Evening Star Newspaper, August 25, 1929, Page 4

: THE SUNDAY ‘STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST 25, 1929—PART 1. 4 = A > SUPERLINER WORK Building Program Delayed Pending Government’s Mail Contract Decision. Plans for four new transatlantic lin- ers have been suspended by the United | States Lines, Inc., pending final Gov- ernment decision on its Ip})llcl!hrn for ;n-u contracts, it was disclosed yester~ ay. The corporation’s stand, regarded in administration quarters as a demand for a showdown, was stated diplo- matically in a brief filed with Walter F. Brown, Postmaster General, challeng- ing his conclusion that the lines’ ad- vertised financial condition did nof seem to require or justify such a Fed- eral subsidy. N J. E. Sheedy, executive vice president of the lines, amplified with a direct statement that it was useless for the corporation to proceed to the further development of its plans so long as there was uncertainty about the mail contract. $80,000,000 Deal. ‘The projected expansion of the United States Lines’ fleet calls for an expendi- ture of about $80,000,000 for two new superliners of the Leviathan class, prob- ably bigger and faster the Bre- men, which were to be laid down within the next six months, and two fast cabin liners to replace the President Harding and the President Roosevelt. It was disclosed that preparations for the cabin liners had vroceeded to a g:lm ‘where the preliminary plans had en filed with the Shipping Board pre- paratory to calling for bids. This was the initial step toward seeking Govern- ment loans of about $60,000.000, by far the largest yet contemplated under the Jones-White act to encourage develop- ment of an independent American mer- chant marine. ‘The corporation’s brief, made public yesterday although filed more than two ‘weeks ago, declared that “a privately owned and operated American mer- chant marine cannot be developed nor new vessels constructed by private means unless the Government and all departments thereof adhere to the an- mounced policy of the Government, not only by statutory recital, but also by from day to day extending to privately owned and operated American merchant marine and to those engaged therein the benefits solemnly promised by the | existing legislation of Congress.” Congress May Get Case. Since the United States Lines. Inc., ! is under contract with the Government | to start building the superliners not later than February 13, 1930, its present stand is interpreted to mean that the contract will be voided in some way if the mail contracts, amounting to $23,- 000,000 for a 10-year period, are not forthcoming. If the situation reached such a crisis, however, it would no doubt be laid before Congress by either side in the present controversy. The foundation of the deadlock over the development of the premier fleet of the new American merchant marine appears to lie in administration dis- pleasure with the manner in which P. ‘W. Chapman & Co., Ine., proceeded to finance the United States Lines after buying the fleet from the Shipping | Board. So far as can be learned, no question has been raised as to the financial re- sponsibility of the new management of the lines, but rather a question as to whether the Chapman corporation was not, by its stock prospectus and other advertising, painting a picture of close relationship with the United States ‘Government. Denies Misrepresentation. ‘That any such thing has been intend- | ed by Chapman or the United States ' Lines, Inc., is vigorously denied by the Chapman interests. The brief, howzver, ' claims that there is mutual co'igation under tie Jones-White law and the con- | tract covering the sale of the United | States Lines, wherein the Government is expected to give the corporation & chance to bid on mail contracts and also to assist it with loans up to 75 per cent of the construction cost of new ships and favorable insurance contracts, and the corporation s required to post a bond of $2,500,000 to guarantee a reg- ular service on the routes bought, to use American labor in the majority of its crews and to use ships adaptable to quick conversion into naval auxiliaries in time of war. . The corporation maintains, in its brief, that it has lived up to its obliga- tions and met the requirements for North Atlantic mail contracts between New York and Bremen, Plymouth and Cherbourg, and challenges the right of the Postmaster General to withhold the contracts on the grounds stated in his letter to Mr. Sheedy of July 11, 1929, published yesterday in the New York Herald Tribune. On behalf of President Hoover's in- terdepartmental committee on award of mail contracts, Mr. Brown took the po- sition that the United States Lines, Inc., had shown by their own stock pro- spectus that they did not need the mail contract subsidy, this in view of a state- ment in the Chapman prospectus that * the lines expected to make $2,500,000 in the first year of operation to mest the requirements of 600,000 shares of pref- erence stock. Deny Large Melon Cut. It is denied by the corporation’s brief that it is overcapitalized, or plan- ning to pay unreasonably large divi- forcement In small force of Federal prohibition agen! to do the work of local police in MRS. WILLEBRAND ' necessary to make prohibition en- really effective. : the first place, let me deny that there is an; g very complicated or intricate about the problem of enforce- ment of the prohibition law. The task of enforcing that law is in its essen- tials as simple as that of enforcing any other law. That way is to definitely establish personal responsibility for en- forcement. Let me illustrate. In each county of the United States there is one person ‘whose responsibility it is to finally en- force the law against murder, If that person fails