Evening Star Newspaper, August 25, 1927, Page 8

8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.....August 25, 1027 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: ' 11ty 8t Pennsylvania Ave. 1 mew Fork Sfter TT0HaR SN0, i Chic: Tower Builoing. agg _Offi European Office: Regent St..‘London. Engl The Evening Star with the Sunday mom- ng edition ia delivered by carriers within the city at G0 cents per miont] S cents per month: Kundays oty 20 per mon rders may e sen Totonnons Bain 0BG Collection iv oia carrier at end of each month. conts {1 or by Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. gmv and Sunday....1 vr. $0.00: 1 mo. aily only. . ¥T.. $8.00: 1 mo’. B unday only. 2151, $3.00¢ ¥ mo! 35¢ All Other States and Canada. 151 S1300: 1 mo. 81,00 It 4007 1 mo.. i 4.00° 1 Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitied 0 the Use for republication of all news Cig- atches oradited 10 1t or not otherwise cred- fted in this paper and Also the local news published herein. All iiehts of publication of specal dispatches herein ars also reserved. mo.. Thievery and Communism. Paris officials are now convinced that the mobs which raged through the streets of the French capital the other night volcing anathemas upon America because of the execution of Sacco and Vanzetti were largely com- posed of and certainly headed by thieves, who thus sought to manufac- ture an opportunity for looting on a large scale. It is impossible, of course, to determine the numbers of these professional crooks as compared with those who were sincerely aroused to the pitch of violent protest. But Paris unquestionably contains enough van- dals and professional criminals to or- &anize and conduct a disturbance of this kind on a large scale. It is known that in the course of the so-called demonstrations against the United States great quantities of goods were stolen from the shops and that the damage inflicted amounted to several million francs. There is little real difference be- tween the professional thieves and eriminals who thus manifested in Paris and the rank and file of the ex- treme radicals who seize upon an oc- casion of this kind to agitate for a change in government institutions. The criminals and thieves are trying to take the property of others. Com- munists are trying to rob society of its safeguards as well as its property. The Communist is, after all, a would- be thief on a political scale. Russia’s communistic experiment has been chiefly marked by the whole- #ale appropriation of property. Estates and valuable assets of the old regime have been seized on an enormous scale. Lands have been taken from their owners and distributed among the peasantry. Dwellings hive been forcibly transferred from their former possessors and allocated to supporters of the commune. Securities, jewels cepted is not known. It was estab- lished, however, and it may withstand the rivalry of this newly discovered version. The “Bold Britons” version has somewhat the better of the case, for it is the more likely. It has the dramatic element which somehow is lacking in the longer and more argu- mentary form. It was certainly like Nelson to set the pace and ask his men to follow him. However this may be, hére are two accounts of something that ought to be definite and not mooted. Did the sailor on the Defence make a mistake in his reading of the signal? Or did the official logkeeper, in the confusion following the battle and the sorrow caused by the death of the commander, set down a more rhetorical phrasing of the famous battle cry? This dis- may precipitate a further re- search. ——————— Judicial Delays. In the course of an address yester- day at the annual convention of the Commercial Law League of America, at Atlantic City, Charles H. Tuttle, United States attorney for the south- ern district of New York, contrasted the effictency of American commerce with the efficiency of American gov- ernment. He sald that while Ameri- can commerce moved to the conquest of the world, American justice too often moved with leaden feet,.even within its own circuit. Citing the Saceo-Vanzetti case as an example, he summarized the situation in the fol lowing language, which shouid be se- riously taken to heart: ‘When over six years elapse between indictment and execution in a notable murder case, the law itself is really the thing tried and condemned. There- by a grave injustice is done to the defendants, whether guilty or inno- cent; the law loses much of its terror for evildoers; organized effort to dis- credit our institutions themselves re- sults, and sober-minded, honest citizens are filled with anxlety as to whether justice, which is so slow and doubtful of itself, is really justice at all. Many have called for reform of our criminal procedure, but the recent incident has convinced public opinion that a change is no longer a matter of mere reform, but of national safety. Otherwise we are certain to allow an accumulation of political grievances in the bank of discontent upon which every species of seditious men may draw at pleasure. Most of the delay in the judicial procedure, notably in the Sacco-Van- zettl case, Is due to the liberality of the law toward the accused. He is given every possible facility for ap- peal. He is granted delays for the preparation of his applications. His attorneys are treated with the utmost consideration. Extensions of time are permitted, and when appeals are de- nied further appeals are allowed. ‘When the Sacco-Vanzetti case is an- alyzed it will be found that most of the time elapsing between indictment THE _EVENING STAR., WASHINGTON, Park, along East Capitol street, through the Capitol grounds, up Penn- sylvania avenue and up Fifteenth street to the “Boundary.” These “herdics” were drawn by two horses. There were no conductors, and pas- sengers deposited their fares in cash boxes controlled by the drivers. With the coming of the motor car the herdic cabs passed, though not immediately. Taxicabs eventually re- placed them, and it has heen many a year since one of the old herdics has been seen on these streets. They ren- dered good service in their day, carry- ing many thousands of people in the course of the years. It was quite “the thing"” in herdic days to take one of them for a theater