Evening Star Newspaper, July 17, 1927, Page 5

CITIZENS T0 STUDY AIRPORT PROPOSAL Advisory Council to Survey Plan Before Signing Recommendations. Action by the District Commission- ers on the recommendations for carrying out the proposed permanent alrport project at Gravelly Point will be delayed, it was announced yester- day afternoon, until a report is re- ceived from the Citizens' Advisory Council. Since the council already has gone on record as voring the establish- ment of an airport for Washington, formal acceptance of the report sub mitted by Maj. W. E. R. Covell, Assistant District Engineer Commis. sloner, is expected soon At the request of James G. Yaden, chalrman of the Citizens' Advisory Council, the District Commissioners ordered the report referred to that hodv 80 that'the views of the council raight be obtained, May Meet Tomorrow. Chairman Yaden will call a meeting of the council probably tomorrow. In a recent communication to the Com- missioners, Mr. Yaden expressed the opinion that the airport project is one in which the Federal Govern- ment has no interest and should be purely a municipal matter. The council last vear, however, recom- mended an appropriation in the sup- plemental deficlency bill to put Wash- ington on the air map. In his report on the advantages to ‘Washington of having an airport lo- cated here, Maj. Covell asked the Commissioners to recommend an in- itial appropriation of $150,000 for starting work on the Gravelly Point site, half the money to come from the District funds and half from the funds of the Federal Government. It would be the first installment of about $765.- 000, the total amount needed to equip a class A field, 3,000 by 3,000 feet, over a five-year period. “It is highly important to take with- out delay the necessary steps to in- sure that Washington will be retained 28 a stop on the New York-Atlanta ‘llr mail route,” the report states. “This can easily be done by comply ing with the requirements laid down by the War Department in order to Secure the temporary use of Bolling Field. Hoover Field can be relied on @s a landing fleld for other commer- clal planes for the next few years. More Advantages Seen. “The location known as the Gravel- Iy Point site seems to offer by far the most advantages for a permanent airport. It pleases me to report that, except for the zealous advocates of particular sites, this location has re- celved the approval of all the bodies that have interested themselves in this problem. Most important from the congressional point of view is the fact that the National Capital Park and Planning Commission has officially approved this site, thereby confirm. ing its opinion previously arrived at by indepencent investigations. This site has also received the approval of the War Department, the Navy De- f:rtment, dt.hf. Department of Com- erce and representatives of the Board of Trade, Chamber of Cox:- merce, Merchants and Manufacturers Assoclation and the Federation of Citizens' Associations. “Its one disadvantage is the time Recessary to develop it with economy, but with the pressing immediate needs cared for and with the assur- ance that a delay of five years will cause no permanent injury to the in- terests of nor loss of prestige to the city, Washington can well afford to choose as a site for its permanent airport that location which promises to be most nearly ideal and which of- fers the finest opportunities for fu- ture expansion and development, par- ticularly when the financging of this airport promises to fit into the budget of the District with far less difficulty than that of any other.” Temporary Port Needed. The first problem presented is the establishment of a temporary airport &t least sufficient to care for the air mail, Maj. Covell points out. As it is possible that the air mail will start in November, before Congress con- venes, he stressed the necessity of losing no time in complying with con- ditions for the use of Bolling Field if this service is to be secured for Wash- ington. It is quite possible, Maj. Covell points out, that a portion of the $150,000 needed during the first year might come from private sources. But the report adds that the poten- tial revenues from eoncesgons, ser- vice to local and visiting planes, etc., will help to offset the expense .of operating and, shortly after a per- ‘manent airport is inaugurated, should make the establishment self-support- ing., Because of the increasing tax bur- den upon the local residents, the re- port declares that the financing of a satisfactory airport presents the most difficult problem. “It is believed that the interests of the Federal Govern- ment certainly equal and probably exceed those of the municipality and that this should be taken into con- sideration in the division of costs,” the report add: JOHNSON FETE GROUP TO MEET WEDNESDAY Pitching Ar2 to Be Honored With Dis!inguished Medal August 2 Here. hefore in the history of | hase I Never with a medal in the n 1L azue, the s vved faithfully and which has seen busher of 20 years ago trans- d into the