Evening Star Newspaper, November 10, 1928, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY...November 10, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor; The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office: . 11th St and Pennsyivania A New York Office: 110 East & Chicago v European Office, 14 Regent St.. London, Englan n Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenin s . ... 4l g ‘The BVEI\“’!: Ifl;rs\lflfll’ Star REKRINR ys) . 60c per month (when 4 Sundays The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundavs) -.. 65c per month The Sunday Star per copy Collection made at the end of cach month. Ovders may be sent in by mail or telephone Main %000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and vs“"n:h' Daily only Sunday cnly All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday..1 yr. $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 Dally only . 1yr. $8.00: 1 mo. 8¢ Sunday only . 1y, $500: 1 mo. ___ Member of the Associated Press. # The Associated Press 15 exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all . ews dis- rnches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the .ocal “ews oublished herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. A Trip of Friendship. President-elect Hoover could find no better way to spend his time in that long interval between November 6 and March 4 than by visiting, as he now proposes to do, our neighborly and friendly republics of the South. He will be able to kill a number of birds with one stone—or perhaps it would be more accurate to say with one battleship. In the first place, the trip he contemplates will relieve him of the tremendous task of denying each day the rumors of the day before regarding his choice of the next cabinet, as well as correcting the daily articles portraying in great detail his exact plans for running the Gov- ernment after he enters the White House. Safely tucked away in some fine . suite of staterooms aboard the Mary- land, he will be free from the barrage of flashlights now to dog his steps wherever he goes, and for the time being, at least, he will escape the crowds of well-wishers and opportunity seek- ers who want to grasp his hand and in- form him personally that from the be- ginning they have been “Hoover men.” But, aside from the advantages that may accrue to Mr. Hoover personally in this interesting trip, he will be entering upon a valugble mission for his coun- try as soon as he steps across the gangplank and lands on Latin American soll. This visit may be actuated partly by a natural desire to rest after a tire- some and arduous campaign. But the ¢ | for some interesting speculation. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1928 the Hoover strength is about 58.75 per cent, which is a very close approxima- tion to the straw vote. ' These unofficial polls have become an established feature in presidential years. The largest of them, conducted by the Literary Digest, has become | somewhat of an institution. Its'ac- curacy as to g acro! results has now been demonstrated :> regularly that four years hence if it is repsated it may be considered as an assured index of | the tendency of public preference. Analyses of the popular vote table are now in order, with especial ref- erence to the Democratic problem of | | reorganzation. Not until the table is | complete and comprises the official re- | turns, however, can there be any exact | computation of the drifts and changes | that caused the debacle of Tuesday. Yet enough is available to afford ground The “distributors” are already at work with their pencils figuring out possi- bilities. For instance, Mr. Mark Sulli- | van, in the New York Herald Tribune, | has worked out this result: “If Mr. Hoover had received 275,000 more votes, | geographically distributed in the right | way, he would literally have carried every State in the Union.” This arouses the New York World to rejoin that “if Gov. Smith had received 354.- 000 more votes, geographically dis- tributed in the right way, he would have won the election.” The World pro- ceeds to point out that, needing 179 more electoral votes to win, Gov. Smith could have gained 180 by comparatively slight shifts in the returns in the fol- lowing States: Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Tennes- see, Texas, Utah, Virginia and Wyo- ming. These changes range from 2,000 in Nevada to 49,000 in Missouri, and 50,000 in New York. The chemical reaction of a presi- dential campaign is a strange phe- nomenon. A slight change in' reagents causes extraordinary results. In this latest election there were so many new elements in the political test tube that almost any outcome was logical. Yet the forecasts and polls, in the light of the returns, showed that the final event was according to nature. —————————— A Dead Accord. In the excitement of the presidential election, sight was lost in the United States of the offictal demise of the no- torious Anglo-French naval “compro- mise.” This is the stealthily negotiated “disarmament” understanding which was to have left Great Britain and France free to build all of the special kinds of cruisers and submarines they significance of the President-elect’s de- respectively need, while preventing the faked with the result that the alleged victims, suffering from strange maladies, have secured large sums of money. But for sheer audacity and clever scheming this case shouid top the list. The mother had already obtained a twenty- five-hundred-dollar settlement from the defendant for her own injuries, which, in the light of the developments of yes- terday, may well have been questionable. Determined to exact further tribute, she devised the plan to collect for a sup- posedly mute son and, with studious care, trained him for the role he was to play. Her very avarice, however, brought about her downfall. Offered a settlement of twelve thousand, five hun- dred dollars out of court, she spurned with the recult that she is now facing a term in the penitentiary. | 1t is unfortunate that all cases of fraud cannot have such a happy end- ing for the defendant. A successful business or a successful man must be continually on the alert to prevent ex- tortionists from ceizing the money which hard work has yielded. When this woman comes to trial an object lesson | should be made of her. Justice will| not be fully served unless she suffers a period of incarceration. e More Work to Be Done. Universal satisfaction has been ex- pressed by motorists of the District at | ‘ntersection of Connecticut avenue, Florida avenue and S street and the shortened timing with which they are operated. For years traffic at this point has been particularly congested and difficult