Evening Star Newspaper, October 2, 1927, Page 4

. S AIR MAIL POST - TOBE ABANDONED v Superintendency to Be De- clared Vacant Wednesday When A. E. Peterson Quits. The last chapter in the operation of the air mail service by the Gov- ernment will be written Wednesday. when Alvin E. Peterson will step out of the position of general superin- tendent. Postmaster General New an- nounced yesterday afternoon that the post would be declared permanently vacant. he Post Office Department sur- rendered at midnight, August 31 the last of the air mail routes oper- i Mr. Peterson has been then disposing_of the ice. When he ves this week he will become affil- fated with the National Air Trans- port, Ine.. with headquarters in New York City, one of the larger contract air mail lines. Equipment Valued at Millions, Airplanes and other property which Mr. Peterson has disposed of since August 31 have been valued at sev- eral million dollars. The service had 85 airplanes, 35 of which were sold at auction, the others being turned over to various Government depart- ments. The lighting equipment will continue to be operated by the De- partment of Commerce for the bene- fit of all airplanes, just as lighthouses are operated at sea. The various airports have been turned over to the municipalities nearest to them. As explained by Postmaster General New, the purpose of the “personally . ‘'ucted” Government air mail serv- i was to demonstrate to private capital that the service was not only possible scientifically, but that it could be made profitable commercially, and thereby to encourage the creation of a rew industry in the 'United States. Therg: ire more’ companies making airplanés in this country today than there are companies making automo- biles, Mr. New points out. There are about 20, privately owned lines flying the air mail or about to take up the work. The National Air Transport is operating the route between New York and Chicago. Some Lines Making Money. Some of the contraet air mail lines have not proved profitable and their operators have dropped out. But oth- ers are making money, and are find- ing that, with careful operation, they can steadily increase their profits. Postmaster General New firmly be- lieves that the alr mail service will grow in popularity and that it can be conducted with ever-increasing profit and safety. The Government looks forward to the time when privately operated air mail lines will insure a permanent body of skilled flyers in private life, who will always be ready to come to the defense of the country in time of war, supplementing the fiyers of the Army and Navy: PIRATES FIGHT WAY T0 FLAG IN RIOTOUS END TO HECTIC RACE (Continued from First Page.) too high to arouse much of an out- burst in the clubhouse. They were a_tired but happy lot. They congrat. :{fedtheir pilet, Bush —victor in his first year at the helm of the club--but diminutive Donie turned the compliment back by de- scribing his men as the ‘“gamest crew” he ever handled. “They oan't say we didn’t stand the ,” said Donle. “We were up against it at least three times this sea- son in the toughest race I ever have experienced. We 'were hard hit by injuries and illness. But the bovs came through every time in the pinch and you've ot to give them all the credit. It's the greatest team I ever knew.” Second Win in Three Years. ‘The Pirate wictory was the second pennant triumph for them in three years and the sixth time Pittsburgh has scaled the top since 1901. “To prepare- for the start of the world champlonship battle with the powerful New York Yankees, start- ing next Wednesday in Pittsburgh, CHAMPION PARACHUTE JU THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. € MPER TO END CAREER IN NAVY SOON, AFTER MORE THAN 70 LEAPS T. Clark's Worst Experience Was Falling Race With Plane. MADE FILM OF DROP First Live Plunge Ended When He Got Tangled in 60,000-Volt Wires. BY FREDERICK R. NEELY. With more than 70 voluntary para- chute jumps to his credit, two of which nearlv brought an end to his jumping career, although the 'chutes themselves were not to blame, James T. Clark, aviation chief machinist's mate of the Naval Air Station, Ana- la, will retire from the Navy thin the next few weeks after 18 vears of service, as provided by law. When Clark stens out of his unl- form and bids farewell to the station he will continue the career of para- chute expert in civillan life—a career which was forced upon him when he made a promise at the air station in 1924 that he would be the first man to make a voluntary descent at that aviation base. As the “zero hour” approached Clark had an overwhelm- ing desire to withdraw his word, but he concluded he “couldn’t crawl out of it.” It was a success, and his ap- petite for jumping was whetted im- mediately. First Was “Lift Off.” In reality, the first descent was not a jump, but a “lift off.” Standing on the wing of an F-5-L seaplane, at 2,000 feet, and on a cold February afternoon, he held fast to one of the wing struts and pulled the rip cord. The parachute unwrapped and Clark let go his grip. It lifted him from the wing and brought him down to earth. Clark lived on memories of that experience for a month, and then he definitely decided to make a live drop. This all but put an end to his aspir: tions as a parachute authoritv. He admits he knew nothing about jump- ing at the time, and was contented to trust everything to chance. From the same -L he took off with a ground breeze blowing at seven miles an hour. At 2,000 feet it was 55 miles an hour. Over the side of the ship he went head foremost, he pulled the cord, there was the usual sharp jerk and he began gliding into the fleld. The wind, however, blew him away from the place he had thought he would land. At the east and southern end of the fleld there are high-tension wires. Clark was headed right for them. He knew nothing about guid- ing the chute in those days, and help- lessly he landed among the 60,000 volts. Got Tangled in Wires. His body brushed the wires, but the chute got tangled up in them. This tangling arced the wires and the silk- en umbrella burned up on the spot. Clark dropped a few feet safely to the ground. The contact with the wires “blew everything out between Bolling Field and Alexandria for five hours,” he said. “It was then I thought I'd better g0 to the Parachute School at Lake- hurst, N. J., and learn something about jumping. The course is 12 weeks in length, but I finished it in six weeks. The course included in- struetion in packing and.maintenance, one ‘lift off’ to qualify gnd one line drop.” d * Clark then returned to Anacostia, a parachute expert, and was put in charge of the parachute locker at the station. From then on up until the other day when he arranged the jump of nine men from a Navy plane he has gone up in airplanes and jumped “for the fascination and the kick I get out of it.” All Clark learned at the Parachute School and through experience in Jumping, however, was not calculated to get him out of a tight squeeze in Then pull the ring and by the time the chute begins to open you will be vertical, there is a quick jerk and your speed is checked. “As you fall down through the air before opening the chute, there is a sense of speed and falling, made more evident as the seconds go by owing to the rush of wind, which seems to come in gusts.” Clark has jumped about 75 times, he believes. He never kept a close check on the number of drops, be- cause he is superstitious. Not that by doing so will have any bearing on future jumps, but he, has a general dislike to recording them, and he be- lieves his reasons, although possibly not clear to others, are perfectly reasonable to him. The longest drop Clark has made before pulling the chute is 1,000 feet. This was done about a week ago “Just for the fun of it,” he said. He dove over the side of a De Haviland observation plane at 1,800 feet, and plunged madly downward for 9 4-5 seconds, during which he covered 1,000 feet of space. ‘Then he pulled the ring and all was ‘well. Can Guide Parachutes. Experienced parachute jumpers have a certain amount of control over the Parachutes with respect to guiding them. By pulling down on the right “skirt” or edge of the parachute, a Jjumper can skid to the right, the same applies to the left, and by pulling down the forward part the rate of de- scent can bé increased. This is often resorted to when but a small space is avallable for the jumper to reach, and as he nears the ground he allows which he found himself just a short time ago. He had agreed to give & Jumping demonstration at a nearby city as part of his privately-waged campaign to show the safety of para- chutes.