premier moundsman time. ans for the Johnson day o tion August 2 at Clark Griffith | stadium, when the big hurler will face | the Detroit Tigers—the same club he faced on his big league debut on August 2, 1907—are moving forward at an accelerated pace and will take on added momentum at a monste meeting Wednesday night at the City Club when the first gathering of the general committee fn_char celebration will be held B. B. Johnson, orzanizer and re- tiring head of the American League, has aligned himself whole-heartedly behind the project and the proposal to honor Johnson by presenting him with a distinguished service medal— the first base ball player ta be 8o honored. Everett Scott, shortstop on several ball clubs, who piled up a re- markable service record, was honored by presentation of a medal for con- tinuous service, several years ago, but this was in the nature of a testi- monial to the spirit of a man who played ball under severe handicaps to preserve his record. The Johnson medal, according to the thought of those ‘behind the move, will be pre- sented in honor of a man who has done more than any single individual to put base ball on the high plane of portsmanship it now enjoys, as well 23 the holder of a score of all-time Ppitching records. ¥ ebra- J ed_from First Page) District jail, the Bureau of Efficiency finds, are due primarily to the obso- lete structure of the cell blocks in the north and south wings, further aggravated by overcrowding. The report says: “The west wing is used at present for offices on the first floor, and for officers’ rooms and quarters for women prisoners on the upper floors; the latter floors are in sad need of repair. The cell blocks are built of brick and com- prise four tiers of two rows each of small cells. The rows in each tier o] on a central corridor, divided h%u’k’k wall. A window in each cell op¥ns into an open space on the side between the cell-hlock and the outer walls. Two cells with a door between form the typical unit—one cell con- tains two bunks, oge abve the other, the other cell contains a tollet and howl and one bunk. Due to the dis- tance of the cells from the outer win- dows and the small interior window in each cell, the light in each is al- ways dim. The solid wall construction of brick on all sides makes the cells difficult to keep clean, especially when more men are continually crowded into them than they were ever de- signed to hold. Population at Jail. “The population at the jail on two recent average days showed the fol- lowing: May 5.1027. June 15,1027, Men. Women. Men. Women. A Held 149 8 12 10 for. d yury . tenced from he Criminal D. Sentenced from he Pol s 24 40 the Court. 386 Grand totals. .. 494 426 “The women were housed in tem- porary quarters assigned to them in the west wing ch colored prisoner had a cot in a dormitory and each white prisoner a cell. “The men were separated into two groups—in the south wing prisoners held for the grand jury and men sen- tenced from the Criminal Court for major offenses; and in the north wing prisoners held for further hearing and men sentenced from the Police Court for minor offenses. In the south wing five cell units were re- served for five condemned men and two cell units for punishment, leaving 57 cell units to house approximately 170 men. In the north wing 212 men were crowded into 64 cell units; some slept on mattresses laid on the floor. “It is obvious that reilef from this overcrowding is essential if any rem- edy is to be found for conditions at the jail. The completion of the new east wing next Fall will help, but if the present population is maintained it will serve only to alleviate and not to overcome the congested conditions now _existing. “The new east wing will accommo- date 60 woman prisoners adequately in three dormitories of 20 women each. The two men's dormitories in the new wing, it is estimated, can ac- commodate 200 men—100 white and 100 colored. With the population as of June 15, if each male prisoner held for the grand jury or sentenced from the Criminal Court were given a sep- arate unit cell, as he should be, there would be only 128 cells to accommo- date 174 men; and if all the men held for further hearing and 'sentenced from the Police Court were put in the new wing, since two-thirds of these prisoners are colored, there would be appreximately 71 in the white dormi- tory and 141 in the colored dormitory, or 41 more than could be accommo- dated. It is evident that a plan must be developed for reducing the popula- tion at the jall, or the old wings must be reconstructed, or both. Transfer to Occoquan. “Plans for reducing the population at the jail were proposed by the Penal Commission in 1909. According to their report, which was adopted as the basis for the development of the penal system of the District of Colum- bia, ‘the jail is to be used only as a house of detention, never as a place of confinement for those under sen- tence,’ and sufficlent quarters were to be built at Occoquan to care for short- term prisoners. Up to the ptesent, many short-term