party in the evening, but arrangements for se- curing were not made as readily as nowadays, for the telephone was not as extensive and cabs could not be summoned with the facility of present service. It is well to recall these earlier times and the means of transport to cause an appreciation of present- day facilities, It is due to the memory of Mr. Eberly, whose is deeply regretted by his fellow zens, to pay tribute to his enterprise which gave Washington a convenience that was highly appreciated in its time as a valuable public service. e Hoover to Stay on the Job. Secretary Hoover is not to quit the cabinet to launch a campaign for the Republican presidential nomination. He has a lot of work to do in the Department of Commerce and a lot more in connection with the Mississippi flood, and he conceives it to be his duty to do the tasks he finds at hand. The country will think no less of Mr. Hoover because of his decision, nor will his chances of the presidency be lessened because he declines to be drawn into an early scramble for dele- gates. It i3 conceivable that the ef- forts of Mr. Hoover’s admirers to put him in the presidential running may reach a point where it will appear seemlyeto him that he should retire from his present post, but that time is mot yet. It has been made plain that he has not sanctioned any move- ment in his behalf, and at least until he does there is no impropriety in his remaining in the cabinet. He cannot be held responsible for what is done without his sanction, and it !s not at all certain that he could stop it if he would. It is gratifying to the country that since President Coolidge took himself out of the reckoning by not choosing to run again, leading Republicans who are regarded as presidential possibili- ties have conducted themselves with such proper dignity. An unseemly scramble for the highest office within and execution was consumed by the defense rather than by the prosecu- tlon. The courts themselves are slow, but largely because of the grace grant- ed to the appellants. In the trials themselves, too, there is undue pro- traction in consequence of the dispo- sition of the courts to allow the de- and other forms of wealth have been stolen. Theoretically these properties have gone into a common pool of state ownership. Actually they have passed into the holding of individuals favored by the new order. Wherein lles the difference, if any, between this form of theft and that which was under- taken by the apaches of Paris the other night? Communism defles the law and seeks to set up its own system. The thief defies the law and institutes in- dividualism. Communism denounces private ownership—it calls it *‘capital- ism"—and would merge all titles into one whole, theoretically for the benefit of everybody, but actually for the ad- vantage of the few. Thievery takes ‘what it can grab for the benefit of the thief regardless of law and owner- ship. Organized society is equally men- aced by these two evil forces—the in- dividual thief and the collective thief calling himself a Communist. Those ‘who advocate radical reforms in gov- ernment of varying degrees, though not quite Communists themselves, are giving 2id and comfort to this common enemy of the state, of the people—this combination of thievery and Com- munism. ——e——————— A number of movie stars are allow- ing themselves to be made more fa- mous for what they have done apart from the screen than for their artistic endeavors. ——————— Paris is in need of a few more tips; not those which relate merely to “pour boire,” but the kind which conveys a Zriendly hint of common sense. —— e ———— “Bold Britons, Follow Me!” Down comes another idol! One more cherished tradition has been smashed. The iconoclasts are never content, but must seek further victims to their de- sire for change, their passion for ac- curacy. This time the “researchers” bave gone after that famous sentence attributed to Admiral Nelson as the battle cry at Trafalgar, the classic contest in which he lost his life. For & century and a quarter it has stood among the world's best-known expres- sions. As the fleets at Trafalgar Jjolned in battle Nelson caused to be broken out at the masthead of his flagship a signal which read, as the world has always been given to un- derstand, “England expects that every man will do his duty.” And the Brit- ish seamen did their duty as England expected. The stirring sentence hi served on many later occasions to in- spire deeds of valor, Recently there was discovered in England a volume which appears to have been a private log book-—in any other line of activity it would be called @ diary—kept by a seaman on H. M. 8. Defence, one of the units of Nelson's fleet at Trafalgar, This seaman was from Nelson's birthplace, the village of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, and he @oubtless had a tremendous admira- tion for his commander. His log book, or diary, has just been found in the possession of his granddaughter. The entry, under date of Monday, October 21, 1805, the day of the battle, reads: “Admiral Nelson made a general sig- nal saying: ‘Bold Britons, follow me! fense the widest latitude in examina- tion of witnesses and the presentation of evidence, Justice is not the more sure for being protracted in procedure, nor is it more certain through multiplication of appeals, chiefly on technicalities. Inasmuch as the defense is always allowed ample time for the prepara- tion of its case, in the obtaining and presenting of testimony, the plea of “new evidence” is rarely valid. In only the most exceptional cases is it needful to reopen a criminal case to hear additional facts of value bearing upon the question of guilt or inno- cence. Yet this plea is repeatedly made and delays are caused in hear- ings on this point. If the law has failed of efficiency in America through tardiness it is be- cause of unwarranted and actually dangerous consideration for the ac- cused. In the present research that is in progress for the purpose of short- ening judicial proceeding the feeling generally prevails that the reform must come through curtaflment of the facilities for delay which the law now permits those who are presumably guilty. Out of the Sacco-Vanzetti case, which affords so striking an example of dilatory