator, tax collector, deputy sheriff, schoal director and it postmaster. Q. Please name some notorious pi- rates of the seventeenth century—R. P. A. Among them were Cormat, the Irish pirat Capt. John Avery, alias “Long Bin"; Bartholomew Roberts, and Edward Teach, whose nickname was “Blackbeard.” Q. What proportion of the land in th; guyfie of Illinols is in farms? A. In 1925 slightly more than 85 per ?ent of the total land ares was in arms. Q. How is intelligence distributed asc- cording to Galton's law of filial regres- sion?—T. 8. G. A. The Galton law of filial regres- sion states that the tendency of the children of unusual parents to ap- proximate more nearly to the common type of the family or stock. Hereditary characteristics are derived as follows: One-half from the parents, one-quarter {from the grandparents, one-eighth from the great-grandparents, etc. Q. How many airplanes are there in the United States?—F. W. D. A. At the close of 1929 there were 7,843 licensed aircraft in operation in the United States and 4,520 identified planes, making a total of 12,363 ships avallable for commercial and civil oper- ations. On July 31, 1929, the Army Air Corps had 1,151 airplanes. At the same date there were 736 naval airplanes. Q. Is it dangerous to work with luminous paint?—R. T. A. Medical authorities say that lumi- precautions. person &um brings him into close contact with luminous paints should always wear gloves while doing this work and remember never to put the hands into the mouth. Q. What happens to a golf ball when hit by a player making a hard, long drive? it retain its spherical shape or is it knocked out of its round :hlp’e“{ar a ?l’:x:::o&d be:gn . in- ng shape: 50, to wl ex- tent?—J. 8. thas when & golf bab o Bit o1 5. PIYEE - s S oy pe, a3 wn - phs. The bureau hes made no_observations to calculate the exact amount of deformation. Q. Which cable will carry more elec- tricity—a cable of solid material or a cable of same dimensions composed of many small wires?—G. R. B. A. The cable composed of small wires will carry more, since it has greater surface area. Q. Who called the Naval Conference? ‘What was the result?—O. R. of course, Wi tions, but the hope of all the naval powers has been that naval competition would be definitely checked. The final results of the conference have been em- was the father of former | bodied Q. Why President Coolidge known as Col. Cool- idge?—A. V. R. A. John O. Coolidge obtained the title of colonel service on the staff of tween Great 3 United States, with & which allows for the adhere: of France and Italy when they have Gov. Stickney of Vermont. He occu- pled several public offices, among them settled their differences rega the parity and tonnage. 3 Discussion of Immigration Shows Open Mind on Policies Recommitment of the Harris immi gration bill to a Senate committee com: in the midst of country-wide debate as the to its provisions, especially the amend- ment which would abolish the basis of national origins. Opponents of this method of selection believe it is dis- criminatory. The measure to which this was attached provided for quotas for American republics, and there is strong warning against action which in some comments is declared to be undiplomatie. “One method of working out the problem” appeals to the Kansas City. Star as ‘“especially worth considera- tion,” and that paper explains: “It is that of a flexible, selective system by which the volume and nature of i- gration at any time could be cont d in accordance with ascertained economic and labor conditions in the United States. With industry more and more organized to permit the assembling of such information, there is no apparent reason why such a plan would not be feasible.” * % % X “A vote to send the bill back to com- mittee probably has killed the proposi- tion for this session at least,” the Port Huron Times-Herald, pointed out, however, that “the vote, 30 to 34, indi- cates & very considerable sentiment for restriction. * * * Many immigrants from Southern Europe who have come into Canada,” adds the Times-Herald, “are creating a_serious unemployment problem there. Perhaps 1t is & temporary problem, brought about by the dex:ulon in industry. But that g:n of rica is a long way from ing an industrial country, and the present condition is being accepted by the government as a definite warning that the general lem of - goln must be lool into most care- “Under an amendment to the bill by which the national origins clause was repealed,” says the Muncle Star, “the total immigration from Europe would be pared down from 150,000 to 120,000 a year. The quotas from Germany and Scandinavia would be increased. The national origins clause may have de- served some criticism, but the law as a whole has been working satisfactorily. It should be left alone. A disturbing factor involves the application of quotas to the countries.of the Western Hemi- sphere. Congress in seeking to check flow of Mexicans across the inter- national line may needlessly flout the Latin American republics. A of Congressmen would be willing to im- fllr our friendly ‘relations with both tin America and Canada by restrict- immigration from the entire hemi- &phere.” * X ok X al committee t. Te- thousands of | Ameri, that such -methods had cut. the influx from Mexico ‘more than 70 per cent during ,000 = , as compared with 59,000 in 1927-28 and 68,000 in 1926-27. Those figures conclusively show that—even from the restrictionists’ viewpoint—a quota law is unnecessary. Its only ef- fect would be gratuitously to hurt people’s feelings.” * koK X “Congress can do no better,” in the opinion of the Fort Worth Record-Tele- r;m. “than to place immigration strict- on & basis of economic needs. We can set an arbitrary number of emi- grants from the various countries and declare the attributes necessary for ac- ceptance to be productive ability, law- abiding probabilities based on record, literacy tests and physical examinations, We could get along admirably for a quarter of a century without any immi- gration, but if we do elect to continue system we are clearly entitled to make "h'm"fq“m:fi' c‘!:;ck :m; our eco- readjustments of govern- s conenged by th burg conten y the Lynchl Ad- vance that unrestricted Mexican immi- gration “is contributing to the serious unemployment problem in this country,” while the Long Beach Press-Telegram, conceding that “there are certain types of work which do not appeal to Ameri- can laborers,” holds that “the real problem is to bring about a nice adjust- ment that will give employment to every can who needs it.” The Rich- mond News-Leader states: “A policy of general exclusion has much to com- mend it, provided, of course, that busi- ness and professional men are allowed to enter freely; but if there is to be any i tion, why not prefer those who ::&1;" are preferable by every stand- “The country has not yet assimilated all those who come here” says the forest ot "the. Memigrants {pentscl igrants the AL both recently arrived and those w; came here years ago, as well as every one born here, we must guard the gates and permit very few people to come in for some time to come.” The Rochester Times-Union _concludes: “‘Congress doubtless is in touch with popular senti- ment on this issue. The foolish ‘red® scare of 1920 gave the original impetus adopied, 1t proved ‘smsemely o , it pro ense| lar.” Ohser that Canada has tried to ations to . ua: with Canada for doing everythlnlq possi- ble to keep her nationals at home. But certainly it would be the height of folly for this coun to aid in any such glove,d’:l ‘%hlml t‘:rtllnly be doing if nadian igration were placed un- der the quota system.” e Lindy Crosses Wide Area In Brief Flying Period From the Ofncinnati Times-Star. At dawn on Sunday, April 20, Lind- bergh was at Glendale on California coast. Before midnight of the nm:rdnny he was at Roosevelt Field, L. I, a few ;n.l‘llg‘ from the Atlantic, Mrs. Lindbe President Hoover appears today in ttrmngfl;uilnon‘h!n EE .fl':h‘t‘ ovcrw’ e tariff bill with mm‘ ey the House backing the eoposition 4o the debenture