prisoners, i.e., those serving 30 days or less, have been con- fined in the jail, due to lack of facili- les at the workhouse. Construction on the new buildings at the work- house, however, has progressed suf- ficiently to eliminate this necessity now. “‘On May 6, 1927, there were 460 men and approximately 50 women con- fined in the workhouse. The present capacity of the workhouse is between 700 and 800 men and 100 women; three new dormitories can house be- tween 375 and 450 men, two old dormi- tories, between 250 and 275 men, and what remains of a third old dormi- tory, from 75 to 100 men. The wom- en’s building will accommodate about 100 prisoners. In other words, the workhouse can comfortably accommo- date at least 250 more men and 50 more women. “When these facts were brought to the attention of the director of public welfare early in May, 1927, by a repre- sentative of the Bureau of Efficlency, he presented the matter to the com- mittee on penal and correctional insti- tutions of the Board of Public Welfare, and they approved the plan to remove as many short-term men as possible from the jail to the workhouse. By June 15, 1927, however, the number of short-term men at the jail had in- creased to 181 as shown ahove. The questjon, having been again taken up with the director of public welfare, was present~d to the Board of Public Welfare at its meeting on June 15, , and the following minute rded: “The director reported that the con- struction of buildings at the work- house at Cecoquan had now progressed to the noint where the institution was Touals 100-foot Lot on Rittenhouse St., next to Brawner’ Let Me Tell You About Jt LERGY GADDIS, JR. Realtor 215 Southern Bldg. Main 1277 $10 for Your Old Range! so®TT THE SCOTT GAS RANGE not only saves you Money, but also Time, Labor and Worry. It also prescrves the Juices ur Meats and gives you Shrinkage in your Roasts. BAKES WITH WASTE HEAT! HEATS WATER LIKE A COAL RANGE! Your ol out-of-date gas range is a liability. You can turn it into an asset by trad- ing it for a “SCOTT.” Let us show you how it works STORE: 1204 H St. N.W. PETER M. DORSCH Manufacturer Washington, D. C. CONDITIONS “DEPLORABLE.” FICIENCY EXPERTS REPORT able to recelve a larger number of prisoners from the Jail and that more short-term prisoners were being sent to the workhouse because of the crowded condition of the jail. It has been the custom to retain at the jail prisoners sentenced for 10 days or less on the theory that the cost and inconvenience of making a transfer to Occoquan and back was hardly war- ranted for a period of less than 10 days. Without adopting any definite sentence time which should be served at the jail or the workhouse the board instructed the director that in so far as funds would permit and there was space avallable that the prigoners should be sent to Occoquan to serve their sentence, even those with very short sentence as low as 10 days, it mey be. In this connection Dr. Kober called attention to the futility of the present local practice of sending re- peaters for short terms to the work- house, the same men frequently being sentenced 6, 8 or 10 times within a vear, and on his motion the committee on penal and correctional institutions was instructed to give consideration to the matter of an indetepminate sentence law and endeavor to secure the passage of such a statute.’ Definite Plan Discussed. “On Friday, July 1, 1927, at a con- ference of the director of public wel- fare, the superintendent of prisons, the assistant superintendent at the jail, and a representative of the Bureau of Efficien a definite plan for putting this minute into effect was discussed. The assistant superin- tendent reported that he would need to retain at the jail sufficient short- term men to carry on the maintenance work which he felt at this time could not be done with men sentenced from the Criminal Court or with volunteer help from prisoners held for the grand jury. He stated, however, that he thought he could use men held for further hearing on such work. “Such crowding in jails among men awaiting trial is recognized as the worst possible source of future crime. For many among these prisoners, this is their first experience in crime. All of those awaiting trial are presumed to be innocent, and nearly 50 per cent of them will be released by the courts to return to society without further incarceration. In 1 of 1,423 prison- ers committeed to jail for felony, 682 were released by. the courts. T put two or three prisoners in a single cell unit, as is necessary at the Dis- trict Jafl, serves only to stimulate criminal tendencies. Furthermore, the present structure has no adequate provisions for receiving rooms, dining rooms, hospital or workrooms for this class of prisoners. Moreover, due to the obsolete type of construction, the cells are small and dark and diffieult to keep clean. Jail Needs Cleaning. “When first visited in January, 1927, the jail was in need of thorough cleaning and painting throughout; men prisoners were not provided with sheets or pillowcases; bed blankets were