to prosecute murderers, or his term of office will be short; the community will not tolerate a condition that is dangerous to it. The failure of prohibition enforce- ment, its lack of effectiveness so far, is due very largely to failure to definitely center personal nspomlbfllt?. ‘The condition was well illustrated in drawn by J. N, Ding, entitled ‘When the Comumission to Investigate Law Enforcement Begins to Investigate (Exhibit A)."” ‘The cartoon showed a party of dis- tinguished gentlemen, with high hats, carrying note books, and in charge of a guide, making an investigation of “The Buckpassers’ League.” ‘The “Buckpassers’ League” was represented as a long row of men leaning back in their chairs, with their feet on their desks and blithely engaged in tossing about high in the air, from one to another, a straw man labeled Law En- forcement. Those who sat at the desks and who were engaged in this sport were labeled “Courts,” “Police,” “County Attorney,” “Grand Jury,” “Detective,” “Sheriff,” “Expert Witness,” “Alienist,” “District Attorney,” “Jury,” “City Gov- ernment,” etc. The Crime Commission’s Job. This is a true picture of present conditions. It is a condition that can and should be corrected. I do mot doubt that out of the investigation of the President’s Law Enforcement Com- mission will come recommendations that will be of value in doing away with red tape and centralizing and defi- nitely establishing responsibility. But long before that commission is ready to make its detailed report a great deal can be done to put prohibition on an effective basis. Every law, whether applying to & single village or the whole Nation, must be locally enfored if it is to be effec- tively enforced. I am not_seeking by this statement to relieve the Federal Government of any responsibility for enforcement of the prohibition law. Every speech I made in the last presidential campaign was directed to driving' home to the people the realization that the Presi- dent of the United States can almost “make or break” the Constitution, not only with respect to prohibition en- forcement, but enforcement of the other laws enacted under Federal au- thority, the anti-trust laws, the pure ood laws, the laws for the protection of men employed by railroads in inter- state commerce, etc. If gbe President (and I am speaking in general terms now and not of any particular Presi- dent) is of such a disposition or tem- perament that he avoids conflict, or endeavors to assure his own re-election by incurring the favor of politicians controlling State delegations, he can make prohibition enforcement difficult or ineffective. He can appoint unfit Federal judges, district attorneys, mar- shals, and other officers of the law. He can fail to remove from office men who have deliberately violated their pledge to enforce all laws, including the pro- hibition law. He can appoint to or re- tain in office men who are only haif- hearted or incompetent in the admin- istration of the prohibition law. Local Co-operation Needed. The President appoints the heads of the various printrpl\ departments of the Government, including the Secre- tary of the Treasury,’who has general supervision over the ‘work of the pro- hibition unit or division. The Secretary of the Treasury supervises the collectors of internal revenue, cusioms 2gents ai insp~ l‘gf:lrn whose duty it is to viola tion of the Federal laws. Furih-rmore. the President appoinis the Atlorney General, who supervises the United States district attorneys through the country in prosecutions under the pro- hibition law and other Federal statutes. An indefinite or hostile or incompetent Attorney General can prevent effective enforcement of the prohibition or anti- trust law, or any other Federal law of importance. The responsibility soes back to the President in the final analysis. Ngomclal in Washington, however— not even the President—can enforce the prohibition law or any other law throughout the United States without local co-operation. The President, act- ing through his Attorney General, may appoint an honest, sober, competent district attorney in one of the larger cities of the country, but if the people in that city are indifferent to their obligations to vote, to keep or make the municipal and State governments hon- est and efficient, the United States af torney will be hampered and thwarted in_his efforts to enforce the law. If the head of the city government is a mayor who appoints a chief of po- lice who protects bootleggers and divides the graft with politicians large and small; if the county or State prosecuting | g, attorney is of the same t%u the mayor, the United States et af torney cannot possibly hope to effec. tively enforce the prohibition law. It is impossible for a mmpurntlveg small bootlegging cases, and when all such cases are diverted to the limited num- ber of Federal courts, with only one or two judges in a large district, juryrials cannot be had for months or even yea: ‘This enables bootleggers to continue to dends, but it submitted that “unques- tionably the development of an Ameri- States,” as contemplated by Congress, “cannot be accomplished unless there | definite, practical step “; be created a situation wherein funds at | effective _enforcement of this time invested in American mer- chant marine can haye reasonable as- surance of a fair return somewhat in excess of the returns customarily real- ized on funds invested in the more staple industries and wherein uncon- trolled and uncontrollable competition is not constantly threatened.” Mr. Sheedy, in an interview here, declared he would go no further with his expansion plans until the Govern- ment's attitude toward the United States Lines was made plain by the award of a mail contract. If there was to be no postal ccntr:::! he