Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1928, Page 8

THE EVENI dTHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. p TUESDAY... July. 3, 1928 * THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11tn St 'And Penntvivania A an X ve. New York Offce: 110 East 3nd St. Chicago Office: Tower Buildine. European Office; 14 Rexent St.. London. from the harness it generally suffers damage by the windblown progress of the big chute along the ground. Other experiments have shown likewise that a sixteen-hundred-pound bomb is dragged like a feather over the terrain before the chute can be released. It is this feature that Maj. Hoffman and his co-workers hope to eliminate, and with his conspicuous success in the development of the small chute there is reason to believe that in the compara- tively near future the Army will pro- duce a safe and practical parachute | | capable of bringing both plane and pas- by Carrier Within the City. -+ -45¢ per month 60c per month ~85¢ per month sengers to earth. 5 ——— Accurate Treasury Estimates. | A summary of the Treasury's condh} | tion at the close of the fiscal year made | | by Secretary Mellon shows an extraordi- narily close range of estimates in ad- vance. The Treasury estimate of the Government's revenues for the twelve] thonths differed from the actual figures | by only about $9,000,000, & trifling per- | 1,00 | centage of the total of income. The 30¢ | surplus was estimated at $455,000,000, |exclusive of the settlement of war claims, which, totaling $50.000,000, brought the computed balance to $405,- 000,000. The actual surplus was $398,- 000,000, or seven millions less than the _ | estimate, a difference of less than one AR > = and three-quarters per cent. Consider- Gambling in Washington. | ing the immense volume of Government Investigations by The Star, now being | business, this is a remarkable degree of conducted, show that gambling estab- | precision and refutes eriticisms hereto- fishments of varying scales of operation | fore made regarding the dependability are flourishing in Washington. Some of j of the Treasury estimates. them are plain poolrooms, where bets on | During the fiscal year just closed the Thorse races are taken. Others are small | total of the public debt was reduced eard clubs, where games of chance are | from $18.511.000,000 to $17.504,000.000, played. Others still are larger clubs, |a cut of nearly a billion. At the same with regular memberships. where exten- | time the interest rate on the debt was sive play is conducted. The poolrooms | cut from 3.96 per cent to 3.87 per cent. are patronized by the public at large, | This was accomplished by refunding with little or no scrutiny of those who | operations through the retirement of venture into them to risk—and usually | bonds at higher rates of interest and | Jose—their money. The small promis- | their replacement by lower rate bonds. enous clubs are virtually open to the | Thus there was a material saving in in- jpublic, with but a thin famouflage of | terest pavments, both in the absolute re- membership. The larger clubs safe- | tirement of bonds and in the change of guard themselves against intrusion by | rate on those outstanding. & form of membership election that en-| Federal bookkeeping is a com- | ables their managers to reduce the dan- | plex procedure. The Treasury deals ger of police intervention to a minimum. | With highly fluid conditions. Having no “With all this gambling in progress, | direct control over expenditures, the | there is very little effective prosecution | last word in which is given by Congress, the law which forbids the mainte- | it must confine itself to recommenda- ce of “gaming tables” and punishes | tions. If its proposals were always fol- engaged in the practice. From |lowed in point of both expenditures and to time raids are conducted upon | revenue provision, it could assuredly and occasionally upon some | balance the national budget with pre- the so-called clubs, the promoters of | cision. But political considerations are ch are haled to court, there to stall | manifest in legislation, and the Treas- prosecution and trial by various ex- | ury must adjust to both outgo and in- ts of delay, with the result of a | come provisions made by the legislative ble percentage of convictions. body, to which it can only submit itsd | In a report submitted yesterday by |Views and present its recommendations. grand jury attention was called to In view of these conditions, the affect- fact that most of the cases sub- | ing of a balanced budget with virtually ed to that body are of a petty nature | precise confirmation of estimates is an that the larger operators are not | achievement of a remarkable character. in the police net, and the cases o s st them are not effectively pre-| by the police. The grand jury (when § Sundays) ! The Sundas Star o per copy Collection mace at ihe end of each month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone ain 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ily ard Sunda: 1 yr. $1000: 1 mo., 8¢ ily only 1 yr. $6.00: 1 mo. S0¢ day only S.1 310 $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sundar..1 ¥r., $1200: 1 m Daily onlv .. 1 ¥r. $800: 1 mo. Sunday only . $5.00: 1 wo. Member of the Associated Press. e Associated Press ie exclusively entitied Th 0 the use for republication of all news dis- ‘redited to it or not otherwise cred- 50 the local rew. 0. published here @ispatches here: apecial re also Teserved. | | | | | | Alabama Ends Convict Leasing. Alabama is ending its convict-labor leasing system, and a blot that has stained the record” of that State for more than twenty years is removed. ‘The prison gangs, rented out to coal- mine owners and to other enterprises, have been returned to the direct charge of the State and put on public works. A dispatch to The Star from one of the mining towns of Alabama tells of .a pathetic scene as the convicts emerged from the shafts and sang in rejoicing that they were restored to “freedom.” ‘The leasing of convicts has proved one of the most shameful of abuses. These men have been virtually sold into slav- oceed hwuntpoueeoflun; p schooled in properly working up cases and instructed to do so in that they may be able “to supply jis gambling evil ramifies through { groups of citizens. It is a pernicious ‘long as opportunities are so freely for the wagering of bets, large small, upon the performances of {attention from liquor to tobacco as a Iof an efficiency expert. | Waited for the Mockin' Bird melodious and upon the turn of the cards spinning of the wheel, immense | ‘will be squandered in this wise. has been well known for a long Mmlmluth'uflnll