washed once a year, and bunk covers “two or three times” a year. Since there were 12,295 commitments made to the jail during 1927, it can be readily understood how important were adequate arrangements for keep- {pg the jail clean and especlally for keeping the beds and bedding sani- tary. The dirty condition of the clothing of most of the prisoners only added to the general untidiness and served to lower both the self-respect of the prisoners and the general tone of the jail. Due to the system of ven- tilation, there was noticeable at this time a distinct “jail odor.” The win- dows were dirty and cobwebs hung in the corners. “With new appropriations avail- able, a clean-up and paint-up pro- gram has been inaugurated by the assistant superintendent at the jall in order to put the old wings in the best condition possible by the time the new wing is ready for occupancy. A permanent general utility squad also has been organized, whose duties are to act as a perpetual house-cleaning unit on special as- signments throughout the jail. By order of the superintegdent of prisons, sheets and pillowcases will be supplied prisoners during the fiscal year 1927-8. The superintend- ent has also approved the suggestion that jumpers and overalls and other necessary clothing be furnished prisoners during_their incarceration, and that the clothing of prisoners be / repaired and clegned by prison labor, so that prisoners may leave the in- stitution more respectable than when they arrive. “A botter system of cleaning blankets and arrangements for car- ing for prisoners' clothes depends in part on two things: (1) Making the workrooms in the basement of the women's wing accessible from the women's wing; and (2), building a laundry for Gallinger Hospital, which will relleve the jail laundry of ap- proximately 90 per cent of its work. Construction of the laundry for Gal- linger s now under way, and will be ready for use, according to present plans, during the fiscal year 1928-29. This will release both space equipment for taking care of blan- kets and clothes. Additional space may be found immediately, however, in the workrooms in the basement of the women's wing. According to the plans now under consideration, ac- cess to these rooms is only possible from outside the jail: this leaves the women’'s wing with no workrooms of any sort except the dormitories. However, these basement rooms are so locuted that an extension of the stairway from the first floor to the basement is entirely feasible. The director of public. welfare and the superintendent of prisons have ap- proved the extension of this stair way by the use of prison lahor as soon as_ the present contract is completed. “Such new workrooms for women will release workreoms in the base- ment of the west wing for the carg of blankets and prisoners’ clothes, and enable officials at the jail to develop an adequate system of fumigation, delousing, cleaning aand repairing of both. The Jail Laundry. “The construction of the laundry for Gallinger will greatly relieve a pres- ent problem, viz., the working of men and women prisogers for long hours dafly in the jail laundry, now situated in the basement and sub-basement un- der the rotunda. Due to inadequate ventilation and the excessive heat generated by the laundry equipment, work in these rooms is at times al- most beyond human endurance. A ventilating system installed in the Summer of 1926 was reported out of order for the greater part of the past vear. When the attention of the municipal architect’s office, which had supervised the installation of the sys- tem, was called to the condition by a representative of the Bureau of ciency, thg mater was at once taken up with those responsible for the con- struction and action instituted look- ing toward the efficient operation of the system. “Inspection of the jail on July 7, 1927, in company with a representa- tive of the municipal architect’s of- fice, showed a distinct improvement in ventilation. Each cell has a cross draft and as the outer windows were opened as far as possible the air cur- rent was cool and fresh, not only in the corridors, but also in the cells. It is evident that the problem of ventila- tion in the old cell blocks is one of proper Winter ventllation. Since the only source of fresh air comes direct- ly from the windows, it is difficult to adjust these in cold weather so that the air is both fresh and warm. This is a problem which the municipal architect’s office can help solve, and it is recommended that they be asked to study the question and submit thelr suggestions.” SSLYN WVA. WEST 166 i w ) - | department HARRIS & EWING PWoTes Upper left: Herbert D. Brown, head of the Bureau of Efficiency, which has reported on intolerable conditions at the District jail Upper right: Munici- pal Architect A. L. Harrls, who has been asked to confer on remedying these conditions. Lower right: George S. Wilson, director of Public Welfare, who also will be called in for advice on the problem. FARM LABOR AMPLE, DEPARTMENT FINDS Supply Below Demand Only in North and South