Evening Star Newspaper, October 26, 1929, Page 6

= THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Merning Edition. WABHINGTON, D. C SATURDAY.....October 26, 1920 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Uffice: 11th 8t. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. E‘T.—nn Ofce: 'Lake Michigan Building. \BuroLean Office: 14 Rerent St.. Londol Engiand. s Rate by Carrfer' Within the City. ver month iaday Star ay Btar .85¢ per month ner copy t {he'end of each month. t in by mall or telephone 60c per month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. and Sunda. 1 yr.$10:00: 1 mo., 15T $6.00: 1 nu R All Other States and Canada. Dafly and Sunday..1 yr. $17.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only ‘19K, §800. 1 me 78 | Sunday only + 3500 1 mo. S0c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is cxclusively entitied $o the use for republication of &ll rews dis- punlishied herein. All rights of publica‘ion of pecial dispatches herein are also reserved. o i el e it The Conviction of Fall. With a recommendation of mercy, & jury has found a verdict of guilty against Albert B. Fall, former Senator of the United States, former Secretary of the Interior, accused of accepting al bribe for an officlal transaction in the fhterest of an oil company. That this finding is a surprise to the country re- sults from the fact that preceding trials | in Criminal Court in this connection | have come to different conclusions. Now, at last, one who was accused of betray- ing his official trust has been pronounced gullty, and although there is a general fesling of pity for him in his shame and mental and physical suffeting from ill- ness, there is likewise a feeling of grati- fication that the law has been vindi- cated. For of some guilt on the part of Albert B. Fall in this transfer of the oll reserves of the United States there has been little doubt in public opinion. The Supreme Court has itself, in a eivil case, condemned as a fraud the transac- tion in which he was a principal and has annulled the contracts based upon that transaction because of that fraud. The verdict aendered yesterday, surprising though it was, merely car- rled inte specific terms as to the part played by the former Secretary of the Interior the already indirectly indi- cated judgment of the highest court. In all the history of the American | Government there have been few in-| stances of malfeasance in office, cor- rupt conduct for the sake of personal gain. The charge of bribery has rarely been brought against those intrusted with the affairs of state. It is, there- fore, the more distressing that this of- fense should have been committed, that one who was charged with high Federal responsibilities should have failed in his trst. The transaction involving this act of betrayal was not necessarily or assuredly in ¥self harmful to the public welfare, though on that question there are variant opinions. Had there been no bribery, or nothing in the way of personal financial dealings between the beneficiaries and the official even short of actual bribery, the transfer of the oil reserves to private hands would have been subject to criticism, though not to the point of demanding punish- ment. A mistake in judgment might have been the maximum charge to be brought against the official conducting the transfer. But the passage of money between the principal on any case and the Secretary of the Interior, camoufiaged as personal gift or as the purchase price of a tract of land, con- stitutes a crime against the public, a erime against the fundamental law of the Republic. - That crime has now been declared specifically by a jury. Its verdict will be appealed. It may be set aside. That the defendant will yield to it now is impossible, in all the circumstances. i 8sc | soc “0c | roadway to & maximum height of four stories above the street surface. That, it is believed, will prevent the dark- ening of the surfdce, at least in the area proposed for the initial work, where the buildings are only moderately high. Just what could be done in this regard in the canyon aréa of downtown New York is a question. Really little doubt may be felt on the score of this undertaking. The situation in the big town is acute. The traffic is growing and the streets can- not be widened. To provide a second story for vehicles would therefore seem the most logical remedy. Perhaps in time there will be a third story. Maybe the Manhattan of & couplé of centuries hence—if one exists—will be a veritable layer cake of traffic. PR Mr. Macdonald Goes Home. Prime Minister Macdonald has sailed for home, embarking from Canada, which was the scene of his farewell activities in North America. Before an- other week is gone ke will be back in London and in the throes of a parlia- mentary sessidén with which the fate and fortunes of the British Labor party are immediately and intimately in- volved. The ensuing months are destined to bring prompt indication of the staying powers of the Macdonald government. At present it is basking in the, high favor of a united country and of a more or less united Hous> of Commons. Mr. Snov.den’s Gibraltarian stand at The Hague Reparations Conference and Mr. Macdonald’s accomplishments in Wash'ngton have obliterated British party lines, as far as the Labor cabinet’s foreign program is concerncd. It is with respect to purely domestic affairs that Labor's worries are about to set in. Mr. Macdonald will need all the political acumen he and his asso- clates can muster to survive the period of stress and storm whigh awaits them. Reparations and naval limitation are vital issues for Britain, but unemploy- ment, still rife throughout John 'Bull's tight little island, is paramount. It still stalks specterlike throughout the length and breadth of the kingdom. None of these considerations dims the luster of Mr. Macdonald’s visit to our own shores. It will gleam for all time as a bright page in British-Amer- jcan history. Probably no description of its object or of its effect is more accurate than to say that it created a new state of mind. The responsible rulers of the two great English-speaking realms came together, not to patch up an alliance or a secret understanding, as sovereign statesmen in unregenerate international times were wont to do on similar occasions. Prime Minister Mac- donald and President Hoover com- muned to no such antiquated purpose. They met as modern heads of states to discuss modern questions in the modern manner, devold of intrigue, eircumlocu- tion or selfish aim. As time passes it will be revealed to what practical ends