pmmmmux the gambling habit. The police | for time lost, perhaps in jail, and others to run the establishments their return to freedom. The 4s so profitable that extraordinary can be met and still leave a ery. They have been exploited without regard for their health or, indeed, thelr lives.. They have been cruelly treated, with the most savage of disciplinary measures. Nobody will ever know how many of them have perished in conse- But one of the worst phases of the convict-leasing system has been the practice of corralling men as prisoners by outrageous methods for the making of convicts. An uncounted number of men have been “framed” with false evi- dence in order to swell the number of | those who might be leased out for forced | labor. Public sentiment in Alabama has been evoked against this cruel system, margin of winnings for those Who ) p¢ ¢ nas taken a long time to over- n ""l‘:'m"‘“h'm""!eome it. At last a law was enacted to men y {put an end to it at the close of June, s & shameful condition. It A% | 1928, and now at last the prisoners of be yegarded as inicurable “:"" “ | the State are 1o be dealt with directly h:‘ :‘:‘u‘; :e‘“" “""”l e Thal | 4nd exclusively by the State ltself and a z t { = Its Adent & oiAs ] not turned over for profit to contractors and mine operatives. rigorous application is demanded |y, i, gesirable that those who are | the interest of public morality. i |taken by the State in punishment for g e | crimes should be made to work, but Candidates were wise. They saved ;. hat they should work in competi- voices and let the radio an-|gion with® free labor. It is desirable | get in line for the coughihat the punishment for offenses should | include some form of toil, making im- prisonment unwelcome, but not that it | should be cruel and tyrannous. The ————— ot Plane Parachute. | satisfled with that,” answered Senator race and the marathon dance are con- sidered the average human will throw up his hands In a gesture of helgless- ness at the devious ways which are taken in these days of supposed civiliza- tion to win fame and fortune. Of course, the motives of a promoter in staging one of the events are not be- yond understanding, but the reasons for entering them are bafing. The cross-country runners, on the road for more than eighty days with blistered feet and tired muscles, collected noth- ing unless they finished well up toward the head of the list. Then they re- ceived a paltry sum in comparison with the years of life that they ran off un- {der a baking sun. The couples in the “dance derby” went without sleep and | proper nourishment for nineteen days. | They will each recefve less than fifty dollars a week for their labors. It is a sad commentary on the in- telligence of the American people when they will contribute to make these af- fairs profitable for the promoter. The performers are nothing but puppets in | the hands of the men who seek to ex- | ploit them for gain. If the nuisance law of New York City had not been ef- fective in securing the close of the dance marathon it would certainly ap- pear thai the promoters of such spec- tacles in the future could be forced to stop under the law which forbids cruelty to dumb snimals. : | When Mr. Heflin says he is amazed, | the situation appears to involve an ele-! ment of reciprocity. On his own ac- | count Mr. Heflin has been the sdurce of much amazement of one kind or another. | ———— ) H The amount of pay Increase accord- | ed Government workers is seldom large | enough to convey a very convineing| idea of efficiency in the agitation. | - ————— The prominent pipe favored by Vice President Dawes did not serve to divert campaign issue. ) Some of the Tammany boys are ap- parently willing to go so far with Al[ Smith as to proclaim him a Daniel in | the Tiger's Den. | = ———— e Having gotten rid of the despised “corner saloon,” the Nation's next prob- lem is to get rid of the motor-driven speakeasy. & v 8 It would be rank injustice to hold a | candidate responsible for the incidental jazz in one of his speaking programs. - ———— The World Court cannot fail to con- cede its need of big minds, and that of Charles E. Hughes is one of them. R Aviation calls for a risk of human life that obviously needs the regulation | v Ty In a few short weeks the cry will be less for farm relief than for poli- | tician relief. | - SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Friend Snow Bird. Waited for Priend Robip Bird when snow was on the ground. Waited for the Blue Bird and the ‘Wren. to sound His symphony of Summer, once again. Old friends an' new friends, Pickle friends an’ true friends; Each will bring a fascinating tune— When Summer days grow cruel Frosty hours will need renewal— We'll be waiting for Priend Snow Bird pretty soon. Sparrow Bird is modest quite, while fluttering here And there. Hasn't any gift for singin’ sweet, Yet, when Winter threatens and the ice is in the air, Perhaps he’ll be the only friend you meet. Oid friends an' new friends, Jolly friends an’ blue friends, Singin’ in the sun, or by the moon— When old North Wind starts to grumbie, | ‘We will hail companions humble. We'll be waitin’ for Friend Snow Bird pretty soon. In the Swim. “Why don’t you come out flat-footed for prohibition?” “Aquatic experts out my way won't be Sorghum. “They want me to come out web-footed.” Prudent Patriotism. July the Pourth now brings the test Of patriot endurance; And he who celebrates the best Takes out the most insurance. Jud Tunkins says he went as a dele- freeing of the Alabama convicts from | the unregulated, unchecked siave-driv- | |ing of the contractors is a step for-| ward by that State in the direction of | clvilized government. ; The Government has placed its of- stamp of approval on the poten. es of the airplane parachute in appointment of Maj. E. L. Hoffman, Alr Corps, o conduct tests on | umbrellas large enough to convey | 10 earth a disabled airplane. | ik st LS Convention bands seemed happy in | reverting to the old brisk and homely | two successful landings have | .00 g G pe a hardship to| made with chutes attached 10|, scians to take up the melan- | , the appointment of the Army's | ") b . | expert is the first evidence that | 017 Program of “bies. Government intends to investigate | jy all phases of this life-saving and | The Fnd of a Nuisance. pe-saving invention. To Maj. Hoff- | Health Commissioner Harris of New n goes the lion’s share of the credit | York City deserves the praise of all| the successful development of the | thinking men and women in ending lhc‘ n-carrying parachute. Por bis work | shocking spectacle at Madison Square | Garden, where eighteen exhausted cou this connection he was