Evening Star Newspaper, March 20, 1928, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY.......March 20, 1928 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Ofhce: 11th St. and Pennsyivanis Ave, New York Office: 110 East 42nd St Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 14 Regent St., London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening Star .. iS¢ per month The Evening and Sun ‘when 4 Sundays). 60c ner meoth The Eveuiag_and Sunday Star (when § Sundays). 65¢ per month The Sunday Star.. ¢ per cony Collection made ‘at the end of each month, Orders max be seot in by mail or telephone. Main 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday 1mo., %5 Daily onlv 1 mo., A0c Sundas only i1 mo., e ¥r. 1y 83 All Other States and Canada. Maily and Suoda; 00: 1 mo., $1.00 | Daily only . Sunday only 85¢ Member of the Associated Press. | The Associated Press is exclusively entitled | o the use for repabhcation of all news dis- patches craditad 10 1t or not otherwise cred- Jied in this paper and also the local mews tshed herein. Al richts of publication | pecial & es herein are also reserved. | —_——— | A Good Start. Yesterday's hearing before the House committee on the civil service was an impressive demonstration of the need | usually odious, will be suggested as to | by importations from this country. have already come in under the quota are to be considered as resident actors. In this contest the American thes- plans will have the decided advantage, inasmuch as this country is a far more inviting fleld for British actors than the British fleld is for Americans. Many more English performers have found employment on the American stage than Americans who have been engaged on the British boards. The Equity ban will not prevent the ap- | pearance of all-British companies from touring the States. They may come here for indefinite periods, but must remain, as the regulations state, in unit form. Nothing is sald about the replacement of members of these com- | panies by American actors while on | tour in this country. Undoubtedly comparisons, which are the relative merits of British and Amer- ican duagatic abilitles. Equity main- tains that the average American actor is fully the equal of the British per- former. It is interesting to note in this connection that several of those taking part in yesterday's proceedings in New York. outstanding members of Equity, are of English birth and dra- matic training. notably George Arliss. Unquestionably American stage art has been greatly enriched by British infil- tration, doubtless to a greater extent than the British stage has been aided There is nothing in the Equity code to prevent a continuation of this proc- ess, but British aspirants for inclusion of the passage of the proposed legisla- tion for a horizontal increase in the pay of the Government's employes. From ts of view the Welch bill was approved, in terms which should have made a deep impression on the members of the committee. An eminent specialist in the field of industrial rela- tions, Prof. Paul H. Douglas of the Uni- ! versity of Chicago, presented a state- | ment which showed clearly how the | Government has, in effect, stood still in | the matter of compensations, while all other employers in this country have gone ahead. Members of Congress ap- peared in behalf of the measure and testified to their knowledge of condi- tions and expressed their hope that the bill may become law. Prof. Douglas’ statement gave a clear view of the relative status of the Gov- ernment workers and those in private employment. During the past thirty wears, he said, and particularly since 1914, the workers in nearly all lines of American industry have appreciably im- proved their position. The Government employes, however, have actually, save for the reclassification under the act of “This is perfectly well known. It re- quires no actuarial research to demon- strate that the clerical and custodial ‘workers for the Government are in less affiuent, if enacted into law. It will| ot even place him on a par with the corresponding class of private employes industries and in business. But narrow the gap that now pre- | league is to be “Past games and snappy in the American stage family must in effect naturalize themselves by acquir- ing “residence™ here under well defined . In view of the allurements of the American dramatic fleld, it is quite probable that the British actors who sumably, the four hundred dollars will be difficult for them to secure, and if it was not at the specific order of the court, it is doubtful whether the money would ever be pald. Two children are made fatherless by the careless driving of a youth of sixteen. Is there any warrant for Johns and Dicks and Harrys all over the country going scot- free under these circumstances? There is not, But unless they come before a judge such as Miss Thompson, or are operating their automobiles under a financial responsibility law, they will get off easily to continue their mad careers regardless of the suffering and deprivation they impose on helpless persons. —— i Erie C. Hopwood. In the sudden death of Erie C. Hop- wood, editor of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. the profession of journalism loses one of its outstanding figures. Mr. Hopwood started his career in the educational fleld and joined the news staff of the Plain Dealer in 1902. For eighteen years he served in various editorial capacities, including the posts of assistant city editor, city editor, night editor and managing editor. In 1920, at the age of forty-three, he be- came the editor of Cleveland's great newspaper and was actively engaged in his duties until his death Sunday night. His loss, in the prime of his life, is a heavy one to the profession he loved and adorned. No one in the ranks of the modern newspaper fought more con- sistently, courageously or effectively for the establishment of and adherence to 2 lofty code of journalistic ethics. In his control of the Plain Dealer and in his capacity first as secretary and then as president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors he fought with an have precipitated this contest by their boyeott will be soon disposed to ask for an armistice and a treaty of peace ———————— { Snappy Ball Games. | E S. Barnard, new president of the American League, is determined that | if faster ball games can be played the1 eight clubs in that circuit are going to play them. Mr. Barnard is now