the official leaders of the British and American peoples T T 'M is no law requiring that applause, and applause only, must come from au- diences. Perhaps Mr. Stokowski took the matter a bit too personally. No one who has ever heard that master of the baton, and certainly none of his season subscribers, could find fault with him | as conductor or program builder. But with some of the “modern mus'c” ia lover of Beethoven may take excep- | tion. He may be wrong. Perhaps the “new" composition, with its dissonances and uncorventional quirks, in time may come to sound beautiful té the averags ear. At one stage in the progress of American musical appreéiation the works of thé mighty Wagner were sim- ilarly hissed, and the great conductor, ‘Theodore Thomas, deelared of that mu- sic, “If they do not like it they must hear it till they do Ifke it.” Today music lovers everywhere ap- preciaite Wagner. Perhaps time may do the seme for them with ths work cof some of the moderns, but tuntil that ! time arrives it would secm slightly more | 2ppropriate if symphony conductors, warned by the hissing before Stokowski, would refrain from giving musical lec- tures as well as music. A man who in- terprets music, when he has given his interpretation, has done his work; it is no particular business of his what those who listen think of the music itself. —————r—oe— Orchid Millions. ‘The averege person associates the orchid with money, but perhaps not every one i3 aware of the fact that this tropical flower has got. into tne “big money” class in the United States. Recently two New Jersey nurseries spechalizing in the orchid were sold for a sum said to have beén $2,500,000. Ever. iIn this day of large sums two and a half million dollars remains highly respéctable. Orchids are expénsive, not only be- cause the supply is limited, but be- cause great care is required in growing them. Seven years are necessary in many instarces to produce a bloom. Of fifty acres included in the recent sales thirty-five are under glass. The orchid, to the average flower lover, is an interesting but unattain- able plant. There are so many other beautiful flowers i the world, which give him every floral satisfaction, that he cannot see why he should pine for orchids. ‘The booklover whose means are lim- ited finds himself similarly situated in regard to books. He, too, would like to own some old, rare or costly edition of a classic, or some interesting num- ber of which only two or three exist ir the world, but he finds this im- possible, so resigns himself to reading about them. Plower enthusiasts everywhere will be interested in the orchid millions, but will shed no tears because they cannot buy these flowers for daily use. The pansy is a cheap little thing, _THIS BY CHATLES E. TRACEWELL, Is there any one who doesn't like to lock in shop windows? Evidently not, or there wouldn't be so_many windows. ‘Thos> interested in the pageant of life, which spreads its panorama around the world, find their satisfaction, too, in the shop windows. Glittering displays bshind clear glass are a part of the surprising and in- comprehensible thing which makes this world what it is. Life, the unknown Iike electricity. does surprising things which it knows with and of itself, And not the least of these are the merchants’ shop windows. * ok ox % We are so used to looking in these windows—one of the things which are still free—that we have forgotten just what they are. They are not entirely displays of merchandise which some person hopes may lure us into his shop. They represont, first and foremost, productions of the minds and hands | but it has satisfied millions of peopie and is remarkably like some of the orchids in appearance, some of the rarer of the orchids, too. Flower lovers put their heads together in Washington this month. 8o much has undoubtedly been achieved already: the peril of a serious clash of views between the two countries has been rendered unlikely to the point of impossibility. That is a result of the Macdonald visit almost beyond the power of appraisement. America bids the prime minister hail and farewell. He came, he saw, he conquered. We made the acquaintance of a statesman of transparent sincerity, unquenchable earnestness and com- pelling charm. To watch him in action, as many of us in the East were privi- leged to do, was to understand his meteoric career in British politics. As long as Ramsay Macdonald adorns that arena in the post of power, the cause of Anglo-American friendship, with which is wrapped up the peace of the world, is in safe and sturdy hands, o “Luck Charm.” Belief of human beings in good luck, whatever that may be, continues to get them into trouble. Recently in this Perhaps there may have been technical errors of ruling in this trial, flaws of judgment in the instructions to the city two gypsy women persuaded & housewife, met in a grocery store, that it would be well for her if she permitted everywhere may well rest content with the rose, the gladiolus, the chrysanthe- mum and the dahlia. 4 —atr Bulls, bears, goats and lambs dis- port with varying fortunes in the stock market. Only the Ringling Brothers continue to conduct the really reliable menage —~———————— ‘Washington, D. C., is regarded as the model city of the country. For this reason the regulation of its police ad- ministration becomes undeniably impor- tant. o Every time an airplane crashes the question arises as to whether some one has been “air-minded” or only “hare- brained.” .-t By way of getting back to first prin- ciples, inland waterways may yet 1evive the lyrical enthusiasm addressed in olden songs to the “Erfe Canal.” o som o An aviator crashes and a plane flops. The subject of ‘“conservation” needs study from a new angle. pu———e Vagaries of the stock market are re- Jury. The higher courts will hear argu- | them to deposit a “charm” in her |lentless in the reminders of uneasy ments on such points and will in time ~it i3 to be hoped a very brief time— render opinions, which will determine whether the jury's verdict is conclusive. At anlntieny The stock ticker is the so-called “Robot,” that plays an inexorable and emotionless part in the affairs of finance. —————— American “humor” has been financed to a degree that makes it a somewhat tmportant and even solemn affair. e Two-8tory Traffic Lanes. ‘Will the New York of the future be & two-story town? That question is prompted, despite the towering sky- serapers that make the metropolitan roofline the highest in the world, by & proposal just advanced to deck-over Park avenue from Ninety-sixth street to the Harlem River, to create an