justice, may come a change for the better, a change that will not lessen the opportunity of the accused to establish his innocence and will prevent such scandalous spectacles as the lapse of years between accusation and punishment or release. —— e It may yet be necessary to estab- lish a “United Order of Columuists™ to protect the American exponents of pure humor from the insidious intru- slons of the propagandist. Before accepting any invitations to public demonstration Italy offers the discreet suggestion, ‘“‘Ses Mussolini first.” —————— Memories of the Herdics. Death of a highly respected citizen of Washington, Samuel G. Eberly, re- vives memory of a mode of transpor- tation popular more than forty years ago, the herdic cab. This vehicle was the device of Peter Herdlc, who be- came a natlonal figure half a century ago, when he introduced his system of urban transit, a small cab seating four persons, with entrance from the rear. These cabs had been installed in Northern cities when Mr. Eberly became acquainted with the promoter and they decided to introduce them in Washington. They first appeared here in 1882 and became popular. It must be remembered that there were no motor cars in those days. The automobile was only a dream of a few ploneers. The usual means of transport in the citles was the old “hacl and occasionally the hansom cab, the two-wheeled contrivance with the driver seated behind and above the passengers. Herdics became popular at once. They were not especlally speedy, but they were comfortable and safe and were cheaper than the hacks and victorlas that plied the streets. Omnibuses had been installed here long before, two-horse vehicles plying on regular routes. An amplification of the herdic cab came in vogue to There is no other evidence than this, ot an eyewitness and participant. Just how the other, the classic, ren. { dering of the slgnal came to by ag .| supplant these early “carryalls” and their gift always has left a bad taste May we address a fow words of remonstrance to those who play the organs for the big broadcasting sta- tions? Perhaps there is no musical instru- ment that comes over better than the organ, the majestic tones of which thrill via the medium of ether in much the same way they do in a church. What is the sense, then, we would like to ask, of attempting to emulate, on this great king of instruments, the Dleasing softness of the flute, or the solo violin? This is, to our ears, single crime committed players over the radio. Here we have the set adjusted nicely. The speaker is ready and willing to absorb large quantities of sound waves, and to throw them out at us in more or less their true musical form. We want the deep crash. the fine bellow, the intensity, without tonal bottom, of the wonderful instrument called the organ. KFrom almost the first days of radio broadeasting, the organ has enjoyed wonderful popularity. Even with the old, crude sets, that took knack to tune, the organ tones came over wonderfully well—so well, indeed, that the instrument has re- tained its place in radio broadeasting to_this day. In fact, there is not a day goes hy that does not hear the organ rolling through the wild, wild waves of the air, bringing pleasure to thousands of listeners. Yet for many of us some of the keen edge is taken off our pleasure by the prevailing habit of radio organists in ins'sting on playing too softly, and in deliberately failing to give us the sonorous chords which constitute the underlying charm of the instrument. * X k¥ the greatest by organ ‘When we listen to the organ. we want to feel that we have heard the organ. We want the tones to come rolling in with the vigor of the surf. We want to be bathed in sound. We can listen to the violin, or to the flute, some other time. ‘Wherefore, we pray you, radio organists, do not attempt to emulate the violin, or eke the flute, or even the stringed quartet. The organ was never made for softness, except in so far as it is superimposed on a firm, deep basis of woven tones. Perhaps this is why we like to hear Wagner on the organ. Even the organist suffering from the next de- fect we shall consider fs compelled to send out real organ tone quality when he plays Wagner. L The next defect we spoke of, at least to our ears, is the habit of so many, too many, organists playing rubato. This is an Italian word, meaning, literally, “robbed.” Tt indi- cates the lengthening of one note at the expense of another. Rubato is a form of syncopation, really, popularized by that great musician, Frederic Chopin, who used it, according to the word of those who heard him, with magic effect. The rubato, under the hands of the prince of pianists, meant something. His sense of rhythm must have been in the mouths of the American people, and histdry discloses that ardent seek- ers of the high office more often than not have suffered disappointment of their hopes. It is to be expected that along next Winter the political pot will begin to boil, and before the early Spring pri- maries there will have to be a show- ing of hands by prospective candi- dates, but in the meantime the coun- try will be not ungrateful for a po- litical moratorium. ———————— Oné of the cheerful reminders brought to attention by archeologists is that ancient palaces did not possess anything to compare with,the com- forts and conveniences of a modern apartment building. ————— It is generally admitted that the average farmer is no business man. Country estates conducted by men of wealth also reveal the fact that the average business man is no farmer. ———————— In order to be a good radio an- nouncer {t is necessary to be a good enough actor to convey the impression that some of the titles are to be taken serlously. JRSSE— SHOOTING STARS BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Threat. Saw a comet in the sky. It really did not scare me, Although for terrors drawing nigh, Pretending to prepare me. Across our ken that comet moves, Like many a prophet “classy,” ‘Who, at the finish, only proves Conspicuous, but gassy. Unrestrained Expression. “Are you willing to say exactly what you think?