mak- ing a tour of the clubs in training to impress upon managers, players and umpires that the new slogan of the ones!” Pitchers, under the new rule, | are to be penalized for stalling, batters | must not step out of the box excep | for a legitimate reason, base balls are | not to be thrown promiscuously around | ‘the diamond between innings or after | a play, and the next batter must take his place in a speecially designed box and not wander aimlessly around be- hind the plate. Two-hour ball games is the aim of the new league head, and by his vigorous tactics it looks as if he will succeed in reaching his goal. There is no question but that the average base ball fan desires a snappy game, and, inasmuch as the nerves of the average wife are sorely frayed when hubby returns late for dinner from a long-drawn-out contest, it appears that there will be little disagreement with Mr. Bamard's plan. Of course, some of the ardent “booers” who have been in the habit of exercising their vocal chords when Ty Cobb leisurely strolls in from the outfield to confer with a har- ried pitcher, or when Babe Ruth steps out of the batter’s box to disconcert the hurler, may be a little disappointed. Considering the fact, however, that for every “booer” perhaps three or four ear- drums are strained, its advantages should outweigh its disadvantages. | i | | enthusiasm which was at once idealistic and practical for the standards upon | which his career was founded. The in- | spiration of his leadership will con- tinue both in Cleveland and in the field of national journalism. ———— Arrangements are already being made for a far-reaching hook-up to carry re- ports of national conventions. In the meantime the public eagerly seizes upon every rumor and suggestion and refuses to “please stand by.” ———— ‘The man who “had more money than he knew what to do with” has often been mentioned in fiction. Harry Sin- clair appears to present him in fact. ———r—te—— Aviators start with brilliant farewells and in a few days are forgotten. It may be asked whether the public grows cold-hearted or only dazed. - Peace negotiations have had con- spicuous value in assisting an analysis of impulses that might possibly lead to another war. — ———— The next holiday on the list is “April Fool.” It never quite succeeds in equal- ing the joke played on Ground Hog day. ‘The March blizzard is erratic as to date. But it always has its day. ——eatee. SHOOTING STARS. BY PRILANDER JOHNSON. From Comedy to Tragedy. He flipped a lighter for his cigarette, ‘With lightsome jerk. We see him in confusion and regret, It wouldn't work. He planned a hop-off in an aeroplane, Where dangers lurk. It is probable that only under one In tragic measures comes that same condition does Mr. Fan approve of dila- tory tactics on the ball field, and even then he does not approve voluntarily. It is when an exceptionally tight game is being played with a rally in pros- pect and the pitcher in a hole that!Tnis i the refrain: It wouldn't work. | As plans both great and small are going | valls between the pay scales and will |slowness of play adds the dramatic | Temove from the Pederal force the anx- ety that now marks the entire body of the Government's working force. Economy is the order of the day in t affairs. Efforts are being 1o prune excessive costs, to trim , to eliminate useless positions, pare the edges of expenditures. Heavy | savings have been effected by these | measures, and the country rejoices over | the application of business principles to | Stff as a ramrod in his seat, specu- lating on the potentialities of the situa- tion. Then, and then only, does he for- get time, money, wife, business prospects or the sweltering heat of the Summer day. His eyes are glued on the diamond and his mind is occupled in conjuring up visions of & base hit or a strike- out, according to the way his sympa- thies le. Under the new regime, however, there the Pederal administration. But there | {touch which makes the spectator sit | | is no demand for continued parsimony s no reason to suspect that the game | in the matier of paying the force. If will lose any of its color. At cruclal | the Weich bill costs the Government periods the play will naturally be more | thirty or forty million dollars more a | deliberate, but there will be no kick | year in clerk hire, the betterment in the | with this If the waste motion can be | COMe to any part of the world if every service through the improvement in the | eliminated from the rest of the game, |P0Y Was as smart as his mother thinks morale of the force will have been |The American League base bali world, De is. cheaply purchased. Moreover, this | therefore, is anxiously awaiting the bell | Jegisistion will eradicate s stain upon | for the first game 1o see its favorites in | the vecord of the United States Govern- ment, which is today known as the poor- est paymaster of all in America. et Plood due 0 ineflectual dam con- struction may yet be studied as a crime wave R Anglo-American Stage War, War has been declared between Eng- land and America and the first guns bave been fired. It will be & bloodless eontest. It may last for years or it may be quickly settled. It is being waged between the Actors’ Equity As- mu’mllmnwnndwmb\ tsh stage producers. Recently sn Amer- fean actress went o Engiand. She had no eontract for stage appearance, being, 82 the theatrical phrase runs, “st lib- erty” BShe wes engaged for a part in & london production, but was later Byopped from the cast becsuse of pres- sure brought W besr upon the pro- Gucer of the pisy by British thesplans who regerded this invasion of thelr territory with spprehension. Yepler- Gay the Actors’ Kquity Association met 0 Kew York snd sdopted resviutions 3 retalistion ‘The new code may be Whue sutsisuarind Faguity will not intertere ewlry Ul ColmpWle COmAW wlor i it cotme lwre e beuve B rivel kauily mu the production and the cust yepertory ompsny the Phays they intend U present. upon sr- Yival the membrrs of Uhese compsnies must join Kauity, eny ndividus! slien mey erter for & particulsr pert n » Afied piey and mey remain for the Quration of e run. st the expiration b be mus' return 1o his netive or vemsin ipective for six wi L e alien o play of wi eountry months, wlien wetors who shall haye Played 100 weeks W this country be- iween Junuary ), 1973, wnd Junusry | Ivze we W e considered ws resident solors, Uow pries w Januaiy 3 o i Companies ot eounted I future under i but thowe ’ unil enter not whether slien imanigs 6 ton elien welors auols or ’ ) W be 80 puisury sulumobile Uese reguiations sre 1 PRI | yug pis fatier are said 1o have pouled aclors uow bere who action in well condutted and speedy contests. e wrong, Come griefs we cannot shirk. song: “It didn't work.” The Inquiring Mind. “We have some important political problems to work out.” “We have,” answered Senator Sor- ghum. “But what are you going to do about economic problems when so many voters prefer cross-word puzzles?” Wealth. This world is growing funny. 