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“ONE'GREAT ISSUE™ ~ WILL SWAY VOTERS Dawes, in Speech, Says “Maintenance of Prosper- ity” Is Paramount. By the Associated Press. NEW YO! October 23.—Following s the text of the address by Viee Presi dent Charles G. Dawes here last night; “The campaign is nearing its close. ‘The two party platforms, both of them too long and argumentative perhaps to | have been carefully read and consid- ered by the majority of our voters, have been presented and discussed. We are hum‘xg from the partisans of both sides the strong and istent claims which are always incident to the close :: s muon‘:l! contest. The confusion ckens. “If the average citizen in voting made up his mind as to his duty by mentally weighing the opposing arguments, he, too, might be confused in reaching his decision, but he does not do so. On the contrary, as the argument becomes more voluminous and acrimonious, his mind becomes cleared, for he is apply- ing his common sense to the situation. B One Issue Held Supreme. “The average man will go to the polls on November 6 with some one great consideration in his mind which deter- mines his vote—not a half dozen con- siderations. When asked, he will be able to state that consideration in a few words, and those words will be his Interpretation of the common sense of the situation. If one can now define what the common sense of the situation ceptable to voters as a gul cisien. In addition he will be brief, for common sense demands brevity. “Common sense tells us that the real and overshadowing issue in this cam- paign, urged by the instincts and up- permost In the consciousness of the av- erage voter, i3 the issue always domi- nant when tranquillity and prosperity exist in the country. . “That -issue is the ‘maintenance of prosperity. Confidence Chief Need. “Now, the average voter realizes that the maintenance of prosperity depends upon the maintenance of general con- fidence. - 3 t for a short period times of panic, when a loss of confl- dence induces active but disastrous Hquidation, what we call prosperity is simply activity in exchanges of goods gnd services based upon confidence. The average man senses the dangers of imj general confidence by a of governmental administra- tion in & period of prosperity. The slightest reflection on. his part uj ts immediately wi the situation suggest he feels instinetively—that a change in | min administration i mwumconlushm A.ng oh-ng rnmental programs an policies and that, in turn, means the mmflmu. which is the very of our present national ‘l-rlflw and comparstive industrial collateral issues forms, and of ml which candidates in . their s*may endeavor to- injeet ito the ‘campaign, will influence many woters pro and con, but not the average woter of whom I am speaking Prohibition in Campaign. % “Consider the question of prohibition. will vote in the election one way platforms’ of the. two ;rozt ! j take practically same -" upholding , and pro- hil is a part of the Oonstitution of United States, the average. citi- #an will not regard it as an {ssue which Tmine his vote. ‘dete: 3 “As ‘s result of the expressions of Gov. Smith adverse to prohibition as & natfonal policy, some dry Democrats may yote for Mr. Hoover and some wet Republicans may vote for Mr. Smith, their votes tending to offsst each other, But mot so with the average citizen. I to yote his sentiments on the prohi- bition policy, which is not an issue and which ‘cannot be decided in this cam- paign, means that he votes adversely fo his 6wn views on the real and great- er issue of prosperity, which affects him directly, he will not throw away his vote. His vote will be cast upon what is the real issue in his mind, irrespective of the collateral discussion of prohi- bition. “The existence of this dominant is- sue of {{,‘f‘"m’ renders it hopeless to fegard result at the November polls Bs a sentimental referendum on the ¢ result unirustuorthy even. oo o unt y even as an Indication of the state of public senti- or wl t | brought about. JM:& of every family; the enactment %flm aws _w&h have .:'nd arded other with this in mind, .but | ¢ -door tecreation; public heslth and the NEW YORK, October 23.—~Pollowing is the text of Herbert Hoover's speech here last night in Madison Square Garden: “This campaign now draws near a close. The platforms of the two parties defining principles and offering solu- tions of various national problems have been ted and are being earnestly considered by our le. “After four munpnfiP debate it is not son for abandonment of any of the principles it hes lald down or of the views it has expressed for solution of the problems before the country. The principles to which it adheres are rooted deeply in the foundations of our na- ti life. The solutions which it pro- poses are based on experience with overnment and on & consciousness that t may have the responsibility for placing those solutions in action. “In my acceptance speech I endeav- ored to outline the spirit and ideals by which I would be guided in carrying that platform into administration. To- night I will not deal with the multi- tude of issues which have been already well canvassed. 