Evening Star Newspaper, October 20, 1926, Page 8

—_— e —_— THE EVENING STAR FEINS Mot tncisAlllan WASHINGTON, D. C. ‘WEDNESDAY. . .October 20, 1828: TR P | THEODORE W. NOYES. —_— : The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11ty e Peinayivania Avi Now Sork Giitba: 510 Eaut dm o Chirazo O Building. uropsan 'Jm"!:,\)‘, t St. Loudon. o The Eronine Star. with the Sun | . le delivered by rar: l,‘(l 'umnl i S Th et B gt 'l- mohxg.' Orders may b:v.n( Slephone Main 5000. Collection is made by carrier at end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. | ; Maryland and Virginia. Bals ang suncas unday oaly .. All Other States and Datly and Sunday only | 1 i ! Sunday only Canada. L1 ¥r.$12.00: 1 m . Member of the Assoclated Press. The Aseociatel Prese in axclisively ant %o the use for republication of all news dis- | Fatehes credited fo (s or not ‘atherwiss cred. | ted in this paver and alo the lo= iblished herein - All rights o ot special fo are - The Free Trade Manifesto. is imposstble to consider t pul dispatches he also reserved. It the manifesto in favor of the removal of | tariff walls, signed by bankers, in.| dustrialists and merchants of sixteen | icluding . six bankers of | this country, save as primarlly an sp- peal for the lowering If not the aholl- ton of Amerlcan protective duties. | e | The movement for the preparation of the manifesto started, it is belleved, in Germany. It was promoted in Eng- land. The signatures are those of Furopean leaders in finance and busi- ness, and the list is an impressive and welzhty ane. The six American bankers are conspicuously influential. Already President Coolidge has in- dicated that ha regards this mani festo as i menace to an American institution which 15 essential to the prosperity of this countrv. As for the other rations, the matter of free trade s for them to determine. The United States, however, is comitted to a policy of protection. The inter- ests of the bankers are not necessari- 1y identical with those of the people at large. Those who lend money in- ternationally are naturally in favor of free trade, und importers take the same position, but manufacturers and ‘Wage carners want a full measure of protection. It has been distinetly disclaimed that this manifesto relates to the American tariff, but bears upon the European situation. That, however, 13 to be “accepted with reserve.” The signatorfes other than the six Amer- ican bankers represent countries that are at present in debt to ono another or to the United States. This is the only creditor natlon in net terms of all the sixteen. It is nt present chief- v a selling country. The purpose of the manifesto is to change the tariff conditions 0 as to make it & buying nation, to furnish a market for Euro- | pean goods, produced under the great- 1y different economle conditions of | those countries, Tho economie syllogtsm which the manifesto presents is unquestionable, trom the TFuropean viewpolnt: Lower vour tariit barrlers and let us sell our | goods in vour market and we can pay our debts. the syllogism is not ocomplete. Prosperity is the alm of every country whose unofficlal repre- sentatives have signed this manifesto. It is lkewisc the aim of the United States. Free trads would not spell prosperity for this country. It would | mean the reduction of the wage| standards and the standards of Nv-| ing here. Competition with the cheap- er goods of other linds would be im- possible on any other basis than a re- duction of those standards. Altrutsm alone would justify acces. slon to the proposal to sweep away all tariff walls. Not even those who favor rate reduction for special in terests are willing to contemplate fros trade. The farmers who are urg- ing some modifications for their own benefit would not tolerute the oblit- eration of the barrlers that have been the largest factor in thelr pros- perity in the past. The wage earners, the artisans of Amerlca, though c sumers—as all people are consumers ~wourld not consent to the opening of a brack in the wall that keeps out the praducts of the lower-paid workers of Europe, for the sake of greatsr prosperity overseas. ! Participation of slx American bank- ers in the manifesto merely puts them In the category of tho speclal pleaders for international stability. They do not represent a commanding influence in this country, great as is their power in the world of finance. This country ardently wants Euro- pean stability and prosperity, not for the sake of liguidation of the dsh&fl; owing to the United States, but for | the benefit of humanity. But it Is not disposed to sacrifice itself, the wel- fare of its people, for thet ideal. If| the matter were put o & vote the an- swer would be overwheimingly in the aegative. B Missour! will be reluctant in con- sidering any movement to shelve James A. Iteed. He is widely regarded as the State’s best advertisement. . A Sentimental Jurist. Two men who had just pleaded gullty to a charge of robbery stood before a Brookiyn judge for sentence. The victim of the robbers was the judge's brother, a motor dealer. They had worked for him for several years and had stolen automobile parts from him worth $500. The judge dispensed Justice with a gesture. “If you had rodbbed sume one else than my brother,” he sald, “T would not let you off with a suspended sentence, but, as my brother was the victim, I am going to show you I am not | vin@lctive.” 