Evening Star Newspaper, January 6, 1928, Page 8

FTHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. W*"SKRINGTON, D.C. FRIDAY.. ...January 6, THEODORE W. NOYES. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Buriness Oflice and Penusyivania Ave 110 Eart 4:nd St idine London, Rate by Tbe Evemng The Evemns Sremay Be sent by manl er telapinas Marn 3000 Rate by Mai'—Payable in Maryland and Virginia. Daile ant Sundav . <o mo Daily only LI1RIS8.00: 1 mo Sunday oty 1S5 000 1 me All Other States Daily At sunday aily onte Sandas onty nada. R a0 00 1mo. 0w 1 mo. Member of the Associated thress. e Assor o tod Pross te oxelis 10 b el ¢ Prtlished herein. of snecial dispatehes AN i orn The Norris Resolution. The Senats for the fourth time haz gone on raxcord overwhelmirgly in favor of the Norris resolution to do amay with “lame duck ™ sessions of Con- gress. Whether the House lead®rs will permit the reasure to come to a vote a' the presont session remains to be seen. Unless they have experienced a change of heart the chances are against action in the lower house, although the resolution probably would be adopted by that body if it were brought 1o a vote. It proposes an amendment to the Constitution and requires a two- thirds vots of both houses of Congress ted to the States for ratification. Three time: the resolution has been favorably reported to the House nnrr" it passed the Senate, only to languish on the calendar and die of sleeping sickness. The resolution proposes a constitutional amendment fixing the baginning of the terms of President and Vic: President at noon on the fifteenth day of January, and the terms of S@nators and Representatives at noon on the second day of January following their election in the preced- ing November. Its adoption would do away with the to-called short session of Congress. Under existing conditions @ new Congress does not actually con- vene in regular session until a year and one month after its members have been elected. Nor does a new President take office until four months after his clec- tion. Under such conditions the chanze 1928 Advance. | 7| tion fs always difficult. °|against future mishaps of the same 7 offu will run amuck ruthlessly with the con ventions and proprieties during his term of office, to give Newburyport its full measure of punishment for its failure to safeguard itself against political dis- aster. It has well earned this experi- ence by its neglect of duty in Novem- ber. The man was not a pretender. He showed himself in his true colors during vl!‘ gampaign, a roughneck, in- competent. The town took him as & §~¢. But it will be no foke when he | plays ducks and drakes with the city | administration There have been numerous instances of this sort of political slacking and many freaks have boen raised to public | office in consequence. The communi- N [ ties and the States that have suffered Nesa experiences have rued their re- | Sometimes they have tried ' h and remove from office these but the process of redemp- The harder it |is to get rid of A public nuisancs the | more the community that suffers from lor should be stirred to wssure itsolf | kind by diligent duty ‘e polls when- levar the time comes to choose public .- “Psychosis Stuff.” Repeated invocation of the inzanity defense for murder in eases of excep- ! tional atrocity has aroused a pronouncad reaction throughout the country. Fear is felt that the efficacy of the law which forbids the taking of life on pain | of death, or of hopeless life imprison- | | ment in States where the death pen- alty is not established, is being weak- ened by the device of. psychologie: ciaims of in onsibility. The Hiek- man case in California is especially to the point. But while that cas2 is de- | veloping there has arisen a fresh in- | stance in New York, in the final pleas {bofore the governor for clemency hv | the counsel for the man and woman who have been convicted of kiliing the latter'’s husband in & most brutal man- { ner. When that case came to the point of ! hearing before the governor yesterday the claim was advanced that the wom- an had in her girlhood suffered a sun- | oke and was therefore not account- | ble for her actions in maturity. It | | was urged that the pair were suffering | from a morbid mental condition that | prevented them from resisting evil im- | pulses. It was contended that the | slayers, particularly the woman, were |in the “twilight zone” of limited re- | sponsibility, finally being moved by ai “insatiable determination for a victim. The man was pictured as existing in a strange, hazy world, distorted by the unquenchable fire within the psychical | self of the woman, and living in a “con- | tinuous dclirium ending in a tragic | erime.” | | | | | | in administration and legislative func- | The news reports of the hearing bring tions of Government desired by the|gome reassurance to those who have | voters is postponed unreasonably. Men | folt yneacy on the score of the possible continue to make laws after they have escape from punishment by the partic- besn tumed down at the polls, an | panis in this ghastly tragedy. Gov. enomalous condition. | Smith, it is stated, displayed manifest But there is another important rea- | impatience with the “psychosis stuff,” | son for the adoption of the proposed " . e g ey as he expressed it, that was put for- sometimes overlooked. Under the Con | ward in extenuation. With reference ! to the claim that the mentality, resist- stitution as it now stands, if in the | gnce will and physical selves of the de- Mofe:mm:d ‘:&“‘;’;" w::: | fendants were such that they were “liv- W‘ R itia Watiire o dny Gl | ing another world” and unable to m'mw Siive & imajorsty oF tha sisc- resist the temptation to take life, the b Rt et ahand b | governor exclaimed: “According to that, SR e i