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THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY..........July 4, 1827 THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Offico: 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. Chicagc Office: Tower Building. European Office: 14 Regent St.. London, Enzland. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn- ing edition is delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 45 cents per month: Sundays only. 20 cents r month. Orders may he sent by mail or elephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Patty and sunday E 5c aily only 00} soc i3 1 mo.. 0. Sunday only $300: 1 moz 8¢ All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday.1 vr.. $12.00: Daily only . T $8.06 unday only Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news di Patches credited 1o 1t or not oflierwise o ited in this naver and also the local nes published hercin _ All richts of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. — The Great American Charter. Independence day is the annives of the signing of a document which has meant more for humanity than any other instrument ever penned. It meant not only the sep- aration of the American colonies from Great Britain and the setting up of the greatest Republic the world has known, but it established an example of freedom of action which has in- spired other peoples to similar courses. It was the culmination of long en- dured grievances, the climax of suf- fering from injustice for which there was no redress save in resistance and sacrifice for the sake of self-respect and that which in long later years came to be styled self-determination. In its composition the Declaration recites the fundamental principles of human political organization, after a brief statement of the reason for set- ting forth the course of action, name- 1y, “a decent respect to the opinions of mankind” requiring the people to declare the causes impelling them to separation. This statement of prin- ciples is the heart of the Declaration: ‘We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Lib- erty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Govern- ments are instituted among men, de- riving their just powers from the con- sent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes de- structive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, lay- ing its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most like- 1y to effect their safety and happiness. ‘That brief paragraph is the essence of the Declaration of Independence. It is the supreme statement of de- mocracy. The Declaration, however, could not rest upon this pronounce- single carried out to the full will make Washington’s streets gay with bunt ing on proper occasions, to raise the flags on the eve of the anniversary. ‘When, as now oceurs, the holiday falls on a Monday, the flags must be raised on Saturday. Otherwise the business men must have their stores opened on the morning of the holiday merely for the purpose of putting out the banners. The utter futility of the order that went forth on Saturday for the re- moval of the prematurely displayed flags is self-evident. Haul down the flag merely because it was“too prompt- ly displayed?> Who would be so bold as to impose a penalty for refusal? What a spectacle would be presented in the Capital City if that were done? Would any court impose a fine on a merchant for breaking such a rule? Let the rule against flag-hoisting in advance of the day of celebration be rescinded. Tt is inoperative. It only make the rule makers ridiculous. The purpose n‘ the system of flag display is to make Washington gay with the national colors. It would not be a bad thing, indeed; if it were aflutter with the Stars and Stripes every day of the year. So, let the preposterous rule go into the limbo of other unen- forcible mandates, and encourage the patriotic business men of the Capital to hoist the flags in ample season for every occasion that calls for this man- ifestation. ————— Beware Illegal Drivers! Under the law of Congress all old automobile drivers’ permits, issued prior to the passage of the amended traffic act, became void at midnight of the night before the Fourth. There were more than 200,000 of such per- mits, and of these more than 10,000 have not been submitted for renewal. Of course, the holders of some of these have died and others have moved out of the city. But there are several thousand persons in Wash- Ington today. who, if they are driv- ing, are driving illegally and are sub- ject to arrest. And they should be arrested, for they have had more than a year's time in which to apply for senewals, and have had repeated warnings. If they are driving today it is knowingly in defiance of the law. Today the statls is that those old permits are as though they had never been issued. Those who hold them, if they apply for renewal, must go through the same tests as a novice applying for a permit for the first time. They must pass an examina- tion on the traffic law and the rules and regulations of the Police Depart- ment regarding traffic and the opera- tion of motor vehicles. And they must give a demonstration of their ability properly to operate a motor vehicle in congested traffic with a policeman sitting in the rear seat. Had they applied for a renewal be- fore midnight, they would merely have had to turn in their old permits and ask for new ones. Their rec- ords as operators of motor vehicles would have been looked up and it ment. It must go further and define the circumstances compelling the sep- aration. Thus the greater portion of the instrument deals with the grievances under which the American colonies had suffered, and a sweeping indictment of the ‘present King of Great Britain” ensues in detail, an arraignment to which there could be no answer save by force. they were satisfactory new permits would have been mailed. The net result will be that the al- ready overrushed permit office of the Traffic Bureau will have thousands of drivers crowding in upon it de- manding immediate service and using all the “influence” they can command to get preferential attention. The work Justification of the extreme action taken by the colonies is cited in a brief statement ofgthe fact that peti- tions had been