Evening Star Newspaper, November 10, 1927, Page 8

JHE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Bdition. WASHINGTON, D C THURSDAY. . November 10, 1927 THEODORE W NOYES.. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Uce and_Pennayivania Ave P Mew Yous oifices 110 East o0t St Chicace Ofl:s Tower Ruil in sooanS 14 Regent St. London Engiand 1n St uropean Ofice The Svening Star with the Sunday morn tng adition s delivered by carcoca within the city ‘at 60 centy yer munth: 45 cents ner month Sundavs eniy. r month may be sent by mail or | Tophone M olir tion 18 made by earrier at an Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia yiv ang Suaday 1 er g0 004 mo f:flv ':\n A 1vr £500°1 mo undas anle 76e B 1vr $300 1mo. 250 and Canada. $1200 1mo. $1 $S00° 1 mo S300 1 mo Al Other Stat Aty and Sunday 1 vr aly onie T vr unday v LoD 1 er Member of the Associated Press. eunties TOr"all ews ais ot ntherwiee cred. | thia naner and alen the local news | nihitehed harein Al ~3his of ublicatton | hes herein are also cesarved | o 75¢ 350 of special dier Hurley and the Ships. measures for the up- building of an American overseas mer- chant marine are submitted to the Shipping Board by Edward N. Hurley. war-time chairman of the board. The eomprehensive plan presented by Mr. Hurley is evidently the result of a eareful and thorough. analysis of the situation confronting the United Ftates. It takes into consideration the needs of this country in the trade com- petition with the other nations of the world. a competition which Mr. Hurley mees constantly increasing. It gives at- tention to the undoubted value of a| merchant matine for national defense. Burely Mr. Hurley's recommendations | are worthv of the most earnest con-| sideration by the board and by the| President and Congress. Wisely Mr. Hurley has turned his ®ack on a direct Government subsidy to shipping. A subsidy would be far better than no merchant marine. But Government subsidies stick in the craw of the American people. The Congress balked at a subsidy when it was strongly urged by the late President Harding. It has balked many times in the past at such a plan. The Hur- ley plan contemplates a vevolving fund of half a billlon dollars. to be loaned at low rates of interest to construct ships in this country. It is estimated | that by this plan the interest charges on the construction of a merchant ves- sel would be reduced thirty-nine per cent. a real saving to the ship owner. and such as to make more possible the ownership and operation of American flag ships by private American Jn- terests. Government subsidies. Mr. Hurley contends, destroy initiative and breed inefliciency. They are, In- deed, contrary to the American idea. The former chairman of the Ship- ping Board believes that this country should take a leat out of the Canadian book. He has gone thoroughly into the ownership of shipping lines by the Canadian railroads and has found it an element of success. in both rail- roading and shipping. He finds that many costs of transportation, now duplicated in this country because of the sesparate ownership of railroads and ships. have been eliminated through the consolidation of land and #ea transportation facilities in Canada. The Hurley plan goes to the root of the American shipping problem, the replacement of merchant vessels and the absorption of the present Govern- ment-owned vessels. The day is ap- proacking when the American fleet, purchased and constructed during the war at enormous costs. must be re. placed. The replacements must be modern vessels. capable of meeting the competition of the newer and swifter vessels of the foreign maritime nations. Unless this problem of re- placement is efficiently solved. the time will come when old age will take the American merchant fleet off the sens. In addition to the propoted revolving fund for the construction of vessels in this country. Mr. Hurley advances the suggestion that selected ships be enrolled in the United 'States Naval Reserve and that long-term mail con- tracts be granted shipping lines as @ further ald toward their successful ®neration. Congress will soon be faced with the problem. The President and the Ship- ping Board are studying the matter earefully. and their recommendations will go to Congress early in the com- Ing session. Merchant shipping is so vitally important to America and its seapower that nothing should permit it to be held up longer. Constructive | quested late that any degree of participation n athletics of another institution bars a player from the varsity team else- where. There seems to be no thought of unfairness In the playing of Caldwell on the Yale team. He played there in his sophomore year, injured and incapacitated during his junior year and now. as senior, has been a tower of strength to the big team. However the c: may come out, whether the waiver of the rule re- by the Princeton faculty committee is acceded to or the rule is strictly maintained, the incident is of value in illustrating the high standard of sportsmanship that de- spite partisan desires prevails in the conduct of university athletics and competitions. ———s Retiring the Second Liberties. On Tuesday of next week, exactly ten years after their date of all outstanding bonds of the second Liberty loan, originally intended to mature in twenty-five years, are called for redemption by the Secretary of the Treasury. Subsequent to that date| such bonds not presented for redemp- tion will cease to hear interest. The second Liberty loan is the sec- ond of the great r loans to be re- funded during the last five vea the Victory loan, which matured in 1 23, having been retired in those years. amount of the second Liberty issue was $3.