when you wanted to commit & crime thrown into the House, the old House | ., wouiq have only to do some of e e g o S | e o o s e 0 #5kie piogie: It gt bap- | poin! out ‘nm [ the wording of pen thet m o e ol Slods: the law on #anity a criminal could be S el ‘m‘mm‘“ | an idiot, an imbecile or a lunatic and s rejected at the polls. |y pe 1ol accountable for murder in would be called upon to determine the | . gt degree if he knew the nature clection of a Chiefl Exccutive for the | ong quality of his act and knew it o mext four years. They might defes! |y, wrong. There is always abnormality | the purpose of the people, who had apout g person committing crime, he | fiom dcfeated them in the general eloc- | said. Addressing one of the counsel i ” | he added: Arguments advanced against | Accord] adopiion of the Norris resolution run | heid nu;\,:fiu'glz’?; 'l:‘l’l ?:u'uh:& :: 10 a desire not o tamper with the Con- | wuu- :nmh:“;“n:& ’.fnmm',?."’m' stitution; to permit a eooling-off pericd | ‘4ally iy before & change of administration. But | Do cent. conkeious of Tt and wrong: those arguments do not appear to bear One day some one comes to me and the same weight or to be as convincing | 53¥5 that because a person convicted of | murgcr is poor, un ted, has no ad- as the arguments advanced in support | v,y g@-es, a victim of surroundings, he | thoula be saved. Today you come here |lml tell me that because this man is | well educated, a SBunday school teacher, a sympathetic and loving man, & gen- of the proposed change. The short ses- sion, with its filibusters and legislative Jams, would become a thing of the past, 4! the amendment were adopted. B uSve. Occasionally a radio comedian makes the largs money involved in a “hook- up” look like one of his best jokes. e et - | erally fine person, he should be saved. {1 am not going to be concerned with this psychosis. I am not going to pay any attention to it. And while you arc speaking of background, conscider my background. 1 have taken an oath of office W support the law. K out all = | this cther stuff, Stick to the law. Newburyport's Bitter Dose. | 1. o rmors decision, it s stated, Newburyport, Mazs., last November | wiy pe rendered next week. It would hag one of thote epells of political ab- | yeem from his remarks during the hear- erration that oceasionally attack com- | s that there is little doubt of jta na- munities when the Ume comes 10 choose yyre And if it follows the Jine of his public officials. It elected Andrew J reasoning expressed yesterday there will Gillis mayor after a lively campaign. . g decided feeling of relief through- Gillis was formerly & gasoline station | g tne country. owner without any particulor political inclinetion, but when some time ag0' 4 4iyainr exerejses arbitrary power the mayor of Newburyport ref; him | der severe eircumstances, Neverthes 8 licenss 10 conduct "‘f‘ business on & o pe manages to assume an affable fovorite site he deciared war and|gene which enables him to appear at entered the lists His campaign was |y ues when his portrait is being | pieturesque and brisk. Somehow "’&pfiln'td other it attracied the stiention of the ' p clectorate, Many of the staid citizens of & conservative 1ype remained home on election day and enough of Guillis' | Btrict es are the Bauntes Inws of New edmirers and supporters went (o the | YOrk they do not seem fo hold ény polls 1o put him wcross. He took office | terror for Sam Kiein. He goes right yesterday and inaugurs his regime | 2long with his criminal ways and 1 | | e . oo o | B ) | Another Chance, | by making public list of officials who | ere 15 be dismisted from office, includ- | ing the fire chief, the eily solicitor, t highway superintendent, the assessor, | the building nspector, the overseer of the poor, the ¢ty messenger the health commissioner, the registrar of volers, the herbor master, the library director | an® four policemen been o er changes that it i stated, but o under | ments charges would have heen neces- | sary W effect removel. 1y Justification of this sweeping clearance of the pub- i offices the new mayor said wor, Qdn’t we? Geserve \he gravy This 36 frank and explie Don't the winners Eleetion Lonly & hittle more than & year despite There would have | the eyl service require- | WINOT. Bince then he has appeared in “WE dicorderly conduct; | the quite bored at having 1o mppear in court every so often Lo answer for his eins, Klein's casualness seems 1o be Justified a1 that, because on his latest appearance before & judge on a charge of robbery he received a sentence of @ record that dates back to 1912, when he was sent o the reformatery for twenty-one months as sn incorrigible one courl or wnother ten Limes, ‘This 15 e record On July 4, 1914, he was sentenced 1o | nineteen months & reformatory for | arrested July 7, | 1916, tor uttempted grand lareeny wnd case was dismissed, senlenced | Beptember 3, 1016, o reformatory for disorderly | conduct; sentenced again i p mext few months, means patronuge. Bul upfortunately | Oetaber 2lmm.u ’l‘l;r‘dlmmrrluwu,nn. - " enced 1o | ember 3, 1921, for disorderly conduet; nemes of sundry people | sentenced June 19, 1922, 0 two yeurs wio bave eggrieved him in the past ':A-dm;w{n”l‘n't:nlIm-:l'luhwu;u"fi'l'nu.m for | iarceny. wr One was u policeman who once | fob UL UEER SOREbEY % “pinched” him for selling gasoline with- | minor, but wis discharged and sen- out & permit and enother hed on one | Lenced July 22, 1971, 1o five months in occasion dmonhed hin 10 “run slong | He workhouse for disorderly conduct home, puppy dog Gillis’ memory for | From digorderly conduct Lo impairing affronts snd injuries is evidently going [ the morkla of & minor with fey 0 pley havoe with Newburyport in the | charges of grand Inreeny theown in, s the unsavory record of this habitua) ens