ignored or “answered only by repeated injury.” Appeals to the “British brethren” had been ! tutile, for those brethren had “been deaf to the voice of justice and con- sanguinity.” There was therefore no recourse but to separation, and thus follows the actual Declaration of In- dependence, the formal statement that “these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independ- ent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection be- tween them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dis- solved, and that as free and independ- ent states they have full power to Jevy war, conclude peace, contract al- liances, establish commerce and to do all other acts and things which inde- pendent states may of right do.” Thus was this great charter of the of the permit office will be blockaded, and especially because each of these thousands of tardy applicants must, under the law, be examined as to his knowledge of law and regulations and ability as an operator. All of this is an injustice to those public servants who have been try- ing to keep the work of the Traffic Bu- reau current, and is an injustice to the taxpayers because funds counted upon from the new permits have not been forthcoming, and because it will THE EVENING STAR. WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY, JULY %, 1927.’ Thirteen British Colonies ceased to | exist and the United States of Amer- ica came into being as a new Nation, which is our American Magna Charta, is enshrined in the Library of Con- gress, to which pilgrimage should be made on this great anniversary. What more fitting than for a father to take his children to see this, our most treas- ured fundamental document? Your own heart will tell you the Fourth of July duties, if you take time to think and give your heart an op- portunity to speak. ——r—t——————— Some Departed Glories. Some of the glamour undoubtedly has gone from the old Fourth. With other departed glories, one remem- bers— The rotund political spellbinder, col- lar wilted, ice water pitcher at hand, haranguing the multitude from the rostrum hung in red, white and blue bunting, his audience visibly impa- tient for the picnic, pink lemonade and fireworks which are to follow the speeches and “athletic events, The clandestine wisit to the cérner drug store on the night of the third for the purchase of five cents’ worth of black gunpowder; the laborious un- dertaking of constructing a cannon out of a lead pipe by drilling a pinhole and plugging up one end. And the tragic consequences of the rear-end explosion when the plug failed to hold. The impatient anticipation through- out the day on the part of the boys until father, fully aware of his, newly gained importance, is ready to fire the “giant 'cracker” purchased last week at the astounding cost of $1.25, and guaranteed to blow a large bucket clear out of sight. The tense waiting while the fuse burns and the slow and dismal realization that the ‘cracker is a dud and must be exchanged tomor- row at Thompson's store, with the likelihood that the money will be re- turned instead. The Roman candle that back-fired and set little Alice’s dress on fire. The skyrocket, planted insecurely in the ground, which, instead of ascending in a glory of sparks to heaven, skim- med along the ground and smote Dea- con Jones squarely in the middle. The lint, the bandages, the odor of disinfectant; the hurried arrival of the doctor to peer beneath the stained cloth bound over the eyes of Tiny Tom, and the fearsome hush of those about him a9 he rises and says, “He may not see again.” — e The Flag Display. The complete lack of uniformity in ‘Washington’s first oppertunity to fly the flag from the curbstones is a de- fect which must be remedied if the display hereafter is to be effectively artistic. The condition found today emphasizes the need for consistent In answer to the young lady who wrote for list of books with which I might pleasantly pass what prom- ijses to be some idle hours during this coming Summer,” we present the fol- lowing selection “Emmy Lou,” by George Madden Martin. A beautifully told story of the heart of a child. “Merton of the Movies,” by Harry Leon Wilson. Worth while if for no other reason than the character of the heroine. “The Romance of Gilbert Holmes," by Marshall Monroe Kirkman, You may have to go to the Library of Con- is, but it is worth it. Very ons have ever heard of it, but is a 1 love story. So is “Hugh Wynne,” by Dr. Weir Mitchell. “Alice in Wonderland,” by Lewis Carroll. No matter if you are a young high school lady of 15, read this one over again. The older you are, the more you will like it! “Uncle Remus,” by Joel Chandler Harris, One or more of these vol- umes. Tom Sawyer Abroad.,” by Mark Twain. To us the most interesting of these stories of boys of a bygone day. “Penrod” and *“Penrod and Sam,” by Booth Tarkington. The successors to “Tom Sawyer,” and more in keep- ing with today, of course. “The Sketch Book,” ““Mosses from an Old Manse,” Haw- thorne. Throw these in by way of dis- cipline to the writing instinct. Hold them in reserve for the hottest days of the Summer. The hotter the day, the heavier the book. * ok ok ok “Elsie Venner,” by Oliver Wendell Holm: Here is a good one, not much read any more, but with a slant that connects it with quite modern discoveries. We won't inflict “The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table” upon_you, for personally we think it horribly dull. “Lorna. Doone,” by R. D. Blagk- more. Every one should read this one. “Pickwick Papers,” by Charles Dickens. Also his “Nicholas Nickle- by” and “Great Ixpectations.” You can't beat this trio. “‘Meditations of Marcus Aurelius.” Very few women ever read this, so we recommend it for that reason. Many of Washington's finest high school boys have builded their character upon the meditations of this fine man. “Emma” and “Pride and Prejudice,” by Jane Austen. Two novels that every girl ought to read, not only for the story, but to show her that great novels may be written with very sim- ple material. “The Secret Garden,” by Frances Hodgson Burnett. We have always liked this story. “A Crystal Age,” by W. H. Hudson. A queer thing. “Lord Jim,” by Joseph Conrad. There is no reason why a girl shouldn’t like this one. = “Poems,” by Edgar Allan