to cope with, owing to the fact that both Connecticut avenue and Flor- ida avenue carry great volumes of travel and that S street, which cuts directly across Connecticut avenue but diago- | nally across Florida avenue, is one of the main thoroughfares of that section of the city which lies to the west. Be- fore the installation of the lights a| policeman was stationed at the inter- | section of Connecticut and Florida ave- nues, but he was powerless to promote free passage on S street, because stand- ing or moving traffic on Connecticut avenue would serve to block it. With the installation of the lights, however, and the speed with which they are timed, conditions have shown a decided Improvement. There is one thing still needed to make the system perfect. It is a series of lights at the point where S street crosses Florida avenue and Twenty-first street feeds into it. While S street traffic headed west can cross Connecti- cut avenue with perfect security, 8 street traffic headed east is likely to find itself stalled at the intersection of Florida avenue, as there is a steady stream of travel on this thoroughfare and Twenty- fgmn ntf duthl:erelsu:g in En:ll:h :I:;;- Uriited States from constructing the | first street, regardless of which way the will no lost upon the | larger types essential to American re-|lights are turned on Connecticut ave- ‘There lies in it another of those stePs | quirements. It is the agreement which | nue. In other words, the green light which have marked the Coolidge 8d-| our Government, in & note dispatched [on Connecticut avenue serves to divert ministration in bringing into closer con- | to L.ondon and Paris at the end of Sep- | trafic on to Florida avenue, while the tact the two big sections of this Western | temper, flayed as grossly unfair to this | red light merely gives the latter travel Hemisphere, The complaint has always | country and directly prejudicial to the | free passage at the intersection of the been made, and it is well founded, that lack of understanding between the United States and the countries which lie to the South is due almost entirely to distance, and the ignorance which lles in distance. When we know more about South America, and when South America knows more about us, much of this ignorance will have been dis- placed by eye-opening knowledge and understanding. Mr. Hoover's trip will be & great “publicity stunt” for South America. Wherever he goes the army of correspondents traveling with him, and their brothers-in-arms of Latin Amer- ica, will tax themselves to the limit to describe the places he visits, the people who see him, what he does and what he gays. The United States and Latin America will be joined by a string cf friendly words that will leave even a more solid and permanent connection when they are at last broken off. There is something about the abrupt suddenness of Mr. Hoover's announced plans for his South American trip that will have a good effect. It has never been done before. Roosevelt visited Panama, and after he retired from the ‘White House went exploring and hunt- ing in South America. In 1909 Presi- dent Taft stood in the middle of the International Bridge at El Paso and shook hands with the President of Mex- . eo, and he also visited Panama. Presi- dent Wilson went to Versailles and President Coolidge went to Havana. But . mone of these trips compares with the one proposed for our mext President. His visit is official, in a sense, for he now belongs to the Nation. The only irons he has in the fire are those that the world may see. He wants to know South America as he knows every other part of the world—a knowledge that is based on travel, work and personal con- tact. He has never been to South Amer- ica, but it is about the only part of the globe that he does not know. A knowledge and understanding of South America are of increasing impor- tance to the Chief Executive of this Nation. But all of that may be laid aside. If Mr. Hoover visits South Amer- ica for friendship’s sake alone the other features of the trip may be classed as merely incidental. ——— Wise words concerning the stock v market do not make clear whether the great volume of trading is due to expec- tations or to relief from suspense. Wall Street is almost as “temperamental” as Broadway. e Forecasts and Results. For some weeks before the election polls were maintained by periodicals and other agencies regarding the pref- erences of the people for the pres- idency. They were highly encouraging to the Republicans and equally dis- couraging to the Democrats. The lat- ter, however, found some consolation from indications of interparty changes in contrast with the vote cast in 1924, though this comfort was based upon a somewhat complicated course ol com- putation. It now appears from the general result and from the records of the elections, so far as they have been compiled, that these polls were remark- ably accurate. One of them, conducted by a chain of newspapers, was almost strictly correct in point of the per- centage of preference for Herbert Hoover. At ths time the poll was closed on the eve of the election it showed Hoover favored by a little more than fifty-seven per cent of those re- cause of naval limitation. It was in the British House of Lords on November 7 that this devious diplo~ matic device was declared dead and gone. The obsequies were not inappro- priately performed by Lord Cushendun, acting foreign secretary. It was in his regular role as first lord of the admi- ralty that he negotiated the now defunct pact with France. Lord Cushendun did not mince mat- ters in explaining the cause of the ac- cord’s collapse. It was due primarily, he indicated, to the unfavorable im- pression it had created upon American public opinion. The admission was wrung from the foreign office spokes- man by an attack from the Liberal and Labor leaders in the Lords, who had challenged the wisdom .of the agree- ment on two grounds—its unpopularity in the United States and its concession to the French regarding military re- servists. France had bargained with the British for non-resriction of her extensive reservist man-power. Lord Cushendun, defending the Bald- win government against the charge that it had conspired with France to effect a secret military and naval al- liance, insisted that Britain had pro- ceeded “with the best of intentions.” They had come to naught, the noble lord explained, and “this means we must find some other way.” One “other way,” as our British friends are now painfully aware, is to have due regard for the legitimate rightsand naval necessities of the United States. When that is done, Lord Cushendun’s government will find that this country 1s prepared to go as far as any other