8o the sentences were suspended ‘This scrt of sentimentality in court is calculated to encourage the crooks. Parbaps in these two cases the thievee | will proceed henceforth in the path of righteousness. It may be that! they will never slip again, whereas it they were sent to prison for their thefts they would later practice rob- bery as a business. But what of the lawbreakers who &re watching the courts for guidance te their own cen- THE EVENING duct? Every soft sentence, every pm-ldred were killed by earthquake: in bation, every parole, every suspended Penalty is an incentive to them to keep on with their adventures against the law. Of course, there are cases warrant- Ing sentence suspension, probation and parole. Sometimes brands are snatched from the burning by these means. Often families are saved from separation and homes from destruc- tlon by the grant of mercy to an of- fender. But the mitigation of punish- ments has been carried altogether too far. Confirmed criminals are let off Onts | lghtly because of some particular cir- cumstances which appeal to the emo- tions of the court. It may be repaated that every case of mitigation con- tributes to the crime records. e French Debt Settlement. A rent has been made in the meshes of the French political net in which the Berenger-Mellon dsbt settlement has so long been entangled. Word comes from across the Atlantic that the strong French Radical Soctalist party has finally adjusted itseif to ratification, with such quallfications as Premier Poincare may find neces- sary to obtain a favorable vote In the Chamber. Under the truce thus established Poincare. in his dual capacity of pre- mier and finance minister, is to be ®iven a falr opportunity by the Briand supporters to work out France's financial salvation. Briand is in turn to be afforded a free hand in the con- duct of forelgn affairs. Such an arrangement offers a fairer prospect for success than any hitherto concluded. ‘Whatever the justice of the charge, the bellef undoubtedly ex- 1sts that Poincare is so completely identified with French nationalism as to render astigmatic his vision of the essential relationship of France to post-war Europe. Versallles is, in the popular judgment, Poincare. Locarno is Briand. And in an adjustment of the reins of power which makes for the dominance of liberal opinion in French foreign relatlons, the world will rejoice. Nor will its rejoicing be less in the fact that, by that same adjustment, conservatism is given a long push for- | ward toward dominance in the na- tional finance of France. Joined loose- ly with unified Socialists, the Radical Socialists who have supported Briand have overlong delayed the solving of France’s difficult financial problem, in the hope of forcing a capital levy on their nation. This opposition, in so far as the Radical BSoclalists are con- cerned, is now to be withdrawn. And with Poincare commanding as he does the confidence and backing of the big business interests of France, there is fair reason to anticipate success for his efforts. For Polncare, who at first did not seem inclined to follow the recom- mendations of the committee of ex- perts as made last July, has subse- quently given every indication of a change of opinion. The new finance bill, the sinking fund billand the Bank of France bill passed by the French Parliament before its adjournment on August 11 adhere in general to the advice of the experts, Since adjourn- ment he has devoted his attention to bringing about further deflation by various economic reforms. The committee of experts recognized, as was inevitable, that an essential factor in the solving of their nation's financial problems was a refunding of the French external debt. They recog- nized the inevitable relationship be- tween stabilization of the franc, new foreign loans and debt settlements. Polncare, seeking the answer to his many-angled financial riddle, along the general lines of French expert opinion, cannot fail himself so to rec- ngnize basic facts. International relations, whether of & financial or other complexion, and national politics are bad bed-fellows, as Amerlea from its own experience should be ready to testify. It is a true and a significant fact that, with natfonal politics subtracted from the equation, the French debt to the United States would long since have been satisfactorily adjusted. That no stiff-necked adherence to inconsequen- tial pretensions on either side of the Atlantic may be permitted to block an early settlement, and that this re- cently concluded agreement between two strong and hitherto opposed groups in the French Chamber may smooth the road to a mutually desired goal, is the sincere wish of the count- less friends of France in America. ———t Mexico and Japan are hinted at as possible sources of warllke aggression against the U. S. A. Both countries have much local business needing at- tention. The role of original war pro- moter has usually been highly fictitious and non-profitable. e e Horoscopic Horrors, The British Institute of