Poe. Mu- sic in words, usually fancied by young people, and by such of their elders as retain youthful instincts. ““The Conspirators,” Irving, and Forty-Five andre Dumas. novels written by this master. Guardsmen,” by Our pick of the 1,000 (No, action on the part of all downtown property owners. As they are, the contrasts are too striking. Along the side of one block flags are found flying gayly at intervals of a few feet, while on the other side one lone flag is do- ing its pitiful best to express the patriotism of its owner. In the next block there are no flags, while in the next a score of them, at irregular in- tervals, seemingly attest the store proprietors’ approval or disapproval of the scheme. Many failures on the part of store owners to decorate their curbstones is due possibly to the fact that this is the first holiday which has called for the general display of the flags. Familiarity with its objects and a realization of the possibilities embodied in this plan of decoration will probably serve to add scores of recruits and the lack of harmony noticeable today doubtless will in some degree be removed on future occa- sions. . ———.—— Europe believes she can make bet- ter motion pictures than Uncle Sam. Nevertheless, a number of foreign film require extra help amd additional ex- pense to collect the new license fee. The cost to the taxpayer of issuing the driver's permit has been in- creased, with no incre: to the re- cipient of the permit, who is solely to blame and on whom the extra cost should fall. On the Fourth of July, when we hear so much patriotic acclaim, it is not amiss to emphasize that real patriotism is in proper support of the Government at all times, and that such procragtination in obeying the American people presented to the * world, a brief recital of sufferings, a pronouncement of principles, a declara- tion of the assumption of an inalien- able right. The die’ was cast, the signers, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, mutually pledged to each other their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor, and the American Nation was born. There were dark hours to fol- low, desperate needs to be met, tragic trials to be overcome, but the faith which impelled the iinmortal pioneers in independence to sign the Declara- tion was justified and success was finally won, to the everlasting benefit of mankind. e Aviators who mmeet with trouble have the big stories of adventure to tell, regardless of the schedule on which they were expected to travel. —_— . 1t Judge Landis and Will Hays hope to preserve their prestige, they must find a way to assert authority in aero- nautics. v E The battleship is foremost in the argument. The airplane is most con- spicuous in practical demonstration. A Foolish Rule. Official regulations should always be strictly obeyed. But official regula- tions which ignore conditions should not be enforced. There is a “sweet reasonableness” to be observed in all such matters, and if there was ever an occasion for the recognition of certain human limitations it was that of Saturday, when orders were issued from somewhere in the District Build- ing that no American flags should be hoisted before Monday morning on the bronze curbstone staffs that have been established through the agency of the American Le Indepcndence day is, of all the days of the year, the one to be observed by the display of the flag. It is a general holiday. All places of business are closed. It is, therefore, necessary for law which directed each driver to get a new permit is mnot the part of a good citizen and is unpatriotic. - Admittance of aliens to the U. S. A. must naturally be regulated in some degree by the question of whether they come to this country because they like it or because they desire to reor- ganize it. . Fourth of July Duti This “Day We Celebrate”—why? Because it is the birthday of the greatest Nation that ever existed— ours, Because it is the day on which the greatest events in our higtory as a Nation have occurred, both in war and in peace-time progress. Because it is the date on which the tide of victory has always turned for the United States. With blessings come obligations and duties. What are our Fourth of July duties? First, to stop and think what bless- ings we have enjoyed and are enjoy- ing under this Nation, born one hun- dred and fifty-one years ago today, and then to pledge fealty anew. Second, to have a deep apprecia- tion that the stability of the Govern- ment is founded on the individual homes, and to make this a day of closer family ties, of family outings, of family talk on the relationship of the individual to the Government and of good citizenship. Third, since our birth as a Nation was due to those who fought in the Revolution, and our preservation as a Union was due to those who fought in the Civil War, and as our fight for human freedom throughout the world was successful through those who | fought in the World War, we owe a debt to the vete How could this | be more fittingly paid than in some | personal service of love to the maimed | veterans in Walter Reed, Mount Alto or other hospitals? Yourth, the Declaration of Inde- ans. entertainers will continue to draw sal- aries in the Unfted States ‘‘studios.” ———— e No longer a very young man, Mus- solini should begin to interest himself in the designation of a competent suc- cessor to carry out the plans he has 80 heroically announced. ————— An idolized aviator can have any- thing in this world that he wants, ex- cept eight hours sleep per day. ——— o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Tiresome Process. Oh, Miss Navy! Day by day, You grow heavier, they say! Once we thought you'd be a sprite So ethereally light That you'd only seem at last A reminder of the past! Oh, Miss Navy, now they state You are taking on more weight, Though the doctors say you should Set a limit, and be good. Yet you murmur, “What's the use Of this effort to reduce?” Flights. “I have admired some of your flights of oratory.” “Please don’t mention them,” said Senator Sorghum. ‘“Rhetorical avia- tion doesn’t appear to count at pres- ent.” “If posterity were wise,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “it would not permit the statues of our beloved ancestors to be turned over to the art