power through that “open door” which ‘Washington desires kept open for fur- ther discussion of limitation. But dark- lantern European diplomacy, which a credulous world supposed had ended with the World War, is not going to light the path to the desired goal. e Reorganization of the Democratic party again asserts itself as a quadren- nial responsibility. P A Fraud Exposed. The answer to what makes the world skeptical was furnished Thursday in a New York court when a supposedly mute boy of five years, whose mother was suing a department store for in- juries which were alleged to have caused his affliction of four years’ duration, suddenly became voluble when a play- mate pinched him in the leg. Seven specialists, insurance agents, claim agents and even the judge himself had tried vainly to get a word out of the youngster. When all the tests failed a sly smile of triumph lighted up the mother’s countenance while the at- torneys for the department store as- sumed a gloomy mien. The resourceful judge, however, ac- customed to the chincaneries of some of those who appear before him, de- cided upon one more experiment. He sent the lad and two of his playmates into an unoccupied room, first, however, taking the precaution of stationing a court attandant where he could ob- serve and hear what went on. In the roughhouse that followed a squeal was heard from the mute boy and when the attendant asked him who had pinched him he immediately enswered, with fine enunciation, “That big slob over there.” Naturally, the case was immediately dismissed and the mother was held in ten thousand dollars bail for perjury. All sorts of frauds have been perpe- trated from time to time upon insur- sponding. At the latest figures returned from the election districts, 20 2 T for Hoover and 14,626,803 for , individuals. ance companies, merchants and wealthy Accidents have been two avenues. Of course there is no comparison of the amount of traffic carried by Con- necticut and Florida avenues and S street. The two former arteries are unquestionably the most used. But if 8 street motorists were not to be taken care of, then there was no need for the installation at Connecticut avenue and 8. The trafic department should assuredly complete the work it has started and make this series of con- gested intersections as foolproof as pos- sible. e A big musical show fixes its prices for best seats at seven dollars, in advance of a New York appearance. In view of the huge box-office exactions for a metropolitan hit, it is no more than kind to break the news gently. ———————__ The entire American public is inter- ested in an inauguration display at Washington, D. C. The duties of citizen- ship conscientiously discharged claim certain corresponding relaxations. S, e ‘Washington, the Capital of the world's greatest country, must inevitably, in the course of time, have the world's greatest airport. —e SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Repose. In gentle strains the poets old Their sentimental stories told. Philosophers brought lessons wise. Historians, too, we learned to prize. Among them all our praise is led To one who said, “And So, to Bed!" After the turmoil and the strite, This busy and expectant life, Of all, finds one achievement best When a clear Consclence, claiming rest At eventide, when Care has fled, Has calmly said, “And So, to Bed!” Memories. “Some of your public remarks will long be remembered.” “What Is luckier yet,” sald Senator Sorghum, “some of them will soon be forgotten.” Jud Tunkins says men can't trust their own opinions. A man who thinks he is wonderful smart, 'most always isn't. Election Argument. Our cares are at an end. Each foe becomes a friend. ‘We'll face our cares anew In nineteen thirty-two. Pervading Suspicion. “Are you in favor of prohibition?” “I am,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle- top. “There’s no liquid I'm not afraid to drink. After a bacterial examina- tion T don't believe even our well water is safe.” “He who says he has never made a mistake,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- | town, “makes the greatest of all—that of deceiving himself.” Saving on Confetti. The broker sighed, “I'm bound to say Election did not go my way. Economy’s in better shape. We've saved a lot of ticker tape.” | “When you tells me dat monkeys was our ancestors,” said Uncle Eben, “you sholy is lookin' foh trouble wif yoh poor relations” ¥ it and sued for fifty thousand dollars, | I the installation of traffic lights at the | PUrS THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. The chief librarian of the public library of New South Wales, according to a recent Associated Press dispatch from Melbourne, told an educational conference that “not one Australian in four ever read a book.” One may wonder how the chief libra- rian had such precise data as all that. Australia is a t land, but a thought- ful person will guestion the ability of any one, even a librarian, to make such a flat deduction. Conditions prevailing in any given country would much influence such a re.” The general state of literacy might perhaps be the best-test of all. Yet even at the best, it is difficult to see how the belief of any one man on such a question would have much weight, since he would have no way of knowing the extent of book buying, and consequent book ownership on the part of the average individual The book-reading public is composed of two main groups, the buyers and the borrowers. Every reader is, at one time or another, a membar of both classes, |so that there can be no hard-and-fast classification. The most ardent circulating library devotee will buy a book now and then upon some particular topic that inter- ests him, or when the “run” on a suc- cessful novel is so great that he is forced to wait a long time for it. He who believes in owning all the books he reads, though he carry this practice to the impoverishment of his e, will find it necessary to frequent public library upon occasion. * ok K K It may be believed that in Australia, as here, the real book buyers are pre- cisely the men and women who have little to say about it. They make no boast of their love for pi the ks. The most spying person might never surprise them with books in their hands. They make no parade of the books on thelr home shelves, so that an oul- sider might well think they never owned a volume. He might take the attitude, as evi- dently the Australian official did, that because they are seen with newspapers in their hands as they go home in the evening they never read anything else. They would make a mistake in so believing, however. ‘Modern newspapers admirably supple- ment books. There is no remarkable difference between the English used