- 807.865.000 To date $1.075,090,000 o these bonds have been redeemed by the Treasury for cash and $1,975.272,- 700 have been exchanged by their for- mer holders for other Treasury secu rities bearing lower rates of interest. An approximate $757.500.000 remains outstanding, and it is anticipated that about ten per cent of these will be extinguished on November 15 and the | balance refunded into short-term se- curities bearing lower interest rates. The vrinciple behind the Treasury's determination to proceed as rapidly as may be in the war loan retirement is. briefly, as tollows: The bonds given as security for these loans bear rela- tively high interest rates. The second Liberties, for instance, originally is- sued on a four per cent basis, were convertible into securities bearing the highest rate of interest fixed for any subsequent issue of war bonds, and, the holders taking advantage of this provision, the bulk of the bonds out- standing at the first of the year were on a 41 per cent basis. During the current year Government short-term certiticates and notes were selling on a 3% per cent basis and long-term bonds on a basis yielding a little less than 313 per cent. Obviously, a great saving in the Government's (uture outlay. for interest on the public deht is to be effected by the retirement and refunding process of which next Tues- day’s operations are a part. It is estimated that the annual sav- ing to the Government through the refunding of the second Liberties, ex- clusive of such saving as may be ef- fected through the reduction of the principal of the then outstanding pub- lic debt, will be in excess of $20,000,000. How fortunate the Nation is in its present condition of annual surpluses and splendid credit—how essential it is that this state of affairs be not Jjeopardized by excessive tax reduction —becomes patent to all whose vision extends beyond the immediate present, unobscured by political or personally selfish considerations. —— e William B. Orme, Of all human assets, none stands so high as character. In the final sum- ming up, truth and honorable dealing, gentleness and a kindly heart must outweigh all the rest. The passing of William B. Orme, a resident of Washington for more than four- fifths of a century, brings to its close a life that has stood for the best in the community in which he lived. Mr. Orme retired from the office f secretary of the Washington Gas Light Co. in January of this year. He had for sixty years been continuously in the service of that company. His rec- ord of duty well performed was grate- fully acknowledged. He entered the employ of the company in 1867, early becoming assistant secretary, and in 1896 was elected secretary. In that capacity he served until his retire- ment, assuming for a time also the 1dded responsibility of treasurer. The death of Mr. Orme will be re- gretted by a large circle of friends and acquaintances in the business and social circles of the Capital. He held no public office but that of an Ameri- -an citizen of the highest type. He leaves hehind him a record that must prove an inspiration, and no less worthy of admiration was his kindly personality. —v——te Th> letting of contracts for excavat- Ing sites for the first of the Govern- | ment buildings in the Mall-Avenue trianzle is a promise that “the dirt will soon be flying” in that area. Which is a reminder of the days when ths Panama Canal was being started. ——ee Good Sportsmanship. Good sportsmanship is manifested by the Princeton faculty committee on athletics and the president of the university in asking the waiver of the ineligibility rule that has been ‘mpplied to Bruce Caldwell, a star of the Yale foot ball team who has been bharred from further inter- university matches because of his past affiliation with the freshman team of another institution. Cald- well was rated as Yale's foremost player and upon him were pinned hopes fo. victory in the game be- tweer, Drinceton and Yale to be plaved on Saturday. Discovery of his technical ineligibility was not made untll a very few days ago. Under oo A charge that it cost a million dol- lars to elect Vare's 1926 campaign manager mayor of Philadelphia last Tuesday suggests that the high cost of office in the Keystone State is not being reduced. e Discovery of a hundred thousand dollars’ worth of diamonds in the over- sized shoes of a would-be smuggler in New York suggests that incoming sea travelers may have to go barefoot at port inspection hereafter. ———— vt The Fate of Frederick. The Secretary of War has received a suggestion that the bronze statue of Frederick the Great, which once adorned a pedestal in front of the War College, be removed from its innocu- ous exile in the cellar and returned to its former glory. The Secretary has referred the problem to a board of officers whose decision In the matter will be awaited with iInterest. The statue was removed during the war, for it seemed most unfitting that a former war lord and King of Prussia the rule as it stands, automatically his previous participation with an- other instituticn bars him. But the Princeton faculty have met the situ- ation in a spirit of special considera- tion and while they recognize that eligibility decisions must rest wth the Yale committee they express regret and the hope that Caldwell may play on Saturday. The rule in question was designed to prevent the “farming” of players by their development in junior schools ,and transfer to the larger ones. It “§ssems to be a harsh condition that ‘eerhars should be modified to stipu- should command, during the conflict, the very portals of an institution which represented the combined mili- tary efforts of a great Nation to over- throw his successors. But now the war is over. The danger is past. Prisoners of war have been released and political prisoners granted am- nesty. An enemy nation has become a friendly power, so—what to do with Frederick? Frederick the Great died about the time this country was getting under way, 8o it is tfue that he cannot be accused of having played & leading THE 'EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, part in the Great War which saw him banished to the cellar. In addition, Frederick represented to the War Col. lege a distinguished member of the profession to which students at the War College have dedicated their lives. To them he was a great soldier, and great soldiers live after their causes have died and have been forgotten. He was a soldier in more ways than one, as effective in peace time as in war, and his tactics in battle were no more skilied than was his ability to organize the armies of finance, indus- try and agriculture after the smoke of conflict had cleared. Taking Frederick out of the cellar and restoring him to tne sunlight might be interpreted as condonation and forgiveness of the acts of his later countrymen. Leaving him in the cel- lar, to attract cobwebs and dust, might be interpreted as failure to condone or forgive. And of the two which is the more reprehensible? The officers at the War College to whom has been in- trusted the task of deciding Freder- ick's