* With Chiet Photographer El- more C. Brauer of the Air Station in the front cockpit, equipped with a mo- tion picture camera to record the jump, Clark and the pilot took off in an Eaglerock commercial plane. all of the Pirate regulars except young Lloyd Waner will take tomor- row off and go back to Pittsburgh for @ rest. Aldridge, Hill and Kremer of the pitching staff, Catcher Earl Smith, the entire regular infield, besides Barn- hart and Paul Waner of the outfield, ‘were ordered by Bush to lay off until reporting for world serles practice Monday at Forbes Field. It was this ninth inning spurt of the Pirates that almost turned the game into a fight. Grantham, who had walked, outguessed the Red de- fense when he raced for home on Smith’s single to right field. Coming in with a wild dash, spikes flying, Grantham knocked Picinich head over heels as the Red catcher leaped to get & high throw. The players rolled in the dirt, then jumped to their feet and squared off. The Pirates came out on the run from their dug-out and 80 did the Reds, but after a few hot words the trouble blew over. Donohue Official Victim. Jakle May, southpaw, was on the mound for the Reds during the last five innings, but the defeat was charged to Donohue, who had retired only one man, Lloyd Waner, when he left thei box urider a barrage of suc- cessive hits laid down by Barnhart, P. ‘Waner, Wright, Traynor and Gran- tham. . Ray Kolp, taking up the burden, ‘Wwas touched for a hit by Smith that produced the fitth run, but he held the Pirates scorcless through the fourth, fetiring in tavor of May after hurting bis leg in a slide to second base. ‘The Corsair crew earned its rest to- ay. Getting off to a five-run lead in he first inning, when Donohue was shelled from the mound by five suc- cessive hits, the Pirates saw their lead dwindle and almost vanish as the Reds battled uphlil, fighting tenacious- ly and taking advantage of cracks in the Pirate defense. i Kremer Roughly Treated. { Kremer, who had been unbeatable &qr a month previous, was knocked ut of the box in the fourth after be- ng touched for nine safe hits. The spectacled Carmen Hill, another mound ace, also was shelled from the mound in the sixth. Miljus came to the rescue in this inning, but he, too, was threatened by another Red spurt In the seventh that came within a run of tying the score before it was checked. An error by Grantham of Dressen’s roller and a passed ball by Earl Smith helped put Miljus in a hole in the sev- enth, but Grantbam's recovery and throw to Smith, retiring Picinich at the plate, broke up the last Red rally. Miljus aliowed only one hit in the last 4wo innings while the Pirates broke through in the ninth for two runs that put the game on ice. Class Fight Fatal. FREDERICK, Okl.., October 1 (/) p—Arthur Jamerson, 17 years old, died flast night in a local ‘hospital from {burns received in a class fight Thurs. {aay night at Tipton. Jamerson, presl. dent of the junior class at Tipton igh School, was burned when he ai mpted to prevent the freshmen from ing fire to an &dis: - o liarindiioie Plane Did Spin. “I had given'instrutions to the pilot before taking off to fly down the cen- ter of the fleld, over which I would jump,” Clark said. “The pilot evi- dently misunderstood me, for he came down the edge of the fleld. Had I jumped over that place, I would have landed in a graveyard. Subsequently I thought I should have jumped any- way. “However, I yelled to him to turn over into the center of the fleld and he gave hard left rudder. I was stand- ing on the wing at a point where it Joins on to the fuselage and holding onto the cowling of the cockpit. Im- mediately the plane went into a tight spin. I couldn’t get into the plane because centrifugal force pre. vented me. We made three turns and lost -about 400 feet. Brauer, in the front seat, was horrified. I'll never forget that expression. His eyes were as big as saucers. “As we were spinning, I thought of Lieut, Barksdale, who was killed while trying to get out of his plane which was in a flat spin. So I de- clded to leave the ship. In that mo- ment of hesitation before the plane ;’enn its fourth turn I shoved off ree. “But this was not the end of it. I was falling downward and the plane Wwas spinning down directly on top of me. I was afrald to pull the cord be- cause my descent would be checked and the plane would land on top of me. So I continued to fall free. It was one mad race. I kept watching !hg ground and then the ship. ‘The ground kept coming up faster and faster, and at what I thought was about 450 feet, I decided I'd have to do something. So I pulled the cord. The 'chute unfurled and at that mo- ment old John Eaglerock came out of the spin, about 100 feet on top of me. My only thoughts on the way down were to get the ‘chute open and keep clear of the plane I thought was goin, to spin into the ground. This stu about your past, present and future coming up befors you s all bunk. I didn't realize what a close call it was until T landed and had time to think it over, Looked Like Good Show. “The people on the ground thought it was a wonderful show. They were all enthusfastic, and no doubt would have liked to see it done again. But there were a few pilots there and they were white and scared stiff. They dldn’t tell the other people, though, just what a good show they did see. Clark {s 34 years old and has chest- nut-brown hair. After the foregolng experience the hair was chestnut- brown and still is—not a gray one in sight. The air station’s champlon para- chute jumper believes it takes about 10 jumps for an individual before he actually gets a lot of enjoyment out of it. The best way to clear an afr- plane is to dive right over the side head foremost, like diving into water. | When the jumper does this, he plunges down head over heels and in all positions. “We never take the same course “The best wa; a good wallop, beela age on & relieve yourself of to wait until your OEA9B- s With the R ce,” Clark explains. ' the 'chute to retain its normal shape. Shortly before his feet are due to strike the earth Clark grabs the shroud lines and gives a quick tug, breaking the speed and making a gen- tle landing. Normally Clark falls about 300 feet before pulling the cord. He uses no counting system, but recommends to beginners that they count ‘‘one thou- sand and one, one thousand and two, one thousand and three” and then pull the ring. This will guarantee that they are clear of the ship if making a voluntary jump. In emergencies like the spinning Eaglerock, however, no rules will apply. Clark declares the parachutes now used in the United States Air Service are the best that can be developed for a long time. “We'll have to go a long ways before we can get some- thing better,” he sald. Of course there are always some minor improve- ments being made, but the seat or b':clk type remains the same in prin- ciple. Has Lots of Confidence. The parachutes under Clark’s com- mand at the air station are opened, aired, inspected and repacked every 80 days. Once every six months they are taken up and dropped from 600 feet with a 200-pound weight. Clark has unlimited confidence in the efficiency of the parachutes, ex- plaining if he did not have, he would not jump as often as he does. He estimates that about 40,000 voluntary parachute jumps 'have been made since the device was perfected. The lite of a ‘chute, with good care, is at least four years to his knowledge. Clark holds the distinction of be- ing the first jumper to give to the public a vivid description of what a parachute jumper sees and does. With a 17-pound motion picture camera strapped on his chest, Clark went aloft and jumped out. As he jumped clear of the plane, he pressed a but- ton which started the camera. Then he fell for a few seconds and pulled the cord. The moving pictures were James T. Clark, aviation chief machinist’s mate of the Anacostia N Air Station, who has made more than 70 parachute jumps, photographed in one of his drops. Inset, Clark in his jumping paraphernalia. given wide clrculation by the news reel agencles. The highest Clark ever has jumped is 5,000 feet, and the lowest, ahout 450 in the Eaglerock incident. Some day he hopes to break the world's al- titude record parachute jump, held by Capt. A. H. Stevens of the Army Alr Corps at 24,000 feet. COAL STRIKE ENDS IN ILLINOIS AFTER SIX-MONTH TIE-UP (Continued from First Page.) they can buy more, but they are buy- ing pit clothes and equipment that will enable them to go again into the underground workings and mine coal. LITTLE EFFECT IN OHIO. Operators Say They Will No Longer Deal With Unions. CLEVELAND, October 1 (#).—J. L. Good, secretary of the Ohio Coal Ope- rators’ Association, issued a statement tonight on behalf of “all Ohio coal operators,” declaring settlement of the Illinois mine strike would have no bearing on the Ohio situation. “They are competitors of ours just as West Virginia and Kentucky are. What settlement they make does not in the least affect the Ohlo mine status. “We have made various overtures to Ohio miners and they have refused to accept our proposals. We will no longer deal with them and will con- tinue our policy of putting Ohlo mines in_operation with non-union labor.” Mr. Good said that he was speaking for S. H. Robbins, president of the Ohio Operators’ Assoclation. Further comment on the Illinois set. tlement was refused. OHIO UNION SEEKS PEACE. Secretary Says His Organization Would Welcome Agreement. COLUMBUS, Ohio, October 1 (#).