the mayor “has a litle Nst prising the W omey be hoped Lhat THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON slapped behind the bars for ten or fif- teen years is something that is impos- sible to understand. A criminal yecord extending over a period of sixteen years should be enough to convince the most skeptical that he is beyond reform. And yet even with such examples as this, it seems (o bz the desire of sentimentalists togive such criminals “another chance.” This man should -have had his last chance when he got out of the teforma- | tory in 1914, but by picayune jail sen- tences he is still gatting chances in 1928, As long as this treatment is accorded persons who have shown unmistakable and permanent criminal tendeneles no Tops for better conditions in the world of elvilization will bear fruit. N Fire-Trap Hotels. ning. N. Y. furnishes the latest instance of tragedy incident to the use of ancient buildings as hotels. A con- tury-old structure was fired by an in- cendiary early Thursday morning and the flames spread so rapidly that three of the thirty-five inmates were burned to death. The building was a frome construction of thre2 storics and attic, a veritable firctrap. It cccapos and was in no wise protected from the flames. It went like tinder and it was a miracle that many more prople ware not Killed. Thes public sccommodation, are to be found all over the country, especially in the alder seetions. They have brcome land- | marks. Fire regulations have been as a rule adopted and in some cases applied to the extent of requiring outside metal ladders and the installation of fire ex- tinguishers, But so flimsy is their con- struction, so old and d ing thair materials that not cven these precautions. when they ere adopted, are of much avail. Every holocaust would seem to suffice to cauzs razing of all of these death- teape wherever they exist. But alter the firzt reaction of horror the impulse, it e dues the dana*r by prohibiting the use of these structures for public accom- modation passes. They continue to be tolerated. Pcrhaps in some commu- nities political influences are exertsd to | permit their us>. In others indifference | on the part of public officials operates ' to continue the peril. In every case where & firetrap of this character is allowed to remain in use for the housing of numbers of people until it is burned and life is lost. the | responsibility should rest squarely upon the municipal authorities, who, in prob- ably every instance, have the power to prevent continued occupancy and in- vitation to tragedy. Prosecutions of not | only the owners of such bulldings but of the public officials who allow them to remain in service would perhaps | stimulate a general clearance and the elimination of one of America's most shameful evils. B e — From the underworld where gunmen lurk, to the skies where brave aviators perish, reminders come that this new civilization is strangely indifferent to human life. B Many dwellers in Washington, D. C.. are enabled to resist the balmy lure of Winter rosorts as they think matters ove: “nd decide to remain at home and enjoy the skating. e — The distinction of being mentioned as a presidential possibility is still great- Iy ptized. It is eagerly sought by men who do not entertain a genuine hope | of getting any further. et Queer crimes puzzle the police. The average policeman is a clear-headed, straight-thinking person, whose train- ing does not enable him to follow with ease the trend of psychopathic theory. Tt seems reasonable to suppose that Lindbergh would like to have enough leisure some time to examine his gifts and read over his correspondence. When a eriminal asserts he is crazy why call him “cat” or “fox” instead of invoking the colloquial term “cuckoo”? Thanks 1o radio, an artist is able to add to his accomplishments the attain- ments of an automobile salesman. ‘The automobile price war has taken the place of the old rallway rate war. v 5 : SHOOTING STARS. DY PHILANDER JOHNSON, Little Idea. A little idea came dancing one day. A dramatist shackled it into a play, A tunemaker coupled it into a song And made it work wearily all the night long. Poor little idea! Itself It would meet In mimicry erude, through the halls or the street And oft it would murmur, In aceents forlorn, “I'm sorry, sometimes, that T ever was | born." : Unforzettable, “You say you never forget a friend?" “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum “As n matter of fact, the friends to whom you are indebled In practical politics never permit you to forget 'em.” Choice, “I do not choose,” & Statesman sald And many a prophet shakes his head And hints, “There I8 no earthly elf Whao tells his fortunes for himself." Jud Tunkins says the boy who used to stand AL the head of his class went into the wide world and didn’t amount to much when he got out of his cluas, Impractical Adviee, “We are Wid o love our enemies " “IC can't be done aopswered Migs Cayenne. "I you try to make an enemy think you love him, he'll nall you right off for & hypocrite” “Anclent ruins,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinstown, “call attention to the melaricholy fael that old realtors were not sincere conservationists,” Destination, I'he year goes rolling on its way Unto the blossoming of May And then through heat or autumn (ain Goes rolling on towsrd May Each Journey long 1s but to find The May day that was Jeft bhehind, “Every Ume 1 goes Into court,” mld Uncle Eben, "I can't help feelin' de enfemn wish dal some ofy de suriound had no fire | old firetraps, used as places of | e warninz and to re- | D. C. FRIDAY, JA NUARY 6, 1928 THIS AN ‘The arrogance of the job i3 some- thing which all men and some firms must fight against, if they are to do the best by themscives and their in- stitutions. You