Astrology took its pen in hand as long ago as December, 1921, and told the world— which, with due regard to any preju- dice against slang, was at that time more or less cock-eved—that 1926 was going to be a terrible vear. It was destined to shake sald world to its foundations, both politically and ohys- It was to be a successiwn of plagues, famines, floods, shipwrecks, riotings and revolutions. This horoscope, spread over the earth by the Associated Press, went on to state that the conjunction of Mars and Mercury would cause all this superabundance of trouble, and that six years later, in 1932—year of the Geurge Washington bicentennial-— the Great Armageddon would take place, all previous Armageddons being weak imitations. Mohammedanism al- lled with bolshevism was to hand a knockout punch to the Anglo-Saxon peoples. The final outcome, however, would be universal peace for the weary survivors Looking back over the firat nine and a half months of 1926, thimgs have been rather messy. There have been floods of water in Jugoslavia, Austria and lilinols, and of bootleg stuff in a targe area of the United States. There have been landslides and such sea- storms as were featured by the rescue feat of the & S. President Roosevelt. The Lake Denmark arsenal blew up with a bang that, had sufficient atmos- phere existed, z»g3d have been heard on the mema. Ia Sumatra four hun- — Egypt one hundred and ten. Famines have visited Russia and the Near East, the latter being simply a continua- tion of that existing ever since Noah landsl on Ararat. A Greek revolu- tion, a Polish revolution, the “Donny- brook fair” in China, the religious dis- pute in Mexico, religlous riots in India, Spanish unrest and the daily Franch financial crisis all have occu- pied the front pages of newspapers. Mine disasters have been frequent. ‘The Plarida hurricane is fresh in every mind. ‘Washington lost the American League pennant and the sudden pen- chant df Mr. Coolidge for fly, bait and spoon-hiook has convulsed the pisca- torial world. And, perhaps most ter- rible of all, some one took a shot at MussoRisd. The worst is yet to come. Weather Bureau officials claim that a real old- fashionetl “hard” Winter is on its way, the most severe since 1917. Mars and Mercury have been conjoining and parting ever since'the beginning of mundane time, as have many other cambinations of planets. According to the same reasoning a conjunction |52 of Venus and Saturn would make womenkind gloomy for three hundred and sixty-fime days. A glance backward at almost any year since hlstory began would, how- ever, justify such a prognostication as these horoscopic experts made for 1926. For every dikaster and disagreeable happening o%e can think of some counterbalancimg benefit or pleasant occurrence. Mnd the old world gets better and better as time goes on. These “perfectlly terrible” years are like an occasiq:bal round pebble in the road of a pedmstrian taking a long hike. He may suffer a stone-bruise, but he gets therw just the same. | | The Republiokns and Democrats preserve the old party designations, al. though individual members of each organization cherish opinions shared by members of the other. The name of a political party is no longer a re- liable signal of distinction for classi- fled voters. e A Vice President used to be an in- conspicuous offictal. Mr. Dawes has changed this and demonstrated that while his higher ti’e may imply re- pose the position of presiding officer of. the Senate may be rendered exceed- ingly dynamic. ——————— New York sends many plays an the road in the hope of recouping for a bad Broadway season. The butter and egg man who stays at home and merely pays for two seats next the aisle gets off easy. ———— . Hospitality generous and sincere will be accorded Queen Marie, who s in the hands of her friends, regardless of misunderstandings which may arise in connection with committees of ar- rangements. ————— ‘Washington, D. C., is not only the most beautiful city in the world, but is rapidly becoming one of the largest communities. It aiso has one of the world’s most interesting collections of voteless citizens. Norway's vote for prohibition is not as large as was expected. America’s enforcement system is not vet as en- couraging an example as it ought to be. l Forebodings of “another war” tend to spoll the pleasurable expectations of a fiveday week plan. No soldier can expect to get off with five days' labor at liberal pay. e A prize fight, though backed by a liberal purse, is most important in its lucrative possibilities us a battle for the vaudeville spotlight. o Paris some time ago announced that long skirts would again be in vogue. France has made miscalculations in fashfons as well as in finance. ——————— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Dream of a Million. *‘Oh, what would you do with a mil- lion?" The answer is easy and quick. “No more as a humble civilian I'd practice economy’s trick. I'd spend double price for a dinner, I'd pay doubie cost for a roof, Till the doctor said I must grow thinner And from stuffy aloof. rooms slumber “I'd probably get indigestion And dally with bootlegging bungs. Physicians would raise a grave ques- tion Regarding the state of my