Atlantic States, Survey Shows. By the Associated Press. There is no shortage of farm laber this year, the Department of Agricul- ture announces, declaring the supply to be 100.4 per cent of the demand. The supply was slightly under the demand in the North Atlantic and South Atlantic States, but elsewhere over the country labor was said to be plentiful. The larger supply, the d, reflected the lower volume of industrial employment as compared with a vear ago. farm wages were described as slightly lower than in July last year, the average for the United States be- ing $35.59 per month with board and §40.54 without board, compared with $36.10 and $49.89 Day wages and $2.44 hout, against $1.91 and $2.43 a year ago. Farm wages are at a much lower level than industrial wages, the de- partment reported. Spanish King Goes Home. LONDON, July 16 (®.—King Al who' during his three weeks' y here had almost forgotten that he was ruler of Spain, left for home today. Among those at the station to iid him farewell were the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, Prince George and the Spanish am- ador. / 5 60 Distributing Stations. One Near You. 1927—PART 1. BRITISH DELEGATES SEEK INSTRUCTIONS ON CRUISER LIMITS (Continued from First Page.) portant concessions were made to her own gun calibers. The British and Japanese diverg- encies on total tonnages were serious. The Japanese held out for 250,000, while the original British figure was about 800,000. As the matter stood at the close of Mr. Bridgeman's con- cessions today, the difference still was serious. Mr. Bridgeman's ideas on gun cali- bers, to go with his concessions in total tonnage, are that instead of in- sisting on cruisers too small to mount elght-inch guns, Great Britian would solve that problem by limiting the guns themselves to six inches. This would curb aggressive power and at the same time allow cruisers to be built sufficiently large to have long cruising radio in accordance with wishes expressed by the United States and Japan. Tonnage Accord Held Possible. That tonnage divergencies will be solvy satisfactorily seems possible after last night's deflnite challenge made by the Japanese for the United States and Great Britian, either to quit bluffing or to accept the blame for faflure. The Americans indicated today that should a collapse seem imminent, they would openly espouse the Jap- anese figures, thereby stamping themselves as real limjtationists. At the present they are between the large British demand and the small Japanese figure, but have expressed their leaning toward the smaller ton- nage. It appears that Hugh S. Gibson, head of the United States delegation, has laid himself &pe: (o"a. dlplom:t:: coup de grace the Japanese \nd\?ced tog switch over to the British roposals. % A‘: the plenary session last Thurs- day, Mr. Gibson stated officially: “We feel we are in such close agree- ment with the Japanese in respect to total tonnage limitation and in types of the cruiser class, we could easily find the basis of an agreement with them, If some basis is found which is mutually acceptable to the British and Japanese we feel sure it will be possible for the Americans to make it complete.” Seek Japanese Compromise. In brief, if the Japanese should give up their demand for 8nch guns on smaller cruisers, Mr. Gibson would have to capitulate or else repudiate an_official declaration. Correspondents in position to know regard Mr. Gibson's statement as the best British .chance of nailing the mericans on ‘the gun caliber ques- fon. The British are making Hercu- lean efforts to reach a compromise bargain with the Japanese. ‘That Mr. Gibson was aware of the vulnerability in which this placed him possibly was indicated by his subsequent statement that “the ac- complishment of this agreement in- volves a sacrifice on the part of all. A permancnt agreement, however, is worth more than any technical ad- vantages.” The Japanese tonight reaffirmed the unchangeablility of their total tonnage figures, but expressed opti- mism that the British would meet their demands eventually. Jellicoe Goes to London. Admiral Jellicoe of Britaln went to London tonight for a conference with the admiralty. The American delegation dispatched several cable- grams to Washington in the expec- tation of clearing up several issues. Should the tonnage issue be solved the allotment of crulsers is forecast at 12 vessels of 10.000 tons and 6 of 8,000 tons each for the United States and with 8 of the former and 4 of the later types for Japan. This would make a ratio of 3—3—2, slightly in- 1005 Pa. Ave. 1724 Pa. Ave. creasing Japan's figure determined in_the Washington conference. ‘With technical problems exhausted the situation is almost entirely politi- cal and the time for big gestures has arrived. Mr, Gibson intimated that something In the way of big gestures could be expected within a few days. (Covyrixht. 