in newspapers and that put into books. Often the same writing goes from one to the other without change. The book-buying public accepts its papers and its books as one and the same thing in different form, each influ- enced by conditions, each the product of humanity striving for expression. One may well believe that every one who likes to read finds his joy in read- ing, mot because the words he peruses are in book or newspaper or magazine, but simply because they are expressions of the human spirit. * K K K After all, the urge for expression of ideas, whether good or evil, is what writing 1s. Good writing does not be- come bad writing simply because it is printed on newsprint any more than bad writing becomes good writing be- cause it appears between fancy boards. The average “man on the street” recognizes this and is as content with his newspaper reading, if it satisfies him, as if it were in book form. ‘The personal possession of the news- paper by the newspaper reader, due to his expenditure of his own money, Is a factor which must be taken into con- sideration. There is an old saying to the effect that one never gets out of a thing any more than he puts into it. Applying this to bookdom, it is ques- tionable whether the book borrower, whether he secure the book from a li- brary or a friend, ever gets exactly as much from his reading as he would if | he personally purchased the volume with his own money. This may seem theoretical, and yet we are convinced that it has eminently practical bearings. If only one in four, or one in 10, or one out of whatever number, reads books, it is partly because three or nine, or whatever the remain- der may be, have not been “sold” on the necessity of personally buying their own books. If it were said, “Only one person out of four runs an automobile” one would jump to the perfectly proper conclusion that it is because only one out of four owns an automobile. ‘There would be more book readers if there were more book buyers. There, indeed, is the rub! An intensive cam- paign has been carried out in the past two or three years by book publishers to induce the public to “buy a book a week,” or something like that, but such good propaganda, pleasing to all those who love the printed word, must begin far, far back of the adult purse. The necessity for personal ownership of books ought to be preached to chil- dren, if universal book ownership and antecedant purchasing is to become a reality, either in America or Australia. It is like locking the stable after the horse is stolen. It is impossible to induce an adult, who takes pride in doing as he pleases so long as he violates no law and in- jures no neighbor to buy books if the child from which that man grew never had a hookcase of his own filled with his own books. * kK K Librarians need fear no competition. The great public library is a distinct | adjunct to city or town. The best friend of the library is the booklover who has a collection of his own at home. He is in the best position, because of his own hundred or thousand vol- umes, to appreciate the tens or hundreds of thousands of books reposing on the shelves of the circulating library. One of the beauties of book owning is that quality, not quantity, is the cri- | terfon. This may be sald without fear of cant, Bookdom is one of the places where quality really rules. A good book is a good book, no matter if it reposes 1 solitary grandeur, whereas a shelf of cheap stuff is still cheap stuff, no mat- ter how fancy the binding nor how long the shelf. Personal ownership satisfles a book- lover not only because of the contents of his book, but also because of his regard for a book as a thing. One does not have to be a connoisseur of rare volumes to enjoy this feeling. The man who said, “I only read books for what I can get out of them,” missed half of the pleasure and much of the gain of reading. : He never knew the soul-satisfying sight of a dearly beloved volume which he delighted to hold in his hand simply because it was beautiful—and his own. 1t is this feeling which must be in- tensified if all the adult population is to love books. Whether it is pos- sible, or necessary, or expedient to de- mand such a thing of the population is distinctly another question. Cuts Prices Termination of British restrictions on rubber, which became effective this month, is belleved by Americans to as- sure permanent reduction in prices. This already has been felt by users of automobile tires, and the Department.| of Commerce, in reporting on the sub- ject, has inspired public comments from the press. In addition to the action by Great Britain, attention is directed to the fact that under compulsion of the inflated prices that formerly prevailed the Umtepd States has developed its own sources which will produce results in future. R as been a sharp recession “There h: of prices during the past year, affecting the British market in sympathy with that on this side of the Atlantic,” com- ments the Philadelphia Evening Bul- letin. “Meanwhile,” continues that paper, “highly promising enterprises, backed by American capital, are de- veloping large rubber plantations in Africa, Central America and the Philip- pines, so that there is a highly satis- factory outlook for the supply in all branches of industry in the future. Thus restriction for the sake of & temporary profit has laid the founda- tion for most formidable competition to the Malay and Ceylon growers in the near future, Probably no stranger sequel to the policy of limiting the out- put of any comimodity is on record than the fact that prices of rubber are depressed because the market is oversupplied.” 3 “The British, of course, are the losers, it is pointed out by the Louisville Courler-Journal, with the suggestion that “sometimes it takes a hard pinch, like this monopolistic squeeze, to awaken us out of a dream of security, and to stimulate our inventiveness. ~ Clearly, American automobile owners should thank the British for giving us the shove we needed.” In explanation of the situation that paper remarks: “With rubber ‘out of sight’ manufacturers sought to design new types of motor car tires offering greater efficiency with a smaller amount of rubber. The ‘balioon’ was the result. This is an old story now, but the Department of Commerce has just called attention to the fact that the ‘American motorist pays $10 for his casing today as against $11.20 in 1925. Think of the saving on the 63,550,000 | tires sold in the United States last year!” * ok kK Credit to Mr. Hoover as head of the Department of Commerce is given by the San Francisco Chronicle, with the statement of the course of proceedings: “A national campaign was organized to worked day and night to devise