1 intend rather to dis- cuss somee of those fundamental prin- ciples and ideas u})on which I believe the Government of the United States should be conducted. Calls G. 0. P. Progressive. “The Republican party has ever been a party of progress, I do not need to review its 70 years of constructive his- tory. It has already reflected the spirit of the American people. Never has it done more for the advancement of fun- damental progress than during the past seven and a half years since we took over the Government amidst the ruin left by war. “It detracts nothing from the char- acter and energy of the American peo- ple, it minimizes in no degree the qual- ity of their accomplishments to say that the policies of the Republican party have played a large part in recupera- tion from the war and the building of the magnificent progress which shows upon "e% han Ml{u 1 say with emphasis that without the wise policies | which the Republican gmy has brought | into action during this ‘period no such prog‘:u would have-been possible. “The first responsibility of the Re- | publican administration was to renew the march of progress from its collapse by the war. That task involved the restoration of confidence in the future and the liberation ‘and "stimulation of the constructive ene: of our people. 1t disc! that . There is not a R, i, O, ) 2o oes not w foun - ress. which our sountry. has mur:ofn: this. period. Every man and woman knows that American comfort, hope and confidence for the future are im- ‘measurably hlsher this day than they were seven and one-half years ago. Some Reminders Given. “It is not my purpose to enter upon & detailed recital of the great construc- tive measures of the past seven and a half years by which this has been 1t is sufficient to re. you of the restoration of employ~ ment to the milllons who walked rywur streets in idleness; to remind you of the creation of the budget system; the re- duction of six billions of national debt which gave the powerful impulse of that vast sum returned to industry and commerce; the four sequent reductions of taxes ‘and thereby the lift to the workers and farmers from goods and labor from fo: 3 the' creation of credit factlities and many other aids to,agriculture; the - bullding up of orelgn trade of ot SeaTih , of radio, of m waterways. of our highways; the expansion of the "msking of Safer highways, saicr e o er /S, er mines, better homes; the ) of ‘out- improvement in 1 otber progreassye ot seore of other. ve sctions. need tg remind you that Government today deals with an eco- nomic and social system vastly more intricate and delicately adjusted than ever before: That systém now must be klm in perfect tune if we would main. tain uninterrupted employment and the high standards of living of our pgople. The Government has come to touch this delicate web at a thousand points. ly the relations of Government to national prosperity become more and more intimate. “Only through keen vision and help- ful co-operation by the Government has stability in business and stability in employment been maintained during this past seven and a half years. ' There always are some localities, e indus- tries and some individuals wio #o net share the prevailing prosperity. The task of Government is to lessen these inequalities. *e: “Never has there been a period the Federal Govérnment has given su aid and impulse to the progress of our people, not‘alone to economic pr but to the development of those agencies ment on' prohibition And yet, for no pther practical purposes than I have mentioned, could a wet or dry yote be cast in the presidential cam- ‘The average voter senses this. Farm Reliof Is Pledged, “Again the existence of that ~ inant iul;xe of i useless where bot) es have pledged themselves in their platforms to at- tempt farm relief $o hope that either the economic principles or details of any lar measure to effect it can become & major issue in the campaign. ‘The average voter senses this. the Democratic party for has been ‘the continuing and bitter opponent of the protective tariff which has been firmly established as & nationdl policy by the Republican party and under. which we have achieved our unparalleled national {mflpeflt! While, in its last platfors. he Democratic party promises a cer- tein asquiescence in the policy of pro- tection, it is manifestly to avold the issue in the campaign.” A promise to do something whi for years the Democratic party has schooled its members to abhor is not easy for it to ca out if placed in power. “To attempt to unite itself in Con-!| gress to a right-about-face upon the tariff would mean instead some oblique movement since it would involve an ef- fort to square its traditional policy with 8 platforrit plank adopted as a campaign expedient. The revision of the tariff . Bt the hands of its traditional enemies instead ‘of its traditional friends would unsettle business confidence and destroy prosperity, “Bees Democrats Confused. “Democratic success would plunge that party into utter confusion in car- rying but a legislative program, when, upon prohibition, the Chief Executive would” be out of sympathy with the party platform, and upon the tariff, the rank and file of the party would be out of sympathy with the flltrorn The Bverage citizen senses all this. “These are the reasons which lead me to believe -that the a je voter, upon the issue of preserving prosperity which is, dominant in this campaign, will vote for the continuance of a Re- Public administration, and it will be the a yoter who determines the result the election. “The Republican party has nomi- nated Secretary Hoover for the presi- dency, & man of great ability, training and experience in larger governmental #ffairs.. That he is a man of high purpose, honesty and sinceérity, all must admit. Of his executive ability, his energy and his great and ‘constructive accomplishments for: the public good, I can testify from collaboration with him in the trying period after the armistice in France when suffering gmswlty renders it | otp progress, - Budiness Policy Stated. “But in addition to this great record :; contribu of tl::‘e‘ Repul ch!