sadi, there would be no point in a Govern- ment loan for the fleet expansion. “While there is any question about the award of the mali contracts,” he said, “it is useless to go ahead with further development of these plans.” - The preliminary plans now before the Shipping Board, accor to Mr. Sheedy, call for two 30,000-ton vessels, each 750 feet long, to replace the Presi- dent Harding and President Roosevelt, which, the administration is advised in the brief, “are not well suited to the $10,000,000 each, he superliners are estimated to $50,000,000 to $60,000,000 each, he said. Added to the $16,200,000 purchase for the United States Lines and 000 offered for the American and ica France Lines, he pointed out that the United States Line have dealings with the Government in- mvlng an expansion program of $100, Jane Addams Speaks, operate even while under indictment. Systematic Division. T have pointed out in another chap- ter what I now repeat here as one insure more prohibition. That is to systematically divide and apportion responsibility between the ral Government and State and local governments so that there will be no overloading of part of the machinery ‘l’:’ law en]!nrfen'\enzh::dt, on fihl other no lack of & ype of person- ne.lngor difficult cases beyond nuw reach or_strength of local authority. I have been accused of resigning my position in a pique because, so the re- port goes, the President refused to con- centrate all prohibition enforcement activities in the Department of Justice and under my immediate m“arvmon. ‘Those who want to believe such a story can do so. I have never thought it worth while to deny all the baseless rumors about prohibition and prohibi- tion enforcement that have gained cir- culation during the eight years that I was connected with the work. I most emphatically do “believe responsibility m.:rohmunn policies should be cen- ‘in some one place in the Govern- ment, and have long both so stated pub- lu:l‘l "cnd privately. i nothing origin me about that idea. I%om than five years from | Government terest of efficiency. Tecomm was “the elimination of all non- the De- Rnd there was specifl lc ition connives or conspires with murderers, | I has ctors, and various forces of inves- | (Continued From First Page. ted from tme to time to the Secre- = of t.;ul :l‘reuury widt.h an utter absence of logic or sound reason. But, regardless of what the experts say, the reader will want to know the “why"” of the proposal to centralise pro- hibiiion enforcement authority some. where else than in the Treasury De. partment. “why” as I see it is that with responsibility divided as it is at present, there is n:hwly mrlrg t&e - dent, - gress, or the pecpl put a finger on [the weak spot in enforcement. Even this discussion of mine, showing @) weaknesses in efforts althoug] ve tried to make it definite, is bound to leave the reader with a feeling of, “Well, to whom can I to clean out politics from dominating United States attorneys’ office, raise civil ger- vice standards for agents, compel co- ordination of border forces, tighten up Iun rmits, and improve regulations?” And the answer now is, “A dozen differ- ent people.” The result is constant buck passing between them so fast that a person gets as dizzy trying to secure improvements as though watching a toe dancer whirl. The of the prohibition unit, Customs Service, Coast Guard Service, and the Presecution Di- vision in the Department of Justice spend much of their time saying, in effect, “It wasn't I, it was the other fellow who fell down on the job and let the bootleggers slip through.” Not More Money But Better Men. No great additional sum of money is nceded to improve prohibition enforce- ment. There is plenty of man power, thought not all of the right kind. But the man power isn’t made to work to the best advantage. For instance, there are six separate investigation units cf the Treasury Department, besides on: in the Post Office Department, one in the Immigration Service, and one in the Department of Justice. If they were made to work together in the right way, with the proper exchange of informa- tion and personnel, there would be more of the Remus type of bootlegger caught and convicted—the men at the head of the big liquor nings. Right in the Treasury Department 1t- self, there is a scattering of responsibil- ity that encourages “buck-passing” when anything goes wrong with prohibition enforcement. The Secretary of the the country. If he is really wrestling with problems of international finance. prohibition is bound to hit his blind spot! The real solution of the enforcement problem is to secure the close gm“gmx and proper co-ordination of the lous evidence-collecting branches of the Treasury Department with the presecut- ing agencies under the Department of Justice, There should be one head to determine policles. It doesn't have to be the Department of Justice, but cer- tainly control should be centralized somewhere. Plugging the Alcohol Leak. It is essential that bootleggers cut off from their supply of industrial or specially denatured alcohol. Prev- ously, I have stated in detail what the nlcohgle le?k l::m;x;u ';»fl t;nd how it can Plugg e ing regu‘a- tions and tightening up on permits. That the leak is a big one and that it can be stopped is amply proved by the work of Maj. Chester P. Mills, former prohibition administrator of the metro- politan district of New York.. He re- signed, he said, becauze politcal in- | fluence disrupted his force and his work. | In presenting ‘“the and most practicable plan to make the eighteenth amendment effective,” which won the ui'».ooo Durant prize award, Maj. Mills sa “In March, 1926, the withdrawal by such ‘alcohol’ permit holders in the sec- ond Federal district was 660,000 gallons of specially denatured alcohol a month. ny increasing vigilance and supervision of the activities of these permittees, | their number was materially decreased {and this volume was reduced: within d | year to approximately 351,000 gallons ednetion of 309.000 g21'ms a ting alcohel nreviously 1 chennels.