ar- terial traffic-way. If this plan is adopted and proves effective in relieving congestion and promoting free travel it may be extended to other thorough- fares, even to the lower portions of Manhattan. Already there is a short stretch of second-story traffic-way, in the im- mediate vicinity of the Grand Centr: Station. It permits fairly free access to that extremely busy transportation center, Thus the more northerly Park avenue upper-deck roadway will not be an entire innovation, Indeed, New York made a beginning with upstairs traffic lines many years ago when it built the first elevated rai!ways. For a time the elevated lines were regarded | 48 the assured means of solving the traffic problem, even then considered to be acute. More lines were built on pocketbook. Later when she opened the money container she discovered that such “charms” work one way only. Report- ing the loss of $5 to the police, she said she at first supposed that she was to profit from the good luck the strangers invoked. 1t would seem that desire for personal gain is at the bottom of most such muletings. Yet no doubt the strange inability of the average person to say “no” o the average voluble stranger plays a part, too. Long before modern business had developed the science of salesmanship, which depends so largely upon the gift of gab, the members of Romany Rye had evolved their own little art of talk~ ing strangers into doing something they wanted them to do, Scarcely a month goes by in a large city but some gullible person is re- lieved of hard-earned cash by so-called confidence men. The confidence of the victim is gained. The strange fear of saying "no” is bolstered by the secret desire for personal gain. The tendency of others is to laugh at all such accounts, and to wonder how any one could be so foolish, but the sad fact is that many such would be the first to succumb to the lure of the mysterious when it is presented by a persuasive talker. Beware the stranger who promises to do something for you out of a clear sky! The chances are that he wants to help himself at your expense, v .o Business gets bigger and bigger. A financial power, however great today, money. " p—t————— SHOOTING STARS. | Italy still desire, or by cate; BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Promenade. Wishin’ for the good old days ‘When motor cars might spare Your life, if on the public ways ‘You would proceed with care. At Progress, I am well aware, It is unwise to balk— And yet those good old days seemed fair, ‘When I could take & walk. Wondering how the airplane high Will finally alight; Locomotive, speeding by, Pills the scene with fright. Wish I were a traffic cop With just a piece of chalk— Enough to make the tumult stop, 8o I could take a walk, Discretion. “You have been re-elected many times.” “My constituents trust me,” said Sen- ator Sorghum. “For intrepid leadership?” “No. Por knowing how to avoid trou- ble that cannot be successfully handled.” Jud Tunkins says many a leader of public thought is thankful hecause he can switch away from the political is- sue and talk about foot ball. Perfectly Nati The Autumn leaves are falling— And what is that to you? They heed the Autumn’s calling, |may meet its boss tomorrow. ——) oo A Musical Lecture. stilts and trestles, until even they were found to be inadequate, and tunnels, or tubes, were bored and used for rapid wunsit. Meanwhile the surface traffic, espe- clally the motor traffic, became a prob- lem. The streets were jammed, the crossings were maelstroms of confusion and danger. Traffc regulation merely sadjusted conditions and lessened the chances of disaster. The capacity of the channels was not increased. Travel was slowed down. With the subways Leopold Stokowski, conductor of the Philadelphia S8ymphony Orchestra, re- buked an audience at Carnegie Hall, New York, for hissing one of the “mod- ernistic” compositions of Arnold Schoen- berg. When the demonstration died down, according to mews reports, the distinguished conductor told the audie ence that if they did not like his pro- grams they might stay away. As long as he conducted, he added, he intended to perform the “greatest music of the past and the best music of the present.” warking at their capacity, and the old elevated lines running on the closest possible headway and the streets jam- med with vehicles, New York's traffic A problem is indeed s grave one. Now comes this suggestion of & two- /Wory strects - The plan is.to-zalse the ern” compositions is played. After all, by ‘This little musical lecture, not on the program, probably did both sides some good. Mr. Stokowskl should know that the average music lover often feels like hissing when one of the so-called “mod- Just as they ought to do. Front and Back. and hearts of mankind. In the most frivolous of those dis- ghys lies the close breathing of the juman heart. Something needful or gainful or en- tertaining or beautiful lles there behind glass, and the passerby is free to look and go on, or look and enter. Whether he buys is his 2wn business. * Kk ok Needful, gainful, entertaining, beauti- ful—there one about exhausts the list of human necessities. If one includes the interesting and the spiritual, he almost covers the human spectrum. ‘There may be a few more, but we can- not think of moment. Products of human beings fall natu- rally into these major divisions. Of the unfortunate trend of humanity which makes it produce, to some degree, their opposites, nothing need be said here, for none of them are found in shop windows, Things of evil and darkness seldom, it ever, appear in our shop windows; This, it would seem, is one of their most important qualities. Like all win- dows, they are fair and open, revealing themselves for what they are; they pre- sent their best side to the world, and always aim to be their best. * k% * ‘The modern shop window might well be held up as a model to little Johnny in the important matter of washing hands and face. Today shop windows fairly shine, un- der the ministrations of firms which make a specialty of handling the pail and mop. Imagine (if you can) a modern mother addressing her son thus: “See, dear little Johnny, how bright the beau- tiful window keeps itself! Its little ears, if it may be said to have ears—an I really think there is no harm in such a picture of speech—{fairly glisten from soap and water. “S8o, my son John, your big ears will shine if you will just kindly hold still in the morning bath and stop kicking around so, you little rascal!