awarded the llier trophy last year. | ples were still staggering around the Even without the successful demon- | f0or in & mad endeavor to win & dance of u parachute’s ability to|marathon. Dr. Harris, aroused over the vy as an airplane, | condition of one of the contestants, th while, but, as | Who 1s confined to a hospital suffering | trom serious injuries as the result of ! his chase for fame and fortune, decided !that the marathon constituted a nui- has only been within the last few |sance under the city ordinances and that man-garrying parachutes | summarily ordered the promoter o call ve come igo vogue. The far-famed |t Off pillar Club, composed of aviators | Por nineteen days the survivors of this retwrn o barbarism had slept, | d an object as hea study would be wo s, progress should be rapid to the d that a compact chute can be car- d on ships for use in time of danger and partly to be sure of getting a good seat at the convention. Impossible as Pets. “Are you fond of animals?” “Very," answered Miss Cayenne. “But some animals are difficult. One of the hardships of politics is the effort to make pets of clephants and donkeys.” “He who tells the truth,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “must labor long in patient silence to discover it.” Gone Fishing. statesman whom celebrity has known ' For gentle joy 15 wishin’. He's simply askin' to be left alone Awhile, to go a-fishin’ And while the battle cry Is growin' grim, We envy the position, | Berene in simple solitude, of him Who paused an’ werlt a-fishin’. The “When I hears a politician make a lly good speeeh,” sald Uncle ben, “I ain’ allus clear in my mind whether he's an lnstructor or an en- tertainer.” | wpect E i tasks | tables THIS B-l' CHARLES E. A garden enemy often overlooked is neither insect, bug nor beetle, but simply the human being who calls him- | self the gardener. Pure laziness is at the heart of more | garden failures than all the fungus | growths whatsoever, and the sad part | of it is that there is no known X'en\cdy‘ except will power. One cannot spray laziness out of | himself as he runs the aphids off the rosebushes. Indifference is as sad a | mischief-maker in the garden as eclse- | where in life. ‘This human factor comes more and more home to one as the Summer ad- vances. Up till now there has been little inclination to shirk the necessary among the flowers and vege- | Despite the alternate rain and humid heat, every gardener has still enough of the Springtime energy left to go | feeding. spraying and so on with a fair amount of vigor. From now on, however, takes thought and puts his will power vigorously to work, he will find that nature exerts a depressing influence unless one | old back yard is concerned. He will one day find himself saying to himself: “Oh, it's too hot to put in | that fertilizer today; I'll wait until to- morrow."” | The next day being exceedingly | sunny, he will dismiss the thought of | garden work with a gesture—a reach- | ing for a book or to turning on the radio set | Or perhaps he will get in the car | and Iet the yard take pot-luck with the | weeds. He will know. of course, that | the weeds will win hands down, but | he cannot help that. | 2w R This Midsummer lethargy the great foe to a successtul garden. It is the cause of more untidy-looking place: than y other one thing. After all, the entire tribe of insect and disease pests may let a gardener off light. A neighbor's rosebushes may be covered with mildew, whereas one own are entirely free from it, and thi despite the fact that this fungus spread: Aphids, even though unsprayed, often will mysteriously disappear of | their own accord, whether death or | deportation by their friends the ants the gardener does not stop to consider. | He does not care, just so long as they are gone. Black spot often spares the roses and the rose beetle flies away. The | same is true of other inimical factors. | Diseases and bugs often leave enough | of a plant to permit the garden to laok | very well. ‘What cannot be Jeft out of a good | garden, however, is the human element. | Without constant care from now on | until Fall, a home garden becomes a | rather untidy plaee. And the very essence of the home garden is neatness. | ‘The smaller the place the truer this | becomes. A large estate, wherein the | garden may be called fitly “th2 grounds,” may go uncared for without half so much detriment, since there 1s | so much to see that one misses much, | both good and bad. The large place | is like a three-ring circus—no one can | see it all. There are so many acts in | actiorr that even the most critical ob- | server fails to notice that the lovely | equestrienne has patches on her | breeches. | %% ¥ | ‘The small place, on the other hand, | lies entirely under the eye of every ob- | & | appearance of a small garden. . TRACEWELL. server. The slightest raggedness along grass borders stands out plainly. That well-cared-for look which goes with constant cultivation of the soil is vastly missed in the small garden where Summer heat causes the gardener to fail in this most essential duty, Flat, baked earth, taking on all the smoothness of concrete, is ugly in the garden, especially after one has seen beds mulched in the proper way. It is really remarkable what a vast differ- ence this one action may make in the ‘The ideal would be beds cultivated con- stantly, especially as soon after a rain as possible. The recent unsettled weather has made this a really hard task. During the past three weeks or s0 no one was to be blamed for not cultivating as much as necessary, since it is rather disheartening to paw around in the earth for several hours only to |about the required mulching, pruning, | have all that work undone during the | night. Yet the fact remains that this neces- sary garden operation should be done as often as practical, not only for the benefit to the plots and grassy paths. This of course, must be the very st consideration. ‘The man who in- ts a lawn mower which will take care of the extreme edges will make « billion dollars in these United States. The job of clipping edges with shears is 10 easy one, especially during the hot days of July and August. “There is some inclination on the part of gardeners to believe now that stirring of the soil, or cultivation, or mulching is of most benefit in that it allows oxy- gen to get into the soil, that the old idea of conservation of soil molsture has been somewhat overdone. Possibly so. There is no doubt, however, that the one big thing cultivation does is 0 improve the looks of a ga Summer care of the garden involves taking off faded blossoms and picking up from the ground f s g other debris. There