™ When tire alcohol leak is plugged, there will be vastly less bootlegging in the United States of America than there is at present. Another method of improving prohi- bition enforcement will be to cut off the flow of liquor from Canada and other points outside the United States. First, | it will' be necessary to convince the Canadian authorities of the honest in- tentions and integrity of our own offi clals, in order to secure more effective ald from Canad A good start been made in recent changes in the Customs Service at Detroit. Second, it will be necessary to -strengthen our border patrol. There are mow two patrol organi- zations which might be co-ordinated or consolidated. There is a border patrol operating under the commissioner of customs in the Treasury Department, composed of 700 men. This service is disorganised and decentralized, operat- ing in local units under the political domination of the various collectors of customs. There is another unit under the Secretary of Labor known as the immi- gration border patrol. It consists of 400 men and rates under the direct rvision of the Commissioner of Im- ted by a capable h the border liquor situation, and working with the l?“e!p-rtme.nz of ‘Ju:l‘tle% "eould mmu'gy en smugg! of uor into e United States, i Civil Service Personnel Needed. ‘The fifth step toward making prohi- bition enforcement effective is complete elimination of political appointees from the enforcement organization.. As long as one-third of the prohibition force is made up of people who have not quali- fied under T Civil Service examina- A instrumental in ‘ceeping. dbhonger are ent est, untrained or stupid men in the service, there will be little possibility of the kind of enforcement that is required. ring Civil Service qualificat has not been wholly free froi influence. One Western attorney failed on the character examination for ob- reasons. After & number of politi- cal forces, including tor, had leaded and for hi l::d g Was correct. So politics must be kept away from Olvfr Service mmmpum. -’M nn‘:s ards for Civil Service qualifications ma. T Tocal ean To communities must be left re. sponsibility for the kind of police work it will t mm;gga and lquor plohlflflnm the ma n _agen whose honesty and integrity vouched for and who have Jjudgment as well as the eol&..cflon of z&fgggé . 100 per in takes only the “will to do it” one person in suthority te Al Oftodal i the same experts | Of that the work be taken from of the Secre- | l""“m mpuvhhl £ “Treasury Has Its Own Worries. menuniulmunplm. Secretary Treasury, David nnnl:pct‘ 1 unuurmzm': =) ,unh-guldh-mm ‘Treasury Department. Treasury Department to do to ve cent of el tions | garding llrpsn I MM U5, LINES HALT ZERRANDTS BEYLEY SESMMENDATIONS! I FYELAND OPENS 1t simply cannot be done. It is local ag‘l,nlnn and vigilance that will bring about effectiveness in the districts ut the colum".. I well recall the difficulties that I had in directing prosecution of an important llfimr con- spiracy case involving local officials at Mobile, Ala. The United States dis- trict attorney was a man who believed in prohibition enforcement and was honest in his efforts. The liquor ring, however, secured his indictment by a State grand jury, and while that in- dictment (subsequently dismissed) was pending, we could not use him to prose- cute the bootlegging ring. It was nec- zsu’ Ty, theliemre. to ':ecure the services of a special prosecutor. We had t.ge utmost difficulty in se- curing a campetent lawyer, and one who could be depended upon to prosecute fearlessly land vigorously. I insisted on ing & Democrat (which in a Repub- nam| lican administration is supposed to be a | Pe! capital offense). Hugo Black, a young man of vigor and courage and since elected Senator from his State, was cl n. But weeks were consumed in finding ‘s man of his type, and then more time was consumed in arranging details of his compensation. In the end, a special prosecutor was put to work, and the cases were carried to successful conclusion, with the con- viction of a number of the conspirators, including local officials. But these in- cidents (and there were many more of a like nature) have convinced me of the difficulty of doing the actual prosecut- ing from Washington. The responsi- bility is local for prohibition enforce- ment and only the general direction must be centralized and responsibility for policies accurately fixed in Wash- ington. Enforcement Possible. I believe, based on my often dis- illusioning but illuminating experience and knowledge of the liquor situation, that prohibition can be enforced, and now. I was born in Kansas on the Western plains near the Panhandle of ‘Texas. That strip of Texas territory was then a “no man’s land.” It had not_been brought under the authority of State law, and no law was enforced there. It was a harbor for criminals. Just a few months before my birth my father was almost killed and my uncle was slain in the defense of their homes from a lawless band that swept over Treasury necessarily must occupy most i from that law-defying area. The stories of his time with the financial affairs of | that my mother and father told con- cerning the situation had a deep in- fluence on my life. And so it seems to me that we now have throughout the country a “no man’s land,” which is the refuge for the dregs of society, the bootleggers, the thugs, ‘the potential murderers, the bribers, the grafters and criminals of every description, who live by preying on honest men and women. We have