see this trait everywhere vou | RO, in many degrees of intensity, in every onc it bears the same marks of overboariig and the ill effeets of some prosperity. Money {s the root of all evil, so we | have been told: plain prospority often affects plain mortals In a peculiar manner, Take the haughty lady cashier in th | restaurant doing 2 good business. he | 1 | had | morning™ and “Thank you™ to custom- | ors. | This not beinw the need, however, | sines the esinbhishment is several _\'nnr.:‘ old, the Ilady finds it more pleasing to | herself to greet all customers with a | frown. | This is. truly, what on> may call the | errogance of the job. P The “cop on the corner” i3 a stand- ard example of this o'erweening pre- | sumptiousness. £ “fe tells you to move al ng It would bo perfectly possible fo { him to ask it in a decent tone of vo'cn, in a particular cass, he | h voice and threaien- ing movements of the arms. Now, an honest citizen, who' is used to being treated with respaet in his own business and by all who know him, | must resent such unnceessary arro- | ganee in relation to himseif, | “Surely theie 1 nothine in my stand- ing here for a minute with Bill Jones | that merits that we be spoken to in such a tone of volc>." wlf. And he i : | such o look tions of arm: should be evil doers, those who bre caught in the The everag® citizon forgives the “cop on the corner bxcauss he knows that | such work is not a ten party, by any means, and that it require rong and determined men. all of whom have not read books upon etioueits, ( P * % The traflic officor, too, does often yield to the spirit of ar which “overcomes workers in all®lines of activity? Perhaps it would be strange if he did not, he in his uniform and brass but- and badge of authority, when aly dressed store cierks often suc- cumb to the same malady. law-abiding motorist who has unwit- tingly violated some smail traffic rule. The man in the automobfle may be president of a large firm." Hundreds of men may abide by his word as law. In his proper building no one ever volees the slightest objection to any- thing that he says. (One often wonders how he ever finds out the truth about anything! But that is his problem, not ours.) Watch him now, as the traffic of- cer leans familiarly Into his bus. “Say you, what you trying to do? Don't you know how to drive? Didn't you sce that light® Oh, you did? Well, why did you start, then? Let's see Something very closely npprmrhlng’ frritation has been aroused in Coolidge | administration quarters by the cool re- ception France has accorded Secretary Kellogg's renunciation-of-war proposals. It looks as if negotiations which con- templated tightening up the ties of Franco-American friendship might end | in looscning them. Until the French government plainly states what it ob- jects to in America’s suggestions, Parls’ motives can only be guessed at in Wash- ington. Two theories are put mnh‘ here. One is that M. Briand is peeved | because Mr. Kellogg wants all of the | powcers to foin hands in a declaration ngainst war, instead of a two-sided a rangement between the United States and France themselves. It was an cx- clusive little “bilateral” deal of that sort which the French preferred. An- other possible cause for Paris’ apparent | dislike of the Kellogg counter-proposal | is thought to be Frengh disapproval of | anything savoring of competition with the League of Nations. CRE ‘The other day at the White House, | while discussing 1928 economic pros- | pects, President Coolidge remarked that | wages in the United States arc now at | the highest peace-time peak on record | That assertion recalls a recent cpisode | during the visit of a British labor dele- | gation to the executive offiees. The head of the delegation. a bluff Britisher, | i told Mr, Coolidge that he and his com- | | rades had come to this country to find | {out why it is that the American work- | | ingman earns more than the British | | workingman doss. “The American workingman works,” replied the Presi- dent, which ended the argument on that score. o Over at the Navy Department these | days they're looking into all and sun- dry connected with the submarine, from | the days of its earliest inception’ right up to the controversial present. Capt Alfred Johnson, the new chief of the offics of naval intelligence, has just dug up the interesting fact that King James of England once truveled under the Thames River in a submarine. The Navy Department records also contain the data of a disaster Lo m submarine in the service of the Confederate navy | in 1864, Her name was the Hunley, and sank four different times owing to | ¥ of lonzitudinal stability.” Alto- gether 32 lives were lost among the | Hunley's officers and men, | LR One Hoover Is already In the White | Houss. He's Isane, not Herbort, and | he's Just officiated at his thirty-seventh annual New Year day reception as chief usher of the Executive Mansion, “Ike,” a8 hix best friends know him, has boen | glnd-handing distinguished visitors st the threshold of No. 1600 Pennsyvivania pue sinee the days of Benjumin rison’s adminiatiation, ‘That means that Hoo has known intim fewer than eight different and Firat Ladies of the Land, In 1018 “Ihee' accompanied President Wilson Lo Paris a1 was guardian of the portal at the Paristan mansion which My and Mrs, Wilron inhabited during the peace confercnce. Hoover came to Washing- ton In 1890 to install electrie Jights in the White fouse It was decided to employ him there Pmmun»mlv beeause nobedy else seemed capable of vu the luminating plant, “Ike" soon wrew thut humble post and for many years now he has been one of the dignl Ned attaches of Amcrica's most famous home, | LY Walter Bruee Howe of the Distriet of Columbla bar 15 proceeding to Nign- ragus with Brig. Gen. Frank R, MeCoy in the capaeity of the Jatter's legnl ad- viser with relation (o the Nicaraguan wesidentinl election Ma). Howe, who n his miltary inearnation s a general 1 officer of (the Reserve Corpa, served ws eounsel to the special Benate com- misslon which vislted Haltl three ot four years ago. Apert from his law practice i Washington, Howe devalos most of hin time 1o the affals of (he Navy Leagte of the United States, He's en s president for the past two years, and s ardently inteveated h o everything wsnoointed with the fleol Howe 15 a New Yorker by birth, and was at Yale with former United Btates Benator "Jim" Wadsworth, LR tor Bronson Outting, Republiean W new nine vepresentative w Aei PR un;'.