1 tremble more and more. Some one might slip big money Beneath my chamber door! Jud Tunkins says no harm could ever Home Relief. “Woman's suffrage,” sald Mr. Meek- ton, “has brought happiness to our home." “So you and your wife always agree Much of Herbert Hoover's future de- |, politics.” pends on whether he can find as wise and consclentious an organizer as him- ! self to conduet his campaign for him. PO, A “There is a Jimit o what wealth and engineering can do. A dam requiring years 1o construct may be wrecked by a ten-minute cloudburst - = ‘The copybook motto, “Wealth does not bring happiness,” may still be writ- | ten in ink, but not in ol .- A Novel Sentence. A novel sentence has just been im- posed on John Yokubones, sixteen years old, of Muskegon, Mich., by Judge Ruth Thompson for running down and Kkilling Ployd Torrey with his automo- bile last month, Instead of being sent {to jall or fined heavily for his ad- mitledly careless driving, John, by the order of the eourt, will assume the role of “big brother” o the two sons of his victim. He has been placed on proba- tion for two years and will not be al- lowed W drive sn automobile during | Ll period Furihier, be is W pay four lundred dollars and the insurance due for Use support of e children I Qisposing of he cuse o this | cerned, our votes represent a stand- | | undque manner, Uie Judge mswerted that she found nothing of the criminal in John, but that she helleved that hould be made 1o pay for hie careless- nese. Acoordingly, she acted on the he theory thet John's incarceration would probably do no one any good and might |60 herm in distorting his outleok on | hite | by the pew role hie would play, Free 1o wid the children of his vietim, John would develop character This s sloply enother cese which Msusaiie 1923 | Gemonstiates the desirability of com- John “No. I make it a point to disagree. 8o far as our happy little home is con- off and it isn't necessary for either of us to go to the polls.” “A false friend,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “does not stop until he betrays even himself.” Bill, the Bard. Old Bhakespeare stuff with constant Joy we quote, ‘Though repetition savors of banality. I'd rather stick to what that old boy wrote Than take my chance on mere origi- nality, “Mebbe machinery is takin' de place of man power,” sald Uncle Eben, “but it took four men, not countin’ & hoss, o git my fiivver out o' de ditch.” — e Moral Turpitude Stron ¥rom the Cleveland News British suthorities are reported as barring an American actress from ap- pearing in & new play, but there seems W be 1o question of moral Wrpitude | Just Hate 10 Quit, Fiom the bewioil Sews Anoher sUrring sight, st this time, |15 the gallant erew of the Coolidge band- | wagon remaining abosrd after Calvin | s removed the magneto, | il ‘V/Vill Know | elfl Now. From the Kichmond Times Disuatch, Whether he wins or loses, & presi- dential campalgn is essential to Hoo- ver's education. He has Hved too long without having heard a syllable of dis approbation e Southern Chival ry. ; rom Ve Elizatethiown News A Bowling Green persousl Jem men- | tone a former Ellzabethtown lady us Dl savinge 0 buy the sutomobtle | g g her mother ua her “house guesh.” which e former was Qilviug Pre- Up Bse we uever Lake ‘em Lo the barn, burden of the sorrowing THE ‘EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., Don't be afraid to buy useless things. ‘Too many people are working under what might be called a spending in- ferfority complex. And, besides, you never can please your friends, anyway! held by many otherwise intelligent per- sons that every article purchased in the daily life should be for utility, either something to eat or to wear or to otherwise use. In this list they normally include amusements of various sorts, so that they do not regard themselves as ex- travagant when they go to a show, or to a movie, or buy gas for their car. If one of their assoclates, however, dares to spend some of his own hard- earned money for a pair of fancy book ends, they look upon him as an extrava- gant devil who really ought to have A guardian. The curious part of it is that they are so pathetically eager to tell some one else how he ought to spend his own money! Or her own money, for no doubt women meet this sort of men- tal opposition even more than men, since many men seem to harbor the idea that no woman has any right to earn money of her own. A gentleman with artistic leanings was much struck recently by a pair of book ends which he saw in a shop. ‘They®were made in the image of the Egyptian cat Mish, curious, conven- tionalized figures, with their forelegs stiff and straight before them, their long ears pricked up, their faces round- ed until the eyes were almost lost. ‘The finish was in a soft, very dark green, beautifully done, a veritable patina, so exquisitely did the surface harmonize with the ‘spirit of the sub- ject. ends the moment he saw them. Being a cat fancier as well as a book lover, he rightly felt that no more appropri- ate figures could grace a certain row of books on a table in his home. He resisted their appeal, at the time, but all that morning the twin cats kept floating in the back of his head, in {thnl tantalizing way a desired object | has. | In the afternoon he made a | trip to the store and purchas | two cats. He went away happy. even boasted of his purchase friend. “What!" glared the other, outraged. “Do you mean to tell me you spent seven dollars and a half for those things?" “Certainly I did.” returned the other. “Did you think they were going to give them to me?” “I can't see seven dollars and a half for those things,” commiserated the friend. as if the money had been forc- ibly extracted from his own pocket. * ok % % ‘The spending inferiority complex is a little cousin to the straight “inferi- ority complex” about which most per- sons have heard in recent years. The psychologists tell us that prac- tically