methods of reclaiming used rubber and to add to the life of the manufactured article, especially automobile tires. ~Agents of the Government and of private enter- prise working in co-operation with Hoover were sent far and wide to find new sources of supply and to stimulate production in_ those fields outside of British control. The monopoly found itself with a great supply of raw rubber on hand that it conld not sell at the inflated price. The monopoly collapsed. But the Hoover plan has continued busily at work to insure against any future attempt to squeeze American tire buyers and other American consumers of rubber.” which the Detroit “A sigh of relfef,” Free Press states was breathed by the “the Brit- people of this country when ish government announced that it would lift the so-called Stevenson system of restrictions on the production, export and price of Malaya and Ceylon rubber” is recalled by the Free Press, with the further statement: “As the consumer of three-quarters of the world’s total rubber supply, America was the first Nation to raise a protest against the monopoly which the Ste- venson legislation tended to establish. Hoover, as Secretary of Commerce, in- itiated @ program of self-protection when he called American rubber man- ufacturers together with the object of pooling rubber purchases. Another de- fensive measure was found in a sys- tematic educational agitation d conserve our rubber supply. Laboratories | Failure of Rubber Monopoly for Americans to foster the use of reclaimed rubber in the automobile and other industries of this country. Above all, American en- terprise began to show extraordinary energy in the direction of rubber pro- duction on its own account. * * * The British acted in good faith, with the idea of protecting the Malaya and Ceylon rubber producers when they adopted the Stevenson restriction and they have only themselves to blame if, as a consequence of the monopolistic scheme, America is now awake to its possibilities as an independent rubber producer on a scale surpassing any- thing attempted in the British posses- sions.” * kK K The development is viewed by the Manchester Union as “the culmination of a long struggle on the part of Americans to break the attempt of the supply.” The Union contends: “It was frustrated the British scheme. America consumes today about 80 per cent of the world’s rubber. In 1926 rubber was our largest single import, crude rubber pur- In 1927 rubber was surpassed only by silk among our imports. Americans cor- rectly 4nterpreted the British plan as an attempt to profit at the expense of the American consumer, and set them- selves to defeat it. Their tactics prov- ed effective. In consequence of the ac- tivitise that were set going, prices began to decline. Crude rubber is selling to- day for about 19 cents a pound.” It is pointed out by the Ithaca Jour- nal-News that “as a result of the in- creasing output of plantations in the Far East, rubber was the only important raw material which actually declined in cost during the war,” and the Journal- “In the 1921 post-war slurap, rubber dropped to such a low price that in 1922 the Stevenson act restricting the export of rubber from British colonies was enacted. At that :.llglp:]yth"eh Bnrltl:'ll\ had ‘nearly a mo- , the Brazilian supply being small ::dhthe Dutch pllnntlsm _yung-un- UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. The greater part of Berlin is in con- trol of the revolutionists, the former Kaiser has fled to Holland, and Fried- rich Ebert, the new Socialist chancellor, has taken command of the situation. ‘The revolt is spreading throughout Ger- many with great rapidity. * * ¢ The red flag has been holsted over the royal palace and the Brandenburg gate, and \ the former Crown Prince's palace is also held by the revoiutionists. * * * The King of Wurttemberg abdicates, and the Socialists are demanding that every sovereign in the empire shall be de- throned and all princes exiled. * * * Despite expectations that the armistice will be signed very soon, the allied troops continue fighting all along the line. The 2d American Army launches its first offensive west of the Moselle on @ 71-mile front and gains all objectives despite stubborn enemy resistance. The Germans used many machine guns, but their artillery fire was weak. * * * British forces are following up the re- treating enemy with bands playing, and are going up the roads with flags on their rifles, through villages from which the German rear guard had gone only an hour or two before. The civilian | population shout and cry with joy and | rush on soldiers to hug and kiss them. ¢ ¢ * The French Gen. Gouraud made his official entry into Sedan today as French troops, with their cavalry in the lead, are pressing the enemy close- ly all along the line. Vast quantities of war materials are falling into the hands of the French. * * * Five hundred and twenty-nine names on casualty list given out at War Department today—153 men killed in action, 132 dead from wounds and disease, 174 wou and 70 miss- jesigned | ng and taken pi British to control the world’s rubber | chases exceeding half a billion dollars. | the campaign launched in America that | tW THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover The story of the love of Wait-Still- on-the-Lord Lowe for Allardene Ho! ard, as told in the first novel of Maris- tan Chapman, “The Happy Mountain,” is so simple that it could be summarized in a few sentences. The quaint lan- guage of the Tennessee mountains, much of it having a Chaucerian ances- try, in which the book is written can neither be summarized nor described. The style is the charm and distinction of the book. The author and her char- acters are all philosophers. Everyday life is seen philosophically. The moun- tain couple Rashe and Barsha Lowe, parents of Waits, Dena Howard and her sister Bess, Fayre Jones, the lover of Bess; Preacher Virgll Howard and, above all, Waits Lowe himself, dreamer, wanderer and musician, all speak in maxims, frequently lyrical, at times of deep feeling or serious reflection. Waits says: “Hit’s just the natural time for loving when the dogwood's out. . . . But there’s the thorn tree, too. Hit gets a thin cover of green on—and then —then, you see, Dena, there’s love 'n’ hate all_mixed up together there.” Waits tells Fayre: “I reckon you 'n’ Bess'll get along fine . . . being as neither of you is strong-minded enough to quarl.”” Old Uncle Shannon sagely comments: “A man don't learn to loose his tongue in a lone house top of a mountain; but come a wife and he's bound to practice or go under.” Preach- er Virgil Howard, consoling Rashe and Barsha for the degnrture of Waits from the home which they feel should satisfy all his needs, says: “Love does half the mischief in this world 'n’ hate does the rest, but it's plain discontentedness that makes things happen.” Describing newcomers to Glen Hazard, Fayre says: “They're a low set o' people, the Mor- gans—addled from their first egg.” Dena, distraught by Waits' indifference, thinks as she prepares for bed: “Soms say sorrow is cured by sleep . . . but what I say is, sleep runs to meet the next day and all's to do over again.” Leaning against a rock, on a bed of balsam needles, eating his lunch of bread and “side-meat,” Waits reflects on eternity: “Eternity is wide each way and every side. Eternity is long— yet a man must live today—and today goes and tomorrow comes—and if eter- | nity means that that kind of foolishness | goes on forever, it’s the same as telling a man he's going bereft of his sense: A tramp met on the road tells Waits: “Me and work quarreled and never made it up. . . . All roads is the same. ~7. . 