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THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASRINGTON, D.C. THURSDAY.....January 5, 1928 TBEDDOBE W. NOYES... .l‘.dflor The Eunlng fll-r \ev)rsp-per (nmuny Business O 11th St and Pennsvivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicage Ofice, Tower Bulldine European Office’ 14, Recent' St London. Enstand | Rate by Carrier Within the City. | The Evening Star yer month | The Evening and S star (when 4 Sundave e per monih e Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays)... .e5c The, Surday Star Collection made at the rnd « f mth TR 1o aent 8y mail er telephans Main 5000, Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. ay menth oy All Other States -nd (‘nnndn Daile and Sunday 1 vr €1 Daily only Lyr. i <800 1 .. Sunday only .. I1wr S100° 1 mo Member of the Associated Press. The Associnted Prose jo to the e far Tepubication f w1l news dis: matchae cedited 1o it or not atherwisn ored 7 thic maner s alen tha o xebrsienls o il ANl richte of nublication | dienatehes hewsin ane also reservad Thlished O eneeial Abandon Lump-Sum Experimen& Th2 lump-sum appropriation practice should be abandoned. and the definite proportion payment plan, on the 60-40 ratio, in accordance with the substan- | tive law of 1922, should b~ automatically | restored. for many reasons. The lump-sum payment plan is un- | sound and vicious in principle when applied to the peculiar relations of | national and local partners in the Na- tional Capital partnership. It destroys the unrepresented impotent partner's safeguard against excessive and unjust exaction of contributions for Capital upbuilding by the all- powerful national partner. Tt teaches a false and hurtful theory concerning the relation of Nation to Capital. | It taints with unfairness or bad | faith many of the agreements, or understandings which it touches. For example: (1) Born under the auspices of the Holman rule, it causes that rule to facilitate repudiation of legal and Just obligations and to invite and tempt to such repudiation; (2) in appropria- tion of the District's accumulated tax surplus it caused only maimed, crippled end half-portion equity to be dome: (3) in appropriations for Park Commis- sion uses it threatens t¢ turn an in- tended and expected blessing into a curse; (4) it paralyzes all great proposed improvements and loans for such im- provements by creating reasonable dis- trust whether the national partner will not exact every cent of payment for primarily national or semi-nationa! projects from the impotent local part- ner, the District taxpayers; (5) it taints with bad faith and hurtful injustice the new organic act of 1922, and (6) it has caused by its vicious influence the final appropriation for the parkway connec- tion between Potomac and Rock Creek Parks to be made solely from District tax money in violation of every prin- eiple of equity. There are no offsetting benefits to the injustices inflicted by the Jump-sum payment practice. All the predictions of evil concerning it have been 100 per cent fulfilled. Not one of the bemefits promised for it has been enjoyed. These contentions are elaborated in editorial correspondence, of which the first article is printed elsewhere in to- day's Star. Transatlantic Dirigible Service. 1t is announced that a dirigible air- £hip is now nearing completion at How- den, England, that is designed for transatlantic passenger service. This is described as the largest ever built, hav- ing a gas capacity of five million cubic feet, with motors capable of four thou- sand two hundred horsepower and with sccommodations for one hundred pas- sengers. It is expected that it will be eapable of making the flight from Lon- don to New York in forty-eight hours. ‘The managing director of the corpora- tion which is building this giant sir- ship 15 soon to sail for New York to complete arrangements for the first fight of the Rio, which will prob- ably take place early in the Bpring. The successful airplane flights across the Atiantic last Summer gave s great stimulus to the plans for regular trans- atiantie passenger service by air. The | achievements of Lindbergh, Chamber- 1in and Byrd did not in themselves ad- vance commercial oceanic flying, for it is recognized that the practical aerial passenger service must be on a larger scale than by the heavier-than-air ma- chine as it is now developed or con- templated. The dirigible alone can carry enough passengers to make such an enterprise economically feasible. Yet, the dirigible, with ita’ great bulk, offering & large resistance srea to the | winds, is not viewed with any high de- | gree of confidence for scheduled opera- | tion, and % be a practical success transocesnic service must be regular and not intermittent. The first flight of the Rio will evoke | the keenest interest, for it may demon- | strate the degree of dependability of | e Governor of New York that soft- dirigible service,. ‘The fare will be | sbout 8600, which is rather nigh. But it 38 W be borne In mind that forty- #Ight-hour sexvice between Lhe (WO CAD" | yuyy professed an ardent admiration stals, separated by sbout 3,000 miles. is. [lur Gov. Bmith, in 1ts leading editorial after wll, & luxury and must be Pald | a0y o the governor's message Y the for wecordingly mm,olol-nqohn.olem flsmvlw.heuplmwm Agnin the question arises, will the name of “Santa Claus” get him anywhere? The kindly, fat saint of Christmas day, beloved