fate are confronted with a prob- lem in diplomacy which might have troubled old Frederick himself. But there is one way of solving it. Let Frederick be resurrected and placed in some quiet, unobtrusive spot, where he may rest in the dignified peace be- fitting a great man. To those who ob- Ject to Frederick as a symbol of war it may be recalled that he was pri- mar a man of peace, who nearly lost his life because of a love of poetry nd music. To those who revere kred- erick the war god, no excuses will be necessary. At any rate, the dust should be cleared from his massive brow. ————— The former telephone operator who aspired to be the head of the munici- pal government of Concord, N. H.. and incidentally to be the first woman mayor in New England, was defeated by about two votes to one in spite of her youth and good looks. Could it be possible sufferers from wrong numbers organized against her? —e Forbush of Canandaigua, A has left the National Capital behind him. But as he pursues his quest in the bleak hills and flood- stricken valleys of New England he still has with him the entire and sincere sympathy of the District and its adjacent territor —— e White Horse Eagle, an Indian chief claiming to be one hundred and six years old, has just voted in accord- ance with the wishes of Al Smith in New York. Doubtless he can recall some of the later appearances at the polls of Big Chief Tammany Himself. East Washington citizens want to make a sweeter smelling as well as a greater and more beautiful Capital. This community, having no unsavory politics of its own, has a right to a clean atmosphere. ———— Gov. Smith's friends hold as a result of Tuesday's elections that he has gained ground even though he is not running for anything. JEEE—" Every man on the team of minor league base ball stars which has been touring Mexico has just been credited with a home run. ——— . Mexican bandits command attention, but Chicago bandits do not permit themselves to be forgotten. —ee SHOOTING STARS. N. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Influence. “I wonder why the average boy takes somuch interest in athletics?"” “It is because of paternal influence,” answered Miss Cayenne. “A boy's father always advises him to study hard, but he can't help showing that at heart he has a lot more real en- thusiasm about a foot ball game or a boat race.’ Had His Doubts. “You know Shakespeare was a bad actor.” said the man who prides him- self on his theatric lore. “That,” answered Mr. Stormington Barnes, “is merely hearsay. Maybe the critics who reported his perform- ances didn't know any more about acting than critics nowadays.” Art. The art of saying things is one No modern statesman ought to lack; Yet more artistic work is done Ofttimes in taking of ’em back! “One bad thing about hard times,” said Uncle Eben, “is dat a lot o’ folks regards de very mention of ‘em as a good excuse foh takin' a holiday.” As It Sometimes Happens. “I suppose you are bitterly disap- pointed over your defeat?" “Certainly not.” answered the re- jected candidate. “The advertising 1 have had from the campaign will en- able me to build up a business worth far more than the salary of the office 1 was aftel Busy. “Are you working hard these days?" asked one New Yorker. “Yes,” answered the other. “I haven't seen you at the office.” No; one day I have been busy get- ting my money out of the bank for fear the financiers would get it, and the next I've been putting it back for fear the burglars would get it.” The Real Thing. In buddin’ May and bloomin’ June, I useter keep a-singin’ De Springtime an' de Summer tune; 1 thought dem months was bringin’ About de bes’ de year could show In all it had to proffer, Because jes' den 1 didn't know ‘What Autumn had to offer. 1 done fohgot dem golden trees An’ fruit so sweet and mellow, De freshness of de rustlin’ breeze, De punkin round and yellow. ‘When old November comes to hand, Dem months we's done completed Seems mos'ly imitations, and I feels like 1 been cheated! r———— Anachronism. From the Providence Journal, Mayor Thompson of Chicago might have been really useful at the battle of Bunker Hill, ———————— Seeing Beyond Self. From the Atchison Globe. It Is easy to suspect that other pe; 8oul needs, sa’ THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A wtriking illustration of the part freezing plays in ending the life of the garden was afforded by the moonvine growing over the arch at the back sate. The vine was green and flourishing on the evening before the red alcohol in the thermometer on the back porch went down to below freezing. There were even several buds about ready. to open. The moonflower flour- ishes in cool Autumn weather, its fo- liage remaining bright, rivaling that of the chrysanthemum. The next morning, however, the en- tire vine seemed if struck by fire. It was withered and brown. its vit: sap dried beyond repair. There will be no more moonflowers until next scason. * ok ok The effect of frost and freezing in the garden offers an interesting study to the amateur naturalist, the home owner who makes ro parti claim to scientific observaen, but simply enjoys watching the proziess of the seasons. One may take a cortain ptide in this home nature study, too, when he stops to consider that many persons are so wrapped up in their own con ceits that they never give a thought to nature. Nature, these feel, may be good enough for poets, but what can she do for one who is interested in clothes and “parties” and a good time in general? Ts not a “good time” the be-all and end-all of life? L What appeared to be a leaf on the top of the coal pile in the bin turned out to be upon closer inspection a very small hoptoad. It was about half an inch long, of a dull brown color exactly resembling a faded leaf, many of which are blowing around the yard at this time. ndoubtedly, it sought refuge in the 'm house when painting was the order of the day. Here it was, hopping around in a place that was not intend- ed for its play. Those who fancy would have found it extremely divert- ing, might even have called it “cute,” but we managed only to look upon it as a curlosity, it being quite the small- est toad we had ever seen. Most toads are fellows about the size of one's fist—curious creatures of childhood’s legends—that are able to work up some tremendous hops on the sidewalk on Summer evenings just ahout dusk. This little fellow wound