every person in the world is born with some touch of this “com- plex,” or set of inhibitions which makes for restraint We are forever abashed, not only be- cause of the teachings of the down- fall of man but also because of human traits, because of lack of position, or money, or power, or something or other. So the world is full of “yes-yes” men, “timid souls,” gentlemen who laugh louder at the boss' jokes than at those of their assoclates, those who use an entirely different tone of voice in speak- as “above” them, those who will put up BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ‘There seems to be a sort of bellef | D The gentleman wanted those book | TUESDAY, M fwith a great deal more from a friend with a great deal more money than they, than they will from a friend whom they regard as more of an equal. Through centuries of _struggle to “make both ends meet,” thousands of ersons have come to possess, in addi- tion to this general inferiority com- plex, a fecling of inferiority when it comes to_spending money. Especially is this true in America, where many men and women of lowly ancestry have managed to better their conditions but have not been able to get away from the mental viewpoints | which they received by constant asso- |clation with their parents. | Although they now may be well able |to afford a luxury, too often they are | held back from purchasing :ome beau- | titul, although perhaps foolish, thing, simply because they can see no utili- tarian use for it. Thus they deny themselves much of the rare joy which comes with the ac- {quisition "of some article which would feed their soul, or their heart, or their mind. The sad part of it, in many | cases, is that these are people who {have a real longing for just such | things. The desire of their heart may be for paintings, or for fine music, or for rare | books, or for rare tobaccos, or for fine soaps—it makes no difference what the object may be, the longing is one and the same. g There 1s a_very feminine expression which exactly fits the case. “Nice | things"” constitute the cream on the top of the milk of everyday living. Every person, whether man or wom- {an, has some real need for nice things iln the daily life. Nor need he or she deny themselves” if a little common |sense s used along with such pur- | chases. It is perhaps true that even the poor- est persons might well afford some | little luxuries if they once got the idea | into their heads that they might. And | certainly those who are in what is |termed = “comfortable circumstancés” might loosen up far more than many | of them do. i There is scarcely a home where a visitor will not see some old piece of | furniture that should have gone to the | junk heap a long time ago, but which is retained because the householders feel that as long as it is usable it should | be used. While there is acute logic in their belief, from one standpoint it is | no logic at all from the viewpoint which | we have tried to elucidate here. |, Every person's taste is different from | that of every other, and he owes it to | himself (as” much as she owes it to | herself) to make sensible purchases {now and then ot some article which |one’s neighbor might regard as gross | foolishness, but which to the purchaser i!ffl'ns the quintessence of beauty, or | m!sr(‘sl can never satisfy one's friends, an even in the big purchases, <o why bother about what they think as |to the trifles? Any one who has asked the advice of his friends as to the pur- chase of a home, or an automobile, will recognize the futility of such a course. “Be sure you're right, then ahead,” is as fine a motto in this mat- |ter as in most others. If a fine etch- |ing in a window intrigues your fancy |50 that you cannot forget it, by all | means buy it, even if you have to go | without dinner to do so. Read Sir James Barrie's description |of how he purchased the twin mee! schaum pipes in “My Lady Nicotine |and be forever free from the spending inferiority complex. “The fault, dear selves, that we are underlings.” Published comment on the case of John J. Esch of Wisconsin, whose re- state Commerce Commission has been rejected by the Senate, discloses the effect of conflicting sectional interests, sharp differences of opinion as to the power of the commission to make the equalizing of economic conditions a fac- tor in freight-rate decisions and equally pronounced differences over the right of Congress, on the one hand, or the President, on the other, to interfere with Mihe quasi-judictal functioning of such a body as the Interstate Commerce Commission. ‘The St. Paul Pioneer Press (inde- pendent) calls Mr. Esch “the goat” in a situation In which it sees “Southern rallroad and coal companies, with Northwestern coal consumers as their allles, lined up against Pennsylvania @nd Ohio rallroads and coal companies, with both sides denouncing the Com- merce Commission for its conflicting decisions.” “Esch 1s being punished,” declares the Louisville Courier-Journal (inde- pendent), “for his change of attitude in the Lake cargo case. He may honest, though his course in this case does not prove it, but there are many fully as honest whose service on the Interstate Commerce Commission would not be provocative of suspicion and who would exert a more wholesome Influ- ence. Meanwhile, the matter of the ondary importance, because the coal operators of the Southern States have decided to take their case into the Fed- eral courts, where they will resist the unfair decision of the commission, with good chances for success.” “The difference of opinion is deep- seated. Lately Mr. Esch and Mr. Atch- 1son shifted their position, and now they favor what the Pittsburgh oper- ators have long demanded and what the Bouthern operators say means gross in- | justice to the coal fleld,” says the Raleigh News and Observer (Demo- | eratic), while the 8t. Louls Post-Dis- (ndependent) asks, “In the l-rate ruling are we arrogantly dispens- its ds * In the opinion of the Huntington Ad- vertiser (Democratic), commenting on the committee vote, which was upheld by the Benate, the action “is a sweep- ing victory, moral and otherwise, for those who have espoused the cause of the Southern bituminous coal fields in their long fight for industrial freedom and justice. Mr. Esch personifies that vicious theory, adhered to by a majority of his colleagues, that the commission ing special privilege, ners roughly tossed asi * ox A but an equalizer of economic conditions