‘ Gillis criminel. Why In the world he 15 not g gentiemen was as wis as dey Jook," of New Mexieo In the uppes howse of {even if it seems a small suc | high to low, Behold the “traffic cop” menace a; | fully hide it from their WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. D THAT your permit. hem, left it home, ch?" And o on, and so on. * H o % Watchmen, office boys, outcr-i tarize—one and all sometimes give in to the lure of affecting the haughty man- ner. They have prospered in their work, and it has gone to their head. It is said that cvery man has his Yr\-.fl: in a like manncr, every worker has his own conceptions of success. | Let a certain type of fellow s\lrrfl"d. | s 10 other uts on the mantle of arrogance, and struts untii a kindly fat> cuts him down. Inctead of keeping in mind the neces- ity for ordinary business courtesy at 2l times, he comes to the point where he feels that he can Apply it in some cases, and not in others He, hims»1f, is 12 be the sole fudze of when to b polite, witen not to be courtcous! He, himself. is to decide, | just by looiing ot the newcomel, whether he is to be greeted thing akin to or whather be snubbed and made to feel his plece e cots himself up to do wh oven the finest psychologisis would hesi- tate to undertake—make snap judgment upon mankind. It cannot be done. little man, who zppears noth- @ is a millionaire, and inies of thourands of fine-lnoking voung fel- | i l | Yonder low, with a pather handcome face, may turn out to be the worst type of crimi- | * ok % 05 o some men’ and makes them forgel erding they had to begin with, v a large firm has found it neces- from time to time, to issue in- ttle suoce; phone el that man: in abrupt : y at the oth ng at the air, a3 it were, spitting forth maledic- tions at the firm represented by the em- ploye suffering from th~ strange caca, arrogance of the job. Whole firms. it may b> raid | of the snme afllment. Employes, from | afect the pore of om- ceience, and vie with one anoiher to h hat" patrons. This state of | affairs, as affecting an entire orzaniza- | tion, is even stranger than that of the individual suffering from “job arro- ganes," The head, we heave heard it said. colors the whole organization; but we believe this & slur at thos» in the front | Too many emploves are ill job arragance,” but so care- that 11 as | D the Iatter do not discover it as we they migat. > The plain necessity for courteons treatment of the public, either by public servants or those in private employ. is of such an open-and-shut characier that it would scem to reguire no eluci- dation, ‘Th> point {s that every man musc recognize in himself whether he is suf- fering from this disease, and. if he s should take steps to free himself from | it, beeause it holds him back. whetier | Iho is w'nlmx to admit it or not. Think t over! Congress, becomes the latest member of the journalistic fraternity on Capitol Hill. Senators Capper of Kansas and Nye of North Dakota both identify themselves as active editors, who have temporarily degenerated into politicians Senator Moses of New Hampshire is a newspaperman by profession. Senator Copeland of New York is said to make about ten times his congressional sal- ary by writing medical pieces for the F{\n?m. besitdes which he owns a thriv ng little daily at Nyack, N. Y. Sena tor Tyson of Tennessee was a Knox- ville newspaper proprietor when he en- tered Congress. Senator Glars of Vir- ginia controls all the newspapers there are in Lynchburg. Senator Greene of Vermont is a journalist, too. The House | of Representatives teems with news- paper members, as well. “Dan” An- thony of Kansas, Clyde Kelly of Penn- sylvania, Albert Johnson of Washing- ton, Willlam C. Hammer of North Caro- lina, E. Hart Fenn of Connecticut and | Guy U. Hardy of Colorado are among | the knights of the blue pencil who adorn the lower branch. LRI Adjournment of the Senate until next Monday is probably not entirely discon- nrcted with cvents in Nicaragua. There would appear to be something like a | truce, to which both Republican and Democratic leaders have assented. in order that irrerponsible Senate debate may not unnecessarily embarrass the United States Government. The pan- American conference 13 only ten days away. To turn the Capitol at so witch- ing an hour into an arena of violent eritieism of our policy in Central Amer- ica would have decided, and possibly serious, disadvantages, So the Senate seems to have agreed, for the moment at leam, not to interfere in the case of Marines vs. 8andino. Heflin of Ala- bama 18 no party to this infamous ar- angement, if any. Exposure of the “unholy alliance between the moncy changers of Wall Strect and the Roman Catholic hierarchy”—~whieh the leather- | lunged Alabaman proclaimed to a be nighied world yesterday-—outranks, in his judgment, so relatively unimportant & matter as harmony at Havana. (Cony IR N ) ) Charges That Caldwell Was With R. C.’A, Denic T the Filitor of Tha Star: An artiele in The Evening Star of January 3, 1928, states that the oppo- sition In the Senate to the copfirmation of O. H. Caldwell as a member of the