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “But 1 am going to exercise deep dis- cretion about the subject I put my mind on.” Comparative Costs. “8ilk stockings have become remark- ably cheap.” “Yes,” answered Uncle Bill Bottle. top, “but bootlegs have become ter- rible dear.” Work Wasters. In vain do they their efforts bring And toil redouble Who never seem to make a thing But some new trouble. “Honor,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is not to be had from the volces of the crowd, when a re- lentless conscience accuses.” Jud Tunkins says a man who insists on talking seldom tells you anything. He is usually a natural vocalist who has neglected to take music lessons. Sense of Hospitality. “Are you going to Paris next year?" “I don’t know,” answered Miss Cayenne. “I think I'd rather travel in our own country, where Rotary Clubs put up signs, ‘Welcome to Our City.' " Shaking Up. Cease making the fllvver? Ah, would it be wise? Mankind's torpid liver Still needs exercise. Innocent Bystander. “The radio announcer says stand by " “Yep. Night after night, I have been | ‘Please 8o wonderful that he could hold the first, say, of a group of six eighth- notes, almost the full time-value of the half dozen, then sparkle the remainder in before the count was up. D. O, THURSDAY, AUGUST THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. It may be realized something of a magician as well us a downright human genius to achieve such results. Mostly when an ave iy tries the rubato he gives the hearer the impression that the thing is dif- {fcujt to play. and that he is just stumbling along he ean Radio organisf to feel that playing monki ith the time of a composition some way sets them up in the air as ultra artistic. It takes more than rapid transitions from soft to loud, from siow to fast. to entitle a player to b called artistic There are too many of these moody fellows ambling around on organs. evidently pleasing themselves with the theught that they are terribly “artis tic.” when all the time the hearers who know music are wishing they would play it : ten. that it takes “Mus | the motto placed in ever ing station | We have been hoping for the past jvear that some orchestra, band or organist would play Rubinstein’s “Ruinenow Ostrow™ correctly, but in- stead of doing that they drag it out until one gets the fidgaty, Organists, in particy much 1h sliding, tions of tone t well be broadeast- indulze too na . the latter fondiy beliaved to be “modern.” whatever that means, or “futuristic,” which means almost nothing at all Proper dissonance (or, at least, wha we call such) has its place in music, and in the crash and rumble of organ music may add a certain zest to a composition, especially when the per- {nr‘m(‘r smooths everything out in the end. The misuse of dissonance, on the other note, merely becomes annoy ing. This is particularly true when the organist plainly indicates to the trained hearer that he mply cov- ering up his mistakes. This trick includes the use runs, slides and other ucrobatics. which add little to music and not much more to the prestige of the performer, unless it be some colora- tura soprano. whose startling loops and dives draw down rounds of ap- plause from those who value such ant In s'milar manner any tenor may get a “hand” if he will s bellow on the last note. if it be a hig succumbed to of We would not imply, that to satisfy us (und feel as we do) it is nece: for an organist, either over the r or in person, to play large, solid chords at all_times. Variation is the s well as of lite. of course others who of music, as Music demands that its full resources be brought into play. Wherefore we ask for a due use of the les i effects. Our point . s we are trying to make it, that the wail of the violin may be given us beiter by a violin than by an organ. that the flute can glve us better flutelike tones than any organ ever built. But nothing, positively, not even the great symphony, can give us the majestic swell of the organ. Only the organ can sound like the organ. Therefore, we plead, when you play the organ, make it sound like an organ. Bathe us in an ocean of sound. We like it. BACKGROUND OF EVENT BY PAUL V. COLLINS. “Why worry?” The tower of Pisa is falling down, though London Bridge seems safe yet. Vesuvius is belching fire and brimstone; Mount Bogoslof, a volcano in the Aleutian Islands, which is alleged to have risen out of the ocean two years ago, is erupting and scaring the fishes around it, with the probability that it will return to the depths, through some terrible explo- sion, $o says a ship captain who sailed within 3 ‘miles of it. In Switzer- land Mount Arbino, 9,000 feet high, is tilting so badly that natives are flee- ing from its cracking base, in antici- pation of its toppling over, and all the goats which had been grazing on its sides have deserted it. ‘Why is the world acting so crazily? Is that due to the proximity of the planet Venus, now glowing so vividly in the sky that thousands of Chinese are scared into burning joss sticks to appease the gods? Let's discover the worst and be pre- pared for the end of the world. There is the Geophysical Laboratory, set upon a hill where it cannot be hid: surely the highbrows of geophysics will break the news learnedly. So the writer asked Dr. Henry S. Washing- ton, who knows the inner regions of the world as few natives know the city of Washington, D. C. He replied: “The tower of Pisa falls down every time some newspaper correspondent has nothing else to cable. A letter was received yesterday from the di- rector of Vesuvius (or something just as intimate) and it never mentione: any unusual disturbance of the old volcano; the volcano in the Aleutian Islands, Bogoslof, supposed to have risen, you say, two yvears ago, has been Known since the beginning of the eighteenth century, and is usually in eruption.” But—there’s a limit even to what Dr. Washington knows— he had never heard of a Swiss moun- tain turning turtle—so “‘why worry?" * oKk ok Then Dr. Washington's conscience hurt, for he had spoiled so many *good stories” with his science that he felt bound to replace them with a better one. “Write up the report just issued by the Carnegie Institute, by E. T. Allen and Arthur L. Day, concerning the utilization of natural steam for power in California. Go back to Italy and tell of the marvelous development of natural steam, by Senator Prince Piero Ginori Conti. He has harnessed the geysers and is heating and lighting the citles within a radius of 60 or 70 miles, and running all the streat cars of Florence, Pisa and half a dozen other cities there. The problem is solved in Tuscany and eventually it will be utilized all over the world, so that the heat of the earth’s interior will supply power for industry. The day will come when our own Yellow- stone Park, with its geysers, will be one of the greatest industrial centers of the world—" “What? Where President Coolidge is today gazing upon Old Faithful and marveling at it, as a scenic wonder?”’ “Yes, like Niagara, Old Faithful and the other geysers will be harnessed to the wheels of industry, just as the steam weils of Tuscany are now work- ing. Such utilization of nature’s in- ner heat is no longer experimental; it is accomplished in Tuscany and soon will be in California, in the Yeliowstone Park and in the Valley of Ten Thou- sand Smokes—in Alaska—and in many places in the Rockies and the Andes. Italy, you may know, has no coal re- sources; but she has already developed her water power to a wonderful ex- tent, her engineers are as good as we have in America—and within the last few years Prince Conti has at last succeeded in his life work of harness- ing the geysers.” * K The report of Prince Conti's work appears in the paper the prince him- self read hefore a World Power Con- an innocent bystands “A loud voice,” said Uncle Eben, “Is no influence over de dice. But it ad- .|ran on schedule through the streets. -!The main ling was from a point in - Sgutheast nesr Lincoln vertises to surrounding suc de ast & game is goln’ on.’ ference in Wembly, Great Britain. Since 1904 the prince has been gen- resulting from the condensation of the soffioni steam.” “Soffioni” is the name given to the Tuscany geysers. The geysers *‘differ from ordinary gey- sers because they emit steam instead of alternate jets of steam and water. They are typical steam springs, and water is only incidentally mixed with or carried by the steam itself. The peculiar hissing noise of these springs has caused them to be called by the name of ‘soffioni’ which can be roughly translated by the words ‘vents’ or ‘blow holes.’ * kK x % The soffoni are in eight groups, all }fl:‘hhln an area of 100 square miles, These spots, which can a'most be styled ‘negative cases,’ are surround- ed by ordinary vegetation,” says the prince. The steam coming out of crevices is superheated and contains some gases. The prince's first experi- ment in harnessing this steam was made July 4, 1904, with a very small steam engine driving a little dynamo lighting a few electric lamps. In the following year he rigged up a larger engine to a larger steam spring, with the view of observing how the engine would run and the effect of the gases urgn it 6 reports: “This engine, an old Cail, stood the test bravely, and for over 15 years has been steadily work- ing, d. and night, giving 5 horsepower and driving a dynamo.” In 1916 he installed a turbine unit and has since en'arged it and added two other units, with addition: wi_‘lllli 'llx'lllf‘d to a depth of feet, with the result that he now gets 120,000 kilos of steam per hour ftoll'n the one soffione—blow hole—with 12 wells. He uses the natural steam for drilling additional wells, and the deeper the wells, the hotter and more abundant is the steam. Some later drilled wells produce 25,000 kilos of superheated steam per hour for each well. It is believed that the origin of the steam is very deep, and that ft ©00zes through the strata and cmerges from the many soffloni, but all comes from the one deep source, * ok ok % Speaking of the possible develop- ment of natural steam power, outside of Italy, Prince Conti said: “‘The splendid geysers of Iceland are well known. They have been studied merely from a geological point of view, but I believe that it would be extremely interesting to ascertain their physical characteristics, espe- cially as to the quantity of steam with a view to separating the actual steam from the water, on the lines I have followed at Larderello. “In America, the whole of the mountainous range forming the back- bone of that continent is of volcanic origin and several of the most impor- tant volcanoes actually existing are to be found in the Andes. “At the extreme northwest of that continent, in Alaska, a violent erup- tion of the Katmai Volcano, in 1912, covered a large valley with cinders and lava. “The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes s perhaps the most impos- ing_example in existence of post-vol- canic phenomena. * * * The region i too remote from the industrial zones of America to encourage any pros- pects of immediate development, but 1 consider that the future progress of electrical engineering may perhaps alter the methods of transmitting elec- tric_ power in such a manner as to render feasible the conveyance of power from very large distances. “‘California is certainly better situat- ed from the point of view of actual Industrial development and possesses a volcanic district in Sonoma County, about 75 miles north of San Francisco, where geysers and springs are nu- merous.” * X %k K It is in these Sonoma County gey- sers in the Lassan National Park that experiments have been conducted eral director of the Larderello boric acid works, located in Tuscany. Boric acid is made there “in con- centrating by means of natural heat soll or grges centigmda. since 1922. Drilling operations in the geysers develop, at a depth of 500 feet, a temperature of from 130 to 165 de- grees centigrade,, (One hundred de- s t | | interest to soclety, | earned values, 25, 1927, 23 Defense of Radicalism In the Sacco Case To the Editor of The Star: Somehow it seems very wicked to me that the propaganda of the times should put any one into the pathetic frame of mind in which your corre spondent, Ada Louise Townsend, finds herself. It is largely the result of such publicity as is given to “Legion officials” like Ferre (. Watkins, as published in The Sunday Star, who is rampant to unsheath the bayonet and rattle machine guns, talkatively, against an imaginary foe. There are a few peopie. perhaps, although no one has ever met any of them, who would replice tke Stars and Stripes with the red flag, but there are a lot of