as between Industrial sections.” But the Pittshurgh Post-Ciaze publican) insists that it must “be bos in mind that it is not the holding up of & new appointment, but attempt to punish & member of the commission for giving a decision In accordance with his convictions- -4 decislon that presses those who go Into the o mpartially s right. Proposing Lo ie- Ject such an appolntment wid on such grounds,” declures the PIttsburgh paper “is wkin Lo Intimidation of W court” The Erie Dispatch-Herald (Republican) palnteins Ll “in passiog judgment on Mr. Esch the Benutors have no right to ko behind the record, which shows thal he later rulings were based on new evi- dence, reinforced by recent anthorizi tion from Congress to consider seetional economic conditions In fixing frelght rates” As summarized by the Harrishurg Telegraph (Republican), the situation 8 to he: "Bipartisan politics, pro- f the mine strike n the ompetitive Pennsylvania field, low wages pald workingmen in their own non-unlon mines, Anwlly the opposition lo w presidential appointment these wre the weapons used (0 seek a coal freight aifferential that would enable [the West Virginie snd Kentucky mines 1o ship three limes the distance to Lake ports with thelr cars returning empty Tor less than the Penncylvania mines appointment as a member of the Inter- | confirmation of Esch becomes of sec-| mpany man- | is not only a freight-rate-ixing body, | tte (Re- | im- Fight Over Esch Nomination Is Viewed From Many Angles | could ship wit | loaded with ore. ‘What effect such a persistent sena- | torfal attitude such as the committee has taken toward Mr. Esch.” suggests the New York Times (independent). | “would have on the willingness of men of high position and ability to accept {the office is an unpleasant considera- (tion.” The Times feels that “it is not | difficult to imagine a weak commission the cars returning losing its independent judgment under | | such coercion, and a strong commission | progressively weakened through the elimination’ of its consclentious mem- ! bers as their terms expire.” The In- dianapolis Star (independent Republi- {can) contends that “it would be just as reasonable to expect the Supreme | Court to cater to political opinion in- | stead of acting on facts and justice.” | The Brooklyn Daily Eagle (independ- | ent) suggests “an investigation of the | question where the commission gets the authority for any discrimination be- | tween competing economic sections of | the country,” that the question is “of more importance than the future of | any aspirant for public office.” | The position taken by the Cleveland | Plain Dealer (independent Democratic) |is that “for several years a group in | Congress has been attempting to under- | mine the rate-making power of that | body,” and concludes: “By every one conversant with the history of rail reg- | ulation and the long fight which pre- ceded the legisiation extending to the commission the power to regulate rates this activity in Congress is regarded as unfortunate. Experience before 1910 | demonstrated that regulation of - rates | was essential to the best interest not | only of the shipper, but of the carrier as well, and the highly technical char- acter of rate problems has long since clally trained group impractical ™ “The people can't be sure that the game would far rather have it played by the legislative than by the executive branch of the Government,” asserts the Hous- ton Chronicle (Democratic), which re- calls that “Mr. Coolidge announced in so many words that the varlous com- missions * ¢ ¢ were In reality agencles of the executive branch of the Government and in duty bound to n-r) resent administration opinion and poll cle: Needless to say,” continues the Chronicle, “the Senate is not going to concur in any such view. If the Presi- dent appoints men to commissions for the purpose of doing Ris will, then it may be taken for granted that the Sen- ate will assume the same prerogative in 50 far as it has the power.” UNITED STATE IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Todey Gen. Pershing approves the award of three Distingutshed Service Crosses for extraordinary herolsm, the first to presented, ¥ * o shell bursts dan uerously near Segretary Baker while he da Twpecting Tront” Moe trenches. ‘Talks with privates, peers into 1o man's land, and later makes an ad- drexs o the soldlel the Rainbow Division. * ¢ ¢ President Wilson orders the Secretary of the Navy to holst American flag on all Duteh ves sels In tervitorial waters of the United States, declring further parley use- less, Inasmuch as Clerman pressure prevents Holland from exerting its own free will in the matter. * * Ad- miral Geddes, First Lord of the Ad- miralty, in House of Commons speech, says Cerman U-boats during 1917 de- stroyed 6,000,000 tons of allied ship- plig. Allles wre replacing 15 per vent of thelr losses and, together whii e tral nations, have 42,000,000 tons left in service. ¢ * Ambassador Francis says he will not leave Kussia until con- pelled by force to do so. In spite of tyealy fust made with Glermany (he Unitod Btates 5 st Russin's ally, 1 . | rendered regulation by any but a spe- | uld be played at all, but they | be | ARCH 20, 1928. NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. THE ESTATE OF GEORGE WASH- INGTON, DECEASED. Eugene E. Prussing: Little, Brown & Co. Original In conception, substantial in purpose, admirably balanced and round- ed in projection—such, it seems to me, must by general agreement among its readers stand as fair appraisal of this study by Eugene Prussing. I leave it to you. Is it not a strik- ingly novel plan to offer a “last will and testament” as definite and distinct con- tribution to a perfod of national history?