— Ohio mine union officials would wel- come an agreement similar to the one reached between operators and miners in Illinois today, according to G. W. Savage, secretary of the United Mine Workers of America, district 6, with headquarters ' here. ‘When informed by the Associated Press of the agreement reached in Chi- cago today Mr. Savage said: “I believe that is the solution to the difficulties. It is a step forward, and a most bene- ficlal move for the good of the in. dustry. I feel confident that a similar agreement could be reached in Ohio, it the operators would consent to such a conference.” Lee Hall, president of district 6, could not be reached for a statement as he is en route to San Francisco for the American Federation of Labor convention. Contracting Firm Bankrupt. Claude R. Clark and Charles R. Clark, trading as Charles R. Clark & Son, Co., contractor, at 512 Fifteenth street southeast, vesterday filed a pe- tition in voluntary bankruptey. The concern lists its debts at $47,719.92 and estimates its assets at $3,420. Cigar smoke is more injurious to the cyes than that from pipe or cig- arette, says a British expert. The Bank that Makes You , a Loan with a Smile B> —it is The terms of Morris Plan Loans " are simple and practical ond fair not necessary to have had anaccount at this Bank to borrow. For each $60 or Jraction borrowed you agree to de- it $5 a month the note when due. Deposits may be e on a weekly, semi- monthly or monthl you prefer. $540 $45,00 $1,200 $100.00 $6,000 $500,00 Loans are pass- ed within a_day or two after filing a p' ] } ::: tion— wi excep- tions. MORRIS PLAN notes are usually made 1 year, they may ven for any of from 3 t0 12 months. MORRIS PLAN BANK Under Supervision U. S. Treasury 1408 H Street N. W., Washington, D, C. OCTOBER 2, FLYNGWEATHER | OVER OCAN DS Ruth Elder Hopes for Favor- able Take-Off Soon, De- spite Kimball Dictum. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK, October 1.—The ocean- flying season was unofficially closed today, but hope of being the first voman to make the passage died slow- 1y in the hearts of two American girls. Dr. James H. Kimball, weather bu- reau meteorologist who has furnished all this year's flyers with atmospheric data, was the one who announced that the scason was at an end. Good Weather Unlikely. “I would not care to say that there will be no good flying weather in October,” he told the Associated Press, “but it s extremely unlikely, at pres- ent the weather is incomparably worse than that encountered by any of the past season's aviators.” Bowing to his_dictum concerning today's weather, Ruth Elder and her pilot, George Haldeman, announced that thelr projected flight to Paris was again postponed, but expressed hope that they might be able to get off on Monday. Miss Grayson Ready. The plane purchased by Miss Frances Grayson, in which she 'planned to the ocean with a man pilot like Miss Elder, was also kept at Curtiss field in readiness for a flight, should conditions improve. Both girls refused to relinquish hope for transatlantic flichts this year as yet, but experienced airmen’ agreed with Dr. Kimball that the chance of securing favorable conditions so late in the season were of the slimest. GERMANS' HOP POSTPONED. Reports of Contrary Winds Hold Up Take-off. NORDERNEY, Germany, October 1 (#).—The Junkers’ plane G-24, which was scheduled to take off on a trans- atlantic flight to the United States by way of the Azores today, did not start because of reports of contrary winds brtween the Azores and Newfound- Takes Mother Out. Cornesnondence of The C.ar. DETROIT, Mich.—A husband has obtained a temporary injunction from the presiding judge of Circuit Court restraining his stepdaughter from taking her mother out with her at night. The man claims his stepdaugh- ter has been taking her mother to late dances. reat safety! Great convenience! Great idea! Great Heavens, Why Didn’t Some one think of It before! Insulated Milk Cabinets, of course! | One woman tells Another “Because They &jl Mean protection”! Against the - Neighborhood Dog and Cat —Souring —Freezing —Contamination Available to Customers of This Dairy Only At small cost! DRSS NS2x D2 — Ask for one! 1927—PART 1. STATISTICAL PUZZLES SOLVED SOFELLEDBY HEAT - BY INTERNAL REVENUE WIZARD Joseph S. McCoy Describes; Methods Employed in His Work as Actuary. Data Furnished Prevented Uncertainty in Financing U. S. Part in War. How some of the most difficult esti mates in the Government are arrived at by the Government actuary. Joseph 8. McCoy, is disclosed for ‘the first time by him in the Internal Revenue News, official publication, out yester- day. ! Nir. McCoy holds a post of reat! importance to the Treasury l)‘:)mrlv{ ment and to Congress as well, which calls upon him for estimates of all kinds as to future returns. Of kindly nature, with a genial smile and engaging disposition, Mr. McCoy makes friends with all who come in contact with him. And all who have known him take off their hats to his wizardry at figures. Data of Great Value. “The Bureau of Internal Revenue,’ says Mr. McCoy. “is accumulating data of incalc@lable value. Without these data financing the World War would have been