‘ party progress. there been a further fundamental contribution—a contribu- tion ynderlying and sustaining all the 2 is the resistance of arty to every attempt to injeet. th?é ernment into business in competition with its citizens, “After the'war, when the Republican party assumied administration of the country, we faced with the prob- lem of de ation of the very nature of our natiohal life. During 150 years we have builded.up a form of self-gov- ernment and a system which is eculierly our own. It differs essen-~ lally from all others in the world. It is American system. It is just as definite and positive a political and social system as has ever been devel- oped on earth, “It is founded upon a particular con- ception of self-government, in which decentralized local responsibility is the very base. Further than this, ‘it is founded upon the conception that only through ordered liberty, freedom and equal opportunity to the individual will his iniative and enterorise spur on the march of progress. - And in our insis. thers-~and. the Republican our system advanced beyond ell the world. 4 “During the war we necessarily turned to the Gove nt to solve every diffi- cult economit blem, The Govern- ment ha absorbed every energy of our people for war, there was no other solution. For the preservation of the state the Federal Government became a centralized despotism which under- took unprecedented responsibilities, as- sumed autocratic powers and. took over the business fl?‘r\ dud . To hl l|.ll‘le d?- gree we regimented our whole people tem) ly inte qt socialistic state. However justified in time of war, #f con- tinued in peace time it would destroy not only our American system but with 1t our progress and freedom as well. Paternalism Turned Down. “When the war closed the most vital of all issues, both in our own country and throughout the world, was whether governments should continue their war- time ownership and operation of many inetrumentalities of production and dis- tribution. We were challenged with a peace-time choice between the Ame;l- can system of rugged individualism and a European philosophy of diametrically opposed doctrines—doctrines of pater- ment of Commerce, an- achievement of :such usefuliess to our Nation that it ialone would have preserved his fame in history. I see in the personality of multity needed immediate assist- ance, and sgdln in my work ‘as"the first director of the budget, when he Awas engaged in the difficult begin- ning of his upbuilding of the Depatt- the Republican nominee only added reasan for 't‘}:_e %fifi that, to u: average vot n _success this contest the continued hap. piness and ity of our people.” | TEXT 0 loods o{.ggrnumum and administration of that which make for mioral and spliritusl| sion tence upon equality of epportunity has| be, THE EVENING nalism and state socialism. The ac- ceptance of these ideas would have meant the destruction of self-govern- ment through centralization of govern- ment, It would have meant the under- mining of the individual initiative and enterprise through which our people have grown to unparalleled greatness. “The blican party from the be- inning resolutely turned its face away rom these ideas and thsse war prac- tices. A Republican Congress co-oper ated with the Democratic administra. tion to demobilize many of our war ac- tivities. At that time the two parties were in accord upon that point. When the Republican party came into full power it went at once resolutely back to our fundamental conception of the state and the rights and responsibilities of the individual. Thereby it restored confidence and hope in the American people, it freed and stimulated enter- prise, it restored the Government to its position as an umpire instead of a player in the economic game. “For these reasons the American peo- ple have gone forward in progress while the rest of the world has halted and some countries have even gone back- ward. If any one will study the causes of retarded recuperation in Europe, he will find much of it due to the stiftin of private initiative on one hand an overloading of the government with business on the other. * Cites Recent Proposals. “There has been revived in this cam- paign, however, a series of proposals which, if adopted, would be a long step toward the abandonment of our Ameri- can system and a surrender to the de- structive operation of governmental conduct of commercial business. Be- cause the country is faced with diffi- culty and doubt over certain natjonal roblems—that is, probibition, farm re- ief and electrical power—our opponents propose that we must thrust vern- ment a long way into the businesses which give rise to these problems. “In effect, they abandon the tenets of their own party and turn to state so- clllllmwlfia ; w:ixu&: for fi:eudimcum:; presen y al . Proposef that we shall change from prohibition to the State purchase and sale of liquor. If -their agricultural rejief program means anything, it means that the Government shall directly or indirectly buy and sell and fix prices of agricul- tural products. And we are to go into the hydro-electric power business. In other words, we are confronted with a huge program of Government in busi- 8. “There is, therefore, submitted to the American r&eopls & question of funda- mental prineiple. t is: shall we depart from the principles of our Amer- ican cEomwal and economic system, upon which we have advanced beyond all the rest of the world, in order to adopt methods based on principles destructive of its very foundations? And I wish{ to emphasize the seriousness of these proposals. I wish to make