himself up for a leap of about 12 inches or so. The cat Jack Spratt was brought down to share in the fun, but for some feline reason got no amusement out of the toad at all. Even a particularly long hop of per- haps 15 inches failed to arouse any enthusiasm in the green eyes of the house cat. He looked at the toad in a tolerant manner, much as if to say, “Well, where did that come from? Jack sat back on his haunches as the toad made a leap into the coal pile, and pricked up his ears slightly, but farther than that he would not go. Finally we were forced to corral the hopper in a ladle and carry him into the outdoors, where he hopped away with great satisfaction, evidently not being used to being ladled around. * % ok X% The toad proved to be an excellent harbinger of change. for he hopped in and out the evening before the first cold morning, when the red in the tube registered 30 degress at 6 such creatures a.m., with the official low mark of the Weather Bureau to be announced later as 29 degrees. This difference may be accounted for by different ther mometers, or the fact that the home measure is next to a warm window. The effect of inside temperature on the grass immediately next to the house is marked. Perhaps if the in sulation of a home were perfect there would be no retention of green in the v. but common observa- that very few houses are perfectly insulated, else one would not see the snow melt off roofs so,soon. The lilacs, as the result of the first real cold of the season, have lost nearly all their leaves. Perhaps this is as good a sign of actual Autumn as any, even better than the fall of the maple leav Such a rank grower as the hibiscus s its leaves earlier, not so much reason of cold as because of lack of plant nourishment. The hibiscus canes have been naked and bare 3 or 4 weeks. and the althea bushes in a like state for 2 weeks at least Rosebushes, at this writing, show luxuriant foliage and a few buds. We had a gvad specimen of Red Radiance several <are after the low cold mark It is int?*281!ng to note. in this con- nection, that t8e pink Radiance and its sister, Red Radia stood one two in the referendurn of the Amer wcan Rose Society for thls year—that is. Radiance is the most popular rose in American gardens, with Red Radi- ance a close second. There are many who would like to see the position of the two change, believing that Red Radiance is the more satisfactory of these two most satisfactory roses. * ok ok % Zinnias, which flourished vigorously all Summer, were uprooted several weeks ago and transported hence via ash-wagon ~ conveyance. (Although tipping” is an admitted evil, it is wonderful what a well applied 25-cent piece will do!) This neces consummate millions of ry riddance was not however, until some nnia seeds had wafted themselves to all parts of the yard Next on zinnia seedlings ~ will &row up with the grass. It would be a curious experiment to allow a yard to “just grow.” In our own there would be, in all likeli- hood, zinna and _snapdragon and althea and hibiscus and petunia plantlets sprouting from the sofl in all_directio This is Nature's way of planting. Though hundreds of seed are wasted, scores grow after lying dormant all Winter, with the result that her floral treasures perpetuate themselves Thus the pageant of the s proceeds, at no time more pictu Iy than now, although with no such moist, warm tones as distinguish the Spring offering. Soon continued frost and freezing will nip the remaining vegetation, leaving the sarden brown and bare There will remain only the bright berries of the climbing rose to lure the birds and to Inform human be. ings that this was once a place of bright beauty, peopled not only by flower personages, but by those tlow- ers of the human spirit—applied in telligence, loving care and apprecia tion. “The fowers grow for those who love them,” says the old saying There is no magic to this. but only the old truth that if one loves a thing enough to study its needs, it will re- spond. and he will secure his full meed of appreciation. BACKGROUND OF EVENT BY PAUL V. COLLINS. The public grew accustomed during the war to weeks or days set apart tor special causes. For example, there were “meatless days” and “sugarless days.” Now we have “Education week,” wherein our whole attention is directed to the desirability of the ““Three Rs” and other marks of knowl- edge, such as are supplied by our pub- lic schools and colleges. Education week began last Monday. Tt is an in- vention of the American Legion, but is now controlled by the National Ed- Association and by school achers generally. When the draft of 1917 disclosed the shameful amount of illiteracy existing in the United States, with more than a quarter of the people of schoul age and older unable to read and write in any language, the conditions appalled the public, and nobody more so than the soldler who saw his buddies re jected from the Army because the: wWere too ignorant. The illiterate could not understand orders; they could not read written orders nor make reports. America had prided Itsel¢ upon its advance in intelligence and upon its tree schools, free press and other marks of a high civilization, but a quarter of the people ware absolutely illiterate! America stood far down the list in comparison with other coun- trie Of course, the official census showed that only 6 or 7 per cent of the popu- lation must be clussed as illiterate, but the census so classified only such as confessed their illiteracy; the Army draft gave actual tests by requiring the subjects to read a newspaper or book. * kK % x Following the World War, there has been a renaissance of public interest in education such as was never known before. Part of this rebirth of interest was due to the Government's policy of rehabilitation of wounded or disabled soldiers, whom it educated along lines which wculd enable them to earn a living that had been rendered impos- sible by their pre-war vocation, on ac- count of their wounds. This move- ment attracted the interest of the American Legion throughout the land, and, as a result, the Leglonnaires took interest in school facilities in general. That interest spread, and adults who had not been soldiers awoke to the possibilities of adult education as they had never realized before. Now, no man or woman need be ashamed to seek further schooling, regardless of age. It may be claimed that this move- ment