Federal Radio Commission is based | largely on his alleged former connee- tions with the National Broadeasting Co. and the Radio Corporation of America A o matter of simple justice T am submitting herewith & short history- af Mr. Caldwell, which diseloses thal a* no time, elther direotly or indivectly,’ his he been connected with, or iy any wiy associated with, either of the con- corng mentioned “The history follows “Oresten H. Caldwell, member of the Federal Radio Commission for New England and Kast, was born in Lexing- ton, Ky, 39 yi ago (1RAK). He s a gradunte clegtrical engineer from Pur- due University i Indiana, where he speelalized tn ln'lq‘rhlll\ and communt- | cation subjects, following preliminayy | tauining i Chavlottenbury, Bevlin, | Germany. | “Upon graduation frem college fn 1008, at the age of 20 My Culdwe With w number of other student engls NEers, took B Bdnor position in- the Westinghouse plant at L‘n"l Pitbbingh, remaining for 8 months at a saiavy of | SI8 per week, and leaving in 1e0n o 1ol the MeGYaw publishing interests | WIth whieh he was continualiy eon- | necled for I8 years untll named w | :.:vhu vommissioner by President Cool- dge * From 1000 (o Mareh, 1037, My Oald- well was in editorial work with the | MeCiraw-HilL engineering fournala of | Now York Olty - for many. years as as- soelnte editor of Eleotrioal World, the Ieading eleotieal englneers’ publication, and later as editor of both Rieotrion! Merohandislng and Radio Retaining whivh lie helped to organise, “Refore going (o Washington n Murch, 1007, M. Oaldwell was w e hev af the vadio committes of the Amer- toun Engineering Cauneil, the jaint Board of the prineipal engineoring so- ciebies of the Unigd Biates, and ax n divector of m-“w York Wleotrionl | | | . origin. ] lic safety. | tion, and those who earcd not to vio- | W |and | was in the right. | were presumed ! eases without a jury upon | pleading. practice ob rules of court. Criminal Trials’ Growth Early Saxon Ordeals and Com- purgation Displaced by Juries. To the Fditor of The Star: The early forms of trial in criminal cases were chiefiy py compurgation and by ordeal; in civil cases, by battle. These modes of trial were of Saxon Formerly, when a person was accused of a crime, he might purge himezelt upon oath of the accieation mad: against him whenever the proof was | not the most clear and positive; gnd if upon his oath he declared himself innocent, he was absolved. This usage, so eminently calculated to encourage perjury by impunity, was | 500n found to be dangerous 1o the pub- | To remove this evil ‘he law were changed by requiring that the oath shonld be administered with the D (s | soon disregarded, for the mind became | casily familiarized to those ceremonics ‘hich at firet impozed on the imagina- fate the truth did not hesitate to treat the form with contempt, In order to give a greater weight to the oath 6f the accused was again altered %o as to require that the accused should appear hefore the judge with a certain number of his neigh s, who were freeholders of the hun- dred. who should swear that they be- lieved the ed had sworn truly This new the law | first offens> or il his compuraa not agree to make the oath o the ordeal. The ordeal was an <titious mode of trial. ordral was either by fire or b and perhaps in less important forms, | ‘fhose who were tried by the formes | sed barefooted and blindfolded over | nine hot glowing ploughthares, or wore | v burning irons in | | | aneient * adjudged i bodies were not born: 1 . and if after putting their bar arms or legs into scalding watsr thev came out unhurt, thay were taken to be innocont of the erime impyted to them 1t was suppoied that God would, by ths me ce of man,.exe power in favor of the innocen It aid this method of trial opened the door to corruolion, and thet con- vicifons were hard to get. It was con- demned by the Lateran Council of 1215 prohibited in England by writ ad- dressed to certain itinerant justices in | 1219, A man of good repu clrar hinsell by stances of grave suspicion or previo bad character would drive the defend- ant to stand trial by ordeal. i The trial by battle was applied to | cases of a civil nature. It was a Nor- ] man institution. The litigants to the | cause enzaged in combat in the pres- | enc2 of the judges, Heaven being ap- | pealed to to give the ory to him who | Trial by battle was | not abnlished in England until 1819, ! In later years, waen in a criminal! cas> the accused was arraigned. might soloet the mode of trial cither by Cod and his country, that is. by jury. or by God only, that is. by ordeal. H Originally juries werz called in. not to h-ar, but to give, evidence. They | were the neighbors of the parties and | to know when thev | came into court the facts about which they were to testify. They were chosen | by the sheriff to represent the neigh- | borhood. The verdict was the sworn testimony of the country-side By slow degrees the jury acquired a new character. Sometimes when the jurors knew nothing of the facts, wit- | nesses who did know the facts would | be called in to suppiy the requisite in- | formation. They bscame more and | more dependent on the evidence given | in their pressnce by thase witnesses who were summoned .by the parties In the fifteenth century the change . had taken place, though in yet latcr | | days. a man who had been summoned | as a juror and sought to cscape on the ground that he already knew something of the facts might be toid that he had | given a very good rcason for his being | placed In the jury box It may well be said, therefore, that trial by jury, though it had its roots in | the Frankish inquest, grew up on Eng- lish soil. Early in the reign of Henry IV evi- dence was required to be given at the bar of the court, and the modern prac- tice or method of