critics.” Superman. “The world is mine, Cristo bold, In the old tale that was so deftly told. The aviator halts to add a line: “The world is yours; but all the sky is mine.” said Monte Jud Tunkins says @ man who prides himself on “speaking his mind” is likely to wish he had minded his speech. Service. The peril, when the clouds are gray, May bring the moment of distress; Yet he who falls will point the way Unto another man’s success, Could Have Had It. “Did you see the Washington Mdn- ument when you went to town?” “Yes,” answered Farmer Cornt sel, “I reckon Lindy didn’t want i “Some men hollers so loud when dey shakes dice,” said Uncle Fiben, “dat the merchants who have subsggibed o the flag display system that when A pendence, promulgated one hundred and fifty-one years ago, When the you can't tell foh sho’ whglther it's a crap game or a concert.” | sons at outlying points in an emer- we haven’t read the other 900.) * ok K “Cyrano de Bergerac,” by Edmond Rostand. One of the greatest plays ever written. “The Swiss Family Robinson,” by On a memorable Independence day 29 years ago, Admiral Sampson cabled from Cuban waters the following his- toric message: “The fleet under my command offers to the Nation as a Fourth of July present the whole of the Spanish fleet.” This Fourth of July the War Department bestows upon the country a record of a year's accomplishment, destined to be of immeasurably greater importance than the capture of Cervera's squad- ron. It is the record of the United States Army Air Corps. Every one of the air achievements which have electrified the world during the past six weeks stands directly or indirectly to the credit of Uncle Sam’s military aviation establishment. Lindbergh, conqueror of the Atlantic, is the prod- uct of an Army air school. So is Chamberlin, hero of the New York- Germany flight. Maitland and Hegen- berger, who flew from San Francisco to Honolulu, are Army pilots. The earth induction compass used by Byrd on his trip to the North Pole was developed by the Materiel Division of the Army Air Corps. Lindbergh, Chamberlin, Maitland and Hegenberger were served by the same contrivance on their transoceanic cruises. PEXE] These things stand out hecause of their spectacular and current interest. Behind them lies a story of persistent and consistent plodding in the Army Air Corps, without which more dramatic developments might never have been. As materiel s the bedrock of mechanical progress, results in that field are fundamental. Here's a par- tial list of what's been done: 1. Engine development to insure more power and more dependabil- ity. 2. Development of air-cooled, in- stead of water-cooled, engines. 3. Perfecting of supercharger to cnable engines to function at high altitudes with the same efliciency as at sea level. 4. Development of new types of Janding gear, propellers, etc. 5. Experimental construction in all-metal airplanes wherein the fabric covering on the wings is replaced by sheet aluminum. 6. Replacement of all wooden training planes with modern equipment of all metal construc- tion, * ok kK It is not known to the country at large that the glory which came to Lindbergh and Chamberlin produced a flood of applications for flying training from the youth of the land. That highly satisfactory development coincides with the Army Air Corps’ plans for expansion of training facili- ties. A new school for flying cadets was recently established at March Field, California, and existing train- ing facilities at Kelly Field and Brooks Field, Texas, have been greatly extended. Arrangements are made for increasing the number of flying cadets from classes of 75 to 100. The Air Corps’ expansion plans include a new plant for the Materiel Division at Wright Feld, Dayton, with every modern facility for exper- imental work. Dayton citizens do- nated a fleld of 4,000 acres for the purpose. * ok ok K While the transatlantic flights of Lindbergh and Chamberlin deservedly outrank other air achievements of the past year, our Army pilots and planes have been accomplishing feats of per- haps greater practical value. The 2,400-mile non-stop hop of Lieuts, Maitland and Hegenberger from the Golden Gate to Hawali is epochal in the extreme. Maitland and Hegen- berger demonstrated the feasibility of quickly reinforcing our air garri- gency. Of hardly less significance was the flight made by five Army planes, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. David Wyss. No one can b said to he acquainted with world literature until e has read this story. Not even ‘Pickwick” i.lks so convincingly of food as “The Swiss Family Robinson.” Positively makes you hungry to read it. “Jairy Tales,” by the brothers Grimm’ and by Hans Christian Ander- sen. The tales of these writers are part of the foundation literature of the nations, and contain many amusing and beautiful things. We do not in- clude the “Arabian Nights,” because we mnever liked it, except here and there. “Robinson Crusoe,” by Defoe. An- other one of the books every one should have read. “Two Years Before the Mast,” by Dana; or ‘“Moby Dick,” by Herman Melville. Pictures of vanished days of American greatness on the seas. “Autobiography of Benj. Franklin.' One of the standard ‘best sellers decade after decade. Every American ought to read it, as Franklin has been called, and rightly, “The First Amer- “Up from Slaver; by Booker T. Washington. A fascinating story, which will make every high school student realize his or her need to make the most of the easy educational facili- ties of today. “Treasure Island,” by Robert Louis Stevenson. Yes, we had to put this one in. If you have already read it, ic is worth reading over again. ““The Mind in the Making,"” by James Harvey Robinson. Here is something for a very hot day. More boys and girls will “understand” this author than their parents give them credit for, perhaps. “Gulliver’s Travels,” by Dean Swift. Another old one, but one which many modern children have never read. No, it is not a bit old-fashioned—see if you can find the “flappers” in it “Wing and Wing” and “The Deer- slayer,” our choice of Cooper’s sea and leatherstocking tales. “‘Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates,"” by Mary Mapes Dodge, and “Babbitt,” by Sinclair Lewis. There's a contrast for yvou! The first is one of the