had begun even before the war. In an article published in the Survey, last July, Miss Mabel Montgomery showed that South Carolina had done wonders ir two Summer schools for illiterate adults, and in the decade ending in 1920 that State had reduced 1ts illiterates from 25.7 per cent to 18.1 per ¢ Similar advance in adult study has been made in other regions. * ok ok K t annual report of Sec- retary J. W. Crabtree of the National Education Assoclation, it 1s noted that “there has been in 10 years an increase’ in high school enrollment from 1,600,000 to more than 4,000,000; an increase in attendance at Summer schools from 40,000 to 250,000; an in- creasa in the number of consolidated schools from 5,000 to 15,000; of teach- ers’ colleges authorized to grant de- rom 20 and 25 to more than 10¢ * ¢ an increase in the value of school property from $2.000.000,000 to $4,000,000,000; * ¢ * an increase in the expenditures for public school education from $75,000,000 to §2,000.- 000,000, From the 14 * ok ¥ Before weighing the value of gen- eral educatlion of the masses It is en- lightening to note the advance in the last two centurl In 1729 the Bos- ton Repertory published an essay on public education, written by one Ber- nard Mandeville, in which the essay- ist said: “To make the Society happy and the People easy under the meanest cir- cumstances, it is requisite that great 15} I education. as well as poor. ® * * Reading, writ- ing and arithmetic are very necessary to th whose business requires sus qualifications; but where people's live- lihood has no dependence on these arts, they are very pernicious to the poor, who are forced to get their daily bread by their Daily Labor.” In 1757 Soame Jenyns wrote: “Ignorance, or the want of knowl- edge and literature, the appointed lot of all born to poverty and the-drudger- ies of life, is the only oplate capable of infusing that insensibility which can enable them to endure the miser- ies of the one and the fatigues of the other. It is a cordial administered bv the gracious hand of rrovidence, of which they ought never to be de- prived by an ill-judged and improper It is the basis of all sub- ordination, the support or soclety and the privilege of individuals, The above are prose explanations of the poet has more musically “here ignorancs s bliss, s folly to be wise.” *ox ok % It pointed out, however, that the social and economic conditions have wholly changed in the last two cen- turies, and the delights of ignorance and contentment of those who did not know the sweets of knowledge are wholly outgrown today. ook % It is comical—but woeful—to note in what disesteem knowledge was held, even in the very year of our Declaration of Independence. In the Maryland Journal of Baltimore, June 2, 1776, is found a notice of the ar- rival of a ship bearing “a number of healthy men and women servants. Their indentures are to be' disposed of.” Mere ‘dumb, driven ecattle”— white servants, but ‘“healthy ‘crit- ters Four days before the Declaration of Independence a Boston paper had an editorial based upon the news of the Baltimore ship, and in that editorial cultured Boston enlarged on the fact that the ship which had reached Bal- timore carried “various Irish com- moditi mong which were school masters, beef, pork and potatoes.” It did not ‘record how the Irish school- masters would be sold—whether by the pound, with the beef and pork, or by the bushel, like the Irish potatoes. * ¥ ok X Forty years ago only 65.5 per cent of all children between 5 and 17 years were enrolled in the public schools of America, today 82.8 per cent are so enrolled. Then 62.3 per cent attended school each day, now 78.8 per cent. The average number of aays attended annually by each child tnen was §3.1, today it is 109.6. All colleges are crowded to over- flowing. But in recent years much criticism has come concerning the practical and cultural results of the modern college. Veteran teachers— heads of normal schools—decry the increasing looseness of college courses and the lack of mental and social dis- cipline of the students, not to men- tion the eccentricities of sensation- seeking professor: Even the National Education Asso- ciation points with pride to the fact that modern schools aim at *“demo * of the pupils—freedom to exer- se thei* own immatured wills in study and in discipline, Conservatives answer that that is what ails modern schools, the weakening of direction and control of untried youth by wise e perience and matured character. The head of one of the most promi- nent normal sci00ls is quoted as dep- recating the breaking down of the an- cient landmarks of discipline. From away off in China, from a missionary college in which American modernisms have crept, comes a cry by the presi- dent that the radical students demand that they be represented on the faculty hoard, and that upon the independent will of the students should depend the tenure of all professors, and even of the president of the college. L] College presidents and deans agree THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1927 Government Depends On Judicial Tribunals To the Editor of The Star: A partial collation of important events coupled with a repetition of past utterances are deemed to be appropriate for the people to know in order to give proper onsideration to and a correct disposition of the pend- ing problems confronting law and order in the Capital of the United States. § It is not difficult to understand why the fathers intrenched the right “trial by jury in the supreme law of the land. They regarded the recog- nition and exercise of that right as vital to the protection of liberty against arbitrary power. As early as the reign of Henry VIL one of the essential checks upon royal power was that “the fact of guilt or innocence on a criminal charge was determined in a public court, and in the county where the offense was alleged to have occurred, by a jury of 12 men, from whose unanimous verdict no appeal could be made.” It is an interesting fact that the first ordinance adopted by the Plym- outh Colony in 1623 was pne claring among other things that criminal facts” should he tried the verdict of 12 honest men to bhe impaneled by authority, in form of 1 jnry upon their oaths”-——the trial i of today having the dis tionary power and rizht to see that perscns of intellizence are accepted as_jurors. The great ohject of a trial by jury in