radicals, One of our great conservative influences that ough many hampered and revised its position only ry to perpetuate itself is the Christian church. /The inspira tion of the church is the conspicuo radical on the pages of histor: Every step in human advancement has been marked by the abandon ment of old ideas and the adeption s ones—the triumph of a radical The Declaration of Ine ce is perhaps the most radical politien] document ever subseribed to--by rebels and radicals 5 It is related that a King of Sia was very favorably impressed a traveler and interested in tne many things he had to tell. When the trav- eler told the King that it was so cold in his country that the rivers hecame ice and so strong that an elephant might walk across one the King knew he was lying, and all the friendship that had growa up between them was ruined, Generally spes striving to tell . m th ng. the radicals are me truth of vital but the truth is so unrcasonable in the light of our stereotyped education that the radical finds himself in the same predicament as the traveler in Siam. One wonders if Ada Louise Town send read in The Saturday Star of the man who confessed to a murder in which he had no part because he W sure the district attorney would fasten it on him. Mr. Taft said “our criminal prac- tice is a d ivili " and except that the humanity tom knows from contact and obser- vation that our criminal courts seethe with brutal injustice the claims ot the Sacco-Vanzetti defense would have stimulated very little interest. These people feel, and with consider- able justification, that these ricign were not fairly treated and feel ve bitterly against our institutions, as almost every one does who has come in contact with them. Unfortunately, the radical has to contend not only with his own ignorance but the igno- rance of those to whom he appeals, so he is easily discredited by the propaganda that extols existing con ditions wherein a milllon men are too poor because a thousand men are too rich. 1 do not happen to know just what red” is. I should say he was an dual who would turn our insti- without knowinz them, but T any ‘red deluded a indi tutions topsy-turvy with what to replace have never encountered vropaganda.” The red is a individual, usu: s y contention. sts and the E L condemned but none of them advo- te anything conflicting with our Constitution or traditions. In this Government “of the people, for the people and by the people” there seems to be no good reason why we should not “eliminate the parasite” which is the ambition of the I. W. W. or have ‘“governmental control of the machinery of production.” which is the Socialistic idea, or shift the taxes from thrift and industry onto un- which is the tax scheme, provided enough of ‘“‘we the people” want any one of these programs. Mr. Lincoln once said, “The partisan who will not h both sides is dishonest.” And not so very long ago Mr. Wilson said, “Every man with any vision must se> that a radical change is coming. ‘The patri- otic thing is to strive with the radicals to make America as decent and virtu- ous as it pretends to be. Only a de- luded ignoramus would strive toover- throw our form of government, which is undoubtedly the best ever devised, but practically America is so bad that the truth sounds unreasonable to the average citizen in comfortable circum- stances who lacl the energy and quality of good citizenship. J. B. MBERLAIN. as radicals, PHILOSOPHIES BY GLENN FRANK As one by one international con- ferences on the limitation of arma- ments end in tragic futility, the whole world, for all the bland professions of peaceful intent, faces afresh the almost certain catastrophe of another | suicidal competition in arms. As the world is organized, all na- tions will run in the armaments race unless all nations, or at least the dominent ones, agree on an iron clad limitation of armaments. . 1 set this down with a heaviness, not to say sickne: c War is the ult The next war may the suicide of civilization. In the next war there will be no ruies of the game. The distinction between combatants and non-combatants will be wiped out. The sweater-knitting debutante will be as legitimate a {arget as the griz- zled gunner. The next war will mark the burial “prove € ry, bled weak by the last war, will die on the first battlefield. When the world fights again, it will be an orgy of scientific savagery. Clearly, any Senator, Congressman, | or President who does no dedicate himself to an effort to limit arma- ments and to outlaw war in some effective way, or who trifles with inter- national policy for any petty advan- tage, is a traitor to the human race. | But the world is so interrelated that until all nations, or the decisive majority of natlons, display an econ- omic statesmanship that will remove the major causes of war and agree upon a limitation of armaments that will remove the tempting instruments of war, every nation will polish its suicide’s weapons, build navies, train armies, and stretch its wings in wai like preparation. @ Today economic statesmanship is at a minimum. And governments talk blandly of armament limitation in one breath | and in the next permit negotiations to reach a pass that is likely to result in naval and military expansion. And, added to all this, the world is in a moral slump. When a new international order failed to arise automatically after the armistice in 1918, we returned, under the cover of fine professions of fair intentions, to the old order of com- petitive armaments and poisonous suspiclons. In ch a world the average nation will feel that it has no choice but to make decent defensive prep- tions. It is & game we have to play even while we work to destroy the game. ! And there lies the tragedy! (Covyright. 1027.) of water at sea level) There has been no attempt yet in California to har- ness the natural steam, but the experi- ments of Allen and Day have been con- fined to ascertaining its temperature, volume and gaseous mixture: (Cobsriaht, 3087, by-Paul V. Collinel). lly a radical deranged | single | Q. What ships?—L. E, A. The Navy Department says that this term is more or less elastic and refers to the larger and more modern | naval vessels, | Q. 1s there a big year?