™” Shop windows similarly preach les- sons of order. The basis of modern window decoration is a Plu:e for every- thing and everything in its place. ‘The cluttered-up, untidy window is diuururin‘ from the street scene. Simplicity, the keynote of modern deco- ration, has stepped in under the guid- ance of window dressers, and has ob- them at the present | Jaundry branch offices—the list could 1 literated too much of anything. In- telligence guides. W Every pedestrian _has his favorite types of windows. With one it will be a clothing store. Clothes are a stand- ard necessity which never lose their charm and appeal. Some, of course, put more stock in them than others. To some men and women the window displaying wearing apparel is the most interesting on the street. Others revel in dgerlnl into book store windows, reading the titles and authors of the works, noting the framed pictures, the book-ends, lamps, etch- ings. gumlture constitutes another great appeal to human beings. Here life comes to the fore with a rush. Life since the earliest days has been mixed up with chairs, tables, beds. These constitute the fundamentals. ‘The | amazing variations which we see every- where today are the result of tims and civilization grinding humanity in its curious destiny. Food, the primary necessity, is not so evident in shop windows as one might thipk it would be, juqging from its pre-eminent place in the human economy. t is true that we have scores of food stores with interesting window displays, but there is perhaps not as much window shopping done here as in other lines.” The food-seeker often goes straight to his objective without noppln.( t‘a &)ol: Mngazine stores, tobacco stores, ra- dio stores, drug stores, confectionery stores, electrical stores, supply stores, novelty stores, automobile displays, be extended for feet on paper and miles in fact. If one can overlook the danger to life and limb involved in a walk along busy thoroughfares, he not only will get some good and perhaps very much needed constitutional exercise, but also he will refresh his mind and eyes with the shop window pictures of the multi- tudinous needs of human beings. It was Diogenes Laertes, we believe, who sald, after he had looked over the few in the Athens of long ago, “How many thlnfl there are which I do not want!” is philosophical Te- mark is to be carried in mind toda: when one sees something he would like to have but has not the money to pur- chase. Its quaint wisdom may prove & solace. Diogenes would either change his tune or be further convinced of its truth if he could take a walk around a modern American city. There is some- thing for every one, something for every need, something to entertain, to inspire, to use, to be helpful. Diogenes, no more than any of us, d | would be forced to buy everything he sees. Why, no one human being could possibly need or buy all that a modern drug store carries. But he needs one thing one time, something else another, and his thousands of brother and sis- ter human beings need everything else nn:;ns them all. goes up and down every street. We would like to see every window fresh and new every morning. We feel that the shopkeepers owe us something, for we are the audience, the great passing audience. They call us “prospects,” bul we know we are audience at one of life's most interesting shows. Many Vital Issues Must Be Cleared Up If Great Naval Conference Succeeds < BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER. PARIS.—It would apparently be & mistake to believe that the Anglo- American naval compromise has in- sured the final success of ¢the five-power conference to be held at London next January. This compromise greatly diminishes the chances of failure, but many serious difficuliies remain. The experts and statesmen of the nations concerned are now studying these difficulties with & view to removing as many as possible in advance by preliminary secret nego- tiations. Exchanges of views separately among all concerned are about to begin. The principal questions, which must re- celve satisfactory answers either now or later, may be listed as follows: Shall ‘the conclusions of the confer- ence, if successfully achleved, be bind- ing and final, as the United States and Great Britain and perhaps Japan wish, or shall they be contingent on a gen- eral disarmament agreement, including land and air forces, under the auspices of the League of Nations, as France and Italy wish? Shall naval limitation be made on the basis of global tonnage, as France and ?urits, a8 the United States, Great Britain and ly Japan prefer, or shall there be a reversion to the so-called French compromise of Geneva limiting by cate- gories, but permitting, under certain re- stri etions, the transfer of tonnage from | al one category to another, as France and Italy desire and the United States seems willing to consider? Freedom of the Seas. Shall the freedom of the seas be dis- cussed? It is well known that the British government, prior to Premier Macdonald's visit to Washington, con- sidered this the keystone of the whole problem, as did also Senator Borah, but at Washington President Hoover and Macdonald apparently agreed to open separate secret and technical negotia- tions on the subject at their future con- venience. It is, therefore, now not Great Britain and the United States who want to discuss the freedom of the seas at London, but France, which threatens to broach the topic. If, for example, Great Britain and the United States persist in their proposal to abol- ish submarines, or at least to abolish big crulsing submarines, the French will perhaps agree on condition that all the seas be declared strictly neutral and flll:'/lnz forbidden outside territorial waters. Question of Capital Ships. Shall capital ships be discussed? Shall the replacement program of the capital ships laid down in the Wash- ington tre-t‘.be extended for reasons of economy? Shall the size of capital ships be gradually scaled down to, say, 27,000 tons instead of 35,000 as now, on the theory that the smaller ships would be cheaper and just as good? Shall the ‘Washington ratios for capital ships be strietly maintained or will Japan, Prance and Italy insist henceforth on hir*er percentages? Shall capital ships be abolished altogether as France, in answer to the Anglo-American sugges= tion about abolishing submarines, seems to suggast? What about cruisers? Shall they be considered in two categories, those hav- ing 8-inch and those having 6-inch | guns, as the Anglo-American compro- mise purposes? Assuming Great Brit- n willing to content herself with 16 e cruisers, shall the United States have 18, as Great Britaln proposes, or “Does your wife drive from the back seat?” ot