lungs. And strangers would hasten to tell me Of some great investment or cure. Each friend would have something to sell me— So, mebbe it's best to be poor. Rules. ‘“Are you in favor of changing the rules of the United States Senate?"” “I haven't gotten so far along.” an- swered Senator Sorghum. “I haven't yet found e place where even the traf- fic rules were entirely satisfactory. So I'm kind o' reconciled to let the Sen- ate bump along for awhile till we can tend to the small practical detalls.” Jud Tunkins says Columbus dis- covered America, but compared to European financiers had no idea of what there was in it. Ample Warning. Another war folks prophes; So let us brace our nerve. If all this warning we pass by, ‘We'll get what we deserve. “‘An obstinate man,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “has his own way, but it soon becomes a lonely one.” Feminine Gutle, Poor Samson lingered in despair, The tale avers, Because Delilah bobbed his hair Instead of hers. STAR, WA | HINGTON, D. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES L. TRACEWELL. “Education and the Good Life,” by Bertrand Russell, published by Boni|sary.” & Liveright in May, and now in its fifth edition, is a lineal successor to Herbert Spencer's essays on educa- tion. The value of this book to the av- erage parent or other person inter- ested in education—and who that thinks is not?—lies in the fact that Mr. Russell sums up in more or less popular fashion scores of the best theories in modern psychology. A reader who might easily enough be frightened away from Freud will get from Russell many practical ap- plications of the theories of that great psychologist, and at the same time will find them enveloped in an atmos- phere of love. “Knowledge wielded by love is what the educator needs and what his pu- pils should acquire,” says this mathe- matician, philosopher and educator. Advocating the conquest of fears of all kinds, and the formation of character by the age of 6 years, Mr. Russell 5: ‘A generation educated in fearless freedom will have wider and bolder hopes than are possible to us, who still have to struggle with the super- stitious fears that lle in walit for us below the level of consciousness.” A thousand ancient fears, he de- clares, obstruct the road to happi- ness and freedom. “But love can con- quer fear, and if we love our children nothing can make us withhold the great gift which it is in our power to_bestow."” Briefly stated, Mr. Russell believes that the first 6 years of a child's life are the important ones, not only for the formation of character, but for the inculcation of habits of investiga- tion, which shall ever after make the pursuit of knowledge a happy, self-started thing. ERE "n" is the business of early educa- tlon,” he says, “to train the instincts so that they may produce a harmoni- ous character, constructive rather shan destructive, affectionate rather than sullen, courageous, frank and in- telligent. “The crude material of instinct is, in most respects, equally capable of leading to desirable and to undesir- able actions,” he continues. “In the past men did not understand the train- ing of instinct and therefore were compelled to resort to repression. “Punishment and fear were the great incentives to what we call vir- . We now know that repression is 2 bad method, both because it is never really successful and because it pro- duces mentel disorders.” (It may be stated here that this is the crux of the Freudian doctrines as abplied to education and is here briefly and ad- mirably put.) “The training of instincts is a to tally different method, involving a totally different technique. Habits and ekill make, as it were, a channel for instincts, leading it to flow one way or another, according to the di- rection of the channel. “By creating the right habits and the right skill we cause the child’s instincts themselves to promote desir- able actions.” (This I8 the crux of the newer education.) ‘‘There is no sense of strain, because there is no need to resist temptation. There is no thwarting, and the child has a sense of unfettered spontaneity.” Mr. Russell has much common sense, however, and realizes such good as the older methods did—and do— possess. ““I do not meun these state- ments to be taken in an absolute sense,” he goes on. “There will al- ways be unforeseen contingencies in WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS which older methods may be neces- (Thus he paves the way for a good paddling, now and then, when necessary’) “But the more the science of child psychology is perfected and the more oxperience we acquire in nursery schools the more perfectly the new methods can bo. appited.” * K Kk ox The real failure of the older educa- tion lay in the fact that normally inquisitive children—and what is more anxlous to learn than a little child?