of the children, runs & pretty | to dodge the issue. race with his reindeer, but what can | he do in an election? When young Connors finds the girl of his dreams, will she regard him as a veritable Santa Claus, able and will- | ing to pour riches at her feet, or will | of his opp she be content to marry just a hard- | working fellow trying his best to live dewn his first two names? | One thing, and one thing only, is| sure in relation to the little Fall River boy—when he grows to man’s estate, and can do as he pleases, he will sign his name S. C. Counors, and let it go | at thnt —omo The Whole Triangle Tsken Although fully expected, the passage yesterday by the Senate of the bill to authorize the purchase by the Govern- ment of the entire Mall-Avenue tri- angle for use as Federal building siles affords a thrill of satisfaction at the virtual accomplishment of a project that has been pending for many years. This action does not quite perfect the legislative procedure. inasmuch as the Senate has amended the bill as already passed by the House, but the concur- rence of the latter body in the change is confidently expected, and it is alto- gether likely that in a few days the measure will be laid before the Presi- dent for his approyal, which undoubt~ edly will be given. This bill authorizes an appropriation of $25,000,000 for the purchase of all privately owned property in the area bounded by Pennsylvania avenue, the Mall, Fourteenth street and the Botanic ‘Garden including the square occupied by the Southern Railway, which has here- tofore been excepted. The western base of the triangle, extending from Pennsyl- vania avenue to the Mall between Four- teenth and Fifteenth streets, is already the property of the Government, having been acquired about two decades ago. Had the entire triangle been‘taken then the cost to the Government would have been much less than it will now be. This lapse of time, however, has not been altogether a waste, for in the meantime a broader and more satisfac- tory plan of building emplacement and design has been evolved and adopted. and the result in terms of Federal con- struction is certain to be more satis- | factory than if the triangle had been taken as a whole at the time the “five- square site” was acquired. ‘With this legislation effected it will be possible to treat the triangle as a unit, in some measure to ignore street lines and to unite now existing squares into larger areas. It will likewise be possible to proceed with the broad building plan without other delay than the initial progcedure of purchase or condemnation. While that process is under way the two bulldings for which foundations are now being dug, those | for the Internal Revenue Bureau and the Department of Commerce, will be | under construction. Presumably by the | time title is secured to the entire space the building program will have reached the point at which other units of the Government's housing outfit will have been planned and brought to the point of actual work. Thus the pros- pect is that within two years other erec- tions will be in progress than those which are now in the first stages. With the entire triangle in Govern- ment ownesship it will be possible to proceed with the development at the eastern end of the connection between the Capitol-Station Plaza and Potomac Park by means of a boulevard which will reach Pennsylvania avenue at the northwestern corner of the Botanic Garden. A great transformation will take place. Much disfiguring material | will be swept away and the Capital will | then begin to assume its proper aspect. Remains now to be made provision for the District’s municipal center, plans for which have been tentatively | drawn, to occupy the space now rough- ly delimited as lying between Pennsyl- vania, Indiana and Louisiana avenues, Third street and Sixth street, The tak- | ing of all the remaining private prop- erty in the triangle by the Govern- ment, including the Southern Rail- way Building, definitely prevents | any expansion of the District's munici- | pal headquarters, and makes imperative | | the provision of such a center on ample ground as has been proposed. Legis- | lative action to this end at the present session i necessary if this work, 50 vi- tally important to the District’s wel- fare, is to proceed in zeason. 1 lesson yet to be learned in world | affairs is that there are few diplomatic | blunders more dangerous than that of seriously irritating the United States | Marines. - v ooes The Governor's Dilemma. Uncompromising wets in the Demo- cratic party will not be satisfied with anything short of a definite declaration by Gov. Alfred E. Bmith against the eighteenth amendment and all its works, It uppesrs, Any statement from pedals the wet and dry Issue, or seems | to avold the issue, will be resented “The New York World, which has | Blate Legisiature, reflects the displeas- ] The statement that mother enjoys fiying destroys hope that “Lindy” will come 1o earth and devow | himselt to industrial details of avie- on. The maternal infuence is stronger | then public senUment, B Senta Claus Connors. Because ‘he was born on Christmas ey, hie parents, Mro end Mrs. Williem | Connors of Fall River, Mass, numed bim Banta Claus Bo Banta Claus Connors is distinetly more Lhan & neme registered wt the ety elerk’s office The wegglsh nstinets of humsmty | thus come e thelr own, but one wonders what will happen W Mr. Sants | Claus Connors when he grows up. Hix perents will pot be sble W call him “Junior,” for bis father's neme i Wil- Mam: the question remains, will they dare W call him “Benty’ Fioture the littie fellow when w schosl Die playmates soresm. Sendy Claws!’ “Al't, neil he goes ole | ure of the wets because the governor Lindbergh's | saw fit 1o say, “In the mesnwhile, | there devolves upon the Blate the sa cred duty of sustalning the elghteenth amendment and the Volstead law ™ “Ihe one point,” says the World, “at | which he (Gov, Bmith) touches upon | an issue of nationsl consequence & in his discussion of the eighteenth umend- | ment. And b that point, we regret to | wamit, he talis not ke Alfred K Bmith but like the con onsl politician | There s no use disguising 1t ¢ ¢ ¢ | What be hins 1o say I8 what he has heen | warned that 1t fs expedient W say In | the nomnuting convention It 1s apparent that the World has n doubt of the candidacy of Goy. Alfred K Bmith for the Democratic presiden- tiel pomination. Otherwise 1t could scurcely have been led into (he use of | such language ! and East. | the United States, whatever his per- | |law enforcement he only gives expres- | | A studtous work of phrase polite, | Or else a message erudite | And merely murmurs, order W placate the dry Demociats s | THE EVENING this year. With one great group in his party wet and another dry, the gover- nor has a task before him that might well try the resources of the most able politiolan that ever lived. It does not appear probable that he will be able If he does he wili lose some of his strength in the North ‘There is nothing in his mes- wage to the State Legislature whic shows him to be friendly to the cause of prohibition. Indeed, there is indication ition to the measure, which | was “rushed” to ratifica- tion in 1919, Yet the mere declara- | tion of the governor in favor of law enforcement while the amendment and the Volstead law remain intact is criti- cized as “trimming.” This eriticlsm of the governor does | not appear fair. As the chief executive of New York State, he is sworn to up- hold the Constitution and the laws of | he declare beliefs regarding any part of If he asserts the need of | sonal those laws sfon to a need which is admitted by the wets themselves, although they say | that the law cannot be enforced. R Lindy Bumps the Bumps. | Lindbergh writes that he found the going botween San Salvador and Tegucigalpa, Honduras, where he ar- rived yesterday, the roughest in all his career in the air. For about a quarter of an hour, when he was passing over the mounta:ns, he was thrown into a series of bumps and jerks that tossed him about in the cabin until his head hit the roof. This rough air, he ex- piains, was caused by a north wind| striking air blowing from another direc- tion, creating a series of freakish cur- rents. Once upon a time, he notes, these currents were erroncously called “air pockets.” When the plane passes through one current it sinks into a second and drops, so suddenly that the passenger = levitated abruptly. In some instances pilots and passengers have been tossed elear out of their planes by these abrupt descents unless they are strapped in by safety belts. This remarkable young man, who is rated as one of the best flyers who ever took off from the ground, goes on to say, in his account of the trip, that “the plane was not difficult to handle under these conditions, and really no denger exists in them for the experi- enced pilot.” There is exactly the point of the whole matter of flying. Experi- ence is necessary. But sometimes the fiyer is put out of commission while gaining that experience. What Lind- bergh has in mind in this comment undoubtedly is that the flyer who does not take needless chances, who studies his way, who “feels” his ship at all times, need not be upset by the unseen inequalities of the air currents. Ex- perience, plus skill! B By waiting till after Christmas for their revision of cost, several motor manufacturers thereby avoided the temptation to deliv-= cars free to writ- ers of “letters to Santa Claus.” —_— An archeologist who digs up mummies is enlightening and not so troublesome as one who insists on digging up blue laws. e el Capital punishment 1s all wrong, de- clares Clarence Darrow, but an effort t prevent it must, in many instances, be well capitalized, —_———— The expert nfortician who preserved King Tut for modern attention is per- haps entitled to a little more sclentific | credit than he is receiving. B Even the statement, “I do not choose,” is not permitted by statesmanship to enable President Coolidge to look like an innocent bystander. e Bkating on more or less thin ice as- | serts itself in Washington, D. C., as & physical as well as a political pastime. S S— port achievement puts | on a vludevllle that is remarkable for Jittle cxupl the size of the salary. B An agreement to abandon war should | be fortified by an agreement to keep | axrecmmts B SHOOTIN 6 STARB BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Poem. Of course, & poem ought to be | A thought where fancy revels free, And sometimes it's a simple thing Which sounds with colloquiai ring A greeting old, yet ever new, “Howdy do!" ‘Th: words which swiftly reach the heart Do not depend on subtle art Nor gifts for information clear They show that friendship sull draws near ‘To hope that all with you Is well Wherever you may toil or dwell 80 here’s a “poem,” friend, for you ‘Three syliables, just “Howdy