—F. P. A. The Bureau of Plant Industry | says that this year's crop of hay is the largest crop recorded, according stimates that have been received. ppiies to tame hay. The timo- thy production in the North Central States and in the Southeastern States | is the largest. There is a greater pro- { auction in every State in the Union with the exception of Oklahoma, Utah, Colorado and California. | Q. Is Black Tom Island connected with the nland by land?—W, F. A. A. B Tom Island is really a peninsula which extends out from the Jersey shore toward Bedloe's Island in New York Bay is meant by capital | bhay crop this Q. What member of Roosevelt's |cabinet was continued in the Taft cabinet '—C. B. A. George von L. Meyer, who was Postmaster General in Roosevelt's cabinet, was made Secretary of the Navy by President Taft. Q. What is done with uninfected | children whose parents are in leper { colonies?—W, N. A. An effort is made to separate them from their parents. In the Culion leper colony in_the Philippines 285 children under 15 years of age were removed in 1925. They were put in nurseries. institutions or with friends. Periodical health examina- tions are given them, school training is provided, and they correspond with their parents. & How long was a league?—R. | A. The league is an ancient meas- ure of land, whose length varied in the different countries. It ranged from 2.42 to 4.6 English tute miles. Q. What is the oldest cultivated fiber plant?—G. R. A. Hemp Is said to be. Tt was in China as early as 2800 B.C. Q. To what country does Libya be- long? How many Europeans live there?—E. S. A. It is an Italian colony on the north coast of Africa. The total popu- lation is 770,000, of which 7 per cent are Europeans. About 30 per cent are Arabe, 23 per cent Jews and 40 per cent negroes, grown Q. How long are the Volga and the Danube rivers?—M. C. A. The Volga is 2,300 miles long and the Danube 1,725 miles in lengti. ! Q. How many people belong to the National Geographie Society?—R. H. A. The organization ended the year of 1926 with a membership of more than 1,050,000. Q. How much does the patachute of an airplane cost?—G. W, A. The ordinary Army parachute costs between $200 and $330. Q. Where in this country was the first law passed against cruelty to {animals?—N. H. A. The earliest was passed by the chusetts Colony in 1641, provid- At no man shall exercise any or cruelty towards any brute creatures which are usually kept for the use of man.” are B. J. € A. Durirg the ecarly years of its history the streets of Paris were so quaggy that the French court in de rision called the inhabitants “frogs.” Q. voc: standing of J. G. A. The spoken vocabulary is more limited than the written and the written more limited than _the vocabulary which one is able to read. Frenchmen called How does a man's speaking sulary compare with his under: the written word?—R. | the — e ———————————— ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC ). HASKIN. The University of Jowa has made an extensive study of the subject, and in a publication has issued a list of 10,000 words most accurately used in writing. It has been estimated thar 8,000 words is a good average vocabulary. It has also been esti mated that a 1,000-word vocabulary is average for a laborer. The estimated vocabulary of high schoo! students varies so widely that the: hesitate to quote figures. It ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 and 5,000. Q. Where 1s the headquarters ef the Legue of Red Cross Socteties?— S. R. A. It is In Paris, at Avenue Velasquez. There are 51 socisties represented in the league. Q. Has New Orleans a new hotel called the “Carnival”?—H. A. A. Plans for the hotel are com- pleted and announced. Work will be begun as soon as the site is prepared. The hotel is to have 300 rooms and cost $2,000,000. Q. How many leper colonies has the United States?—G. P. A. The United States maintaius three leper colonies, one in the Philippine Islande. one in Hawail and one in the United States proper at Carville, La. Q. What is the range of a bird's eyesight?—J. G A. Scientific _experiments made in Great Britain have revealed the fact that a thrush sees a worm squirming in grass 100 yards away; that a swal- low can see gnats 40 yards awa and that a sparrow detects a_crumb or pea at a distance of 50 yards; that the vision of vultures a agles is still keener, Q. What is the largest family on record?—E. M. F. A. Robert Cook, editor of a medi- cal publication in Washington, D. C., cites as the most authentic case of & large family that of Dr. Mary Austin, a Civil War nurse, who claimed to have borne 44 children—13 sets of twins and 6 of triplets. . What is the real meaning of “Allelula”?—1L. A. A. It may be literally translated as “All hail to Him who is!" Q. What is the source of the phrase, “I have been faithful to thee, Cynara! in my fashion”?—W. R. A. The line fs from “Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno ( narae,” by Ernest Dowson. This poem is the first of the series pub- lished under the title “Cynara: A Lit- tle Book of Verse by Ernest Dowson.” Q. Is Samuel Goldwyn American born?—S. M. A. He was born in Warsaw, land, in 1882. Q. In what year was the greatest number of employes on the pay roll of the Panama Canal Commission?— SRS A. In 1913, the year before the canal was opened. The number of persons strictly undet the jurisdiction {of the Panama Canal Commission in | that year numbered 05. addl- tion to this number 4, smployed on Panama railroads United States Government. Q. How much money do American tourists spend abroad?