not effectively organized against them. These lawless elements took full ad- vantage of the disorganization of gov- ernmental agencies and the relaxed grip of local communities on sturdy and normal enforcement of law during the confused period following the World War. Various legal phases of the eight- eenth amendment and the Volstead act had to be tested in the courts, with uncertainty and confusion, until the ints were settled. The ‘orce of pro- g;’bmon agents created under the Vol- stead act was untrained, incompetent and sometimes dishonest. All these things were circumstances the boot- Jegger was not slow to turn to his ad- vantage. Liquor violators were there- fore entrenched and in strong position for several years before enforcement activity was even fairly well organized. The bootleggers and their allies still have much of the initial advantage. But they can and will be routed. Centralization Essential. If one person is given centralized au- thority to co-ordinate forces and estab- lish policies, if he be willing to face the difficulties and the infinite details of the task, and if he will stand up and take punishment and keep fighting he can carry the work on to success. He will have the backing of a President who has spent his life doing what timid men said was imj ible. It is & hard, thankless job. No one! knows that better than I. But I have the comfort of knowing, too, that I have | served in its most difficult period and enforcement has made some advance. There are some who will count me just another “out” in the game; others will say, “She made a sacrifice hit.” ‘What is said matters little, because of my sure conviction that the man who follows me will advance the policies in which I believe. In one sense I'm sorry to leave, ever on the wings of the challenge of avia- tion law. For in looking back over the past eight years (the full measure of public service for any lawyer who doesn’t want to get “governmentitis”) I realize that I have had a lot of fun in the struggle itself, because, as Presi- d'nA' ‘ve"fl‘x.ll\gl:n for the right is * ive g for the the m the world affords.” (Copyright, 1929, by Current News Features, SENATOR BINGHAM T0 SEE AIR RACES Chairman of National ‘Capital Commission Will Have Chance to Study Airports. Senator Bingham, .Republican, of Connecticut, chairman of the congres- sional commission studying the airport ements of the National Capital, have an opportunity this week to observe the Cleveland airport facilities. ‘The Senator will be in that city for the meeting of the National Acronautic Associal and for the air races. Senator Bingham will leave Wash- i.nfa\ Tuesday and go by wy)ane to Lakehurst, N. J., where he will boaic the Navy dirigible, Los Angeles, for the balance of the journey to Cleveland. ‘There have been no developments re- tion since Jon- in e without teking resolution recommended , which would have ted $500,000 from the Federal as an initial allotment toward nd and establishing an air- tion matter, gress recease action on the by the Hot reconvene until September 23. o PATROL TO CLEAR PATH FOR ZEPPELIN Will Assume Position About Graf on Appearance Near Los after the will not AIR RACES TODAY Planes and Flyers Galore in- vade City on Eve qf Aviation Classic. (Continued From First Page.) tween were more peculiar forms of ve- hicle than one would helieve possible. Lady Godiva, in a white bathing suit, peered around apprehensively for peep- ing Toms and found thousands of them, on the curbs, window ledges, cornices and roofs. Heap big -Injuns stalked paleface cowboys and a couple of divisions back the cavalry could be seen coming to the rescue—buckety, buckety. ‘There may not have beerf much dis- | tinguishable pattern to the parade, but it was big, noisy and colorful and quite good fun to the thousands upon thou- sands of natives and visitors who stood for several s in & hot sun or show- ered the paraders with torn telephone directories from office buildings in the spproved New York style. Plane Exposition Is Feature. ‘The parade broke up at the big Mu- nicipal Auditorium, where a $2,000,000 aeronautical exposition—figures by the same corps of estimaters—is being held. Tonight there were fireworks and a display of acrobatic flying over the city by illuminated airplanes. A musical pageant based upon aero- nautical themes was given on the! esplanade adjoining the city hall. - Tomorrow afternoon the air races roper will begin at the airport. Fol- owing the opening ceremonies a fleet of commercial planes will leave for Lima, Ohlo, on the first lap of another Ohio derby. There will be a race over a 40-mile course for planes powered | with war-time OXS5 motors. Formation fiying and combat maneuvers will be demonstrated by a squadron of six Marine Corps pursuit planes, a Navy pursuit squadron, a squadron of nine Army bombardment planes and & squadron of 18 Army attack planes. National Guard planes from various parts of the country will meet in a 70- mile race and there will be acrobatics by civilian and military pilots, including demonstrations of balloon ‘“busting.” | A race is scheduled for multi-motored planes of the transport class. For the first time in the history of the races there will be events for gliders, or motorless airplanes. Gliders | will be launched by towing behind auto- | mobiles and by towing behind airplanes. Pilots of motor-driven planes then will | emulate the glider people by nmmn;; oft their motors at 2,000 feet and land- ing to & mark on the field. Blimps to Fly in Formation. Another event unique to the races will be formation flying by the dirigibles | which circled over the parade route to- day. There is to be a_ civillan R:n-‘ chute jumping contest, the object being to land in a circle in the center of the field. In addition to these