my position clear, for this goes to the very roots of American life and progress. “I should like to state to you the effect. that this projection of Govern- ment _in business would have upon our system of self-government and our eco- nomic system. That effect would reach to- the daily life of every man and woman. It would impair the very basis of liberty and freedom not only for those left outside the fold of expanded bu- {;l?'frwy but for those embraced with- Effect on Self-Rule. “Let us first see the effect upon self- Federal . When Gov- U clal business it must at once set up the and it immediately finds itself in al . every alley of which ‘luitlo destruction of self-govern- men! . ' ““Oommereial ‘business requires a con~ ‘eentration -of ‘responsibility. ~Self-gov- ernment requires decentralization and many checks and balances to safeguard liberty. Our_:Goverpment to: succeed in business woilld nééd become, in ef- fect, a d . There at once begins the destruction of self-government. “The first: iof t problemiof the government about to adventure in commercisl busi~ ness is to determine a method of ministration. It must secure leadership and direction. Shall this leadership be chosen by political agencies or shall we make it _elective? e hard, practical fact is that leadership in business must come through the sheer rise in ability and character. That rise can only take place in the free atmosphere of compe- tition. Competition is closed by bu- reaucracy. Political agencies are feeble channels through which to select able leaders to conduct commercial business. “Government, in order to avoid the ?ou,lble incompetence, corruption and yranny of too great authority in indi- viduals entrusted with commercial busi- ness, inevitably turns to boards and commissions. make sure that there are checks and balances each member of such boards and commissions must have equal authority. Sees Divided Leadership. - “Each has his separate responsibility to’‘the public, and at once we have the conflict of ideas and the lack of deci- which would any commercial business, It has contributed greatly to the demoralization of our shipping busi- ness. Moreover, thesé commissions must -be re ntative of different sections ‘and different political ‘parties, so that at once we have an entire blight upon hich dest: e p‘o‘s?ilhl:lizh“; r;nh wl estroys any y of effece tive administratio g b bodies can- tration. “‘Moreover, our legislative not. in fact delegate their full authority to ‘commissions or to .individuals for the conduct of matters vital to the American people, for if we would pre- serve government by the pecple we must preserve the authority of our legislators in the activities of our Government. “Thus every time the Federal Gov- ernment goes into a commercial busi- ness 531 Senators and Representatives become the actual board of directors of that business. Every time a State gov- ernment goes into business one or two hundred State senators and legislators become the actual directors of that business. Even if they ‘were supermen and if there were no-politics in the United States, no body of such num- bers could competently direct commer- cial activities, for that requires initia- tive, instant deeision and action. - Ittook Congress six years of constant discus- slon to even decide what the method of administration of Muscle Shoals should Taxation Factor Cited. “When the Federal Government un- dertakes to go into business the State governments are at once deprived of control and taxation of that business; when a State government undertakes to go into business it at once deprives the municipalities of taxation and con- trol of that business, Muncipalities, being local and close to the people, can at times succeed in business where Fed- eral and State governments must fail. “We have trouble enmough with log- rolling in legislative bodies today. It originates naturally from desires of citi- zens to advance their particular sec- tion or to secure some necessary service. It would be multiplied a_thousandfold were the Federal and State govern- ments in these businesses. “The effect upon our economic prog- ress “vould be gvm worse.' Business pr:;— gressiveness jent. on competi- tion. New metho&m:fiu new ideas are the outgrowth of the spirit of adven- ture, of individusl initiative and of in- dividual enterprise. Without adventure there is no progress. No government mlnhtum can rightly take chances taxpayers' money. “There {s' no better example of the practical incompetence of Government to conduct business than the history of our rall . During the war the Gov- Emtimlhaes until atter m‘n the bet they were not able to meet the !eml.n“ for transportation. t E«It ‘maore sf flmefl as well STAR, WASHINGTON, Upper: The leq;ubunan nominee, Herbert Hoover, with leaders at eampaign he: address at Madison Square Garden. Left to right: Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Mr. Hoover, -’5:- and Albert S. Callan. Lower: Among those present at breakfast given at the Waldorf-Astoria to Mrs. Hoover. Gilbreth, standing; seated, Mrs. Henry Ford, Mrs. Herbert Hoover, Mrs. Thomas Edison, Joanne Wri row, left to right: Mrs. John Thomas, Dr, Lilllan Gilbreth, Mrs. Roy B. Wright and Mrs. B. E. E D. €, TUESDAY, F HOOVER ADDRESS IN MADISON OCTOBER 23, 1928. ber of people. the cost of living has decreased. | job to every man and woman has been made more secure. short period decreased the fear of poverty, the fear of unemployment. the age—and these are fears| that are the greatest calamities of hu- man kind. fear of old “All this machines. the sweat in human labor. of labor sre lessened: increased. We have