do!” Technique of Affability. “Everybody shakes hands in January,” “Yes," wnswered Henulor Borghum s good exercise. Some of us states men are strongly templed to limit thetr culture to physical culture” Bouree of Inspiration, Broadeasting 1s an enterprise Which oeeupies the mind that's Most of 1ts mrt appears Lo be Hent out from station ADV. wise, Jud Tunking says you can't get any- thing off your mind merely by speaking o, Three or tour words may siart the arguinent of w Wfetime Frank Disclosure, “I told my husband exactly what 1 thought of Bim," sald Henrietta “Berved him right,” commen | Zenohin Jenking “No. As a matier of fact, | mmh‘ very woll of him 1 have rendered him hopelessly concelted od Mins | “No mun,” sald B Ho, the sage of | Chinatewn. “goes b0 tar wiong wh he one who dnvariably Jnsiste that he | right.” Among the Bpeculators Lo save my money 1 Wl try Wihien traveling 1 go " Perbiaps 1l have enough Lo buy What the World has o say only goes “Here comes Banta Cleus!” | Lo show the groat diculty which Goy, ! Snith faces If he reslly 15 Lo be & con- Ve, utngr o e msl'}flyml HOmIRRUOn ik e 0 1y ‘em propens’ A ticket to & show. STAR | limits proper set | uous to our borders. | ing of Latin American politics to rec- | curing support. by enticements of loot. | Justification of outside intervention by \SHINGTON, D. O, THURSDAY, JANUARY THIS AND THA']‘ ‘What the compensations of mod- ern life for the loss of the space and quiet of the old-time living? In the old days—and they were not 50 long ago —~men had more elbow room, as it were, both In the matter of land and homes. Even city crowding had falled to limit homes to elghteen-foot lots, and there were Scol of houses In eity in grounds that al- lowed children plenty of space to play Life then gave the effect of more space in which to move and breathe, This was particularly noticeable inside the homes themselves, with thelr huge windows, high cellings, and mighty halls. As for the matter of quiet, the one item of the automobile alone has spelled the difference between peace and quiet and eternal turmoil. In ad- dition. there are wwrnl other factors such as radios and “partles,” which have added materially to the increase of constant noise, especlally in the citie: ‘The good old habit of “going to bed with the chickens" is not feasible any more, in many sections, simply on ac- count of the neighbors, who insist on ag up until midnight or there- after, and, equally, on making plenty of noise until their own retirement. * ok ok x It must be asked, therefore, by peo- ple of keen sensibilitics, what ‘are some of the compensations which help make up for the loss of beautiful quiet and wonderful space? One would not in- clude the factor of vista, although he might like to do so. In the old days, more of us had a chance to live in places where hills, trces, streams clouds, greeted the beholder. Today too many are confined, by economic neeessity, to live in communities that have no vista whatever, with only a few trees, or none, without views, in the real sense of that word, in any direction. There are several however, for all this, and it is well to keep them in mind. They are, as far as we can see, four in number: 1. Electricity. 2. Modern plumbing. 3. Modern heating. 4. Franker knowledge. ‘When one thinks of modern living in terms of the electric light, he is in- clined to feel that here one has some- thing real, definite and solld with which to balance any loss from previ- ous ages. What a gift Thomas A. Edison gave mankind when he presented it with his first crude carbon light! Surely this is the supreme invention of this miracle worker. (We believe he has said =0 himself.) Certainly the elec- tric light, in its various forms, has added immeasurably to living. ‘The writer vividly recalls when “elec- tric lights” first came to his home town. They superseded the oil lamps, with their constant drudgery and care. The electric lights were either on long cords or on ugly sorts of chandeliers, he for- gets which. ‘There were no shades over the bulbs, which glared with naked simplicity upon the just and the unjust alike, as did Portia’s “gentle rain.” Yet the common-sense of every home owner rec- compensations, | BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, And slill today one is inclined to ex- claim “Ah!” ‘The wonder of the elec- tric lights in business and home does not. ceuse, but has ever grown, with in- crensed efficiency end heauty of lights and fixtures, Slowly but surely and enhaneing the convenience and power of the lights, we are getting back to the soft radiance of the old-time oll lamps, such as used to sit on the center table. Proper home lighting to- day involves the use of many table and floor lamps, with soft shades to diffuse the lght. Properly used, the electri: light. 15 the best and most artistic form of lighting the world has known, and surely deserves to be called a compen= =ation for some of the things we miss * koK Modern plumbing and modern heat- ing, these form a utilitarian duo that deserve all the praise that may be given them, for they have made living health- ter and happler, more sanitary and cleanly, better in every way. Only the “small town” man or wom- an can thoroughly appreciate what the furnace and the bathroom mean in the art of daily living. 