criminal cases is to guard against a spirit of oppression and tyranny.on the part of rulers, and against a spirit of violence and vindictiveness on the part of the people. Indeed. it is often more important to guard against the latter than the former. ‘The Government of the United States has been emphatically termed 1 government of laws and not of men. | It the law could lay no restraining hand upon Congress, Congress would be a despotism. If the law could lay no restraining hand upon the Presi- dent and the members of his cabine’. they would he despots. It is because neither the President nor Congr nor the highest nor the humblest citizen of the land, is either above the r nts or beneath the protection of the law that ours is des. tined to be the final form of govern: ment, as, notwithstanding all its de- fects, it is by far the best form of gov- ernment under which men have evir been permitted to live, For of law in its widest sense, in- only in the material universe, but in the moral and spiritual universe as well, the familiar words of Hooker are always true: “There can be no less ac knowledged than that her seat is the hosom of God. her voice the harmony of the world. All things in heaven and earth do her homage, the very least as feeling her care, and the great- est as not exempt from her power. John Marshall, when Chief Justice ot the Supreme Court of the United States. sald. “I have always thouvht. from my earliest youth till now that the greatest scourge an angry Heaven ever inflicted upon an ungrateful and a sinning people wa corrupt or a dependent judiciar: Let us fervently hope no such curse may ever he drawn down upon the United States. In a popular govern ment like ours resting upon manhood and womanhood suffrage. the forces of the reserve in the army of civilization must always be the judicial tribunals. Tt is upon them as our only refuge in the days of evil fortune that our rights to property, to liberty and to life must in the last resort depend. and as long as the plain people have undimin ished confidence in the integrity and impartiality of their judges and the courts of the land. those rights will be secure, but no longer. We should recognize as literal prac tical truth that. however we may strive to persuade ourselves to the con- trary. no nation ever has gathered or ever will gather grapes of thorns or figs from thistles: and. as the sense of separation of the world in which we are from the world whither we are going lessens day hy day. we come at last to believe with a faith which never can be shaken that the true mis- slon of nations as of ‘men is to pro mote righteousness on earth: that new friends are better for us than new markets: that love is more elevating an hatred: that peace is nobler than that the humblest human life is sacred; that the humblest human right should be respected. it is only by recognizing these truths, which can never fail to be true. that our own beloved country can worthily discharge the sacred mission confided to her and maintain her true dignity and grandeur, setting her feet upon ~the shining pathway which leads to the sunlit summits of the olive mountains and taking abundant care that every human creature beneath her starry flag, of every color and condition, is as secure of liberty. of justice and of peace as in the Repub- lic of God. WILLIAM MEYERHOFF. Filipino People Are | Loyal to the United States To the Editor of The Star t to point out that an article Admiral Bradley Fiske United States N on “The Future Defense Requir ments of the United States in the Pacific” was surely full of color nd humor. But I am sorry to say that he lacked onme very important thing. This thing concerns the people subject to this great country. He challenged the integrity of the Fili- pinos when he said that the Filipinos will help their Asiatic brothers in case of war between Japan and the United States. T want to call the attention of the rear admiral to the fact that the people of those islands are not the sort of people he thinks they are. I know and can prove it to him that the people of the Philippines are not traitors. During the Great War the loyalty and integrity of the peope of the Philippines were proved. The gov- ernment of the Philippines constructed two battleships and gave them to the United States and they were put in commission. The Philippine govern- ment offered 25,000 men to help the United States. The women of that country helped also in obtaining funds for the Red Cross. Why does the rear admiral say that the peop'e of the Philippines will help their Asiatic brothers in case of con- flict between the United States and Japan? The people in the Philippines are Asiatic, but the education estab- lished there by the Spanish people and later developed by the United States system of this country—these are not Asiatic. T. R. VELASCO. | by Jof the lowed to swell the 600,000 young men now in college. “The boy who does not enjoy study in high schooi,” says Prof. Gauss, dean of the college, Princeton, “or who is not physically fit should be allowed to remain away. President Angell of Yale say: tain evidences of superficiality in our ipresent educational program call for a reconstruction, from the kindergarten up, with the more persistent stressing of strictly intellectual standards and in the upper ranges more of competi- tive selection.” The preatest failure in life is ths college professor or student who be- comes befuddled by “a little knowl- edge, which is a dangerous thin, setting his faith in the “fixed stars. In an article by ‘Harriet Lyon in thi Independent last June it was declared: “The instructor who gives a modern scientific theory with nothing but a sneer is guilty of a worse crime than if he had been silent altogether, for he has given the student half knowledge in the guise of whole truth and offered no better answer to the past than the contempt of ignorance. More satistying is Tennyson: “Let knowledge grow from more to mor But more of reverence in us dwell That mind and soul, according well, May make one music,as before. s, - | rosin cluding the process of evolution, not | Q. When was Ireland first in-| habited? Where did the people come | trom?