is grass tter care, | garden thought which ne: which it calls th can be little doubt that this has overlooked the distinction between | the two kinds of gardens, big and little, and therefore failed to discriminate be- tween essential neatness and mere fool- | ishness. It is true that there is a certain buxom quality in a garden in middle and late Summer, which must not be interfered | with. Luxuriousness of leaf, bounty of flower, rampant grass growth, these are part of the season. To deprive a garden of them is to work counte to the seasons. A finished look, however, s even more essential in Summer than in Spring During April and May there was an ap- pearance of incompleteness about the place, due to the*backward season, and | the fact that the annuals had not yet got started. Summer, however, sees everything at | its height, with the exception of cer- tain flowers, such as the glorious dahlia, the cosmos and the chrysanthemum. With few exceptions, the peak of the garden has been reached. It is, there- fore, necessary to give the place the maximum of attention Above all, a home garden ought to be | finished in appearance. It is not a por- tion of the wild, but an_inclosed space in civilization. To look its best it must be complete, 5o far as it goes. no matter how little or how much it has in it. Let the small garden be finished, then it is a good garden, a satisfaction to its owner and a pleasure to all those others who may behold it. Efficiency and clean methods aie | the qualities which the majority of | Work, as Hoover’s Manager, Called Leader of Character ‘The Providence recognizes “his ever could or did.” Journal (independent) il, but especially for | exert | the general appearance of the garden. |upon him, in so far as duty in the { It is second only to a proper care, of editors see as outstanding contributions | reputation as a hard worker and suc- that Dr. Hubert Work will bring to | cessful administrator,” and the Wheel- the Hoover campaign. Several, com- | ing Intelligencer (Republican) credits menting on his “rugged honesty,” | him with “a good working knowledge of gate partly through patriotic sentiment | compare him favorably to his predeces- | sor, Will Hays. As to sectional considerations, the Buffalo Evening News (Republican) declares: “It would be absurd to raise any geographical objections. So long as a national chairman make: good, not one voter in a million cares whether he comes from Colorado or Connecticut. Although the Repub- lican ticket is made up of men whose homes are in the West, it does not represent any opposition between West- ern and Eastern interests.” The Bos- ton Transcript (independent), holding that, in other circumstances, “the East expected the West to remain loyal to the head of the ticket” adds, “The West has the right to the same ex- pectation here. It will not be dis- appointed.” “Experienced in politics, suave, weil | poised, widely known and keenly in-| terested in men and affairs,” says the | Louisville Times (independent) of Dr Work, “he has the right equipment. His name will command more respect than was commanded by that of Will H. Hays. even before Mr. Hays' deals with Sinclair, and his two varieties ot testimony before the Senate investi- | gating committee added width to his | reputation.” The Waterbury Repub | lican (independent Republican) is «f the opinion that “the efficiency with which he has run the affairs first of the Post Office Department and later of the Department of the Interior guarantees that there will be no slon piness about the conduct of the cam- paign.” The St. Louls Times (Repub- lican) pays a tribute to “his zeal and capacity.” | * ok ok % “He is & man of rugged honesty and high ethical standards” avers the Columbus Ohlo State Journal (Re- publican). “He s not the kind of man one can imagine soliciting or accepting campaign funds from , questionable sources or endeavoring té conceal the He is of the crime afterward. straightforward and abave board.” The Binghamton Press (independent Re- publican) states: “One of his outstand- ing traits is his optimism, He carries optimism and radiates 1t everywhere he goes. But it Is the sort of optimism that is backed by supporting facts, not a milk-and-water post. With the op- timism Is a will to victory and an or- ganized mind that knows how to throw out the shock troops at the right time and _in the right places and then fol- low through with a big drive” “He will conduct the campaign” thinks the Philadelphia Evening Bul- jetin (independent Republican), “on the high plane which a Hoover campaign demands, and with the advantage of n Western perception of what public sentl- ment in that section demands and mny legitimately expect in the case of Western interests by a Republican candidate.” The Butte Dally Post (Republican) offers the comment: “He would not normally be ranked as a machine politiclan, not at all, But he is a party leader of tact and good ex ecutive ability, He is well acquainted with our part of the country, and, in deed, with the wide West. He should be & good campalgn captain” Noting his opposition to “mud slinging,” the Unlontown Herald (Republican) com- | | | | “Geographically, all | come of the West. | Nean) the political problems and sentiments of the various sections.” " Appraising the two men on the Re- publican ticket and their manager, the Birmingham News (Democratic) says: these three men Polltically, none of these three accurately reflects the pro- gressive party usually connoted by that section. In his sympathies and activ- ities, Mr. Hoover suggests Hell Gate rather than the Golden Gate. Mr. Curtis runs with Republican ‘old guard- sters’ once bossed at Washington by Nelson W. Aldrich, Murray Crane and Boles Penrose. Dr. Work, as Secretary of the Interior, is not the strongest reminder possible of Republican leaders noteworthy for their determination to afeguard the country’s nawral re- sources for the people’s advantage.” * x o “With his thorough training, both « physician and a successful politician,” in the judgment of the Davenport Dem- ocrat (Democratic), “Dr. Work should make an efficient campaign manager. That both Mr. Hoover and his running mate, Senator Curtis, will require all the skill and formulas that Dr. Work will be able to prescribe, is already pparent. Many feel that Dr. Work's high professional standing is bound to suffer by the loss of two cases after the November election.” Dr. Work's close assoclation with Secretary Hoover and his value to the candidate in the pre-convention cam- paign are emphasized by the Indian- polis Star (independent Republican), Springfield Republican (independent), Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Republican). Roanoke ‘Times (Independent Demo- cratic), Ere Dispatch-Herald (Repub- and Worcester Gazette (inde- pendent). The Lansing State Journal (independent) remarks: “It has begun to percolate into the minds of the public that the Hoover nomination did not merely happen. It was studiously arranged for by those who knew how." The New York Times (independent) finds evidence that Mr. Hoover “expects to_be his own manager.” Referring to both presidential candi- date and manager, and to cabinet vacancles, the Charleston Evening Post (Independent Democratic) comments! “If Mr. Hoover should be elected, it is a good guess that there would not long remain much to remind the country of the Coolidge administration in the methods of conducting the Govern- ment.” The Philadelphia Record (in- dependent Democratic) points out that Dr, Work is a native of Pennsylvania, but that “presumably he has the Wes ern point of view." . ———" I'rath About the Navy Program. From the Philadelphia Eveniog Bulietin Misapprehension or misrepresentation of the attitude of Congress toward th: pending naval construction program re- eives (imely correction from President Coolidge. The Senate in the last days of its session voted down a motion to take up the naval bill for consideration, This has been misinterpreted, even In this country, and naturally more widely overseas, as an indication of Senate opposition (0 the measure, What reslly havvened is. that the backers of the Boulder Dam bill, fighting a filibuster agalnst that measure, refused o yield | NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M THE SON OF MAN: The Story of Jesgs. Emil Ludwig. Boni & Live- right. The crosses, made of young trees toughened and soaked In their own sap, were, on the backs of their bearers, an agony of sheer welght, unspeakable. | And one of the three, so burdened. staggered and stumbled as they were moving painfully up the hilside. In compassion, a bystander took the load fyom him carrying it forward a few faces. The hilitop galned, the crosses were placed on the ground. Upon each of these one of the three men was laid. His arms were stretched along the thwarts. Through his hands heavy | spikes of iron were driven into the wood, and spikes were driven through his feet into the solid upright of the cross. This done, the crosses were set| upright and planted in _the ground like trees. And, so, the official part of the program of crucifixion came to an end. The rest was left to the endur- | ance of the victim. Through every day- long hour the sun sent a thousand | shafts of fire upon his bared head and | naked body. Wounded hands and feet grew to an agony, inconceivable, Thirst ravaged him. Fever consumed him. Over him stinging insects played in fiendish orgles of insensate attack. T ments_ossalled him. Fears pos him. Yet, we are told, that now and then some obdurate creature refused for days to yield his body to the grave and his soul to the good God. presumably walting near by to recei In such case the bones of the legs were broken ardonic touch against any dream of escape. The pretext for this, however, was to hasten, in mercy, an exit from the world of suffering. And who are the three whom we have seen here? One is a thief. One is & murderer. One is Jesus of Galilee. The record runs that Jesus died within a few hours and that | his body was given over to the wailing women who loved Him. Such, in & most inadequate substance, s the final seene in Emil Ludwig's story, “The Son of Man.” * % | * % Years and years ago there might have been seen off in Galilee almost any day toward nightfall a boy lying on the hill- side not far from his home. He liked the feel of the cool grass under him. He liked the look of the brightening stars above him and the velvet softness of the sky. Smiling. he listened to the sleepy chirp of birds, to the furtive rustle of small night things in the bushes beside him. So he gazed and dreamed and, maybe, slept a little. Like all boys, he wondered what he would do when he grew to be a man. He made pictures of the world outside of which he heard a little now and then. A serious lad, he thought some- times about God, the stern God of his | people, the Jews. All his life he had | heard from them about a Messiah to come, about their restoration to ancient greatness and power. And, oddly enough, the beautiful world at hand was dearer to him than these old visions !of the elders. And he began to talk a {little in this way. As he grew older |and thought more deeply he had more to say. And the peopie liked to listen to him. They followed him. The nearby folks gathered around him. He had a way of taking their own simple work—their fishing, their sowing, their reaping—and weaving it into bright patterns of happiness for them through the things that they themselves could do. Being kind, being honest and really helpful, slow to anger, quick to forgive, here was something for any man to get hold of, something to do not only for his own happiness but for the quite glorious business of making a better world. For a long time not much. heed was paid to this young man, going aRout by that time with many a word of wisdom, with many a deed of use- fulness. As his small fame grew to be not so small the elders began to | take notice. A reformer was a fire- ! brand inflaming the people. He was a | disturber, a menace to things as they {are—an ultimate danger, mayhap. to | the foundations of the true religion. He already, in: effect, was casting re- flections upon the essence of the ancient faith: he was already making light of | the Intricacies of ritual and ceremonial. As a Jew. he ate with sinners and out- siders, He associated with the people of all classes; he was a genial and friendly man, even playful at times. Certainly not a prophet, yet there were those who already were acclaiming him as such. You know the story. You | have read it all your life, over and over, | from childhood on to old age. * k% % From a new standpoint, Emil Ludwig recasts the story of Jesus. In a sincer- ity that carries. no slant of irreverence with it, he holds himself to a study of the actual medium through which Jesus worked, of the time and place of his existence upon earth. Therefore the background of this story is a greatly | painstaking reproduction” of the socis ¥ | political and religious complex of tl It is within the boy. the period and the locality such setting that he place youth, the man, the mar Upon Jesus | play just the external forces to which | all are subject. He is not singled out as the possible prophet for whom the Jews have so long been looking. Instead, | the study s, in large part, devoted to the changing mental