1t is with these as Ruskin sald of pictures, one may live without them, but not as well. ‘The bathroom and its associated plumbing still wait for the happy poet who will seize the intellectual and humorous sides of sanitation and put them into great vers To have a leashed river home-—1s not this fit subject for epic? If Alexander Pope could get away with a poem on a lock of hair, might not our yet unknown versifier write of the shampoo of some beantiful head? No one can appreciate the modern home heating system, who has not had to carry wood from the woodshed when the snow was four feet deep, or who has not tried to keep two or three drum stoves busy at once. These latter heated a few rooms. leaving the remainder cold as Green- land, the official comparion for in- tensity of cold in the old days. Up- stairs bedrooms commonly were colder than outdoors. It was no wonder they went in for feather beds! Modern furnaces have ended all that, with their equitable distribution of heat, and but one central “stove” to watch. ‘This, surely, is one of the compensa- tions of which we speak. * ok kK Franker knowledge, many will be- lieve, is one of the true benefits of this day and age. There always has begn knowledge, but for too long it was con- fined to the few. Today there grows a disposition to make knowledge ac free as air, limited only by the desire of the aspirant for it. This tendency permeates all ranks of society, both educational and other- wise. Today children know more than the children of twenty, thirty or forty years ago did. Although there may be some disaster attending this diffu- slon, in the end it will tend to a saner, better citizenship. “By the truth no man was ever yet hurt,” runs the wise saying; and most of us, in our better moments, must ad- mit this. To look life frankly and honestly is better than to skulk before life. This attitude, we are convinced, is one of the compensa- while retaining in one's ognized their worth and utility. To be able to have light at the touch—ah! ‘When s a battle not a symptom of war? Is it when half a dozen Ameri- can soldiers are killed and 30 others seriously wounded? When no war has been declared by Congress, the only | constitutional authority to declare war? ‘The Government decides to add a thousand reinforcements to the front, yet we are not at war with Nicaragua. These may r as impertinen: queries in the of the Nicaragua hostilities following the recent “success- ful" efforts of former Secretary of War Stimson as special envoy of our Gov- ernment to placate the combatants in that disturbed nation. Yet only critics who have not learned the characteris- tics of Central Americans and become familiar with the incidents of a cen- tury of efforts of the United States to maintain peace and liberty there will jump to conclusions that we have de- parted from our traditional policies and entered upon a course of meddiing with the affairs of independent, sovereign nations—that we have undertaken “dollar diplomacy"” rather than adher- ing to lofty disinterested purposes of to less fortunate republics contig- R It is fundamental to an understand- ognize that in all countries of Centra! and South America, whese Latins dom- inate, the political parties are not ex- pressive of differences in political prin- ciples. but are entirely personal in their organizations and support. The tradi- tional means of showing dissatisfaction with elections is to start revolutions, se- Buch revolutions are not ordinarily forelgn nations. It is the right of mi- norities to revolt if they so desire, and it 18 not the right of a forelgn govern- ment to stop such revolutions—never- theless, forelgn governments may pro- tect the safety of the lives and prop- erty of thelr own nutionals in case local hostilities are prolonged unreasonably or carried on ruthlessly. In 1907 President Roosevelt induced all five Central American republies to | come in conference to Washington, and lxl re enter into m mutual agreement not to recognize any president of any Cen- tral American country who had reach- ed power through armed force. Alo the agreement was to maintain the ex- isting boundaries of all such countrios against aggression elther of nelghbors or other forelgn powers ‘That connection with our Monr yet, in principle, it broadened and lo- calized that doctrine by upplylig its exsential principle of integrity of exist ing governments and boundaries in Central America The United States Government, destring to let Oengral | America realize 1ts own independence, i not slgn that agreement, but adopt ed (s principles as our own polley, nov- erthelens, L B We have Intervened in & tions I five outatanding ¢ out in the slightest running contrary to that policy. We intervened to atop the Spanish oppresston in- Cubi. not to uvenge the sinking of the Malne fn Havans Har- bor, but to establish peace in the nelgh boring 1sland, whose Tong and cruel war wis o disturbing to our own seeurity and pence Th wetting rid of Hpnin stipulated that Cuba should pind herself (o our dictation tn certain mattors, such ma maintaining peace and wandtation, and refraining trom ever peomitting any other couniry to gain a foothald upon her teiritory, and never to contrnel n forelgn debt whieh eould nob e met, ws o interest and stnking fund, by her normsl revenues Au stated by Chnrles Oheney Hyde, pnfessor of nternational lnw and for mer sollelbor of our Btate Dopartment “Hy e foregolng provisions, Cobi ts beteved 10 hinve mecordod the status of | Haitd, with a similar appeal A dependoncy under the proteotion of e Onited Hintes " Under that provision, the United Atates fntervened twive In Caba, with view o mnintalning adoquats for the purg therein L A In 1003 dhe United Btates undertook tions for the loss of blessed quiet and the sense of space. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. and sanitation according to American standards. any federation or into any other gov- ernment, that cannot subvert the rights of the United States in any particular. Prof. Hyde remarks: “By so doing, it relinquished, with respect to such m: ters, its independence.” Yet all we prof- it is national self-defense against dis- ease or disorder. In 1907 the Dominican Republic ap- pealed to the United States to aid it in its financial bankruptcy and help rein- state order where murderous anarchy prevalled. So we sent troops and cus- toms collectors and after some years we brought peace and financial soundness where they had not previously existed. We withdrew after stipulating that hereafter that government shall not borrow without the advice and consent of the United States. Sagys Prof. Hyde: “By the foregoing provision it is be- lieved that the Dominican Republic ac- cepted the protection of the United States for the period of the receivership 10 years, with a possible renewal of 10 more, . This required American naval (x‘cupllmn but the Dominican bonds were put upon a sound basis and order was established.” Almost the same conditions applied in to the United States. And finally the same situation arrived in Nicaragua. In all cases the United States waited for the legal authorities of the involved coun- try to appeal for our aid and in no cas have we, as a Nation, profited from our intervention beyond the benefits of maintaining peace at our threshold and preserving what rights we already held therein o protect the lives and property of our nationals, inclusive of the prop- erty of our Government, in Panama and | Nicaragua, connected with existing or prospeative interoceanic canals, and by our.own action avoiding Exropean men- aces against our Monroe Duoctrine in territorial aggression. LR Our action in Nicaragua came only after repeated appeals from American investors and from England and France for protection against the bandit revo- lutionists. France had announced her intent to send a warship to protect her nationals if we failed to do so. ‘There 8 no question as to the legality of the election of President Diaz, the United States and all other nations, ex- cept Mexico, have recognized his status i President, and he Joined with the appenls of forelgn nations that the United States should tntervene to main- tain order and defend lives and invest- ments of forelgners. President Diag conceded that he could not guarantee t security against the Liberal rebels. it r ‘uml of Prestdent Dinx would not in itself have authorized our inter- vention, for rebels have a legal right to ussert and maintain their grievances As Hyde puts 1t: A revolution or civil war within the domain of particular state may be n source of grave concern to @ nelghboring poy Ita commerce may be ad: ely affected, its burden of abatalning from participation may be heavy, its abligation as a neutval (n case the Insurgents are tecognized as belligerents) may be exacting and oner- ous. Nevertheless, the fight for the relng of government 15 not in tself in- tornationally wrongful. Until the con- duet of hostilities, by reason of the mode or place of operation or through some other clreumatances, menaces the sufely of the outalde state, or otherwise directly interferes with the exereise by I of pome definite vight which should be respected, no ground for interven- ton I appurent. Prior, therotore, to such s time. intervention (o asalst Mppresing of alding the revolution muat on prineiple lack juitifieation ¢ is the situation legally altered by reason of the fact that intervention OCOUES 1 PUEBIANICE Of @ LFealy oF KUAr- anty, or that sueh action 15 1 response (0 an fnvitation from either party to the confliet Forelgn interferonce, howsoever thvoked, 1s necessarily divect od ngatnat 0 portion of the population of & forelgn state and s (s & denial af 1y VENE Lo engage i oF suppress & rovolution, or of employing it B elaln o acguire the go I the present case, we are i Nio araguw by reason of the agreement of both parties the legal goverment and [ L ainnton and malntain the Republie of Panama, which had granted (o the lmllm Hinten, by i " Pa‘mmlty nly the Canal %o the right “ioches habh wings,” said Unels @ m o s o be & good sport and bl and reaponsibiity 1o palios the entive domainof runumn, I ease 1y own government falled b0 IiIntal ordes " Moyl the revolters who mutually agreed to W Goe wnd lald down thelr arms all exvept Clan, Handino, an alleged Mexi- oan autlaw, bandis and “soldier of for huu, tovmerly ! Neutenant of the Aealogis bandiv We wie bound W B | w in the face | If Panama ever enters into | | tution does not place a | For a long perfod Mormo | to by OUR UNSPOKEN CREED. BY GLENN FRANK. President of Univoraity, of Wisconsin and Wormer Editor of the Century Magazine Most of us have two creeds in poli- ties and religion We have a spoken creed that de- scribes what we think we believe. We have an unspoken creed that de- termines what we actually do. The unspoken créed is more Impor- | tant than the spoken creed Since one of the fundamental issues of my time Is the new-old assault on democracy, 1 have given many hours to a study of the underlying philoso- hy of democracy. 