invariably,” answered Mr. Chug- gins. “She also begins to drive from the front seat at the breakfast table.” “He who nas nothing to sell,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “has nothing to live for.” Banquet Precedence. A banquet holds & lofty place For one who is to fame well known. Th spite of the Toast Master's grace, The Guest of Honor holds his own. “A lost chicken,” ssid Uncle Eben, “Is another exsmple of de dat results fum makin' foolish nighd* 21, as the United States seems to desire? Will Japan, France and Italy be con- tented withi 12, 8 and 8 respectively, which they now have bullt or are build- ing, and will Great Britain be satisfied with only 15, if France and Italy have 8 aplece? Simlilarly, what shall be the ratios in smaller t; crulsers? What about troyers, reality, constitute another type of crulsers? What shall be thelr maximum? What shall the destroyer ratio of each country be? Other Types of Ships. ‘What provision shall be made regard- ing the development of still other types of powerful surface fighting ships_dur- ing the term of the new treaty? - ress in naval shipbuilding is rapid. muuno(wd-ynrawum&m- ful than the capital ships at be- of uu.mtum hes 1 cruiser, armed m‘fl: inch guns, which by its speed can es- cape from -capital ships and by its armament beat any 8-inch-gun cruiser. Germany is bufiding three more of these. Will any other power desire to construct similar types? How can this desire be conciliated with the new treaty and what hypothetical ratios should be established. Submarine Issue. . What about the burning issue of sub- marines? Great Britain considers them disloyal weapons and wants to prohibit them. France and Italy contend they are the poor man's venron against the rich man and only disioyal when dis- loyally used. Japan tends to agree on this point with France and Italy. The United States seems to be supporting the British contention, but without much conviction, If submarines are not abolished, shall they be diverted into two categories, Great Britain wishes, those of the larger type to be capable of long sea voyage, and those of smaller capacity merely for coast de- fense? Shall both categories be limited, i or only the larger? In what ratios? Shalil the conference consider hydro- planes and naval air squadrons? There are believed by experts to be at least as destructive of capital ships as sub- ma . American tests revealed the possibility of accurate bombing from a relatively safe height—10,000 feet. Planes can also fire torpedoes consider- le distances by swooping and can pursue fleets into bases. But if naval air forces are considered, how can these be practically distinguished from other air forces? In connection with ratios, Italy in- sists on complete parity with France in all classes of ships, just as the United States insists on complete parity with Great Britain. The Anglo-Amer- ican ty has been practically reached, but the Franco-Italian compromise still remains to be found, for France thus far vigorously resists the Italian claim. It is from this point of view that the Franco-Italian separate negotiations, ‘which are now about to begin, are par- ticularly interesting. If PFrance and Italy eannot agree, the whole confer- ence is jeopardized. Moreover, if France and Italy agree on too high a tonnage figure, Great Britain may be .obliged to request a revision of the Anglo-American compromise tonnage figures Finally, if the conference falls owing te the Franco-Italian problems, can some sort of three-power agreement of Japan, United States and Great Britain be_submitted? It will be readil; going list that ti task of preparing the conference and negotiating the new treaty of London are facing numbers of very serious ob- stacles. (Copyright. 129.) seen from the fore- Richmond Welcomes Tobacco Factory From the Richmond News Leader. Richmond assuredly will welcome the new factory of the American Tobacco | Co. that is to raise the combined daily output of the Richmond plants above that of any city In the United States. The climate of Richmond, the familiar- ity of its workers with the processes of manufacturing cigarettes and the prox- imity of the tobacco belt make Rich- mond the natural capital of an industry that is growing with bewildering rapid- ity. Richmond enjoys the distinction, appreciates the contribution the tobac- co industry is mun“r ment and will facilitate through her administration and tax law the success- ful operation of every cigarette factory located here, now or hereafter. But once more it must be said that Richmond has other industrial ideals than that of merely becoming the cen- ter of the cigarette business. Richmond wants the work the tobacco factories glve young women, but Richmond wants still more the industries that will pay wages on which men can decently lug- port their familles. The basis of t city’s well-being is not the cigarette fac- tory, but the indust that employs lkmed labor at high wages. No city has ever yet grown great on wages that leave little after i by i e & are , NOW a8 R ‘The Wfinm&u y before been in contact with such peace. he pageant of the shop windows e confronting the | to her advance- |, o HE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1929. AND THAT THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover Hugh Walpole knows Russia well, in- cluding war-time Russia. He also Knows Russians. This knowledge is the basis of two of his most subtie novels, “The Dark Foresi” and “The Secret City,” and appears incidentally in many others. With this in mind. one can hardly read his latest novel, “Hans Frost,” without seeing in its theme the last weeks of Tolstoi's life. Tolstol, very old, embittered by his inability to bring his material life into harmony with his theories and- ideals, secretly left his home at Yasnaya Poliana and wan- dered off, with no definite aim, simply to end his life in freedom from all human interference. Iliness overtook him, and he died in a lonely monastery. Hugh Walpole’s Hans Frost, a veteran English novelist, whose seventieth birthday has just been celebrated by his colleagues, awakens fo the fact, through a train of circumstances, that he is not a free man; that | he has been flattered and coddled until {incrtia not inseparable from old age has settled upon him. This realiza- tion throws him into disharmony with everything in his comfortable, well or- dered life. It seems a case of acute artistic temperamentalism, but Mr. Wal- pole means it to signify more than that. Apparently possessing all that is desir- able in life—wealth, literary success and fame, honor among