jury trials had ite origin. i At present the jury is composed of | persons who are unacquainted with the facts, but are informed in regard to them by the testimony introduced in thetr presence. They decide, not from | what they know of the case. but from the evidence furnished by those who have testified as to the facts was deciared by the Supreme Court of the United States, in an opin- ian delivered nearly 100 vears ago, that “the trinl by jury is justly dear to the American people. It has always been an object of desp interest and solicitude. and every encroachment upon it has been watched with great Jealousy. * * * One of the strong- est objections originally taken agatin the Constitution of the United Stat was the want of an express provision securing the right of trial by jury in cvil cas™ As soon as the Constitu- tion was adopted this right was se- cured by the seventh amendment of the Constitution proposed by Congr and which recelved an assent of the poople so gencral as to esiablish its importance as & fundamental guaran- tee of the rights and liberties of the people.” In equity and in equitable proceed- ings, including contempt procecdmgs and certain ‘other summary and minor ! hearings, the trials are usually conduct- ed by the court alone | In the United States the function of | the Jury is to determine the facts of | the case, nnd generally in criminal cases to render a verdict of guilty or not guiliy. and In civil cases to And for the pluntiff or the defendant. The | decision of points of law 1s by the judge. | In o trial Without a jury the judge de- cides both the law and the facts, and moall el trials, in the absence of statute, he may set aside all verdiets of | Jurtes. or dispose of civil and eriminal | uestions of About the only thing a (rial judg= of | today cannot lawully do is to set aside or fgnote the verdict of not guilty ven- dered by a ey anoa eriminal case WILLIAM MEYERHOFPF v v - | 1t ANSWERS TO QUES BY FREDER Have we had the pleasure of serving | you through our Washington Informa- tion Bureau? Can't we be of some nelp to you In your daily problems? Our business is to furnish you with a | thoritative information, and we in you to ask us any question of fact in which you arc interested. Send vour inquiry to The Evening Star Informa- tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin. Di- recior, Washington, D. Inelose 2 ccnis in stamps for return postage. Q How did Bud Fisher happen to invent_Mutt and Jeff?—F. A. A. On November 13, 1907, a cartoon comic strip appeared in a San Fran- | cireo newspaper portraying the race- track adventure of A, Mutt. Mr. Fisher had bren attending the races. He iched men tearing around to lav down brts, and decided to draw a com- posite type of man and make a series [nl cartoons showing hiz experiences at the racez. This produced A. Mutt Soon afterward he added Jeff as a com- panion of Mutt. Q. On what tree does mistletoe grow?—@. T, A. Apple, thorn, maple, poplar, locust, linden, and occasionally oak. will fur- | nish a home for the mistietoe parasite Is the Hudson River East R r?—A. A. R. he Hudson River and the East are two distinct strea a port . “The Hudson named the North River in order to di-tinguish it from the Delaware or South River. Who B. H o invented logarithma?— "A. John Napl ived in the carl; s usunily regarded as who a Scotchma 1 it the of one of ti T 19 grow on 2 Oher iite next seas &t ionally both s o season. usually one ar and the other the nvent- The earliest mention of what are n today as Iead pencils appears ords dating back to 1565. This wes shortly after the discovery of the noted graphite mine at Borrowdale Engiand. which furnished the materizl for the first penci Q What American city is particu- d for its inventors?—T. A. O. The first United States patent nted to a descendant of a Conn., miller. The second w: granted to a resident of Waterbury, and 1C ). HASKIN. Q. What are the symptoms of moun- tain sickn~rs7--P. P. C. A. As first effects of-gnoxaemis, or mountain kness, the skin become” rather dry and the digestive processe: are deranged: then follow lassitude, Jos: of apprtite, \ to all forms o physical effort, and d iness Q. What is the origi ing band?—D. J. A. The custom of wearing a black band on the coat slesve in togen of mourning came from England. 1t was introdueed there for Lveried servarts whom it was not thought mecessary to fit out in black uniforms. of the morn- Q. 1Is it true that a drowning persor wiil come up three times?—N. M, A. Tne Public Health Service say that the popular idea that a drow persan rize i= apparently tneo never come to the some struggle to times. Q Wiy ernment purchase of tne piane her_trip ¢ | Mexicn. "to include plancs commereial pl. ible into mi Q. Are women seasickness than m the Four Hor supposcd 10 For whom wa: the Wal Wash named?— Q. Med ordinary fever were spread by the oites quitoes. In recogn bution to menkind th Washingion was g! the number of patents now issued to | people of that city is about double what might be expected from the population. | ¢ . What animels bosides the bear hib-rnate in Winter’—D. R Among the mammals whicl brrnaie are the dormous and hamster. A number are inc plete hibernators. &s the prairie doz and squirrel. Q. How many kinds of grasses are there?