1 have accumu- ated on my bookshelves and in my files & very comprehensive literature on the nature and aims of democrac; Prom that literature 1 ha able to compile a clear and comprehen- sive statement of democracy’s spoken erced; and that spoken creed is an in- spiring and challenging thing. No won- der that millions were easily stirred to | fight to make the world safe for democracy. . But when one journeys from the tibrary to the legislature, the contrast between the spoken creed and the un- spoken creed of democracy is disillu- sioning. The next great advance in the per- (i5 of Hebr been | DId you ever write a letter to Fred eric J. Haskin? You can ask him any questioni of fact and get the answer in | e 1 cational idea introdu of the most intelligent people in the world American newspaper It fs a part of that best purpose of a . There 1 no charge .\YHM !ur I | Dire | tion Q. What i5 a A It is a mock s cordant nolses made with horns and such noisem: | sometimes meant to annoy, but often is undertaken in a spirit of fun. Q. Who coined the phrase the mel ing pot?—C. J. | A. It was coined by Israel Zangwill, he dramatist Q. Who was the first person named Jones?—B. J. . It is not possible to say who was nw first person named Jon Jones a Scottish klan name. It is derived |rrum the Christian name John, W v and means fection of the techniques of self-gov- (“Grace of the Lord.” ernment will come from a study, not | of the spoken creed, but of the un-! spoken creed, of democracy. 1t i5 not democracy’s aspirations, but democracy’s actions, that must be our point of departure. Happily, many students of gov ment, like Faguet, Lippmann, Dew Inge, Babbitt, Angell, whose writings are read outside the cloisters of schol- | are dealing with democracy’s | | tours of cou asship, unspoken creed. Here are some of the unspoken be- | licfs that govern democracy's opera- tions The individual government of igno. rant people is a menace to wise au- thority, but a wholesale referendum of ind! thority. Folly, if there is enough of it. some- how becomes, by ballot-box magic, wis- ] N. L D If democracy can win power, the use | dom. of power will somehow take care of itself. If. we multiply wrong conclusions enough times, they become right con- clusions. The voice of the people is the voice of God, whether the people are godlike or_not. 1f we punish people for breaking good laws, we need not concern ourselves ith people who make bad laws. Democracy s just now in a sort of twilight zone between the effective con- quest of power and the effective use of power, but it will never achieve the ef fective use of power as long as it d its time lauding its spoken creed is its unspoken creed that mal what it is. (Conyright o | Arlwle About Called Unfortunate To the Editer of The Star: Q. What 1s m tee of deposits in Lanks?— A In ' How are th A. The continents trie idual judgments is the final au- | Q. Were the women i { favor of sec n or again war and Reconstruction says that in 1861 the formed in all ques- d especial that affected tions of the day *“ burning sectional i in favor event | more un that the Rome. to solicit votes. for office or honor. Q. What is the population of Mex- population of abo A few days ago Mr. Gouid Lincoln, | in an article in The Star. the views of various gr | | Democrats on Gov. for President. One g0 making a wide distinetion b eligibtlity of Gov. Smi*h and his a ability, and that solely on the ground of his religion. Making a distinction between eligibil ity and availability with words. If a man is not ava because of lack of executive ab statesmanship, of personal character, morals or views of life (which include his religion), then he is not eligible on the same grounds. Whi labl 1y oarrier test, n the shape of a religiou. of sane views and personal worth, and that he wid obey the laws and cor:form to the Constitution of ths States. The spirit of the Constitution and the same thing. Di: availabifity can be made only on polit ical grounds since his electi methods of party choice and ing. As to this the Const: nothing to say. In this empty distinction the group which Mr. Lincoln speaks of draws & arallel with the availability of a mem- | r of the Mormon Church. The only | ground on which his avatlability could e questioned. apart from ordinary political reasons and his general char s mere quibbling | United | ANSWERS TO QUESTION BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. 1 604,200 in 1924 and 310.656.314 in 1923. Exports of whisky have been mainly responsible for the increment, having risen in value from $6,189.378 in 1922 ‘;u ‘s‘x,%um,wu in 1925 and $21,080,332 n readers. | Q. How much electricity is mmvd agara Falls in a year—K. A. A. The total annual billion k'lnwl" hours generated at Niagara in Canada 6.7. The total annual billion kilowatt ours generated in Niagara Falls and |used in the United States is 25. Who made the fadeaway baii 57—~R. A. at e is no record of o having used it practical system as yet is the besin system, because ‘more basins cut off As the tide American Q. W‘M' does abbreviation R. 8 and for N. scialist Federaied Soviet Repub- s commonly referred to by its Q. Please give me some information ng the early use of sealing brought ; wax to Europe The Indian wax e n'l ¥ of shellac, colored with n or some other pigment. and been found superior to all White Sea?