scheduled events it is possible that one or more entrants in a non-stop derby race from Los Angeles to Cleveland may arrive. ‘Woman pilots now flying in the “pow- der puff” derby from Santa Monica,| Calif., are to arrive here Monday. Visitors to Cleveland are to see the new Navy all-metal dirigible, completed last week at Detroit, and dubbed “the flying tomato can.” This pioneer in the metal blimp fleld may arrive here tomorrow. The giant Navy dirigible Los Angeles also is coming and it is ex- pected that the Navy will attempt to demonstrate the releasing and attachinent of a plane from the airship | flight. Cleveland has been working nearly a year getting ready for this outburst of aeronautical patriotism. The _great municipal auditorium, which bulged with glory and nominating Republicans last Fall, today is distended with more different sizes and shapes of airplanes ' than you could picture in a nightmare resulting from the over-consumption of eagle eggs and partridge wings. Little sport planes, big transport ! planes, little airplane motors which purr | like contented tabbies and big airplane motors which roar like the justly famed | bull of Bashan, aviation cadets of every'| description, hoarse-throated announcers, | who describe the virtues of their aero- nautical wares, and legions of specta- tors, who know their airplanes and try | to trip up the announcers with trick | questions, occupy every inch of space. | After wedging through the crowds until I bear the imprint of coat buttons uj and down my back. I think I could tell | any sardine something about the way | it had ought to climb into & ean. Meetings Galore Are Held. ‘The streets wear a gala day t. scheduled for ton! Around-the-World Log Of the Graf Zeppelin By the Associated Press. (All times Eastern Standard.) ‘Wednesday, August 7. 9 pm.—Left Lakehurst, J., for Priedrichshafen. Saturday, August 10. f? 17:33 am.—Landed in Fried- richshafen, completing trip of 4.&:0 miles in 35 hours 24 min- uf 1 N. ‘Wednesday, August 14. Monday, August 19. O.tdlfl miles in 101 K .."8 mpm- utes. Friday, August 23. 1:13 am.—Left Kasimagaura for Los Angeles. 7:00 a.m.—Reported position 300 miles east of Okyo after out- riding s torm. 8:00 p.m—Dr. Eckener radioed position 1,300 miles from Kasima- gaura, heading toward the Aleu- tian Islands. 11:00 p.m.—Radioed position, which was 1,500 miles east of ?‘o{m‘ flying at aititude of 1,100 eet. Saturday, August 24. 4:00 a.m—Position given as 170 east, 43.20 north, or about 1,600 miles from Kasimagaura; flying in fog. 11:00 a.m.—Crossed the inter- national date line, the 180th meridian. 6:00 p.m.—Position given as 45.20 degrees north latitude and 166.20 west longitude, with less than 3,000 miles to go. 2:00 p.m—Position given as 44 degrees 20 minutes north, 174 de- grees 20 minutes west. Sunday, August 25. 1:25 am—Position given as latitude 45 degrees 30 minutes north, longitude 154 degrees west. WELLS TAKES LEAD INCLEVELAND RACE “Speed” Holman 13 Minutes Behind in Hop From Port- land to Billings. | By the Associated Press. BILLINGS, Mont., August 24.—Tex Rankin of Portland was first of the Portland-Cleveland Air Derby fiyers to reach here from Missoula. at 2:07:49 after being in the air 1 hour 58 minutes 11 seconds. T. A. Wells brought his ship down at 2:11:25. His time from Missoula was 1 hour and 56 minutes, The third arrival was “Speed’ Holman of Chicago. He touched earth at 2:14:07 after being in the air 1 hour 47 minutes and 7 seconds. Of the first trio of flyers, Wells led in total elapsed time with 4:58:54 from Portland. Holman’s elapsed time was :11:53 and Rankin's 5:15:38. ‘The fivers tonight decided to post- pone their hop for Bismarck, N. Dak.. ht, until tomorrow They were to stay here re- | tor Spokane this morning, stopping once en route here at Missoula, Mont. spondently into town many, many min- utes late. Time tables were so many scraps of paper. Smutty railroad yards and factories rising out of the fair bosom of Ohio were our prolonged and sluggish companions. The delay, it ap- pears, was caused by an epidemic of excursion trains, cluttered to the guards with perspiring and airplane-hungry citizens from Pittsburgh, Columbus, Dayton and way stations. At Unjon Station, where we arrived eventually, probably on the theory that all good things must come to an end some time, there were evidences of panic on the part of haggard red caps. For hours they had been rushing about madly, grappling feverishly with mounds of luggage which grew and grew. While they gall og‘ed about they flashed bitter looks at hundreds of impatient pas- sengers who seized luggage represent- ing hundreds of potential dollars in tips and staggered off in quest of taxi- | cads or what can you find. ‘Trn> taxl drivers, however, were shariny the travail of spirit which He landed | P! Bunting flutters everywhere and there are numerous grandstands crowded with shiny varnished, collapsible chairs. This | smote he weary red caps and were | forced to turn down unlimited fares as | they dashei away, their vehicles bulg- is not to be merely a flying circus. There are to be parades, fireworks, gar- | den and other kinds of parties | and aeronautical conventions galore. Almost every hotel and meeting hall boasts some sort of aviation convention, conference or plain gab-fest. The National Aeronautic Association is hold- ing its annual meeting, with 12 dele- gates and eight alternates romeununfi the aeronautical elite of the National Capital present. The National Aero- nautical Chamber of Commerce is pro- moting & number of meetings under the auspices of its various sections, and | h: the aeronautical section of the Soclety of Automotive Engineers is to hold forth with speech and anecdote. A glance anywhere in Cleveland is sufficient to convince the visitor