im- mortal stories, appreciated by children and grown-ups alike, and the second, Lewis’ best story, if you listen to us. Don’t waste your time on “Elmer Gan- t “Framley Parsonage,” by Anthony Trollope. Read about some real wom- en in this one. “Th: Practice of Autosugeestion,” by C. Harry Brooks. Tells about the late Emile Coue; the average person, child or older, will be the better for read- ing it. * ok kK ‘Well, there you are, Beatrice! There is one sure thing—you won't be bored by that list of books. Of course, we could have handed you out an or‘hodox list, something along this order: Bacon's ‘“Essays,” Mantaigne's “Essays,” Addison's “Spectator Pa- pers,” Emerson’s “Essays,” first and second series; Darwin's “Origin of Species,” etc. Or we could refer you to the excel- lent reading courses issued by the Bureau of Education, as ve do, indeed, if you want a regular “cou " But we believe you simply want list of some of the books we have read and enjoyed, and therefore could recoru- mend. In the belief that this is true, we have presented the foregoing lisl feeling reasonably sure that you w find nothing “high brow” about it, but only an invitation to read. Just dip around to suit yourself, remembering what Sir John Lubbock said, “In reading, it is most important to select subjects in which one {is interested.” WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. thermometer ranging from zerq to 30 degrees below. * ok ok X During the recent Army maneuvers in Texas the 1st Pursuit Group made a daylight trip from Selfridge Field to San Antonio, a distance of about 1,800 miles, in less than 12 hours. The flight demonstrated the practicability of moving military air forces from one portion of the country to any threatened point. The Air Corps car- ried out a series of extensive aerial mansuvers in the San Antonio region in connection with the ground maneu- vers of the 2d Division of the Army. The result was the proved ability of an air force to co-operate effectively with the operations of infantry, ar- tillery, cavalry and tanks. * ok kK Tremendous advances have been recorded in the science of aerial photography. Immense tracts of land were mapped from the air expedi- tiously and efficiently by the Army Air Corps photographers in conection with »| the Coast and Geodetic and Geological Survey work. Clear pictures have been taken from an altitude of over 30,000 feet and considerable progress has been made in the design of lenses, filters and fllms which will permit the taking of clear photographs through haze and conditions of low visibility. * k * ¥ Foregoing facts and figures tell the story of Army Air Corps activity dur- ing the first year of the act of Con- gress, passed July 2, 1926. When it became law some dGoubt was express- ed as to whether the program would actually be executed. This initial week. of the new fiscal year finds $21,- 891,000 available for continuation of Army air projects between now and July 1, 1928. These funds are in ad- dition to an even greater sum in gen- eral appropriations, which cover pay, subsistence, military equipment and other fixed charges. Of the current budget, $12,000,000 is set aside for purchase of 590 planes of varlous types. There is also authorization to increase the number of flying offi- cers from 900 to 1,100, and to place 110 reserve officers on active duty for a year. * ok ok ok By 1932, the close of the five-year program enacted by Congress, this country should have an Army Air Corps of 1,50 regular fiying officers, 550 reserve officers on active duty and 15,000 enlisted men. The flying equipment will consist of 480 pursuit planes, 95 attack planes, 185 bombard- ment plancs, 59 transports, 412 ob- servations, 72 amphiblans, 479 train- ing planes and 110 aircraft of various types in war reserve. It is becom- ing more and more evident to an air- minded country and Congress that air gg;\e‘;l;eis %\hvlml pm'thof our national z e ocean an insulating l’l'\edlum.fl‘s Ol (Copyright, 1927.) ————— Capricious Trout and Calvin. From the Philadelphia Public Ledger. The most that can be claimed by those whe started the controversy over President Coolidge’s fishing methods is an even break. He first used worms, then tried out a fly. He caught trout with both. Now that he has pleased both the West, which is the kingdom of bait-fishing, and the East, which pledges allegiance to the fly, he should be free to choose his own method during the remainder of his stay in the Black Hills. But he will probably find the Western method the most productive of results, par- ticularly in July. Our National P, From the Cleveland News. me. which visited 22 countries, in South America on a mission of good will. About the time Maj. Dargue's squad- ron was bringing our greetings to the Latin republics, the 1st Pursuit Group from Selfridge Field, Mich., concluded a flight through Cangda, Wwith th| Our country makes a mistake, ac- cording to Representative Burton, in trying to settle all problems by pass- ing laws. But wi need some amusement, Filipino Says Wood Is Great Executive To the Editor of The Star: 1 am a Filipino college student in this city. I wish to show to the pub- lic that there are Filipinos who ap- preciate the services rendered to our country by Gov. Wood. After staying about six years in the Philippines, Gov. Gen. Wood has come back to the United States for a well earned short vacation. His exact- ing and straining duties as chief exec- | utive of the Philippines and accidents which he has recently encountered are responsible for the sick man he is today. However, he expects to re- turn to the Philippines next September in much better health to continue the noble task he has ably begun. Maj. Gen. Wood is one of the most heroic figures of - America today. With fortitude and courage he deter- mines to return to his post, which, perhaps, no other American can hold so _efficiently, so tactfully, so kindly and so firmly. He wishes to return to the people who at times have not fully appreciated the great sacrifices he is making, to the people who now and then have misunderstood his be- nevolent acts, to the people who, un- fortunately, are led by some selfish leaders that have been incessantly in opposition to him. His services in the Philippines, like his in Cuba, shall form a glorious