expanded our parks and playgrounds. “We have nearly doubled our attend- We pour into_outdoor recreation in every direction. The vis- itors at our national parks have trebled and we have so increéased the number of sportsmen fishing in our streams and lakes that the longer time between bites is becoming a political issue. these seven and one-half years the ra- dio has brought music and laughter, education and political discussion to al- most every fireside. “Springing from our prosperity with its greater freedom, its vast endowment of sclentific research and the greater resources with which to care for health, we Have, accordin ance actuaries, during th since the war, lengthened the average span of life by nearly eight years. We have reduced infant mortality, we vastly decreased the days of illness and suffering in the life of every man and | woman. We have improved the facili- ties for the care of the helpless and deranged. ance at games. in”our our high schools our institutions of SQUARE GARDEN things to wear and better homes. We have even gained in elbow room, for the imcrease of residential floor space is more than 28 per cent, with less than 10 per cent increase in our num- ‘Wages have Mu’l'hdt More Than Creature Comforts. A score of new hel] We have stea to our insu: short, Education Expanded. “From our increasing resources we have expanded our educational system | in eight years from an outlay of $1,200,- | | 000,000 io $2,700,000.000. The education | P, {of our youth has become almost our |largest and certainly our most impor- | tant activity, From our greater income |nnd thus our ability to free' youth from toil we have increased the attendance rade schools by 14 per cent, in 80 mr cent, and in higl r learning | 95 per cent. Today we have more you | in these institutions of higher learnin; | twice over than all the rest of the wcrl We have made notable fro;rul in literature, in art and in pub- | lic taste. “We have made progress in the lead- branch of American life. istory was the leadership in our economic life more distinguished than today, and it has | put_together. | ership of eve: | Never in our lquartérs before delivering his cam- Vice President Charles W. —Associated Press Photo. Lelt to right, frent row: lane ight; starding, back —P.. & A. Photo, mand for service. Rates have been re- dugced by 15 per cent and net earnings increased from less than 1 per cent on their valuation to about 5 per cent. ‘Wages of employes have improved by 13 per cent. The wages of railway.em- ployes are today 121 per cent above pre- war, while the wagss.of Government employes are today only 65 per cent above ‘pre-war. That should bs a -suffi- clent commentary upon the efciency of Government operation, “Let us now examine this question from the point of viesw of the person who may get a Government job and is admitted into the new bureaucracy. Upon that subject let me quate from a spesch of that great leader of labor, Samuel Gompers, delivered in Montreal in 1021% few years before his death. He said: ‘I believe there is no man to whom I would take second position in my loy- alty to the Republic ‘of the United States, and yet I would not give it more power over the individual citizenship of our country. * * * “‘It is & question of whether it shall be Government owmership or private ownership under control. * * * I I were in the minority of one in this convention, I would want to cast. my vote so that the men of labor shall not willingly enslave themselves to Gov- ernment authority in their industrial effort for freedom. * ¢ * “ ‘Let the future tell the story of who is right or who is wrong: who has stood for freedom and who has been willing to submit their fate industrially to the Government.” ‘Would Amplify Statement. “I would amplify Mr, Gompers' state- ment. The great body of Government employes which would be created by the proposals' of our opponents would either comprise a political machine at the dispcsal of the party in power, or alternatively, to prevent this, the Gov- ernment by stringent | Civil Service rules must debar its employes from their full political rights as free men. It must limit them in the liberty to bargain for their own ‘wages, for no Government employe cah strike against his- Government and thus against the whole le. It makes a legislative body, with all its political currents their final employer and master. Their bargaining does not rest upon economic need or economic strength but on polit- ical potence. “But what of those who are outside the bureaucracy? What is the effect upon their lives? 4 “The area of enterprise and oppor- tunity for them to strive and rise is at anc;_}llumted. “The Government in commercial business does not tolerate among its customers the freedom of competitive reprisals to which private business is subject. Bureaucracy does not tolerate the spirit of independence; it spreads the spirit of submission into our daily life and penetrates the temper of our people not with the habit of powerful resistance to wrong, but with the habit of timid acceptance of irresistible might. Sees Bureaucratic Peril. “Bureaucracy is ever desirous’ of spreading its influence and its power. You cannot extend the mastery of the Government over the daily working. life of a people without at the same time making it the master of the people's souls and thoughts. Every expansion of Government in business means 'fthat Government, In order to protect ftself from the political consequences of its errors and wrongs, is driven irresistibly without peace to greater and ter control of the Nation's press and plat- form. speech does not live many hours after