> This is what Mr. Prussing has done with the subject in hand. To meet such significant purpose the instrument under cxamination must, to be sure, represent character and service of the highest, must connote influence of a quality to persist actively far beyond the limit of any one man's personal existence. George Washington stands behind this study, giving full warrant for the high worth of the author’s de- sign. * K K Since here is so unusual a course of research, historic or personal, let us step aside for a minute in order to look more closely into the general char- acter of any last will and testament. When a will comes formally into the open the occasion becomes a matter of atmosphere rather than one of actual fact. Here is solemn ceremonial, a ritual of respect toward a presence not seen. In effect this formal “reading of the will” is but a continuation of the funeral. Such is the mere outside of the matter. For, in its essence, this document s vibrant with the life of him who made it. It is packed with personal revelation. It is an account- ing of true conditions. First, it em- | bodies formally and completely the sum of its maker's possessions, often a care- fully guarded secret. It is an exact rr;elsure of material success, or the lack of it. Again, withheld during the Ilifetime of author, is made in the face of the final exit, in the consciousness, too, this document so carefully will be beyond the reach of blame or any other sort of judgment. By vir- tue of these two conditions it becomes the frankest of all personal revelations of character, temperament, and habit of mind. Fears and distrusts and jeal- ousies find place in it, no less than gratitude and justice, than love and friendship and fair dealing. Read here and there as you have the chance. You | will discover that these ultimate docu- | ments are sometimes m:’ of pure reprisal, just ‘much more commonly they prove to be instruments of protection and beneficence. | point is that a “last will and testament” | with the savors of death upon it. Rather personality and character of the one | who made it. X% % And s0 it is here. George Washing- ton himself, benign and wise, walks | these pages’ devoted to an exhaustive | study of his wijl. Here you come upon { him, big with the vision of his country | expanded greatly out into the West, an | expansion that he will not see, | which, nevertheless, he in this docu- | ment ‘makes the subject of his deep | interest and forward-looking practical | suggestion. Here, again, you find him standing beside the pressing problems of his own day, problems toward whose solution he sets down formal devise- ment and convincing advice. At this | point you see him, with mind and pen | at pause beside the negro—his own ing to one whom they secretly regarded Brutus, is not in our stars, but in our- | NeBroes—specifying the terms of their | advancing freedom and expressing the | hope and belief that freedom wiil be the ultdimate lot of all negroes in America. Education, industry, enter- prise, the opening of roads, the develop- ment of the Capital—these and in- | numerable other interests considered in this document come out to meet the | spirit of the present in a vividness of \\‘flcc( that counts no intervening years, ;‘l’?r\l‘(’ep:’;scnl.; none oll the implications ath and separation rsonal | oblivion. s ok | Understand that, vivid as is this | effect, it is produced by documented | material throughout. The triumph is that it has maintained lustily the | breath of life even under the exacting | operation of documentation. % % x here in Washington there are certain chapters that greatly emphasize the nearness of Washington himself. This happy effect is due in large part to the living quality of Mr. Prussing's work. Here -Washington is seen acquir- ing property in the Capital, buying lots on the river front to stir interest in that quarter, “to encourage others to buy there.” Acting much as the booster and go-getter of the present does, the great man also built two houses on Caplitol Hill right where the passing Government Hotels now are. And exactly like the man of the hour, he found himself “greatly astonished, and no doubt grieved, over bills run ning so much higher than he had “thought they could. ‘There are here, besides, tentative provisions for a national university, with bequests for minor institutions of learning. “Mount Vernon” in its final disposition is subject of arduous and painstaking study. Most revealing and interesting is this point. “My Land at Four Mile Run" opens another familiar waymark of the Washington holdings. | Certain Maryiand farms move into the action, farms that 1 am going to hunt out and visit for a back reach into the vivid reality portrayed here, for the reminiscent joy that must wait upon the adventure. Here is due notice of the possession of shares in different in the fing Shares in the “Dismal Swamp Land C ny"—foreboding name—and in Potomac Compan This last s |the first of its kind organized in Amer- |lea. It s the very company, also, in |name and something of about which we are reading to- day In the agitation over develop- ing and utilizing the water pow- r of Great Fulls. Sounds very im- | mediate, doesn't it! Here s careful at- tention to the promise and possibilities of “Outlying Lands” and the record of | what, if anything, has been done in this direction. These lands reach to the Ohlo and the Great Kanawha Rivers, proving Washingtop to be not only a |seer but a practical expansionist as well. Indeed, these various accounts. clothed in formal legality of term and ations of the kind do today. By virtue these transactions and by virtue also {of Mr. Prussing’s work the whole mat- fer becomes a living thing, with history and blography and business affairs stepping out before one as both romance and adventure. 1t is plain that lawyers will find both enjoyment and profit in the volume that Mr. Prussing here turns over to them Historlans will selge upon 1t s one of the finest of the upon his- the great mass of ye with but & tag of lmagination, will plinge o (his book 10F & new ao- qualitance with ane of the greatly in- SV men of thelr country-of any country, W The re ment Gasted again and again myself centering for the moment upon the author of this book rather than upon its great subleet. Promptly, 1 am sure, there will pass over to the eredit side of Mr. Prussing’s account recog- nition, hearty and free, of & big and laborious task sedulously pursued to ity trlumphant completion. To him must nent for patient and every clue set 1ty deallngs with the transference of property of (he (ask he has given time, Interest rAIning and an enormons amonnt of work. Well many people could do that, g accomplished, the enfoy- | U find | s | Englishman named Tickson. g the means | The | is not an article of sheer legal aridity | is it a thing alive and vibrant with the | ut | .38 To the reader of this book living Somewhat incongruous. companies, notice that reads like points | cial page of the daily paper. | purpose, | ANSWERS TO QUE TIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. ‘This 18 a special department devoted to the handling of inquiries. You have at your disposal an extensive organiza- tion in Washington to serve you in any capacity that relates to informa- tion. Write you question, your name and your address clearly and inclose a 2-cent stamp for reply. Send to The Evening Star Information _Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D. C. Q. When one finishes a meal, where should the napkin be placed? How should one dispose of knife and fork when the dinner plate is removed?