1027.) LITTLE HOPE SEEN HERE. Conference Reviewing Results Open Session, Reports State. By the Associated Press. . Little hope of immediate solution of the Geneva naval limjtation prob- lem was held out by Washington offi- clals yesterday on the hasis of week end reports from the American delegation. The conference apparently was reviewing the results of the plenary session of last Thursday, when the position of each government on the cruiser problem was restated without any new factor entering into the dis- cussion to give promise of a basis for agreement. Reports from Ambassa- dor Gibson were said to be largely routine and to shed no new light on the situation. A call by the British Ambassador, Sir Esme Howard, on Secretary Kel- logg during the day also was des- cribed as having no significance so far as any move toward a compromise might be concerned. Howard Remaining Here. The Ambassador is remaining n Washington under instructiors #zom his government, in order to in intimate touch with the State De- partment during the conference, but it his conversations with Mr. Kellogg have served to suggest a new line of approach to the problem at Geneva, ‘Washington officials fafled to reflect any enthusiasm for the project. It was emphasized that in putting forward a tentative suggestion for a total cruiser tonnage for Great Britain and the United States of 400,000, the American group had gone far in effort to conciliate British demands for nearly 600,000. There appears to be absolutely no prospect for any further upward revision on the part of the Americans. Even the 400,000-ton figure was held to add to the difficulties of the conference in one respect, for as Ambassador Gibson pointed out in his speech last Thursday, the num- ber of 10,000-ton cruisers which the ‘Washington Government would feel it necessary to construct would de- pend to a large extent upon the total cruiser tonnage limit fixed by the conference. Compromise Move Unavailing. In any event the American gesture toward compromise was wholly un- availing, because it was unsatisfac- tory to the British, who found the limit too low, and to the Japanese, who found the figure altogether too high for Japan's needs. circumstances it was clear that nothing more could be expected from the American delegation until the Japanese and British positions are reconciled. Examination of tentative proposals brought up during technical discus- sions of the week has satisfied offi- clals here that they represent no more than a change in wording, while among naval officers it was frankly declared that all of the British stipulations and conditions were aimed at establishing naval su- periority for the British cruiser fleets, not only as to types of ships but also as to size of armament, which would give Great Britain a decided military advantage because of her merchant tonnage available for war time conversion. State Department officials are much more reserved in comment on the British suggestions. It was made clear, however, that they do not feel that the success of the Geneva con- ference is so all important to the ‘Washington Government for either internal or external reasons as to Justify the sacrifices in national se- curity which would be involved for th: P‘nlled States in the British view- point. of D.J. KéICJFMAN NC. Under the | ADVANCE RECORDED IN ROAD PRORAM State Highway Systems Two-Thirds Initially Im- proved, Says Bureau. By the Associated Pre The State highway systems of the country, which comprise a network of 287,928 miles, were two-thirds initially improved at the beginning of the vear, the Bureau of Public Roads an- nounced yesterday. Statistics just completed show 19.. 492 miles of surfaced roads were con- structed last year, of which 13,664 miles were laid over former earth roads and 5,828 miles represented a rebullding of old surfaces. Surfacing laid by counties or other local governments are not included. but all work done with Federal ald is embraced in the total. The nxieage of the combined 8tate syatems at the first of the vear, which had been sur- faced, totaled 163,059, while 28456 miles had been graded and drained ac- .cording to engineering standards. Types of Roads. The types of surfaced roads were: Gravel, chert and shale, 79,286 miles: cement concrete, 31.935 miles; water- bound macadam, 18. bitumi- nous macadam, clay and topsoll, 11,396 mile: nous concrete, 4,514 miles; phalt. 890 miles, and aspl and stone block, 165 miles. Ohio had the largest mileage of new surfacing placed during the year with 2,411 miles. Minnesota was next with 1,412 miles, then Wisconsin with 962, ebraska with 833 and Missouri with New York had the largest existing surfaced mileage t 2 853 miles. Next w: s with 9,256, Wisconsin, 8.421 nesota, #, Michigan, 6.229, North Carolina, 5,464. No other State had 5,000 miles. Work by States. The existing surfaced mileage at the beginning of this year and the mile- age of new surfacing placed last year, including reconstruction, by States, are: Total it State. Surfaced. qu‘.nr. Alabama 7 467 Arizona Arkaneas California Delaware Florida FSISRINEE 533323735, Michizan large | Ohio Wyoming Button-holes are passing in Fng- land. 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