free industry and free-com- merce die. “It is' a false liberalism that Inter- prets itself into the Government - tion of commercial business. ery step of bureaucratizing of the business of our country poisons the very r of liberalism; that is, political . equality, free speech, free assembly, free press and equality of opportunity. It i§ the road not to more liberty but to less! Uberty. “Liberalism should be found not striv- ing to spread bureaucracy but striving to set bounds to it: True liberalism seeks 2ll Jegitimate freedom first in. the t belief that without such free- dom the ‘pursuit’of all of blessings and benefits is vain. “That bellef is the foundation of all Ameriean progress, a8 economic. is a force truly of the spirit—a force proceeding from the deep realization that economic freedom can- not, be sacrificed i political freedom is | to be preserved. Even if governmental control of business could give us more | efficlency instead of less eMclency, the | foundamental objection to it would re- | main unaltered and unabated. . Equality Would Be Lost. “It would destroy political equality. It would increase rather than decrease abuse and corruption. It wolld stifie initiative and invention. 1t would un« dermine the devel ent of leadership. It would cramp and cripple the mental and spiritual energies of our people, It would extinguish equality oppor- tunity. It would dry up thé spirit of liberty and progress. For these reasons firunmly it must be resisted. For a undred and fifty years liberalism has found its true spirit in the American | system, not in the European systems. “I do not wish to be misunderstood in this statement. I am defining a gen- | eral policy. It does not mean that our Government is to part with one iota of its national resources without complete | protection to the public interest. I | have already stated that where the Government, is engaged in public works for puipases of flood control, of naviga- | tion, of irrigation, of scientific research |or national defense or in pioneering & | new art, it will at times nec: produce power .or commodities as a bys product. . But they must be a by-prods uct of the major purpose, not the major purpose {tself. “Nor do I wish to be misinterpreted as believing that the United States is | free for all and devil take the hindmost. The very, essence of equality of oppor- tunity and of American individualism is that there shall be no domination by any gréup or combination in this Re. public, whether it be business or polit- ical. On the contrary, it demands eco- nomic justice as well as political and 70;1&1 justice. It is no system of laissez aire. Has Seen Proof of Charge. “I feel deeply on this subject, because during the war I had some practical experience with governmental operation and control. I have witnessed, not only at home but abroad, the many failures of government in business, I have seen its tyrannies, its injustices, its destruc- tion of self-government, its undermin- ing of the very instinets which carry our people forward to progress. I have witnessed the lack of advance, the low- ered standards of living, thé depressed spirits of people working under such a system. My objection is based not upon theory or upon a failure to recognize wrong or abuse, but I know the adop. tion of such methods would strike at the very roots of American life and would destroy the very basis of Ameri« can_progress. y “Our people have the right to know whether we can centinue to solye our great problems without abandonment of our American system. I know we.can. We have demonstrated that our system is responsive enough to meet any new and intricate development in.our eco- nomic and business lifse. We have dem- onstrated. that we can meet any eco- nomic problem and still maintain our democracy as master in its own house, and that we can at the same time pre- serve equality of opportunity and indi- ; vidual freedom. Réfers o Big Business. “In the last 50 years we have discov- ered that. mass production will produce articles for us at half the cost they re- quired previodsly. We have seen the resultant growth of large units of pro- duction and distribution. This is business. | Many businesses must be bigger, for ou ls are bigger, our country {s bigger, We now build a single dynamo of a hundred thousand horsepower, Even 15 years ago that would have been a big business all by itself. Yet today advance in production requires that we set 10 of these units together in a row. "The American people from bitter experience have a rightful fear that (great business units might be used to dominate our industrial life and by illegal and unethical practices' destroy: equality of opportunity. “Years ago the Republican adminis- tration established: wflp‘e that such evils could be corrected by regula tion. It developed methods o g 7 by which :‘Eml d 1‘: :nml while the value progress eould be m‘% 1t instated big! of life and industrial insurance, build- | upon _the principle that . when great public utilitles were clothed with the eecurity of partial monopoly, whether it be railways, power plants, telephones or what not, then there must the fullest and most complete control of o ryices and finances bg Gov= ernmsnt 6r local agencies. It declared that these businesses must be conducted with glass pockets. “As to our great manufacturing and distributing industries, the Republican rty insisted upon the enactment of aws that not only would maintain com- petition but would destroy conspiracies to destroy the smaller units or dominate and limit the equality of opportunity among our people. “One of the great problems of gov- ernment is to