— ©ame is applied to an arm na. Onega, and Wyg. than half the year. “Ouh.i.s ing “ ar” the Consti- | it tacitly | | presumes he will be a man of integrity. press with rene Ject of “outlawing war of good W n of treaties how far in view of th inter: ar. No matt goal may seem ity of national and siderations. the is that the talk Even if the pa into some time reservations in rec pendence of th fluence of fol for peace ¢ acter, would be on the known attitude | of the Mormon Church toward the law: and Constitution of the Unitra Stat While no one can point the finger of reproach at the Catholic Church. which has consistently proclaimed her adh | ence to the principles of ernment and at no time has refu: uphold the relations between ¢ and state as understood n t try, the same cannot be s Mormon Church, which for m defied the Federal laws, in violation u' the Constitution. This was a Christian country. Chris- tian principles, including that of monogamy, were embodied in its lav m refus 10 conform to Christian marriage. Co gress passed the Morrill, P Edwards acts. forbidding Only in 1890, 28 years Morrill act, came the Woodr festo, advising Mormons to the law. The law was the United States Supres Up to the acceptance f1ak State in 1898 the leaders ke thy and practiced polvgamy. So_ setiv became the resistance of the Morr mu\ Church to the Constitution and laws of the country that in 1887 the church was disincorporated and the most of its property confiscated by the Federal Government. No such charge can be brought against the Catholic Chureh t the United States. 1t has consisten upheld the laws It has alwavs held the prineiples of Government laid down i the Declaration of Independence to be in conformity with Catholie teach- Ing. Never at any time has it set it self up as & veliglon over and above the law, and never has it sought any par tiewlar treagment The allel, therefore, between the eligihility and avatlability of a Catholic and a Mormon for the singularly unfortunate ity of & Catholic for that high oftice rests on the same ground as that of the member of any other church namely, his executive competence, his high character and his binding him- self by uath tand t n Catholic an oath 1o nosacred thingd (0 uphold the and Constitution United 8 X K0 WA suppress anarchy in the protection of our own canal rights and (he interests American and foretgn business i rely from the st the pubd! ¥ € war the Provid “must be & ¥ tions wi the subyj d that d body tha rather defintte ideas o mternational agreeme . whole tho m, he 0 sing State A fine g 5 o of war bt dorstand The elimina depends on u wood will, and from strife, o Lexingty | Department s ¢ | eral termy, says o lod by the bandit ravages and rob- | | Of war are not on the s v lews o guarantee Wo haye taken over sinee Diae atates that he iy pows sately the Nave undertaken (0 guard and guaran teo a far and tmpartial el Proaie o, this year Dias cannat be B A or to hinself, under the cons .unm.m Al parties exvept Handine Aogey, e ferma of peace as ax ""'M‘i by Me Stimsan Sanding s an outlaw by edeclivation of boih the legat BOVernment wint s wwi palitical pasly He menaces all oittzens who have not vallled to his support e R modern Ouve of Adullany We must suppies NI oF coneeds (o Europe the abdicn Hon of the Mantoe Doctiine Yel ATe NoE AL Wik agalial Nicatagua, Nov Wit Prestdent Wilsan at war with Mex W0 when he ondered Gen Penhing o tnvade that eauntry i the punitive ex llu"llull wanal Vil after (he vald of hat bandie on Culumbus The allied nALions Whose wrinies gielied Ggethos e Chine (0 suppress (e Boxer Ke Dottion wid tesone (ho lexations fwoed o AL situation, without waking war L Ohina The vighs of seltdefense nattanal aa well s povional &yru‘nn ARRS, W Paul ¥ Gt we | rvites and | maching guns of both parties and we | such as ¥ that 1t will meet with favor ¢ i the couniry . not small questions easil but e deep and are ditiey coming up, ke the hot voloany, from the abyvsses The Mmatn parpose of any ress! the Topeka Daily Capiial guo Representative Fah of New Yaik OULIAW War WS wi g and slavery ha s with war as o e modernt nations ha Capital camments 1TOF peaoe and ok -t sense thint he t3 for way o from iy The Asheville Tlnes View: UThe United St Wight wgiee I fhe proposed (reailes nev NN Ty beeny e L A the Sonate 1 unlikely G imake that reserae | Gl This Ameniea’s alaties from e Wark of (e league seems ool cate the league s problams, even V\I\»l\‘ e wre sl troation of friendshin | The Hpringeld Republioan thinks that A the Fpeneh woukt et lass pleasire L M WAL Wi America than Prasents of el W 'Christmas Spirit Reopens, ] Discussion y do the sa: wellb- “It is guod to lum records hat M. Briand's p: and obvious gan or Borah piys favor of & of yud Location of Suffrage Statue Is Protested . ¢ of & wreath an the st s of the w Blizabeth Cadv ony and calls attention to statue decupies ment of the Capitol S Wiy do Washy WE themselves * 1 for the removal e Hall of Pawme DUt 1o e o ad of them are Even nnn who of are “Why N Put up with thl Ih‘h. and 1o {hiwe wouen who ¢ them I A time whes WIUAS A WHNARY Tespent LY WAS WARHL O open Ner mouth i Sl one man t the writen, “Why € Vou protest agamst e gy L TN o Proiest againsg the i V. in the na \w of Al who delleve 7= TAnd white 1w 1 o Ak why the insery- Which the seulpior wiote and bad © has disappeared disappeat et ‘\\\ ENTWORTH ORLMAN cav—— . Quick Action Hour's Need. From ihe Mosion Herah Now ihe pal T even quik Clouds Have \lhfl LW From the Boston Trammeipt. the bLghting Supanies & Nt care BOW GATE these abwit days are . \