chapter in American history. Gov. Wood had much difficulty in correcting conditions left behind by his predecessor. He straightened out the financial tangles into which the government and its commercial and industrial ventures were thrown by both American and Filipino irre- sponsible politicians. Today the country stands_on a sound financial groundwork. Gov. Wood himself is very glad to report that the inhabi- tants of the Philippines are the hap- plest, most contented and most peace- ful people in the world and on the right road to real and lasting pros- perity. Such a state of affairs speaks eloquently for the brilliant adminis- tration of the great American soldier- statesman. R In the performance of his task Gov. Wood has met strong opposition and biting criticisms in the United States and in the Philippines. He met them coolly and patiently, but in the end he surmounted them all. All his life he has been that way. Gov. Wood does not need our praises. In fact, they are unnecessary. The hard and conscientious worker that he is, he finds his satisfaction in the performance of his tasks. He is ob- livious to the criticism and praises made by others. But he would like to show America that there are a great many Filipinos, of whom I am one, who appreciate the great serv- ices he has rendered to our country. In the hearts of the masses of the Filipino people the name of Leonard Wood is enshrined with esteem, re- spect and lovt The people may not fully manifest now their full admira- tion of the grand old man. Perhaps they never will, but posterity, reaping the lasting benefits of his administra- tion, will regard his as the great- est governor general the Philippines ever had. We rejoice in the reported intention of Gov. Wood to return to the Philip- pines. May he live many more happy. years in the services of his country h anity! and humanily’ ; \MES G. WINGO. ——— Architect Discusses Great Falls Project To the Editor of The Star: : T noted with interest the Edllorl.»nl in The Washington Star of June .‘3’ entitled “The Potomac Power, Issues. The American Institute of Archi- tects is deeply interested in the de- velopment of the National Capital and is taking advantage of all 43! the patural resources available. ‘We be- lieve the Great Falls and a gorge of the Potomac represent a natural park unequaled by any of the parks adjacent to any ‘of our larger Amer- ican cities and awaiting only the development of accessible park routes and the inclusion of the surrounding lands in the park system to make it available to the visitors to Wash- ington. ; The point to which T wish partic- ularly to call attention is the fact that there seems to be some misun- derstanding as to the nature of the proposed power development. I un- derstand that this will consist of two dams, one at or near the Chain Bridge which will raise the water level practically to the top of the gorge at that point, submerging the rapids, islands and palisades in a lake which will extend to the foot of the Falls. At the Falls proper another dam will be built, at the top of the Falls, and all of the water will be held behind this second dam, dis- charging through turbines at the bot- tom of the Falls with the spillway re- turning to the river at the level of the lower lake, developing the Head represented by the distance from the top of the dam above the Falls to the foot of the Falls, and preventing any water whatsoever from flowing over the Falls except in case of floods or unusually high water, The Falls therefore would simply become a mass of rock foundation supporting a concrete dam. In view of the interest your paper has taken in this subject I would sug- gest that you assign some one to in- vestigate the plans in order that a true picture of the effect of the pro- posed development may be pre- sented. M. B. MEDARY, President, the American Institute of Architects. — o A “Blot on the "Scutcheon.” From the Boston Post. The proposed subway in Washing- ton, from the Capitol to just beyond the White House, is undoubtedly needed, but even more essential is the improvement of Pennsylvania avenue, below which the subway will run. * » ¢ For decades, while Washington has been growing elsewhere into a Capital of real magnificence, Pennsyl- vania avenue, at the Capitol end, has been a disgraceful eyesore. UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today Paris goes wild over our troops in July 4 parade. Hugh crowds gathered for review cheer frantically for Americans, and bands serenade Pershing. President Poincare pre- sents flags to American general before Napoleon's tomb. * * * Secretary Baker seizes news dispatches and vio- lates recent congressional action in defeating press censorship section of espionage bill. Associated Press dis- patches, addressed to New York, are diverted and delivered by official order. to Secretary of War in Washing- ton. * * * German spies active in this country. Germany knew of de- parture of Pershing expedition before transports passed American three. mile limit. Demand for real censor- ship of outgoing cables may bring action. * * * Practical instruction of America’s big Army of aviators begins with opening of first Govern- ment training field at Rantoul, Il Camps at Dayton and Mount Clemens to open July ¢ * * Falling off in number of U-boat sinkings convinces British submarine menace has failed, but this country is preparing for more intensified warfare within the next two months. * * War De- partment announces that sufficient clothing and camp equipment to out- fit first million men will be ready when mobilization takes place Sep- tember 1. * * * Thirteen women and four men arrested by police dur-.| ing suffrage attémpt at picketing in front of White House. 53 Q. In what States are atheists barred | from the witness stand?—J. H. K. A. Arkansas and Maryland exclude| atheists from the witness stand. Five States—Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas and the two Carolinas—bar athelsts from holding office. Belief in God is re- quired of jurors in Maryland. Q. What disease caused Napoleon's| death?