states of Jesus as He moves on toward manhood. as He slowly defines to Himself the couw that He is pursuing, and very gradually comes (o feel the certainty of a clear| mission_as a léader in His immediate world. That Jesus had doubts and fears, that He had very human reactions to | certain influences, that He saw these and in as great measure as possible | overcame them, 15 by all odds the| strongest point in this great story. And where did Ludwig find material for such a novel building? No, he did not come upon some hitherto undiscov- ered original source of Information, such as a thousand writers are today finding with so little apparent effort. No, he used, instead, just the New Testament, the same one that we have all been brought up on. Added to this, of course, is the author's deep-seeing hold on the mind of man in its various manif tions, 1#, also, his sense of any historic whole in its essence and significance, is, again, a vision that is clearly poetic and, once more, is his skill in dramatic portrayal. Beside all this, there was, | obviously, the determination on his part | to delete from this body of material | all disputations as such on the subject | of creation with its l|l‘ll\'x=n-nndvhelli dogmas. This is not a book on religion. distinctly and avowedly not. So, all matters pertaining to that theme are set aside for the convenience of this investigator of the human heart, and the human behaviors out-springing from it. Here is & study, quite in the modern sclentific manner, of Jesus by way of the New Testament. It is clear to any reader, I am sure. that a very high purpose lay behind this undertak- ing. The effect of the book itself af- firms such purity of intent. It is hardly concelvable that one can read “The Son of Man" without a deep renewal of love for Jesus, without a quickened sense of understanding for the men and wom- en around us, and He had this for those around Him. One grows compassionate for all the world under this reading. One drowns in pity, for the time being, over the suffering of this good man, and then immediately responds to the ela- tion of His continued existence in the human heart. Emil Ludwig has not | its northeastern region. |is extremely irregular, forming a sort ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASNKIN. “There, is no other agency in the world , that can answer as many legitimate questions_as our free Information Bu- reau in Washington, D. C. This highly organized institution has been built up and is under the personal direction of Frederic J. Haskin. By keeping in con- stant touch with Federal bureaus and ther educational enterprises it is in a position to pass on to you authoritative Information of the highest order. Sub- mit vour queries to the staff experts whose services are put at your free dis- posal. There is no charge except 2 cents in coin or stamps for return post- age. Address The Evening Star Infor- mation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, di- rector, Washington, D. C. Q. In which cities is the sale of radio supplies most_profitable?—A. T. H. A. Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Los Angeles and San Francisco report an average dealer business of $56,000. Boston, Bal- timor and, Detroit and St. Louls deale ge $44,300: Chicago deal- ers. $32.201 adeiphia, $21,000, and New York City, $22,800. Q. Who is the original of the wom- an's head on our 25-cent piece?—T. J on the United States cce represents simply & generalized ad, symbolizing Liberty. Q. Where can a text book be acquired for learning to be a Western Union telegraph operator?—O. B. C A. The Western Union Telegraph Co. informs us that the use of the Morse system is dying out and that for the automatic system no text book has been prepared. In all large cities the West- ern Union maintains schools where prospective operators can learn the new process. pears pi he; Q Why are there not the same num- | ber of delegates to the National Con-| ventions of the Republican and Demo- ties? —M. R. . cause the ba: for apportion- ment is slightly different. In the call for the Republican National Conven- tion it says that the convention shall consist of: (a) Four delegates at large from each State, two additional dele- gates at large for each Representative two delegates at large each for Alaska, . D. A. The head of a woman which ap- | 25-cent | District of Columbia, Porto Rico, Hawail and the Philippine Islands, three additional delegates at large from each State casting its electoral vote, or the majority thereof, for the Repub- lican nominee for President in the last preceding election; (b) one district del- |egate from each congressional district, | one additional district delegate from each congressional district casting 10,000 votes or more for any Repub- | lican elector in the last preceding presi- dential election or for the Republican | nominee for Congress in the last pre- | ceding congressional election: (c) one | alternate delegate to each delegate to | the National Convention. The call for | the Democratic National Convention |says that “delegates and alternates | from each State shall be chosen to the | number of two delegates and two al- | ternates for cach United States Sena- |tor and two delegates and two alter- | nates for each Representative in Con- i gress from the respective States. and the District of Columbia, the Philip- pines, Hawali, Porto Rico, Alaska and the Canal Zone shall be entitled to six delegates and six alternates each, and the Virgin Islands two delegates and | two alternates.” Q. When was the New York Cham- r of Commerce organized’—C. O. C. A. The Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York was formed in | 1768. The charter granted by King George 1I[ of England was io “the | Chamber of Commerce in the City of New York in America.” When the | United States was established, the as- | sociation was remcorporated and the | name changed to the Chamber of Com- merce of the State of New York. The | chamber, however, is not a_State-wide | institution, but is local in character. be: | Q Has Russia many newspapers?— . M. P. A. Soviet Russia is said to have 556 newspapers, with @ total circulation of 7,684,000. Moscow has 48 papers, with | & circulation over 4,000,000, Q. Is the water in a bucket perfectly | level on top?—E. ‘B. A. The surface of the water in a | common bucket is not perfectly level, | but sightly concave. Due to ecapil- {at large in Congress from each State, |larity and surface tension. the water | rises a little at the sides of the bucket. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL Uneasy lies the head that wears an inherited crown of a deceased dictator, even in wild Manchuria. The spirit of self-rule prevails in the Far East as truly as it does in other parts of the world. The dictatorship over Manchuria of Chang Tso-lin covered many years but when the conquering army of Southern China, the Nationalists, af-| rived at Peking and threatened invasion | of Manchuria, less than a month ago, | Chang Tso-lin, seeing defeat ahead of | him, undertook to flee, by special train, | and the train was bombed. with fatal results to tie dictator and several of his chiel Immediately the falling scepter was seized by his son, Chang Heuch-liang, but now it transpires that his authority | is defied by revolting subjects in the ! greater part of his domain, and, instead of recognizing any dictator, the people demand that a commission be set up to represent Manchuria in a federation with the Nationalists to govern all China under the Kuomintang. Each governor of the three Manchurian prov- inces would appoint a representative, and the government at Nanking. the Nationalists’, would appoint a fourth representative; these four would repre- sent Manchuria in the Nationalist Kuo- mintang, the southern, or central, go ernment of all China. *x ¥ % Manchuria, once the ruler of China, | and the autocrat which compelled Mon- golians and all Chinese other than Manchus to wear “pigtails,” as tokens of submission to Manchurian domina- tion, has ceased to be paramount in power; she was overthrown in 1911 by the new Republic of China. Still, Man- churia has remained a part of China, though autonomous in local affairs, un- der the Dictator Chang Tso-lin. The Province of Manchuria covers 90,000 square miles, almost entirely mountainous, with one great plain n The boundary of jaw opening westward, with Mon- golia and Chihli resting within its open | jaws. More than half the total area is the stituting the upper jaw, but it is so mountainous that it contains a popula- tion of only 2,000,000. South of it lies Kirin. with a population of 6.500.000, and in the' extreme south lies Sheng- king (sometimes called Feng T'ien) with a population of 4,000.000. The late dictator and his son and heir, Chang Heuch-lang, belong to this southern province of Shengking. and it is pro- posed by the other two provinces that if his owh province is satisfied to ac- cept him as their governor there will be no objection thereto, but that the two other provinces will not accept his dic- tatorship. The Manchurian capital, Mukden, is located in Shengking Prov- ince, the most southern. and it 1s » | planed to retain it as the capital of | Manchuria. under the new federation of all China. e ‘Through what influence the new re- bellion_throughout Manchuria against the son of the late dictator has come | about canuot be known. By some it is attributed to Japan, but the preponder- ant evidence points to the machina- tions of the Kuomintang itself, for if it proves succebsful it will mean a re- union of all China under one repub- lican government. That may mean pacification of the war-torn country and an early recognition of the govern- ment by foreign nations. Then prob- ably there will be a remaking of the forelgn treaties. with the recovering of home rule and complete sovereiguty, as contrasted with humiliating extrater- ritorfality with foreign courts to try foreign offenders. That last reform Is one of the primary aims of the pa- triotic Nationalists China has been in a state of unrest and civil war almost continually since the rise of the republic in 1911. That peace is now within sight would be too Province of Heilungkiang. con- | . COLLINS. | eventual election of Sun Yat Sen, Presi- dent of the Chinese republic. In desperation, facing the rising revo- Jution, the Manchu throne attempted to establish before its overthrow a con- stitutional monarchy, under which the Manchus would still retain a nominal rulership, but the overthrow begun in December, 1911, became effective Feb- ruary 12, 1912, with the Manchu premier as President of the succeeding republic. His right was challenged by the Kuomintang, which had elected Sun Yat Sen as President. So from the first there were two rival govern- ments of the republic, and there has never been a day since then when tran- quillity pervaded China. N R A compromise settlement was effected for a while. under which the Kuomintang accepted Yuan Shih-kai, the Manchu premier, as President, and he accepted the provisional constitution formulated by the Kuomintang. but it was soon discovered that he was plotting to estab- lish_himsel{ as “permanent President,” or Emperor, while the Kuomintang was determined to establish a real republic founded on the model of the United States. Like Cromwell, Napoleon and Musso- lini, Dictator Yuan Shih-kai had no patience with the “puerile chattering™ of legislators. So in 1916 he executed the Kuomintang leaders summarily and unseated from the Legislature all Kuo- mintang members. . ‘Thereupon five southern provinces re- volted and set up an independent re- public. A few months later Yuan died & natural death—most opportunely from a political standpoint. The Vice President, Li Yuan-hung. succeeded Jo the presidency, but he soon found it | necessary to straddle in Parliament be- tween the Kuomintang party and the Chinputang party—"“Step Ahead party.” ‘This latter stood for a strong central government, in contrast with the ideal {of the Kuomintang. which favored “state rights” for the provinces. * % ox % The Kuomintang was opposed to China’s participation in the World War | because it feared to strengthen the mili- tarists within its own government. Eventually the militarists locked the | members of Parliament out of the Capi- | tol. The South then refused to recog- nize the Peking government, and on January 1, 1918, seven southern prov- inces established a directorate and formed the “Southern constitutionalist | government.” The Kuomintang party | was behind that Southern govern- | ment, and since then fts armies have {been so victorious that they have full control over the South and as far north as Peking. with strong indications | of anapproaching tnvasion of Manchuria, :i\l"l‘n in defiance of Japanese interven- n. | *oxox x> With this bare outline of the develop- ment of the present situation, it 1s ob- vious that if Manchuria does now unite with the Nationalists to form a peace- ful, united republic, there must have been some under-cover influences | which have brought it about. The Man- ! chus do not unite voluntarily with the | millions whom for two centuries they | ruled as conquered aliens. What powers of diplomacy have acted and how power- ful will they be in compelling submis- | sion by the various independent gen- | erals commanding armies over which | the Nationalists have no control?