—J. P. O'R. A. There is no certain evidence that Ireland was inhabited during the paleolithic period. It was not until| {about 600 or 500 B.C. that the Goidels, | {language, set foot in Ireland. Be- | Itween 300 and 150 B.C. various, Belgic and other Brythonic tribes | settied In Britain and_ probably crossed over to reland. The earlier history of Ireland is largely legen- dary There is a tradition that the | first colony arrived in Ireland AM 2520, under the leadership of Partho- | lan, who came from Middle Greece. | Q. Tow washed 7—L. A. Ftude “To wash hows, | tighten the hair and wash with a | lather of soap applied with a tooth- brush. Rinse the soap off and dry | thoroughly. Then apply powdered The hair can then be rosined | on the cake as usual” | Q. Where will the next Olympi “ames he held?—D. K. I | A. They will be held in Amster lam. the Netherlands. in 1925. Q. upen his writings for N. D. A. For 25 years Scott was sub- sheriff, a sort of justice, of Selkirk- shire, and was also a_clerk of the court in Edinburgh. The two posi- tions paid him about $8,000 a year and | took Tittle of his time. Q. What Is the National Safety | Council?—W. F. A. The National Safety Council is a co-operative, non-profit-making insti- | | tution, which was founded in 1913 to| serve as a clearing house (f.informa- | tion relating to the prevention of acci- | dents. It is supported by 4.322 mem- | bers, who include manufacturers en-| zaged in all industries, public utility | | concerns, insurance companies, na. | | tional. State and local trade. technical | | and professional hodies and public | officials, motor clubs. educators and others interested in the conservation | of lives and limbs and property Q. What is the official title at pres- | ent of Princess Helene. mother of the ‘V young_King of Rumania?—G. A. She is known as the Princess of Rumania. Q. What is meant by “scroop H. A G A. This term is used to describe the characteristic crackling _or rustling sound produced when the fibers of silk are squeezed or pressed. can violin bo be A | Was Sir Walter Scott dunpmlnm] his living?— | Q. What nationality responds best to the treatment of leprosy?—N. v A. The nationality of the paroled rases Indicates that the Caucasian race (Americans and Europeans, particu‘ar- ly the Portuguese) have responded best to the treatment for leprosy. Q. In a blographical sketch of Andrew Carnegie I read that he wis the second person to do away with ihe dot and dash puper tape in v the click of the instrument. Who was asn -B. L. N A James Frincis Leonard at Lex ington Ky., was the first sound opera tor. Mr. Leonard was one of the most accomplished telegraphers of his d ud it was when the telezraph wa s infancy that he learned to receive 1e3sages by sound on the first wire: at were erected in Kentucky. Q. Which breed of sheep furnishes the finest wool?—E. T. C. A. Merino sheep. a breed developed in Spain many centuries ago. The ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. | descendants of Merino sheep I ported and erossed with native shee upply the varieties of wool known wli-blood, three-eighths blood, ete. Q. Are there some States that have boxing laws that necessitate a_knock to | the first invaders speaking a Celtic | out to g1in # championship?—E. 8. A Q. Is there a place in Tellawstane National Park where a handkerchief cin be put in a pool and come out clean?—R. C. There is a_hot spring known as “Handkerchief Pool” located in the Black Sand Basin at Old Faithtul Geyser formation. The spring is a round pool with a deep hole in the enter. from which bubbles are econ- antly arising. A handkerchief placed in this pool will be drawn un- der by the action of the water and several minutes later will by foreed upward by the hubbles. It comes out clean. The pool has a cireular cur- rent, which works around in cireles, vsing this peeculiar phenomenen The paol has many amusing legends conne with it and is one of the most widely visited places in Yellow tone Park Q. Why are pearls fourd In oyster siew without value?—H. O'C. A. The heating deadens the luster No State has such a law. an | and’ removes the eolor. Q. When was the Order of Sons of Herman established?—J. O, A. The Order of Sons of Herman, or Orden der Hermanssohne, was founded in New York City about 1840 to foster German customs and spread henevolence among Germans in the United States. We do not find that it has any association with a German organization. Each branch is entirely self-governing. Q. Does corn grow faster morning or afternoon’—R. P. A. The Rurean of Plant Industis savs that there are two periods of maximum growth of corn—one fs in the forenoon and one ix in the after . Scientific research shows that some plants grow as much at night, under good conditions, as n the dax- ime. but this is not true of corn. Q. Did Leopold and Loeb have a in the z telegraph messages. depending or | | trial by jury?—J. W | "A. They did not have a trial by | jury, as their attorneys chose to have {oniy’a trial judge. Q. Are foreigper postal service?—G. H. A. All “employes of the United States postal service must be Ameri- can citizens. Q. plane cost?—W. J A. The actual cost of Lindbergh's plane, including the instruments and | the engine, was $13.000. employed in our How much did Lindbergh's H. re Q. What was the earliest English yster Doyster.” writ- Nicholas Udall. was the earli- est The exact date of its appear- ance Is uncertain..but it was before 1551 It was written to he presented ! by the boys of Eton College. The keynote of the times is efcient service In supplying its readers with a free Information Bureau in Wash- v |inaton The Evening Star is living up to this principle in deed and fact. We are paying for this service in order | that it may be free to the public. Sube mit your queries to the staff of experts ! irhose services are put at your disposal. | Inelose 2 cents in stamps to cover the return postage. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau. Frederic J. ! Haskin, director. Washington, D. C. The passing of an extraordinary world fizure is recognized by American cotemporaries in their comment on the death of Maximilian Harden. the noted German journalist and publicist. Many rate him a great and influential patriot. and the brilliance of his pen is generally conceded. though some rather than eonstructiv “Germany has lost a son who It her well and who proved his devo stanchly by his services. his tr and his sacrifices,” says the Syracuse Herald. to which the Dayton Daily News adds the tribute that his coun- try loses “one of the most useful fiz- ures of its last 40 years.” The Boston Transcript holds ~that “he. was a knight errant, if there ever was one,” and believes that “the world nceds such speakers and writers as hs was to clear out the dark corners and really make it worth living in.” “He proved himself a true patriot in critical times. althouzh refusing to be silenced when he felt it was his duty to speak recalls the Fort Wayne News-Séntinel, and the Lincoln Star believes that “no man in all Germany or outside plaved a more important role in bringing the German people through their great crisis.” The Mil- waukee Journal adds that “he never was seeking himself either for-ure or power, except that power of leadership which comes to the straight thinker who expresses himself courageously.” The Bellingham Herald affirms that “jt is only once in a generation that 2 man of his type is produced.” * x % X “Only the rarest combination of dar- ing and discernment, ennob'ed by in- ner allegiance both to country and to humankind, could have challenved as he did the current of his day withcut sinking to a traitor's part.,” m the opinion of the Atlanta Journal. The Louisville Courler - Journal dec'ares that “because of his enormous follow- ing he could not be gagged anv more than Tolstoi in Russia, and from the beginning of his career to the end his was a contest for truth. for sai and idealism in government and for- eign relations Harden is viewed by the Watertown Daily Times as “a striking example of a fearless editor who never comnro- mised with_conscience.” His voice, ays the Bloomington Pantagraph. 'was the only note of protest in Ger- many to the policy of the Kaiser,” and the Wichita Beacon asserts that “his entire career should oe an inspiration to lovers of good government and to enemies of sham.” The Baltimore Sun feels that his role was “to shock the representative German out of a com- placency which he felt to be sapping the foundations of Teutonic wental greatness.” He is described by the Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette as “a critic of sophis try, pretense and evil power,” while the St. Paul Pioncer Press states: ““That he was always right may well be doubted, since he was human: but *hat he came honestly by tie conviotims which he so stoutly defended is un- questionable. There was no intella.. tual goosestepping in his make-up.' The brilliancy and sidength f Jlar- den's writings are attested by the New York Evening World, St. Louis Times and Chattanooga Times. Yet that “‘he was perhaps a little too rich in theories” is the suggestion of the New York Times, and the Altoona Mi; ror sees in him “a strange anomaly’ in that “while pugilistically inclined, under ordinary circumstances, he was yet an enemy of war.” and the Kaasas City Journal says of this phase of his influence: “He knew two, even three, decades ago that Kaiser Wilhelm' policies and purposes menaced the relcl of the world, and therefore the ntegrity of the empire. And Editor Harden cried ,out against the situa- tion. * ¢ % 'The trouble with Maxi- critics insist that he was destructive | Maximilian Harden Appraised By American Cotemporaries | that they did not themselves tend fo- ward peace-keeping.” * % x % “A man of Harden's typ | either a great leader and a jiational hero or only a trouble maker with an exazgerated ego. who criticizes merely in the apinion «f the Flint Daily Journal, which adds that “it i8 too early to dstermine the real worth of Harden's lahors.” ‘The Jancs ville Gazette, more positive concludes | that “he was aglinst man. thinzs, op posed to most things. a des'ructionist rather than a construtor.” and the Richmond News Leader remarks, “Tt must always be a mystery how a man of such great inconsistencies com manded so large an audience over sc many vears." | “But detest the war lord and his satellites though he mizht.” remuks the Worcester Telegram. * when v came Harden was i -ieiman tefore he was a_changer of imperialistic torms. He cou’d not brinz himself io contrib ute to the.downiall of a nazional strue ture which he knew to be wrongz, he- cause it was the strueture of uis own nation.” Nevertheless. the Pittshirah Post-Gazette . and Harrishurz Tele graph credit him with posssssing pro phetic power and *he cot of the prophets of old. and the Grand lLapids Press places him among “the few in Germany who were true eyes of history.”* “It'is to Harden the world owes much for the shiftir of Cermany mte republicanism and awav from mi'itary and junker idol worship.” asscrts th Hartford Times. and the Lansir2 state Journal adds that he “will be remeém- bered beyond this age as one whe served greatly with his pen.” The Oklahoma City Oklahoman peints out that “many of the thinzs that Harden fought for are now written in the con- stitution of the German republic.” and the Buffalo Evening News summa- rizes his experience with the statement that “he saw great eveniy ana. in his own individua'istic_way. he hore @ sreat part in them." “It was_his passion for truth.' states the Providence Bulletin, “whi¢h caused the deposed Bismarck to turn to Harden as his mouthpines in whigh capacity the frail. brilliant editor di played such gifts that, after the Iron Chancellor's death, it was said, Har- den is the human stiletto invisibly driven by Bismarck's dead. hand.v" The Birmingham News sees “journal ists the earth round, worthy name, reflecting with heads bow upon the rich legacy left to them! this Maximilian’s passion for things and by his will to muke 8 things prevail. i UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today may be United States Government opeds negotiations with Germany for ’v agreement to govern treatment 8f prisoners of war taken by either tion. Government, through the Red Cross, is forwarding food and supplies to Americans now held prisoners in Germany. * ¢ * Red Cross has thus far received $79.895,355 to be applied to war funds. Nearly $20,000,000 to be apportioned to relief work in France * ¢ Six rear admirals added to the list of present naval personnel to meet needs of enlarged Navy. * * * Isaac Marcosson, well known writer, re turns from fourth trip to European war fronts more pessimistic than at any time since the beginning of the war. He sees Germany stronger than ever and victory a long way off. Qg vinced that German intrigue, not la of supplies, caused crisis in Italy. ® & Forty-one woman suffragists from 15 States arrested for picketing outsi the ‘White House. Taken away 4