—S. H. . It is estimated that they are spending $650.000.000 abroad this year. Most of it is spent in Europe; at least $250,000,000 in France. Po- Have we had_the pleasure of serv- ing yow through our Washington Ine formation Burcau? Can't we be of some help to you in your daily prod- “ms? Our business is to furnish yow with authoritative information, and we invite you to ask us any question of fact in which you are interested. Send your inquiry to The Evening Star Information Burcau, Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. [nclose 2 cents in stamps for returs nostage. Changes in France and in the per. sonal appearance of the veterans of the World War are observed by the people of this country, as the Ameri- | can Legion is on its way for the big convention in Paris. Staid business men return to the old scenes in which younz men were the participants 10 vears ago. An unprecedented gather- ing has its phase of adventure and new inspiration, while it is also “wel- comed as a means of influencing in- ternational relations. Describing the pilgrimage as one unequaled in history, the Columbus Ohio State Journal predicts that “all civilized nations will watch it with deepest ‘nterest,” and that ‘“oppor- tunity for another action so dra- matie, so filled with appeal, may never be offered.”” The Spokane Spokesman-Review _sees “a glorious adventure for the Legiennaires” and an *‘adventure rich in opportunitv for fostering good will among the former allies with whom the first A. E. F. was ussociated.” The Oklahoma City Daily_Oklahoman lauds members of the Legion for “the courage they manifested in the supreme crisis of the ages.” “Their project Is a romance, and splendor and pathos are in the back- ground.” says the Cincinnati Times- Star, with the added comment: “But the pathos and splendor of the mo- ment, although felt by all, will not be registered on the surface. There will be much singing, various ribald songs of the camp will be dug up and dusted off and a good deal of indifferent French will take the air again.” The Philadelphia Public Ledger is jm- pressed by the fact that 10 years “has been long enough for man and Nature to go far in removing the scars of war from the fair face of France. This year,” continues the Ledger, “the poppies grow in wheat, as they have from time immemorial, and they grow undisturbed by soldier feet or the passage of guns. * * * Frenchmen have the heart to be gay again.” x X X X ateful days of 1917, recalls Paul Dispatch, haki-clad ring the accouterments of . they were crowded by the thou- sands on troopships, carefully con-} yed, and sailed away, bravely fac- ing whatever fate might have in store for them. * * * How different the departure now!” And the Passaic Daily Herald suggests that “they are staid citizens now. Many will be ac- companied by their wives. They are bent on revisiting th> scenes of their great adventure, when life was being ived in a day and when tomorrow was crossed by a question mark. What fun (and disillusionments) the still unmarried Legionnail will have in looking up mademoisell “The battleflelds will be green with >rops,” advises the Fargo Forum, “and many towns, but a few years ago only skeletons, will show no signs of the conflict. The only reminders of the great tragedy will be the cemeteries with their long rows of white crosses. The Newark Evening News declares that ‘the American Expeditionary Force has given one good account of itself, and is about to render another,” for it visions the reunited buddies on the way “to render an office of pa- triotism and veneration, vet to find | opportunities for frolic not lacking.” The News sees “the Stars and Stripes and the Tricolor of France entwined— old scenes, old associations through eyes grown 10 years olde: “The truth is, whether in clvies, to n the uft! or big consume: negroes in t! ton ' are no small Men of Legion More Mature To Nation Watching Reunion always be welcome in France, and. as in ‘17 and '18, ¢he welcome will be abundantly repaid.” The Philadelphia Inglifrer believes that this convention in Paris “will go down in history as & wonderful idea and a more wonderful and the Erie Dispatch-Her- ald describes It as a “magnificent op- portunity,” with the suggestion that “by rising to the occasion, the Ameri- can Legionnaires and the French peo- ple with whom they are to come in contact will make this event a land- mark in Franco-American history—an event to be remembered with pleasure for generations."” * ok ok Alabama’s place at the head of t American Legion parade is made & bject for congratulation by the An- niston Star, which records that the veterans of that tSate are “alert and on the job,” in view of the importance of the reunion, while the Montgomery Advertiser, referring to the necessity for adequate band music, says that first-class band at the head of the Ala- bama veterans on the great occasion in Paris will evoke stirring memories in the thousands of Frenchmen who watch the boys go by.” “The army of American veterans," as viewed by the Salt Lake Deseret News, “will constitute the most power- ful delegation that has ever been sent abroad on a mission of peace. The doughboys will represent the finest manhood of America, 10 years older and wiser than when they crossed the seas to march like crusaders and to fight in the great struggle for human liberty. ¢ * * They will take with them a pledge of unfailing devotion to the principles of human liberty and an in- tense love of peace through justice and honor.” “A pilgrimage so large as this one,” states the New Bedford Standard. “has deep significance in the fleld of inter- national relations. The visiting Legion- naires and those who accompany them can be ambassadors of good will, much as Lindbergh was. We have no doubt that when the service men leave for home, they will have made a sub- stantial contribution to international good will.” The Kalamazoo Gasette also says: “If the gathering of our for- mer service men in Paris has any ef- fect at all upon Franco-American re- lations, it ought to be favorable rather -han unfavorable., The Legionnaires are going to France primarily to enjoy themselves, but on their sightseeing trips and tours about the country they cannot fall to revive pleasant memories of the international com- radeship which prevailed 10 years ago.” Tobacco Consumption In the United States To the Editor of The Star: In a recent conversation with Mr. D. C. Patterson of Montreal, president of the Imperial Tobacco Ct of Canada, Ltd., the writer was given the following astounding but interest- ing figures concerning the vi quantities of snuff and tobacco used in the United States. In 1926 there were consumed 38,500,000 pounds of snuff, 400,000,000 pounds of tobacco. 8,000,000,000 cigars and 90,000,000,000 igarettes. Most of this tobacco was grown in the States, but today Canada is producing a fine grade in an ever- increasing quantity. It may be of interest to know the alien races are of snuff, as also th South, The convents 1o B. Ri HOWARD. v