1ts being on them—traveling— that's the main thing. It's not in rea- son any one town on earth can hold all a man craves, so I learned long years ago to move betwixt ‘em and soak up the world as it comes to me.” * K kK -Saxon or early English dic- tionary would be of some assisiance in Interpreting the language of these dwellers in the Cumberland hills. “And you going kurling off to none knows where,” Dena complains to Waits. “Waits brogued along back of him” as he followed Uncle Shannon through the woods. Sheriff Joe Marks is uncertain of his duty in connection with the fight between Waits and Burl Bracy. “For Marks was mightily gramyed in his head by all the bearm concerning the breaking of the long-pent jower and could not content himself what was to do.” The preacher helps him to decide by telling him he had better not search farther for Waits, “at least not_efn you crave to get elected again.” In a reminiscent mood, Rashe says to ‘Waits: “You're just like that time when you was a tinsey tad and swallowed a cartridge out of your grandsir's sherifl gun, and I was scared to whip you case'n it might go off and in a manner waste you.” Waits is moved to go back home by the suggestion of his com- panion, Emery, that “Dena might be mad and have taken a spite and so one tinkering with ary wastrel.” garsha reassures Dena when she has heard disturbing tales about Walts on his travels: “Nothing there to get cumfluttered over. . . . Likely that was just a tale. Come he gets back he'll devyse how come it.” The primi- tive atmosphere of the story is con- sistently maintained, because the author when speaking in her own person uses the almost archaic mountain language, as in a description like the following: An Anglo- “It took most of that day's light, for the mules were trashy beasts and scarcely could be got to strain the wagon of ties back into the road. By the time Waits had won to hill's crest the sun was going down in a fire-red glory. He could not make it so far as the Gap this day, for the road was powerfully gouted by 'the rains and the draught was heavy.” i * kK K At the age of 84 Maj. Gen. A. W. Greely, Arctic hero of 1884, has written a complete history of North and South polar explorations, prepared from his study of 80,000 pages of original nar- rative. ‘The title of the book is “The Polar Regions in the Twentieth Cen- gflL (then lieutenant) Greely's Arctic expedition of 1881-1884 furnished one of the sensations of its time. Upon recommendation of the Hamburg Inter- national Geographic Congress he was placed in command of a United States expedition to establish one of a chain of 13 circumpolar stations. The party of 25 reached farther north than any previous record and discovered new land. Subscquently, two relief expeditions failed to reach them. and by the time the third relief expedition, under Capt.: afterwards admiral) Winfield S. Schley, effected their rescue, all but seven of them had perished by exposure and starvation. Upon his return, Lieut. Greely wrote a_history of polar explord- tions up to that time, which was a standard work for many years until it finally went out of print. “Vilhjalmur Stefansson suggested to him a few years ago that he revise the old_book for republication. Instead, Gen. Greely wrote an entirely new work. A set of roofs, with corrections in the author’s gnndwritlng, was added by Comdr. Richard E. Byrd to his ship's library before sailing for the Antarctic. Comdr. Byrd wrote: “Maj. Gen. Greely's inter- esting book will be very useful to all of us. I give him my sincerest con- gratulations on his splendid work.’ * ok kK One of the earliest of anthologies was “Tottel's Miscellany” (1557-87). A new edition has been prepared by Prof. Hyder Edward Rollins. ~Richard Tottel was a publisher of the latter part of Queen Mary's reign, who was also critic and collector of poetry. His “Mis- cellany” was first published in 1557 and bore the complete title “Songs and Sonnettes, written by the Right Honor- able Lorde Henry Howard, late Earle of Surrey, and other.” Surrey and Wyatt tegether occupy about half of the first edition and Tottel was responsible for their first appearance in print, some years after the death of both. Having iraveled abroad, especially in Italy, both brought the Italian influsnce into Eng- lish poetry. Wyatt imitated the sonnet form of Petrarch and Surrey devel- oped it. * K K K Pirandello’s very large novel of Sicll- fan life in the 90's (there are almost 800 pages) Is called “The Old and the Young.” It has been translated into English by C. K. Scott Monteriefl. This story of the Laurentano, the Salvo and the ~ Capolino families reads like the medieval histories of the Medici, Este and Orsini families. Ambition is as potent a motive in the 90’s as in the Middle Ages, but capitalism and social- ism have replaced condottiere warfare and the intrigues of the assassin and the poisoner. A Way to Be Remembered. From the Buffalo Evening News. One way to be remembered by pecs- Ilfomd"; is to be a city official and sign the nds. ——oe—s Good Way to Preserve Youth. From the Loutsville Times. One of the best ways to keep from growing old is to tinker with the ma- chine while the engine is in closed garage. { make a meter register more than a | 40-watt bulb?—R. L. K. |aviators to wear glasses. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. Stop a minute and think about this fact. You can ask our Information Bureau any question of fact and get the answer back in a personal letter. It is a great educational idea introduc- ed into the lives of the most intelligent people in the world—American news- paper readers. It is a part of that best purpose of a newspaper—service. There is no charge except two cents in coin | or stamps for return postage. Get the | habit of asking questions. Address your | letter to The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, | Washington, D. C. Q. What were the betting odds when Charles Evans Hughes ran against Woodrow Wilson?