his associates, a beautiful, distinguished wife who has provided for him the milleu suited to establish him as a tradition—he is yet miserable because he feels himself en- slaved by all these things. So, with the undercurrent of desire to break away from his enviable, too perfect surround- ings, when accident offers opportunity, he drifts off without definite intention {and never returns. We leave him liv- ing in two whitewashed rooms in a tiny cottage high on a hillside in a small “Glebeshire” fishing village. “Directly in front of him was a roughly cobbled square. On this boats were drawn up, and beyond it bright yellow sand ran out to a misty, glittering sea. Clus- tering around it were the heaped cot- tages, white and gray, two of them with green shutters, one with blue; little flights of steps ran irregularly to the higher tier of little houses. In front of some of them as they climbed up the hill were small gardens with chrysanthe- mums and fat, deep-green bushes. It was all like a painted scene.” Here Hans Frost “knew that he had never * * He didn't know it, but in the bad at which he was now looking he would one day die.” * ok ko ‘The sudden love of Hans Frost for his wife's niece, 19-year-old Nathalie Swan, protective, paternal, but certainly not free from egotism, is probably plau- sible enough, but seems to cloud the spiritual theme of the search of Hans for perfect freedom from human ties and material slavery before his death. In following Nathalie in her flight, for her protection, he happens upon the re- treat of his last days. He feels that in the girl he has found at the end of his life a human relation of complete un- derstanding. “Once or twice in a man's life, if he is lucky, he loves some one, man or woman, with complete trust, with a great sentiment of honourable dealing, understanding, noble generos- ity, and is loved in return in truest fashion. After their talk last evenin he knew that they felt, and now woul always feel, such a love for one another. Nothing could touch or harm it.” Yet he admits to himself with perfect hon- esty that.he does not wish even Nathalle to share his solitude. He tells Ruth,| his wife, who has comé down to the| remote west corner of England to find him and bring him back to London comfort and safety and trammels, that he is never coming back, and that he wishes no one to share his exile. In her natural lack of comprehension of his behavior she accuses him of being in_love with Nathalle. He denies it calmly: “She's my niece, you kn I'm not as modern as all that. Resides, I'm too old.” plains further to her puzzled min “There is no one in my life, no one at all. I'm tired cf people, tired of human | beings. Nathalie is a darling, but I'd be tired of her, too, if I saw very much of her.” . * k¥ % ‘The Hohenzollerns were autocrats in Germany for six centuries. Their his- tory has been written by Herbert Eulen- berg in “The Hohenzollerns.” The first important appearance of the Hohenzol- lerns in history was as margraves of Brandenburg, and the first member of the house to consolidate dynastic power was the Elector Frederick William I, the Great Elector. Herr Eulenberg as- serts that it was his connivance, or at least his passivity, which permitted Louis XIV of France to become pos- sessed of Strasbourg and much of Al- sace-Lorraine, He was thus an enemy of his country, though its hero in his- tory. Of Frederick the Great. Herr Eulen- berg says: “There is sométhing startling, almost shocking for the modern Ger- man in Frederick’'s aversion for—nay, active hatred of—all things German. The recent attempts to make this man of all men, this scorner of Germany, who himself spoke, wrote and thought nothing but French, the prototype and champion of a new German folk move- ment betrays the total lack of historic sense among us.” Willlam I, founder of the empire, is the Hohenzollern con- sidered by most non-students of history as the founder of the dynasty. He had little tolerance for the German revolu- tionists of 1848, because they threatened the empire, yet he was not on the whole | illiberal. He -was the son of Queen Louise of Prussia and the grandfather of Kaiser Wilhelm of the World War. For this last of the Hohenzollerns to rule, at least up to the present time, Herr Eulenberg has little but denuncia- tion. Willlam II, he says, destroyed the results of centurles of German thrift, energy and intelligence. The warlike actions and speeches of the Kaiser he considers, much as does Emil Ludwig, as a protective mechanism to conceal | his real lack of courage. “On the eter- | nally ignominious night of his deses tion William II demonstrated before all men that the resounding phrases with | which he had deluged his country for |five and twenty years were so much | lummery. himself no more than an |actor. He was, indeed, one of the most brilliant frauds ever wrapped in royal ermine.” A record of the part of the World War seen by a German private is given in “All Quiet on the Western Front,” by Erich Maria Remarque, translated from the German by A. W. Whee; It is the stery of an average boy of about 20 who, without knowing or caring much about the issues of the war, was sent to the German front to fight. None of the horrors of the trenches is m’ou’r‘ but even worse than those was the psychological effect upon the young men who were made old and cynical almost before they had been young and happy. In the fore- word the author calls his book a tale of a “generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war.” This tragedy has gone on increasing in intensity dur- ing the decade since the war. The book is in the form of the journal of Paul Bl&xmer. whose death is recorded at the end. * * % Emil Ludwig, chronicler of so many famous lives, has written a book of travel which shows ition of serious man abroad. ranean Shores” is not a mere reco: sightseeing. The sight of the glisten- ing blue inland sea and its varied and charming shores stimulates not only the iagination of Herr Ludwig but also his historical sense and his philosophic mind. The history and art of Egyp and of Greece are implied in all that he sees, and reflections over human pettiness in relation to the passing of | nations and races are the accompani- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS - BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This is a special department, devoted solely to the handling of queries. This paper puts at your disposal the serv- ices of an extensive organization in | Weshington to serve you in any ca- pacity that relates to information. This service is free. Fallure to make use of it deprives you of benefits to which you are entitied. Your obligation is only 2 cents in coin or stamps, in- closed with your inquiry, for direct reply. Address The Evening Star In- formation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Q. Does the United States export more than it imports?