a blind venture. “When estimating for the 1013 in- come tax law lack of data became ac- centuated. Several States had nicely framed income tax laws that should have been, but were not, large pro- ducers of revenue. The English law produced much revenue, but th could not even estimate the number of income tax payers. Finally, as basis, statistics covering a couple of States, parts of the German Empire, were used. Of course, allowance had to be made for the great difference in conditions. An estimate was so made, and later proved to be remarkakbly accurate. Compare this with the esti- mate for the excess profits tax. The data of the bureau then covered Fed- eral corporation tax for several years. Early in 1918, from these data, I esti- mated the yield for that year at $2,500,000,000, the largest annual rev- enue from any one source in the world’s history. In 1921 the ‘Statis- tics of Income' for 1918 gave the re- turns for this tax as $2,505,565,930 “Since then the work of the bureau has been of daily aid in answering questions of all kinds, in addition to estimating revenue, “When the 1928 revenue act was being formulated I was asked by the JOSEPH S. McCOY. House committee the effect upon the revenue of increasing the age limit for dependent children entitled to the $400 credit from 18 years to 21 years. The ‘Statistics of Income’ gave me the total of all personal credits. It also gave me by tabulation the num- ber of returns of married persons and heads of families and of single per- sons. From this the total personal credits at $2,500 and $1,000—the 1924 allowances—were computed, so glving me the credit for dependents, princi- pally children not over 18 years of age. Dividing by 400 gave me the number of these children. Life tables then gave me the number of these that would be living from 18 to 21 years of age. Basing the imat upon the above, $6,000,000 was my swer. ien asked last year how many ires there were in the United tudy of the income tax re- ral years, tracing groups of income in certain States through several years and segregating the sources of income led to an estimate of 11,000 as the answer. Stockholders Estimated. “Last Winter I was asked how many Individual stockholders there were in the United States. An ex- haustive study of the inconie tax re- turns was made, revealing the fact that about one-half of corporate divi- dends paid no individual income tax. ‘The difficulty in this problem is that duplication of stockholders is so great that the sum of the stockholders of all corporations is many times the million State number of persons holding stocks. By ATIRON HORSE FAIR Two First-Aid Stations Rap- idly Filled as 75,000 Attend Exposition. BALTIMORE, Md, October 1.— Fifty persons were prostrated with | the heat this afternoon at the Balti- {more & Ohio’s railroad fair of the |Iron Horse at Halethrope. Two rail- road cars fitted out as first ald sta- | tions were goon filled, and an emer- ney station was established In the ge Washington Tavern. pecial trains from Washington, | Philadelphia and other out-of-town | points all brought record crowds, and | when the pageant started, at 2:15 | o'clock, 75,000 persons wers in at- | tendance, Among the specially invited guests today were: Vincent Massey, Canadian Minister to the United States; Fred- erick D. Underwood, chairmrn of the board of directors of the Erle Rail- road, and formerly president of the same company, and Maj. Gen. Tasker Bliss, retired. President Daniel Willard of the Bai- timore & Ohio gave a luncheon in his special dining car for some of the distinguished visitors, including Dr. Edward C. Elliott, president of Pur- due University; Charles . Osborn. former governor of Michigan, and Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, chairman of the board of directors of the Pitts. burgh & Lake Erie Railroad. POLISH ENVOY GIVES CUP. Jan Ciechanowski, Polish minister to the United States, has donated a handsoms silver cup for award in the officers’ international jumping class at the international horse show to be held in New York city in November. Teams representing the United States Army and several European countries will compete for the cup, which is to be placed in the hands of Secretary Dwight F. Davis at the War Department at noon tomorrow. comparing the dividends received in each income class for a number of years, and especially studying the larger individual returns and also the smaller, a basis for an estimate was arrived at. My answer as of January 1, 1927, was approximately 8,000,000 stockholders. REMARKABLE WATER HEATER AT A VERY EXTRAORDINARY . almost human. 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