determine to what extent the Government, shall regulate and control commerce and industry and how much it shall leave it alone. No system is perfect. We have had many abuses in the private conduct of business. That every good citizen resents. It is just as important - that business keep out of government as that government keep |-out of business. “Nor am I setting up the contention that our institutions are perfect. No human ideal is ever {‘erlectly attained, since humanity itself is not perfect. “The wisdom of our forefathers in "their conception that progress can only be attained as the sum of the accom- 'plishment. of free individuals has been reinforced by all of the great leaders of the country’since that day. Jackson, Lincoln, Cleveland, McKinley, Roose- velt, Wilson and Coolidge have stood unalterably for these principles. United States Land of Opportunity. “And what have been the results of our American system? Our country has become the.land of opportunity to those born without inheritance, not merely because of the wealth of its resources and industry but because of this free- dom of initiative and enterprise. Rus- sia has natural resources equal to ours. Her ple are equally industrious, but she not had the blessings of 150 years of our form of government and of our social system. | By adherence to the principles of decentralized self-government, ordered liberty, equal opportunity and freedom to the individual, our American experi-~ ment in human welfare has yielded a degree of wellbeing unparalleled: in all the world. It has come nearer to the abolition of poverty, to the abolition of fear of want, than humanity has ever reached before. Progress of the seven years is the proof of it. is alone furnishes ‘the answer to our op- ponents, who ask us to introduce de- structive elements into the ‘:Lsum by which this has been accomplished. “Let us see what this system has done for us in our recent years of difficult and trying reconstruction, and let us then solemnly ask ourselves if we now wish to abandon it. Profits Made Since War. “As a Nation we came out of the war with great losses. We made no profits from {t. The apparent increases in wages were at that time fictitious. We were poorer as a Nation when we emerged from the war. Yet during, these last eight years we have recov- ered from these losses and increased our national income by more than one- third, even if we discount the inflation of the dollar. That there has been a wide diffusion of our gain in wealth | and income is marked by a hundred proofs. “I know of no better test of the im- roved conditions of the lV!l‘lfi family han the combined increase assets ing and loan associations and savings| deposits. These are the savings banks ' of the average man. These agencies alone have in seven years increased by nearly 100 per cent to tHe gigantic sum. of more than '$50,000,000,000, or nearly one-sixth of our whole national wealth. We have increased in home ownership. we have expanded the investments of ' the ave: man. “In addition te these evidences of larger savings, our people are steadily increasing their spend for higher standards of living. ay there arc almost 9 automobiles for each 10 fami- lies, where seven and a half years ago only enough automobiles were running; et T logun of rogress s ghunging g sl progress . trom the ol & . mflI uinner pail o the in its abilities grown public responsibility. Leadership in our professions and in moral and spiritual | affairs of ouf country was never of a | higher order. And our magnificent edu- | iy, | cational system is bringing forward a ¥ host of recruits for the su to this leadership. “I do not need to recite more figures and more evidence. that the American people wish to aban. don or in any way to weaken the prin. ciples of econol government which been tained by the Republican party and which have produced results so amazing and so mmullun! to well as to the mal Nation. its suburbs, it and s half years & million and a half of people, until it has become” the largest metropolitan district of all the world. Here made abundant for. the youth of immigrant s “This_city is the rommercial center of the United States. It is the commer- cial agent of the American is a great organism of 3 and leadership in finance, industry and | commerce, which reaches everz‘spov. cur country. Its progress and ride of the whole American t leads our Nation in its be- nevolences to charity, to education and scientific research. It is the art, music, literature and drama. ‘It has come to have a more any other city in the United 3 “But when all is said ‘and done, ;the and rity of this o 1 people ‘who are the people. e, perity dwell in our mountains and across the 3,000 miles Ocean. sensitive to every évil and eve: able tide that sweeps this gre: of ours. Be there &1 dustry in any York far more the country. . greatly in its consciousness freedom and sel have the spiritual New York City's Status. “Your city has béen an outstant guart has duflgl the grown by les. Wil mote. t from foreign shores. le. ter ry lite, is wi of 15,000,000 to Every activity of: this .city “In a time of depréssion one. of all the unemployed in States can be numbered a time of prosperity the citizens of We have in this progress means far more than greater creature comforts. It finds a thousand interpretations into a greater and fuller life. save the drudgery of the home. seven years we have added 70 per cent to the electric power at the elbow of our workers and further promoted them from carriers of burdens to directors of dily reduced Our_hours our leisure has In ublic have crippled and 1 cannot believe main- advance