>—F. E. A. The exports exceed the imports. In the fiscal year 1929 the exports reached a total value of $5,374,000,000, :ol-‘x;l:oounpom ‘were valued at $4,292,- Q. When did Woodrow Wilson use the expression that the world must be made safe for democracy?—F. L. A. In his address to Congress, April 2, 1917, President Wilson used the words, “The world must be made safe for democracy.” . Why isn’t rustless iron or stain- less steel used in building construc- tion?—J. F. A. It has been introduced and mod- ern builders are employing it for many purposes. Q. What portion "of a cigarette is discarded and wasted?—S. H. A. Most cigarette smokers throw away cigarettes when they are about 1Y4 inches long. . _Did the Graf Zeppelin girdle the earth?—S, A. N. A. Speaking literally, it did not. It would be necessary to follow a great circle dividing the earth into halves in order to go around the world. All the flights have followed lesser circles be- tween the Equator and the North Pole. Q. What town has a liars’ contest annually?—S. B. W. . In connection with its home- coming festivities, the town of Servia, Ind., holds an annual “liars’ contest,” at which time prizes are offered for the most competent liar. Q. How far was it from New York to Hawaii by water before the Panama Canal was opened?—A. S. A. From New York to Hawalil, the old all-water route was 12,800 miles; nowadays the trip through the canal makes the journey only 7,000 miles. Q. _What is gentiane?—S. S, A. It is a liquor made from gentian ]flo';em It is a product of Switzer- land. Q. Is the original of Poe's “Eulalie” still in existénce?—S. D. W. A. The original manuscript of ¥i- gar Allan Poe's “Eulalie” is in the library of Yale University and with other ‘rare editions of this poet was ex- hibited recently in cbeervance of the anniversary of his death. Q. Are you not mistaken in saying that American railroads were all stand- ard gauge when first built?>—J. N. H. A. We quoted a statement to that effect. Upon further research-we find that some of the early roads were not standard. Controversy arose over tne question of gauges and in the early 1880s most of the lines which had been laid down to odd gauges were changed to standard. Q. How much does a baby elephant weigh?—O. J. B. A. It weighs from 160 to 200 pounds at birth. Q. Did a son of Alexander Hamil- ton’s fight a duel?>—C. H. P. A. Philip Hamilton fought a duel at Weehawken, N. J., in the place where the Burr-Hamilton duel occurred thrce years later. Young Hamilton shot nhnd mortally wounded, dying 20 hours ter. Victory, erman h; Q. Who was the model of the figure which leads Gen. Bh the equestrain statue by Sain! A. A Southern girl is said to have pased for this figure. Q. How many milk bottles 'S one quart of milk Yequire?—R. E. 5 A. A Washington dairy says four: | one with the milk in; one empty. being returned; a third in the dairy for thet next day's milk; a fourth held in re-! serve to replace any broken, Ibst, etc. | ‘What are Thomas A. Ediscn’s fa. vorite songs?—E. S. A. “Sweetest Story Ever Told, “Kathleen Mavourneen,” “I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen,” “When I’Il: Gone, You'll Soon Forget” and “Thal Rome of hi favoriies, 6?"3‘.'."m'° - some of vorites. Vi he is particularly fond of ‘Wagner. Are there more telephones or m;r‘z Jutomoblles in the United Statgst: A. There are more automobiles than telephones. Automobiles and _trucks totaled abcut 24,400,000 in 1928 and telephones about 18,500,000. A tele« phone serves more people than an auto- bile can, so it cannot be said that more people use automobiles than telephones. . How shculd the salutation of & letiir to the dp;mémnot the Upited States be worded?—B. L. A. If it is & formal letter the sajuta- tion would be “Mr. President.” 1f'it is an informal letter it may begin “My Dear Mr. President.” . Am ‘what type of crlgxu of?glqoe usually H. V. Z. A. ‘A survey of prisons reveals the fact that the illiterate classes consti= tuted the main of those pun= ished for crimes of violence, the educated classes were more Tep~ resented by those serving time for crimes against property. Q. How much does it cost New York City to keep its streets clear of snow and ice in the Winter time?—K. 8. A. In the Winter of 1928-29 it was necessary to employ 18,000 men the expense amounted to $860,231.61. If the moon is now nfim1 far~ thg: from the earth, when will it ree turn?—E. O. G. A. The Naval Observatory says it i stated by Jeffreys, who has made an elaborate mathematical investigation of the subject, that the moon will begin to return to the earth before it reaches twice its present distance and will con= tinue to approach until it comes 30 near that it will be torn to the attraction of the earth. ments will then form a ring earth like that of Saturn. Russell, without disputing this conclusion, adds that the sun may have ceased to shine before this exceedingly slow recession and return of the moon are completed. 72— U. S. Chance of Establishing Freedom of Is there a possibility that the United States may win a century-old battle for general recognition of “freedom of the seas”? The question is widely debated as discussion of the negotiations with Great Britain on the subject of naval armament goes on. Opinjons differ as to the possibility of enforcing such free- dom, one editor referring to any possi- ble agreement as another “scrap of pa- per.” Some enthusiasm is shown as to the prospect that the principle may gain a victory. “That freedom of the seas will ever be an unregulated or unrestrained freedom in war is not expected,” contends the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. “Optimistic predictions that the old problem is|be about to be solved may be based on specific plans already under way look- ing to regulations on which all may agree. On the other hand, they may be based on dispositions of a different sort, so promising in insuring peace and preventing misunderstandings that the old problem will be solved by rendering the principle of the freedom of the seas only negligible in importance. If dur- ing & war some nations insist that certain set of ocean traffic regulations must be observed, while other nations insist that only a set differing in many respects is entitled to be observed, great friction and unpleasantness are bound to