—M. V. A. A. He died May 5, 1821, of cancer of the stomach. Q. How did the expression, days’ wonder, originate’—(C. W. A. The phrase is thought to have originated in a reference to the nine days during which Lady Jane Grey was styled Queen of England. Some authorities attribute it to the nine days after birth that a puppy is blind. An old proverb says: “A wonder lasts nine days. and then the puppy’s eyes are open.” nine Q. Was there an animal known as| the trench rat during the war’—N. G. A. The rat known as the trench rat was the ordinary field rat. Q. Where is the Lick Observa- tory?—B. A. H. A. Tt is about 13 mil east of San Jose, Calif., on Mount Hamilton. Q. Please name some seaside re- sorts near London.—B. M. N. A. The principal seashore resorts in the vicinity of London, England, are: Southend, Ramsgate, St. Leon ards, Margate, Folkestone, East- bourne, Broad Stairs, Hastings and Worthing. Q. What kinds of material may be used for gas bags for balloons?— C. E. K. A. Silk, cotton and linen are the textiles extensively used in the manu- facture of gas bags for balloons and airships, but all of these materials require the addition of a gas-holding treatment, such as varnish, India rubber, goldbeater’s skin and so-called “dopes.” Q. Please give an account of Ellis Island.—L. V. A. Ellis Island is a small island in the northern part of upper New York Bay, a mile southwest of the Battery. It was sold by New York State to the United States in 1808, and for many years was used as a powder magazine. In 1891 it was an immigrant station. The present buildings were erected in 1897, when the original structures were burned. Q. Who invented whisky?—J. W. M. A. It is not known who invented whisky. It has been prepared for many centuries both in Ireland and in Scotland. The name is probably from the Celtic uisgebeatha, which was contracted to usquebaugh, a liquor which ~was extensively used during the seventeenth and eight- eenth centuries. It was not quite the same as modern whisky. Q. "When wi bread “the staff of life"?—A. Z. A. A. The expression is found in the 104th Psalm. Why are “‘southpaw! Base ball diamonds are so con- struoted that the pitcher's left side is in a southerly direction. oo Q. How many people are assisted by the Travelers’ Aid during a year?— C.Y.D. A. It was estimated that last year 1,300,000 travelers took advantage of this service, Eighty thousand of these were under 16 years of age. first called A left-handed pitchers "?—B. W. Q. called A. Q. How many magazines and news- papers began publication last year?— M. D. H. A. Ayer’s Newspa 952 new publications. 942 were discontinued during the period. Q. Why do plants and flowers wilt and sometimes die in the breeze of per Annual lists It is said that same { the moon w: | so prevalent during the World War| | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. This figured In selecting it as the hostelry at which the Prince of Wales was entertained in 1860. Q. Tf the moon kept the same face toward the sun instead of toward the earth, would it still turn on its axis? F. McC. A. If the moon kept the same side toward the sun, this would mean that s turning on its axis once in a year, as viewed by a sta- tionary observer from outside the solar system, Q. Are sandals being worn this sea son”—A. R. M. A. A recent fashion article savs that the most popular evening she are sandals of pale beige satin or black satin, or silver and white bhro- cade. Various type sandals afe also being shown for street wear. Q. Why do stations in one direction come in stronger than those in an- othe D. H. A. The Loomis Radio School says, generally speaking, signals will come in loudest from those stations which are located in the directions toward | which your lead-in points, instead of in the direction pointed to by the free end of your antenna. Those stations will be heard next loudest which are slightly off this line. So far as the college knows, the direction of the aerial.in regard to the cardinal points of the compass has very little effect on radio reception. Q. Has Lindbergh expressed himself as to whether it would be harder to | fly from Paris to New York than it | was to fly from New York to Paris?— C. P L. A He said: “T am convinced that it is much casier to fly from America to Europe than to fly from Europe to America. The air drift is from west to east, and the prevailing wind, when the weather is good, is from the sout! west or northwest. If the wind is from the east. favoring flight from Europe, then the weather is likely to be bad.” Q. Do oysters open their shelis to eat?—. . Al A. Oysters when feeding open their sheils. In shallow creeks where the water is very clear it is often possible to see oysters with their shells open. When oysters are artifically propa- gated they wre fed with minute organ- isms such as they are accustomed to feeding on in nature. Oysters are not scavengers: Q. How wide is the Mlississippi River at its widest point?—H, H. A. The Mississippi River Commis- slon says that according to the latest survey the widest point on the Mississippi River at bankfull stage was found 77 miles below Cairo, I, where the river was 14,420 feet across. It s narrowest near its source, being less than 50 feet between Lake Itasca and Minneapolis. Q. How are pictures sent over the telephone?—M. D. A. Recent systems which have been worked out for transmitting photo- graphs for use in modern communica- tior. include the Telepix, Bartlane and the system of the American Telephone & Telegraph Co.; the last now in com- mercial operation between some of the principal cities of the United States. In this system the picture is put in the form of a positive photographic print on cellulold film. This is placed on a transparent cylinder which is advanced and rotated by a screw motion. A minute spot of light is focused on the surface of the film and passes through it on to an alkali metal photoelectric cell. The current from the photoelectric cell is simplified and then used to modulate or vary the strength of a carrier alternating cur- rent of voice frequency suitable for efficlent transmission over telephore lines. At the receiving end the incom- ing current operates a light valve, the light from which falls on a sensitive photographic film moved in synchro- an electric fan?>—C. E, L. A. This is because the fan causes too violent a circulation of air, which absorbs the moisture from the plants and flowers. Q. What is the capacity of the pro- posed Boulder Dam?