—M. C. A. In 1916, on October 19, betting on Wall street was 10 to 7 on Wilson; October 24 and 25, even money was wagered. The average bets on Novem- ber 1 were 10'; to 8 on Hughes; Wall street, November 3, 10 to 7 in favor of Hughes; midnight, November 6, even money. Curb wagers the night of elec- tion were 10 to 8 on Hughes. Q. How long does a sound remain perceptible in the air>—M. L. A. The Bureau of Standards says that the length of time that a sound will remain perceptible after the source of sound has ceased operating depends on several factors: The volume of the room, the nature of its interior finish and the intensity of the initial sound. Q. What player has lost the most ‘They believe in the existence of one God, but He is not defined. Q. Of what material is the frame of the Graf Zeppelin made?—J. C. M. A. The frame construction of the Graf Zeppelin is made of duralumin. Q. When and by whom were the brick forts built at Fort Barrancas, Fla?>—O. B. W. A. The construction of the original Fort San Carlos de Barrancas, Fla, was begun in 1833 under the direction of Maj. Willlam H. Chase, Corps of Engineers. A new and more formidable fort has been built behind the orig- inal works without interfering with the old fortifications. Q. How old is David Putnam, the boy who has written books about ex- plorations?>—C. G. A. David Binney Putnam is 15 years old. At the age of 12 he was taken by Willlam Beebe on the Arcturus Ex- pedition to the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific. At the age of 13 he ac- companied his father on the American ‘Museum of Natural History expedition to Greenland, of which Mr. Putnam was director. At the age of 14 he ac- companied a similar sub-Aretic trip to Baffin Island. He has written three books, all of them simple boy's ac- counts, of what he saw on the above expeditions. Q. What are the processes of making weight in an American game of foot |silk yarn from raw silk’>—L. E. J. ball?—J. D. A. Bill Edwards, who in the Prince- ton-Navy game lost about 19 or 20 pounds, was playing on a hot day under a very hot sun. He weighed approxi- mately 220 pounds and is about six feet three inches tall. This is perhaps the greatest loss of weight reconiedi in one foot ball game. Q. Why does a 60-watt electric bulb A. A 40-watt bulb consumes 40 watts per hour, a 50-watt consumes 50 watts and a 60-watt bulb uses 60 watts per hour, so, of course, the meter will show a higher rate in exact proportion to the wattage of the bulb used. Q. Is the necessity of wearing glasses a handicap to an airplane pilot?>—K. C. A. It is considered a hindrance for Sometimes goggles may be fitted with prescrip- tion lens if the eye condition is not serious. It is not po;:lhle to say how many pilots wear gl¥sses, but we are informed that the number is small. Q. What is the creed of the Unitari- |an Churcn>—A. C. N. | " A. Unitarians have no creed. They |hold that a fixed statement of be- lief is an obstruction to faith, and that as the life of God: within the human spirit is a growing life, the con- A. The serles of processes included under the term “silk throwing™ consist of sorting, soaking, drying, winding, doubling, twisting. Q. How many Indians live in Mus- kogee and to what tribe do they belong?—L. O. A. There are 358 Indfans in Musko- gee. They are Choctaws. Q. How sbculd a chicken's wings be | clipped to prevent flying?—G. C. G. A. In clipping a chicken's wings to prevent flight, feathers of one wing should be cut so that when the chicken starts to fly it will fly unevenly. This chould be repeated every year after | the chickens have molted. If the | feathers of new chickens are plucked | when the chicken is only a few days |old it will never grow long feathers. | This is called pinioning. Q. Please give a list of seas.—L. R. A. Following is a list of the impor- tant seas of the world: North Sea, Bal- tic. Sea, Mediterranean Sta, Okhotsk Sea, Black. Sea, Yellow Sea, Japan Sea, Andaman Sea, Red Sea, Sea of Marmora, Caspian Sea, Bering Sea, Hudson Bay and Caribbean Sea. Q. What artists, decorated the Ba- silica of St. Francis at Assisi?>—M. W. A. This “cradle of Italian art” was decorated by Guinta, an artist from Pisa; Cavallina, Roman mosaicist; I sciousness of that life which is faith is lo be allowed to grow continually. “Armistice day—ten years after!” The guns had been roaring all night and all morning, when suddenly, at ex- actly 11 o'clock, November 11, came silence! It was as if the solar system had suddenly ceased its revolutions and stood petrified in eternal space. Yet for 10 years thereafter the sun and the moon and the stars have gone on in their silent march! Humanity with its civilization, too, has gone right on. “The war to end wars” was the only thing in all the universe which ap- peared to stop. In the decade following, what has been the record of ‘“ending wars"? Summed up by Prof. John Bakeless, there have been 28 major wars in the last 10 years, and a grand crisis in 1922, in which Lloyd George, British prime_minister, faced Turkey with an appeal to all the British dominions to give their support to an immediate re- opening of a World War against ‘Turkey and Russia, with all its probabilities of involving all Europe, and eventually the whole world. e * * What is the prospect of the future of wars? Says Bakeless: “Of the lasting cessation of warfare there is no sign on the horizon. When Europe succeeds in bringing about her economic rehabilitation, the most potent check upon the tendencies that lead to wars will have been removed. The gradual passing of generations that have known at first hand the true meaning of war and the horror of its | aftermath will mean the disappearance of their expensively acquired wisdom and their unwillingness to fight again. “Meantime, unless all signs fail, populations will be' denser and indus- trialism will have grown apace. The gradual industrialization of the unde- veloped lands which now produce raw materials and provide markets will de- prive the older industrial countries of the two things they chiefly need, and the rivalries engendered of the struggle over what remains will be correspond- Ingly embittered.” * k K X Then in final summing up of the conditions making future wars probable (as seen in 1926, hence prior to the multilateral treaty to outlaw wars as a national policy) Bakeless says: “The solution of the whole problem is simply enough—so simple and so evi- dent that there is liitle hope any ore will pay the least heed to it. We need but study the underlying causes of | modern war, spread a knowledge of them among the people who m the fighting, demonstrate the rel slight chences of profit in warfare under modern conditions—and suppress the peace-at-any-price folk, whose emo- tionalism interferes with the strenuous intellectual endeavor such a task re- quires.” The “underlying causes” are funda- mentally overpopulation and overam- bitfon of nations. Overpopulation will continue in some regions. Overambition of rulers may be curbed not merely by the “people who must do the fighting,” But by general public opinion, not as expressed in terror upon the eve of hos- tilities, as advocated by timid ones, who call for a popular ballot before Cimabue and Giotto from Florence; Simone di Marinto and the Lorenzetti. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. From it, I glean a few illustrative facts. He says: “The almost unbelievable sorcery of industry during this truly incredible dec~ ade since 1918 has been so continue ously amazing as to lead the more in- expert bystander to be ready for almost anything in the fleld of material achieve~ ment. The whole wide world of busi~ ness has been linked together, by new meshes of intimacy which have pierced the age-long barriers of estrangement ther and suspicion and have hitherto remote and- resources and markets in a manner entirely un- matched, not simply in any previous dec- ade, but in all the centuries of record- ed economic history. 4 “The triumphs of aeronautics and of the radio, of wireless telephony and electrified traffic, of automotive trans- port and synthetic chemistry, . found their origins very largely in the truly dazzling succession of experiments and widespread frantic efforts under the grave pressure of war-time necessity. * * * The roots of many of. these astounding accomplishments of the latter half of this decade reach back to numerous war-time precedents.* * * It is this mighty force that has made of these 10 dramatic post-war years the incredible decade. “Taking the 1913 production of cer- tain common industries as 100, their world output in volume in 1925 * * * has been estimated as- follows: Petro- leum, 277; pig iron, 98; raw steel, 118; mechanical engineering, 108; el ical engineering, 201; copper, 140; lead, 132; zine, 116; silk, 156; rayon, 660;'pulp, 157, and coal tar dyes, 101. * - “To taks another example, the world’s developed water power has jumped from 23,000,000 horsepower in 1920 to 33.- 000,000 in 1926, an increase which is far out of line with the growth of the number of workers. It depicts, there- fore, most vividly the further harness- ing of the forces of nature to ease the burdens of mankind, to make industry more efficiently productive at less cost in sweat and drudgery of mankind. ER The déNelopment in the output of pig iron 1% minus, and pig iron is usually taken gs the indicator of in- dustry in - gen This condition is explained partly by*ghe changes in na- tional control of iron mines from Ger- many and Austria to France, and the demoralization of the iron interests in Austria-Hungary by the war. There have been improvements in making lighter steel frames for buildings, re- sulting in great economies. Efferts are now under way to produce steel directly without first making the ore into pig. Important experiments are being mads with deposits of iron sands in n, which may revolutionize the industry in the Crient. During the decade, Ameri- ?:o;‘sh:n’u in pmd‘uct;an ofl Ppig iron rose per cent of world produc to A.’;; p‘er cent. 2 i erican supremacy is furtl - cated in the lncrelsdc’a‘l the vmpnw :’:;A’:n of machinery supplied to the whole world from this country; before the war it was 50 per cent; by 1925 it had grown to 58 per cent. In contrast with the manual labor of the several coun- ‘Congress shall have power to declare war,” but as indicated in intelligent public comprehension of international relations and our governmental poli- cles. Wars come unexpectedly, they come suddenly, as instanced by the quick results of the princely assassina- tion in Sarajevo, yet they do not come without an accumulation of events and piling up of causes which make immi- nent war inevitable. When Bakeless wrote so warningly, he had no knowledge that within two years a new element would enter the international situation, which would pledge all the nations of the world to outlaw war as a national policy for settling international disputes. There are many skeptics who discount the ef- fectiveness of the Kellogg treaty to ou law wars as legitimate international methods of backing up crippled states- manship, but the public generally, not only in America, but in all nations, are so hopeful that their hopes give opti- mism and their faith gives will. Still there’s good sense in the sentiments of the Biglow Papers: “Ef ye want peace, the thing you've gut to du Is jest to show youre up to fightin® tu.” i ® k% % What is the record of progress in the last decade? Has civilization advanced? Has the world prospered in its peace? A most comprehensive review of the dec- ade's developments, commercially and ntifically, has been written by Dr. Julius Klein, director of the United aatps Buregy of Foreign and Domestic m partment of Commerce. tries, the development of the is significant of the rise in clvflhmm?la In America, in 1913, $15.11 per capita of machinery was in use; in 1925 it amounted to $23.66 per capita. In Eu- rope in 1925, the machinery used amounted to $10.19 in Great Britain, $8.62 in Germany, $3.45 for Franee and ‘SLL|;2“!0P IR\.\.;Allll Even in Australia vas only $11.07—i : United States of msn.o‘ Seexr, i * ok ok ‘There is special significance in what Dr. Klein is pointing out, in its 1nn|:- ence upon pacification of the world of the future. Americans have invested, since the war, more than five billions of dollars in the rehabilitation of war- stricken Europe, in addition to the Gov- ernment debts still owed the United States, amounting to more than eleven billion dollars. Nations cannot maxe war without immense ex; of credits, and so long as American finance holds the purse-strings of the world America’s irresistible influence will be for peace. The billions of A: in- vestments and credits back the multi- lateral treaty most effectually. All this development, and especially the internationalization of business re- lations, makes for closer understanding, closer sympathies between nations and constitutes a real foundation for world peace—a vty of interests in peace—a prelude -+ - “concert of nations.” Ef- Ior;s to imite the nations first in a ague a~rcement were vain, but with the new gndmo‘lhs of mutual sympathy ‘may ultimately beco! 5 sible and real. 4 e S (Copyright, 1928, by Paul V. Collins.)