result.” A similar point is raised by the Wor- ster Telegram, with the statement Every nation which is a member of the League of Nations must help to| carry on & war against an aggressor nation. Therefore, in such a case there will be no neutrals except among na- tions outside the League, and even those nations will not be neutrals in the old sense. Modern warfare will de- mand the strict regulation of their com- merce. They will either submit to it, thus taking the side of the League, or take the side of the declared aggressor to the extent of fighting for their free- dom of commerce or withdraw entirely from the sea. The last course would not fit the dignity or the position of the United States, which would there- fore be left the alternative of virtually fighting on one side or the other over the matter of commerce on the seas.” England and America agreed well on the problem. Lansing State Journal. ‘W land has laid a blockade she has in- sistad that it ought to be respect®, but as often the United States has replied that it was none of England's business with whom the United States traded. That was true in the opening days of the World War, It perhaps will be re- membered that there is a provision in the covenant of the League of Nations whereunder the League may bring a blockade against a nation the League may dee;nnx::m disci) lnla!‘ Bul:: lg: worry of League continues ‘What will the United States do if we proclaim a blockade?” The question is something of a poser, for it has lon; been our traditional policy that we would do in the matter what pleases us. The question now is, Is the United Stetes to enter into some kind of an agreement whereunder it will act with other nations in case a blockade is be- lleved necessary?” “The final and complete ‘freedom of the seas’ will be something to witness,” advises the Fort Worth Record-Tel gram, with the belief that “about the only thing necessary for establishment is to practice it.” The Hartford Cou- rant, however, states that “the war taught many things, and among them it taught Great Britain that in the event of another war this American doctrine of freedom of the seas might be her salvation, The feeling of confi- dence on both sides of the Atlantic, continues the Courant, “that no war can arise between Britain and the United States has caused the British people to change their traditional atti- tude toward a right that America always insisted on—the right to tr: uninterruptedly with other nations, whether in pecce or in war, consistent with her own neutrality. Dependent as she is on the world at large for her ment of his travels. * % kX Arnold Zweig, author of “The Case of Sergeant Grischa,” is said turalistic and his sustenance, Great Britain begins to see the necessity of keepi the sea free | will of the majority, thus crea Seas Discussed { come to pass; America is now resolved to celebrate | vouchsafing its fruitful results to | nations, weak as well as strong, littl® |as well as big. In this effort to make | ‘the United States doctrine of freedom of the seas’ universally and uniforml; accepted, America is now joined Britain, the nation which heretofore has insisted upon dissenting from the American viewpoint.” ‘“Perhaps Great Britain and: the United States, being the strongest two {naval powers in the world,” sa; | Portsmouth (Ohio) Daily Times, working out the disarmament problem {may also establish a definite policy to | rsued in war or peace as to freedom of the seas. It is not unlikely, however, that such a policy might, like the Belgian neutrality treaty, to which | Germany was a party, turn’ into only {‘a serap of paper’ under the complica- i tions of war-time necessities.” |~ Considering further the practical as- | pects of the matter, the Lincoln State Journal expresses the view that “under the Kellogg pact this country would not desire to carry on ocean trade with | nation that had violated the treaty’ | that every signatory power “should istand agreed on the matter of com- | merce with warring nations.” The | Asheville Times asks in connection with Ithu phase, “But will the United States enter into such an obligation, even to the extent of agreeing not to in should a majority of the nations declare |a blockade against a violator of the | Kellogg-Briand pact?” | _Calling the question one whose settle- ! ment “is altogether desirabl the San | Antonio Express comments: ~ “Here | fore Great Britain has insisted on the |right in war time to stop neutral mer= | chantmen on the ocean and take from ‘Emhm what may be listed as contraband. e list was lengthened greatly during the World War.” 5 i | Left-Turn Hazard Cited In Uniformity Argument From the Engineering News Record. Since the left turn at street intersec~ tions must, by its very nature, interfers somewhat with the even flow of traffic, it is not surprising that efforts to mini- mize this interference have resulted in a variety of regulations on the subject in different cities. All of these have | thefr advantages and disadvantages, | and none offers the perfect solution. More than a year ago the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety, after careful study, ade standard the turn from the left traffic lane on the green light, a system which had already attained widespread ac- ceptance and which has, since that 3 almost universal. Un- fortunately, however, there are still & few cities, notably Philad: ‘Washington, which refuse to accept the an entirely unnecessary traffic hnulnr% to the detriment of their own citizens. Violation due to ignorance of the spe. cial regulations in these places is bad |'enough, but is unlikely to result in se- | rlous accident because it occurs 8o, fre= quently that the native driver is | pared for it. | Far more dangerous are the unusual | maneuvers attempted, from force of habit, by the native driver when he himself becomes a tourist: violations of the established law which - find other drivers totally unprepared and which are bound to result in confusion, if not in serious accident. Traffic authorities are striving to reduce traffic accidents— can they consistently ignore vious danger? Plausible as may argument that ‘“conditions here different,” it cannot outweigh the vious necessity for uniformity in control. ————— He Saw His Chance. Prom the Florence (Ala.) He | T e o s e v a week. a s clerk probably simplified the feat. in; and open between herul(‘ and the great- est of all commercial nations—the United States.” ““The triumph of an idea” is hailed note th N e B s, g o e Seen as Only Solution. From the Des Moines Tribune-Capital. Eventually the able to drive on &