—M, L. W. ‘A. The Reclamation Service says that the capacity is as follows: 26,000, 000 acre feet, with an area of about 130,000 acres, or about 200 square miles. Q. What hotel was the first to in- stall an elevator>—G. E. F. nism with the film at the sending end. Find out whatever you iwant to know. There is no room for igno- rance in this busy world. The person who loses out is the one who guesses. The person who gets on is always the one who acts upon reliable informa- tion. This paper employs Frederic J. Haskin to conduct an information bu- reau in Washington for the free use of the public. There is no charge ez- cept two cents in stamps for return postage. Write to him today for any facts you desire. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau A. The Fifth Avenue Hotel in New installed the first in 1 Gen. Wood and Again Stir Filipino aspirations for independ- ence and American administration of the islands under Gen. Leonard Wood as governor general are warmly de- bated by the press in discussing the general's return’to the United States to seek renewed health and to per- sonally report to President Coolldge. Opinions range all the way from the New York Herald -Tribune’s (Re- publican) belief that * genuine misfortune - if Gov. Waod" health did not permit him to return® to the Philippines” to this thrust from the St. Louis Post-Dis- patch (independent): “In spite of the profound discontent which stirs the Philippines and in spite of the per- sonal antagonism he has aroused, Wood says the Filipinos are the hap- piest people on earth. Now you tell one!” The Indianapolis Star (independent) thinks thet “jn the event of his resig- nation the @overnment would have difficulty in finding his equal for the post.” In the opinion of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram (independent Democratic), “It would have set back the American interest in the Philip- pines if Gen. Wood had retired at this time,” and finds ‘“‘the announce- ment from the Summer White House that he will return to his post this Fall a welcome one.” The Charlotte Observer credits the general with doing a good job. and assumes that the Government intends to send him back. * ok K K Concerning the progress of the Philippines in recent years there is much comment. Many papers share the view of the Seattle Daily Times (independent Republican). which says: “No part of the world has made greater progress than the thpplnes’ since their acceptance of United States sovereignty, and under the in- cumbency of Gen. Wood their ad- vancement has been more marked than in any previous period of simi- lar duration.” The New York Eve- ning Post (independent) pictures, Wood as having come back to us “leaving a restored government, fi- nancial soundness and a new respect for the power and integrity of the United States,” while the Allentown Morning Call (independent) says, “Ajl reports from unbiased sources indi- cate that Gen. Wood has made a won- derful record in spite of great ob- stacles,” an opinion shared by the Terre Haute Star (independent), which exclaims, *“Well done, Gen. Wood!” " On the other hand, the Louisville Courifer-Journel (Democratic) declares that “it is no secret that the adminis- tration has long been worried over the affairs in the islands. Business is at a_ standstill.”” The Kentucky daily Frederic J. Haskin, director, Washing- ton, D. Philippines Differing Views (independent Democratic), which thinks a change of governors would be beneficial, says: “It is bad enough that we hold subject races against their will, and follow policies that make it dangerous to permit the reading of the Declaration of Independence in the schools of our ‘possession’ without such flamboyant military and Roman proconsul gestures as those with which Gen. Wood has made our sub- jects familiar. A statesman, not a professional soldier, is needed in Manila.” To the Lynchburg Advance (Democratic), the fault is with “the ap- pointing power which sought to fill a round hole with a square peg. So if a good soldier fails in a non-military mission, what of it?” asks the Ad- vance. As to the feasibility of Filipino in- dependence, the Kansas City Post (independent) asserts: “Sound students of the Philippines agree that complete Independence, If it ever is to come, is 2 goal for the indefinite future.” The Richmond News-Lead: (independent Democratic) remark ‘heories there are in abundance; practice is beset with a thousand doubts and ten thou- thousand difficulties.” EEE Noting that Gen. Wood “justifies his stand against the independence pleb- iscite on the ground that he was sav- ing the people in his care from ex- ploitation by designing, political ad- venturers from whom they did not know how to protect themselves,” the Detroit Free Press (independent) re marks, “And we cannot think of any thing which was more directly withis his line of duty as governor general.” The Fort Wayne News-Sentinel (Re- publican) characterizes the talk about Philippine independence as ‘“so much chatter by irresponsible pacifists and fanatics, many of whom are living in the clouds and are to be more pitied than censured.” Yet the Omaha World-Herald (inde- pendent) says: “'O foolish Filipinos! To want to trade the substance of mate- rial well-being for the shadow of a dis- turbed and disturbing independence! Their heads are fillled with the kind of nonsense over which Washington and the Adamses and Jefferson and Frank- lin and Paine and John Hancock went daft. If the people of the Philippiges nr; prosperous, what more can they ask?” As the Duluth Herald (Independent) see it, “the real point is that it lsn't good for any people, however kindl; to get into the habit of managing a other people. It is bad for both sides of this bad bargain, and contains within itself the elements of its own ultimate destruction.” The Portland Express (Republican) insists thag “a strong hand is still needed in the Philippines” and the in- adds: “Economic development is im- possible because of political unrest. The governor general and the native Legislatu re at loggerheads and !trade and ress have been brought to a hall The ' New York World iam, dependence now being sought ‘“does not mean independence at all, but the nuon.:lt.lotn‘ o{ t;'o n:lrchlnch‘o by a group that is ins , not by patriot- Jbut selfishness.” ¥