of the eat esS_ani Hudlpies, . With last seven (than rtunit; t h‘n‘i; opportuni ol e land but or. the skill beauty voice than i vulerc favor- Nation lace, v e - a W than sy bther part of uarter the United in this city. great fterior of our coun ir into your city for business an in- ment at a rate of 150,000 a day. In fact, so much is this city the reflex of the varied interests of our country that the concern of every one of your citizens for national stability, for national pros- perity, for national progress, for pres- ervation of our American system, is far greater than that of any other single part of our country, Still Have Big Problems. “We still have great problems if we would . achieve the full economic: ad- vancement of our countrv. In these past few years some grouns r our roun- try have lagged behind others in the march of progress. I reier more par- ticularly to those engaged in the textile, coal and in the agrieultural industries We can assist in solving these probiems by co-operation of our Government. “To the agricultural industry we shall need to advance initial capital to assist them to stabilize their industry. < But this proposal implies that they shall conduct it themselves, and not by the Government, It is i the interest of our cities that we shall bring agricul- ture and all industries into full stabil« ity and prosperity. I know you will gladly co-operate in the faith that in the common prosperity of our country Hes its future. “In bringing this address to a conclu- sion I should like to restate to you some of the fundamental things I have endeavored to bring out. “The foundations of progress and prosperity are dependent as never be- fore upon the wise policies of govern- ment, for government now touches at 1,000 points the intricate web of eco- nomic and social life. Tssue of Prosperity. “Under administration by the Repub- lican party in the last seven and a half years our country as a whole has made unparelleled progress and this has been in generous part reflected to this great city. Prosperity is no idle éxpression. It is a job for every worker; it is the safety and the safeguard of every busi- ness and every home. A continuation of the policies of the Republican party is fundamentally necessary to the fur- ther advancement of this progress and | to the further building up of this pros- n r- rity. “I have dwelt at some length on the principles of relationship betwesn the Government and business. I make no apologies for dealing with this subject. e first necessity of any nation is the smooth functioning of the vast busi- ness machinery for employment, feed- ing, clothing, housing and providing luxuries and' comforts to a people. Un- less these basic elements are properly organized and functioned, there can be no progress in business, in education. literature, music or art. There can be no advance in"the fundamental ideals of a people. A people cannot make pmrren in poverty. “T have endeavored to present to you that the greatness of America < has grown out of a political and social sys- tem and a method of control of eco- nomic forces distinctly its owh—our American system—which has carried this great experiment in human wel- fare farther than ever before in &H Abolition of Poverty. “We are nearer today to the ideal of the abolition of poverty and fear from the lives of men and women than ever before in any land. And I again 1 Sostem by njesiing DRACipies.d n system pi e structive ta it which our opponen proJ:ou will jeopardizs the very liberty and freedom of our people, will destroy equality of opportunity not alone tc ourseives but to our chi n. “To me the foundation of American life rests upon the home and the family. I.vead into these great economic forces, thass intricate and delicate relations of the Government with business and with our political and social life, but one su- rsme end—that we reinforce the ties the millions of our families, that we strengghen the se- curity, the happiness amd the inde- peadence of every home. . “My eonception of America is a land where. men and women may walk in orderéd fréedom in the independent -conduet of their occupations: where they may enjoy the advantages ot wealth, not concentrated in the hands of the few but spread h the liver of all, where thay build and safeguard their homes and give to their children the fullest advantages and opportunities of American life; where dvery man shall be respected in the faith that his coi science and his heart direct him to low; where a contented and happy }m ple, secure in their liberties, free from poverty and fear, shall have the leisure and impulse to seek a fuller life. “Some may ask where all this may lead beyond mere material progress. It leads to a release of the energies of men and women from the dull drudgery of 1ife to a wider vision and a higher hope. It leads to the opportunity for greater and greater service, not alone from man to man in our own land; but from our country to the whole world. It leads to an Americs, healthy in body, healthy in spirit, -unfettered, youthful, eager- with a .vision searching beyond the far- thest horizons, with an open mind sym- mtheuc and generous. It is to these igher ideals and for these purposes that I pledge myself and the Republi- can party.' of It in of is ITH their branches, you I n ave. over. ten million erves. re are nerves that build reserve form: or give muscular con- trol, regulate digestion and heartbeat. Others empty waste or release fuel, energy, and build-* ing material in your body. calcium and from storage depots Their vitalizers are potassivm. 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