that people out here do more than just talk about fiying. All sorts of trick auto- mobiles, deé.i:ued ta e:ehlblt an aeronautical flavor, participate in splen- did traffic “j;nl\’a hfl: and thm.mt)ne car, opera y & firm specializing in the repairing of airplane tires, resembled an airplane fuselage on a four-point landing , instead of three. Over the driver's head was the center section of the upper wing, lowering his visibil- ity and rendering him susceptible to c] and other rude ‘The local newspapers devote pages to the races. There are columns of adver- tisements of rooms for visitors in private homes and the front pages are adorned with boxes appealing to the citizens to open their homes to 5,000 more visitors. Automobiles bearing license platés from nearly every State in the Union are *Merely. getiing in erely ge! to Cleveland is a feat in itself. Our train limped de- ing with 'wmore fortunate brethren. Street railways did an overpowering business at 7 cents cash fare per crushed passenger. If the railroad stations were feverish, the hotels were running temperatures too high for any clinical thermometer to_record. The writer's telegraphed request for a reservation, made two days ago, was 80 much junk. People who had asked Sring dasedy around e lobby. st e arounc lobby, stum bling over mdhr and wringing their ands. By dint of feeding nickels into a pay telephone and threaten: hotel clerks with congressional investigation we finally reached one clerk who was just receiving a cancellation and suc- | ceeded in wresting the prize from a line | of disheartened persons. A right good room, too, overlooking an impossibly blue Lake Erie, aver which a nervous “pony” blimp hovers like a setting hen looking for some- thing to hatch. The blimp finally set- tles down in front of a lakeside hotel with an almost audible grunt of relief and, after rocking back and forth con- tentedly like an_ele t full of hay, gets up again lazily and drones of over the city. Sandwich Resembles Plane. Cleveland merchants of all types are making liberal use of the aeronautical motif in advertising and decoration. muone of the mufl“ near ufig a new gastronomic delicacy the aviation sandwich has made its appsarance. It is a huge club sand- wich fashioned in the shape of an air- plane, with a sliced pickle for a pro- peller, which promises to be all the rage. Always Saves You Money on Building Materials 3—Branches—3 MAIN OFFICE-6% & C. &Fla. AveN.E. 93] Ga Ave.NW. - CAMP MEIGS-5T. TWOOD-5! Sts. SW (HALFWAY MARK PASSED BY GRAF Winds May Force Giant Air Liner South to San Francisco. (Continued From First Page.) Tokio time (10 a.m. Saturday, E. 8. T.) was more than 500 miles to the south of the Western Aleutian Islands and approximately 2,000 miles east of Tokio. This was 322 hours after she left Kasumigaura naval air fleld at 3:15 pm. Priday and indicated a speed of approximately 62 miles an hour as an average for the run. The Ochlishi government wireless sta- tion picked up numerous messages from the Zeppelin yesterday and today. The Graf announced she was picking up speed again since weather conditions began improving after nightfall last night and was making a speed of 70 miles an hour. She had met splotchy weather dur- ing the run from midnight to mid- night. Interspersed with periods of fair weather were rain, heavy fogs, clouds and head winds which sometimes materially reduced her speed. ‘The directly eastward course which she followed most of Friday was changed early Saturday to keep fairly closely to the old sailing route of the windjammers from. Yokohama to €an east course in a general way through- out Saturday with minor deviations to 1 seek more favorable conditions. ‘The general trend of her course late Saturday was away from the wind- jammer route toward the steamer lines of the Great Circle. The Graf informed the Orchiishi Station that she was in communication with American wireless stations, from which she had received accounts of the preparations for her reception at Los Angeles. These had greatly increased the eagerness of the passengers to reach the goal of the third stage of vhe Zep- pelin’s flight around the world. The messages from the Graf indi- cated she might have to omit her flight over Seattle in order to avoid a low pressure area reported off the coast of Canada. She would be obliged in ihat case to strike the Pgcific Coast of America farther south, probably in the region around San Francisco. | LOS ANGELES PLANS WELCOME. Finishing Touches Put on Preparations for Mooring Ship. LOS ANGELES, August 24 (#). Residents of Los Angeles and enviro) are awaiting with growing interest th arrival here of the dirigible Graf Zep- pelin. _Although the great airship is not expected to arrive before Monday, plans for its reception are virtually com- eted. Droves of workmen labored tonight at the airport to put finishing tout to mooring masts and prepare gas and refueling lines while arrangements went, forward for policing in the interest of their cwn safety. Countless thousands of spectators were expected to be on hand when the craft puts in to anchor. From the naval base at San Diego 100 Marines and 150 sailors were dis- patched here to help land the dirigible. A fleet of Navy planes was prepared to escort the dirigible through the South- | ern_California lines. Dr. Hugo Eckener, Zeppelin com- mander, and his staff and crew will be received by a committee of 50 leading zlet‘!_zens, including Army and Navy offi- g WOMAN. 