> All | tolerance of the Russia-inspired com- munists. which for & while dominated the Nationalists. has been overcome. and {only a spirit of patriotism and defiance {of “foreign devils” now controls the pol- 'Mn of the Kuomintang. |~ With a total population constituting | quarter of the people of the world. all i civilization hopes that peace will come jat last to & China where it has not { dwelt since 1911, | tConvrizht 1928 by Paui ¥ Colling.} strong and sanguine a statement yet.| Other military victories have come, from time to time in the last 17 years, but none has been strong enough to unite the military despots ruling by force of arms, the semi-independent provinces. There remain strong mili- arists, like Feng Yu-hsiang, G called “Christian general” to be reck- oned with, Feng joined the Nationalist drive into the North after it had united the South, but his loyalty is not beyond question, in a test of reorganization of the entire government ook oW \ The Kuomintang had its beginning | in many secret patriotic societies, some 30 years ago, formed with the purpose | of overthrowing the Manchu conquer- | whose dynasty had ruled China. an empire, since the middle of the | eventeenth century. The leader of the organized Kuomintang was Sun Yat Sen, wWho also had previously organized in Hongkong the Hsing Chung Hui (Raising China Soclety), and out of UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today. | | American guns hurl back flerce German counterattacks at Vaux. The ground and air falrly throbbed with |the concussion of shells. The Amer- lican artillerymen. stripped to the | waist, stood In the gun pits and on ®un emplacements. feeding shells as fast as they could handle them into the uns. The German storm troops were allowed to approach close to our lnes, then the American machine gunners let loose a perfect hail of bullets, mow- ing down the enemy ranks and piling (he dead all over the ground where the Germans were trying to advance. * * * Americans win in the atr, too. downing o have saved their lives by jumping | p disabled planes, has rapidly in- | walked and shuffied around the floor 10| od its membership, and 15 & unigue | the strains of machine and band music gmonial to the value of the chute | No semblance o that which is com- | "o e thing o be sald about Nfe-saving purposes, monly accepted as daneing could be | college boat races—they don't have “The principal difference in seen in the contortions of these money- | to be postponed on account of wet ne and man-carrying chutes, aft- | mad people. With only a five-thousand- grounds. the technieal problems of 1ift and | dollsr prize total the futility of the en- | seven enemy planes in 30 combats. Two American flyers missing. * ¢ * Secve- | tary Baker lifts the curtain on many features of the War Department's prog< ress, disclosing that there are now 1 160,400 officers and 2.010,000 men in [ the Army. A total of 1.300,000 rifles ! had been &I,vd\m up to June 1| and nearly 40, mnghl:w uns turned over mends his attitude us based on “the right idea” only written a book that only a genius could write, but he has done far better than that, He has uncovered Jesus, taken off from him the wm‘wlnus of re- liglous repetition, of tradition, of the false conceptions that have permitted ars to be WAl In His name, and rrurunnm to be carried on under His anner, and hatreds to grow between 1ts place on the calends legislation The President understands there is an overwhelming majority in the cham- ber favorable to its passage. He makes 1t plain that is still resolutely for its passage, which is looked for at the | Winter sesslon. The administration has consistently held that the entire con- to any other that had growny the T'ung Meng Hul (Get Together Society) and finally the Kuomintang (Nationalist party). Al that was the work of 23 or 30 vears ago, but it led up to the overthrow of the Manchu throne in 1911 and the Prom the Providence Jo P | “Certainly no man better knows the West_and its varied interests,” afirms the Spokane Spokesman-Review (Re- publican), with the conclusion. “The Becretary of the Interfor has come o he planc- o Wonld Be a Novelty, city sre worked out, is that & hu- | tire affair was patent, Now that the ! is able in most cases %o get him- | revolting spectacie has been ended the | Prom the Detroit News | Another present-day news curiosity | would be an abandoned golf course, regarded s an_able, well advised and effective political director, and with that estimate goes a reputation for clean and upright methods.” ‘The Flint Daily struction authorized is only part of a moderate increase of defensive strength to the Navy, which, even with these sect and sect, denomination and denom- ination. The Jesus here portrayed in such a feellng mastery of workmanship is the Jesus that has lived for 2,000 besetments of Its own weaknesses futilities. A great book—and, just what is better calculated to give one the feeling of inspiration and courage than to the Army. * Ttalians con- tinue their advance on the lower Plave in spite of desperate enemy resist: ance. capturing 1,900 Austrians, together with f free from the harness before he is eighteen surviving couples will divide —— Journal (independent), classing him as [ additions, will be below the Washington treat; years in the hearts of those who are|a great book! Almost any fine book many trench guns, machine guns and ed on the ground, while with an | the prize, which will net them some- | fmate object like s plane the ques- thing like one hundred and thirty-nine of drag is s serious one. Tests al- | dollara apiece for nearly three weeks of conducted have demonstrated 1 killing work belore the plane can be releasedy When the marathon cross-country Bank Troubl Prom the St Faul Dispateh “one of the most popular of the cab- inet officers,” helleves that will be able, no dgebt, Lo weld discordant ele- Banks were going broke elght years wgo, Now they are belng cracked,, ments withln the party together, to a much greater extent than Mr, Butler strength. There ought to be no further misapprehension in (his country or overseas either as to the propriety of this program.ordts strong approval both by Congress and the Nation, certain that only by the love which will have this effect. Bul a great book | other war material. * * ¢ French animated Him, that only by the spirit that supported Him, can humanity have any hope of succoring itself from the on the theme chosen by Bmil Ludwig | forces make gains north of the Alsne. stands at a surpassing helght of use- ! storming German positions on a twe- fulnoss, mile front and taking 437 prisonee ‘