-—-W. A. T. A. There are about 6.000 distinc: sprcles of graszes in the world. Of these about 60 are important cu plants. | bi E - Prizes Blamed for Faiiure Of Wilson Essay Coniesiants | Introspection, | work of the sort must be founded States, | could ‘qualify as contestants, but thev Many opinions have been expressed as to the reason why the capital prizes were not awarded in the Wilson essay competition under the auvcpicss of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation. It seems most generally assumcd, however. that genius cannot b inspired to superlative effort by cash oers. “More good things. of greater or sherter length, will bs written about Wilson. It is not likely that they wi be produced in competitions for & money prizc” asecris the Newark Ev ning News Profess.onal writers pre- fer to choose their own topies. They know too much about the business of writing to underestimate the difficulty of threshing over old straw and ducing something they would care to sign. on & man about whom so muc has boen written and whose place history cannot yet be exacily de- termined. " “To offer & monetary reward for the study of Mr. Wilson.” according to the Charlestdn Daily Mail, “sounds peeul- wr. If Mr. Wilson was the kind of man he was supposed to be by his friends and even admitted to be aany who could not agree entirely w his tdeas, what he stood for needs no such tricks As this method of keeping his name before the public” The Munice Sfar states: “In this conu: tion 1t may be said that the prize offers for novels that have been features of the book-publishing business for several years have not developed anything at all remarkable in the way of fiction’ ‘It is undentable.” afirms the Boston Transcript, “that the methods of the prize competition are unfavorable Lo the production of either the best writng or the best thinking. A ghtteriag prive 18 waved in the air. Thousands say Go to; 1 will win that” The prize. rather than the subject. oms The condition does not really tnspire. Tt may even deaden or stitte the deliberate thought, the ripened judgment, the calm, one may almost say the casval upon which the bes The Brooklyn Daily Eagle offers the judgment that “Woodrow Wilson is too big. his ach'svements loom too large to permit a division of attsntion i ap- Prafsing them between subject and a money award.™ LR “There are probably two or th hundied men oF women fn the U says the Columbia Record. “who would not attempt to do the job with. out dropping all_ other tasks for ot | least six weeks, Academic tales whieh | may be turned out in the space of an { hour and which are faulty in diction and ordinary in construction and rea- soning fail o receive any mare atiens ton than they mertt.” A question as to the character cssay demanded is ratsed by the L ville Tunes. “The contest was con dueted. and the extremely liberal prise affered.” remarks that paper, by an | OrEANIEALION Decessatily partisan as o My, Wikson A natial - coneluston when 1t made 1t after, stthoush Oy CONCINION may have deen entively wis taken WARESE WAS not S0 mueh an appraial AL admiration of Mi. Wikon, wot s | MUl analysis as hero worship. The iden coukt not have appeated expeciatly 10 young people who wake a pamt of | dotng their own (hinking At any rate 1o would not be surprising o larn that What most of the contestants subiitted WERe mMore or loss Iavish encomims allacy Is Charged In Gerard Campaign From the Prooyiience Buening Butietin Mr James W, Gerard. our former Ambassador to Clermany, takes excep- ton to the administeation s acceptance of Mouhtar Hey as Turkish Ambas- sador (o the Untted States bocause, he alleges, (his Turkish diplomat was tesponsible for certain Avmentan atrocities 1 (he veads limediately following the Workt War ammistice which the Ambasador denies, 0 aes copt My Gerands viewpamt would AMount (o ncerfering 1n the domestic alfuivs of Turkey, Such poliey, ot course, I8 unthinkabl Eien if we were (o Adopt sueh a policy, 1 ought o be ap plied ta the T |k4~hrnw| ament itaelf Which would mean diplomatic olation I Was that what the toundatian | g from Turkey rather thaiy v one of its Chonens Tepresentatives er———————————— " Roapd of Trade. e isa member of thy American Instliute of Blectrioal Bugl- noers, the hanorary soelety Tau Reta | ¢ Phownd of & number of ather electvioal | b and sefonttio odies “He s oa membor of the Lotes Olub New York: the Motiopolitan Olu Washingtan, and the Tdian Haroy Naeht Ol af Greenwioh, Conn - His BOme 15wt Bronaville, Westoheatel Oounty, MY and he has o Sumimer &!‘t‘“~ AL Walden Wooads (heenaich U0 @, FRANKLIN WISNER, 1 v Wilon's eareer wemary of the American people WORUE e oF By & politival op. v and we can !\!“ Cnent resuls haps we wmust leave W anal ALoN (e LAl of waits The outstanding events in Woodiow Ale 00 fresh i the w he opinion of the Seattle Daily Times, ‘to be judged impartiatly. Not vet can he people as & whole divest theie wings | of political partisanship i appraisi Vs deeds and his idvals No estimate | Lol s savior 10 the country Would be | bay Avoeptabile Lo the Nation if weitten by & | PARERL Mooty of events s ‘«\M\‘Ih\l‘ 1 Aoy teoede It the past As we ATAW AWAY We aet & betler pergpective @ Actions by \wnm | . P the Mo Do never Visits Mugbe be doosi ,ing the perfec ! Wilson.™ a t Wilson's ideals a pased to appeal t toward all UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Fen Yowrs Aza Todav, hosen for another corps avis e front. Amers hine, aceams A and French oen congplete elbaate wan siek. Largest drug order ever made w Eng- and fust placed by the A & F ¢ The anly wounded men who will be re- turned 18 the ted States will be thave Who 1t 18 determined are patma- W'Y Wil fr Army setvica. 4 e e SUDS ATE TG o the Tban Cand Bth sides ABPMY BTeat 8es n Doseouiing operations. $ * O BGsh wWin chsasviient near Cambral and retake & e Rt on Stwday. Qermans making y viids deapute very cold weather, e s Qermans suspeid peace patley and RusiAns are now reported proparing o TN WHIATY operations. | Deesded SOek 1o Teutons 1o fad the Balsbeviky ‘han‘ e eas ol thewr own adout, e th B Real Rliss, R ) Fiam e Burehn 0alE Y Buahalth Taes o \;‘m |“l‘:mw Ahout A Tive-day woek. | A Bvesday week e would sweely PIOve poputa " .. Pradenes, Perhaps, © (Al Mesakt A press agent t'a':n of & leeturer that * same ity wiee e