95, RESCUED. Fireman George W. Harvey Carries | Mrs. Harnet West Out of Fire. | Mrs. Harnet West, 95 years old, was | rescued by Fireman George W. Harvey of No. 5 Engine Company when she was trapped by smoke after fire broke out in her apartment on the fourth floor of 1219 Wisconsin avenue yesterday aft- ernoon. An oil stove exploded and started the fire, the police reported. H. L. West, 60 years old, her son, ran out and gave the alarm and was at- tempting to reach his mother when the firemen arrived. Mrs. West was not effects of the smoke. TWO ARE REAPPOINTED. |Vance and Babeock Renamed on | Committee on Library Co-operation. John T. Vance, law librarian-of the Library of Congress, has been reap- pointed chairman of the committee on library co-operation with the Hispanic peoples of the American Library Asso- ciation, and Charles E. Babcocl rian of the Pan-American Union Li- brary, has been reappointed a member of the same committee, according to an- the association in Chicago. home of and every dollar " but well-invested? Dreaming won’t credit will. solidat: your credit. OLDDREADNAUGHTS FACING JUNK PILE | All of Rejuvenated Type May Be Dropped From Duty in 1934. By the Associated Press. Although Uncle Sam has been reju- venating his pre-war battieships since the 1922 Washington arms conference, they will begin to drop from the line in 193¢ as unfit for further naval service. Of the Nation's 18 capital ships, 13 Francisco. She follewed the east-north- | Progr injured and quickly recovered from the | 'k, libra- | nouncements from the headquarters of | are of the so-called pre-war type, the | oldest of which are passing e 300 year mark, considercd the life of a | warship. | Modernization of the cld vessels was | undertaken by the Navy under the conditions of the 1922 arms treaty. This ,was done in an effort to make them less vulnerable from submarines and aircraft, lessons learned from | naval engagements in the World War. Three Slated to Go. | The replacement program as set out under the 1922 treaty is to get under- way in 1931, with two new battleships to replace the old Florida, Utah and ‘Wyoming in 1934. ’ However, as the end of the 10-year arms treaty approaches and negotia- tions between England and the United States for further nava! limitaiions sre essing, there is considered by naval authorities the possibility that the 18 warships, already ¢pproaching obsolesence, may be called upon for further service. Under the 1922 treaty improvements | to battleships are limited to 3,000. tor.s | each. Because of the necessity to con- | struct protected decks to resist aircraft | attecks and to add blisters on the hulls | to_assure adequate protection against | submarine torpedoes, the naval con- | structors were unable to increase the | s&eed or the maneuverability of the old ships. They have added new masts to the eight ships completed, however, thereby improving the fire control for the big guns, and they have brought ahbout ‘s?fl‘ne increase in the range of the big rifles. History of Ships. | ~The battleships Utah and Florida, | begun in 1908, which were the first to | undergo modernization, were returned to the line in 1926. The Arkansas and | Wyoming, laid in 1909; the New York and Texas. begun in 1911, were modern- |ized in 1927 and 1928, respectively. The | Oklahoma and Nevada, begun in 1912, this month took to sea again to take their places in the line in September. ‘The Pennsylvania, which is scheduled | to replace the Texas as flagship of the United States Fleet, and the Arizona, begun in 1913, are now in navy yards | undergoing modernization. The New Mexico and Mississippl, 14-year-old ships, are to be modernized next year if Congress provides the funds. It has not been definjtely decided whether the Idaho, of the New Mexico type, will be mode: 'd_because she was begun in 1915 but not completed until 1919, The youngest of the battleships are the Colorado and West Virginia, both being completed in 1923. The Tennes- see, California and Maryland were be- gun during the war, but were not fin- ished until 1921. | If the replacement program is carried out, the United States will have 15 new battleships in 1042 instead of 18 |85 at present. STIMS ON MAY HEAD NAVAL DELEGATION TO REDUCTION PAR! EY (Centinued From First Page.) frequently has been sought by the President and the other diplomatic of- ficials on the question. | Admiral Jones also is well acquainted | with the methods of handling naval | parleys, having played a large part in | the tripartite conference of 1927, where | he served as principal assistant to Hugh 8. Gibson, head of the American | delegation. | Another naval expert who has been | dealing intimately with the technical angles of the London negotiations is | Comdr. H. C. Train. Joseph P. Cotton, Undersecretary of State, has dealt more intimat:ly with the whole problem than any other per- son in the Washington Government. Instructions to Ambassador Dawes ere drafted by Mr. Cotton after consulta- tion with the President, Secretary Stim- son and the naval experts. Officials ex~ pressed some doubt, however, whether the President, in the event a conlercace is held abroad, would desire boih his Secretary of State and Undersecretary to_be absent at the same time. It was believed that Mr. Hoover would desire the presence in Washington of & diplomatic official intimately informed on the subject with whom he could con- zlel' during the course of the negotia- ons. i | L] VTR AR For folks who want a thew own O you dream of it—with no rent to pay— put into it—not spent, build it, but planning and will you start? | If you are in debt, those debts must be con- paid. That will help to establish If you lack all or part of the ready cash for the first payment—you will find Morris Plan a dignified way to borrow money on personal credit for just such a constructive purposz. ‘Through Morris l’l:.l:lthmndl of men and needed rcairs, or add home comforts. A friendly to confidential talk may put the road finan:idbuterwt—cndm” a home of your own. MORRIS PLAN B Under Supervision 1408 H St. N.W. I . U.'S. Trearmry ‘Washington, D. C. >