— W. R. A. When one has finished a meal, the napkin is lald at the right or the left of the plate, preferably the right side. The knife and fork are laid a little to the right of the center of the plate. The tines of the fork point up- ward, The sharp edge of the knife faces the center of the plate. Q. What does “Sequatchie” mean?— G. C A It is an Indlan word meaning “Hog River.” Q. Is it an offense to advertise an article as patented which has not been? —P. C. A. 1t is fllegal for any one to ad- vertise an article as patented which has not been granted patent rights through the medium of the United States Patent Office. Any one found manufacturing articles so advertised is liable to severe prosecution by the law. Q. Why is a person who is fooled on April N. G. L. A. This is a literal translation from the French. An April fish is, in other words. a young fish and therefore easily caught. Q. Who opened the dance hall>—C. M. A. It was opened in 1788 by an The first shelter soon proved inadequate and he first that | bullt a large hall known as the “Grande en it becomes public he, its author, | Chaumiere. Q. What kinds of seals are found in Antaretic regions?—S. K. B. A. Six kinds of seals are found namely: The Weddell seal, the white crab-eater, the Ross, the sea leopard. the southern fur and the sea elephant. Q. When a meteor falls to the earth, | to whom does it belong?—N. J. S. | "A. Courts have decided that me- teorites belong to the owners of the land on which they are found. | | | Q Wno discovered electrons?— E C. A, The discoverer of what is now | called the “electron” was Sir J. J. 1 called an “April fish"?— public | ‘Thomson of Cambridge, England. He called it a “corpuscle.” The name “elec- tron” is credited to Sir G. Johnsione | Storey. | —_— | Q. Exactly what is meagt by a Gen- tile?—B. P. | "A. The term “Gentile” has different | meanings among different peopies. Tn |the Jews, it is one of a non-Jewish natlon or non-Jewish faith; with tne | Christians, one neither a Jew nor a Christian—a heathen; in India, non- Mohammedan; among Mormons, non- Mormons. Q. How can a person judge whether | a tablecioth is all linen>—R. E. T. A. Linen absorbs water immediatel: | and feels heavier than cotton. Linen |if freed from dressing. becomes frans- | lucent when treated with olive oil: ent- ton remains opaque. If torn quick linen threads will be smooth: cotton | threads will curl. | @ At what period was the Roman Empire at its height?—A. N A. The rule of Trojan, 98 to 117 AD. marked the height of the Romar Empire. The rule following, that of Hadrian, was memorable for its peace fulness and for the fact that it w- | the most splendid era of Roman arr, tecture. Q Was a parasol ever carried men as well as women?—G. H. A. It is only since the eightee: century that the use of the paraso been confined to women in Europe Asiatic countries it is used today members of both sexes. Q. How many paid firemen are thery in the fire departments in the Unite} States?—H. M. M. A. At the time of the 1920 censu: | there were 50,7 L Q. Did Staten Island ever belon; to New Jersey?—W. J. C A. Staten Island was properly 'z part of New Jersey until 1668, at which time the Duke of York decreed tha all islands which could be circumna- gated within 24 hours should belon to New York. Capt. Christophe Billopp made the trip around Staten Island in the required time and re- ceived a reward of 1163 acres at th south end of the island. and State Island was thereafter considered a part of New York Territory, which later b-- came New York State. Q Should “son” or “Sidney” ta in the sentence, “V credits have been ac- cepted”? A. When two words are in ap tion the sign of possession is us added to the latter. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. erally agreed that the most | rendered. and the whole hemisphere [ i) oot In abofisning war, whether | would be involved in the complications | “aggressive” or defensive, consists in | of European leagues and balances of | “the will for peace.” How soon public ' power. sentiment throughout the whole” world | In his recent New York speech Sec- | Will achieve that “will toward peace” is ' retary Kellogg made emphatic declara- in question. and only the foolhardy tion that this Nation would never enter pacifist is ready to prociaim that un-!into any military alliance requiring preparsdness on the part of a part of America to join other nations in wag- some of the nations can advance the ing war not defensive of our own | cause. In the meanwhile. however, it rights and interests. In that he was | is encouraging to note the increasing referring to the League of Nations, popularity of advocacy of peace meth- | which pledges all its member nations o | ods among the world leaders of BOV- join against any nation adjudged to be | ernments. but it is pointed out. even at ' the “aggressor” in a war. And the Geneva, that “all is not gold that glit- | [eague of Nations would decide when = | ters” in the flashing of peace Propa- nation became an aggressor. | e le, at Geneva the Soviet e e, E | rgp’x:rse;:::r":s. upon their first appear- As further demonstration that al | ance in the meeting of the preparatory | that is important in maintaining the disarmament conference, advocated 'peace of the world—or at least o “immediate disarmament” of all na- America—lies in the “will to peace” and tions, even while it is notorious that nothing substantial is‘embodied eithe: {the Soviet government is pursuing a in crippling our own national defense. | Policy menacing all_established gov- (it is noted that even the six greai | ernments, and is itself building up the | powers of the League of Nations ars strongest possible army. The proposal | now inclined to concede the Kellogs | was nted, according to the corre- | attitude as most effective. A Geneva ! spondent of the Christian Monitor. “In | dispatch says: = a truculent tone” which provoked the | “It is announced that the Kelloge other members of the conference to re- proposition. Wwith certain limitations. celve it in complete silence. Proposing | and according to a formula vet to be world peace with a threatening manner worked out. will probably prove ac- | appeared to the representatives as | ceptable to the States who are members of the League of Nations, without thwarting their obligations to the T HEw “The will to peace” owes its possi- League. | What is meant by “according to a bility to the meaning of the word formula yet to be worked ou Hi “will" rather than to any specific the League of Nations so li | methods of compulsion, according to | advocates of defensive preparedness. Other loopholes in pacifistic plans are noted in the difference of proposals | coming from Premier Briand of France and Secretary of State Kellogg. The former has been clinging to the pro- | posal merely that the United States and France should agree not to resort |to war.but to submit all differences | not capable of adjustment by diplo- {macy to the arbitrament of neutral decision. Secretary Kellogg has urged | that the agreement should be broad- | ened so as to include other great pow- jers. and to abolish war as a national { policy. This would not forbid reason- | able preparedness for defense against | attack, for it is recognized that all diplomatic agreements become “scraps | of paper” In the hands of a would-be | world conqueror, and that means of | defense cannot be provided after an enemy appears at the gate. It takes years to construct a navy and years to organize and equip an army of defense | The will toward peace is no substitute | for common sense, however influential |1t is toward restraining junkers. | *x o ow Merely crippling our own defense has never fatled to enhance our proba- bility of being attacked: that is the famillar argument of advocates of pre- | paredness | It is noteworthy how the nations are maneuvering in the development | of their diplomacy upon this subject | When Secretary Kellogg undertook to | bronden Premier Briand's arbitration agreement by applying the same to all | the great world powers, tnstead of lim- | ting It _merely to France and the | United States. 'so that war should be denounced as a national policy by them all. the French position was main- tained firmly that that would be im- | possible, since it would conflict with “will to peace” that it must main- tain the right to combine in making world war when it so decides as nece: sary to world peace? The famo declaration of Pa: that he “would ha peace if he had to fight for it" seems to be repeated “For example.” says the Geneva di patch, “one can imagine a form which would bind the contractants un' the pact was broken by one of them. whereupon evervbody would be re- leased. Doubtless such a solution would not possess great practical v for security. but 1t would conserve moral character of he Kellom projects.” In the lancuage of Ortent, it would “save bis face.” *xox o« The question returns, then, as is meant by “aggression” and to be understood by an act breakir the peace. Mobilization of the Russ army is given by the defenders of tb rman MpPLe S an act of war, . although the Russtans had no respassed upon Germany Ror fired shot Pertinax, the k of France. “t States will be ambarrassed if M. B suggests that every country be to subseribe to the Kellogg pact, stead of only the six great powers, as proposed by Secretary Kellogg, for he construes that as meaning that the Latin Am | by given position offensively | Secretary Kellogy. speech. made it v that he is not dreaming of the mpracticable in organizing for world peace. He de~ clared: “War cannot be abolished by & mere declaration in the proambie of a treaty.” “Especially would this be folly.” he added, “if the preamble 1 [the war to ‘aggressive wars' The famous Bryan t “asserting their New York | France's obligation to the League of lwar. it must be re process, read exactly as similar oper- | of the quality of the central figure in | | Nations, requiring al member nations to join in repressive measures against summated n 1914 jus break of the maost terridle war in | the great powers but all the lttle na- | ston from Europe. | e e S Mevel any “aggressive” nation. But the | world's history st report from France indicates a g surrender of that refusal to bar war as a national palicy, not merely to quibble upon that word “aggressive ™ Nevertheless. there appears to be a catch in Premier Briand's alleged con- cession to the Kellogg proposition, for now he undertakes to go Secretary Kel- logg one better by including not only | e w Kellog: tration cannot cwove dispute between can consent Lo refer questions of v domestic palicies o foretgy tation, however neutral. 1 “A palitical question cannot trated because there s no law by it ocan be dectded, unless Uealy | provisiens requ ton. NO nation can ag purely dom taxation o seems to me o long ws the warld separate, soveteigh Bathons, o questions cai be property subait arbitration which being justicab thele nature are suseepiible mination by the spplicat nised rales of law or sy But. until all nations mdividual sovereignty power, putting all peoples upon the regardless of their differ {ences i education and kieals of mstice. perhaps, I, howeyer, do not seg any | there will not exist nternational Mw one FIRhE Al hand Whe could so present | such a8 Mr. Kellogs contends s the e whole tremendous matter s logal rnuw Tequisite of universal settlements Il s of lphications, with h.- by International, universal arbitration Spiit of adventure wpoid 1 with the [ of even domestio questions. The League Secret. ass tions of the Western Hemisphere. 1t 15 contended. according to dispatehes from Geneva, that that 1s a sIv attempe 10 trap the United States mto & waiv- ure of (he Monroe Doctrine, which in volves protection of (he peace of this hemisphere agatnst any act of aggres- Just as soon Ay the United States entered into & pledge not to guard this hemisphere against Eu- TOPEAR ARRTOSSOES by armed force it necessary, the Monroe Doctrine, which has protected the little nations of America In maintaining their nde pendence for a century, would be sur- N of reens | | It artuous (radl of the law m,:uumu.v Af R gEeat COuntry coming o | of Natlons has come #o nearer a sou- nd | lite slide | American Who went his way g be- | uider the vislan of this great | ton of workl peace than (o form sn ! A o w i ! iance \umh:: Workt war :":x are Yeallsation 1 oeven & siall degree | Wit o & ve » was to b discerned. Fine work from |m . WW every polnt af view, (Conyright. 1098 w Panl V. Coliias) A