—were turned into older boys and girls who were willing to shirk knowledge-getting, happy to ‘cut” classes, eager to “play hookey,” bored by lessons, unable utterly to realize that they were in school for a pur- pose. Whose fault was it? Honest teachers long realized that, though they might publicly place the blame on little Johnny or Susie, the real reason lay in the absolute failure of educational methods to preserve the natural curiosity of children. Something was wrong, every time a more or less normal boy hated school. Something ra:tcally is wrong, each time a schoolooy feels that school is a task, not an opportunity. Bertrand Russell points out as well as any one we have ever read just what the 'trouble is, and how it may be corrected. Firmly believing that the ideal system of education must be democratic, Mr. Russell deplores “the tendency to make education useful rather than ornamental.” This, by the way, is just the opposite of what Herbert Spencer deplored—so it may be seen that Spencer wrote to some purpose! School and its rules must be obeyed as a means to enjoyment! KEvery- body has always known, Mr. Russell points out, that it is easy to obtain self-discipline in games, but no one has supposed that the acquisition of knowledge could be made sufficiently interesting to bring the same motives into operation. “The fundamental idea is simple: that the right discipline consists, not in external compulsion, but in habits of mind which lead spontaneously to desirable rather than undesirable ac- tivities.” * Kk * X The spontaneous wish to learn, Mr. Russell says, “which every normal child possesses, as shown in its efforts to walk and talk, should be the driv- ing force in educatfon.” How sadly the average parent and the average school misapplies this, one has only to look around him to By the time the child is 6 years old, moral education ought to be nearly complete—that ia to say, the further virtues which will be required in later years ought to be developed by the boy or girl spontaneously, as a result of good habits already exist- ing and ambitlons already stimulated.” Mr. Russell gives many hints, which the wise will be able to apply, and which also the wise will use to lead them on to further investigation of the subject, and the precise applica- tion of proper methods. It {8 amazing how few people, espe- clally parents, have made any particu- lar investigation of the Montessori methods, or nursery schools, or the subject of modern psychology applied to education in general. “Education and the Good Life” will serve as an Introduction, then, to a large subject, one of the most in- teresting in the world, and a subject in which all that we may learn is lamentably little. A new bidder for Muscle Shoals has appeared -ths Farmers Federat- ed Fertilizer Corporation—engineered and sponsored by C. Bascom Slemp, former secretary to Fresident Cool- idge. Much mystery attsnds it. Mr. Flemp savs he is but the attorney “for a group who are seeking a satis- factory soluzon for the Muscle Shoals problem.” He is not vet ready to muake public disclosure of his prin- cipals. He declares that he is acting solely “in public spirit” and “vol- untatily in the hope of doing some good.” He is going to Lresent the nrop)sals of the F. ", Corporation w Congress in the expectation that an examinatioa will disclose that they rce fas superior. both to the offer of the Air Nitrates Co., which the spaclil committee nmamed at the last session to receive bids for Muscle Shoals rejected, and to the offer of the Assoclated Southern Power Cos., which the commitize accepted. Tne latter proposition is now pending in Congress, backed by the recommenda- tion of tho special congressional com- mittee, headad by Senator Deneen of Illinois, thit Congress authorize the lease. The Southern Power Cos. of- fer likewise passed the scrutiny and gained the approval of the expert ad- visers of the Departments of War, Commerce and Agriculture, who ex- amined all the bids nt the Deneen committee’s request. It is understood to have also the tacit indorsement of the Presidsnt. However, the Air N trates' proposal rejected by the com- mittee 1s backed by the Cyanamid Co. and the Union Carbide Co., with wide financial and business ramifications and with raanv friends in Congress. It ratification of the Southern Power Cos. lease is obtained, it will be only after a hard fight. Mr. Slemp pro- fesges to belizve a deadlock will re- sult with the Farmers Federated Fer- tilizer Corporation ready to save the day by taking the Muscle Shoals “plum” for itself. ok xR Huston Thompson, prominent Wil- son Democrat, who recently quit the Federal Trade Commission, has hung out his shingle as a practicing at- torney here at the Capital. He also wlil maintain law oftices in Denver, in his home State of Colorado. ' It is no secret that Thompson's real objective is the Colorado senatorship. The term of Senator Phipps, present Republican incumbent, does not expire for an- other four years, but Thompson is prepared to bide his time and in 1980 give battle to Phipps. * ok oKk While the New York hotel which Queen Marie will honor with her patronage was requisitioning from private collectors antique furniture with which to furnish the royal suite, the Rumanian Legation here, which was the Queen’s domicile during her two-day stay in Washington, reversed the process and borrowed from local hotels speclal furniture for the occa- sion. It develops that the legation's regular furniture {is the ordinary Grand Rapids product. A bed fit for a Queen was the most serious prob- lem. This was solved, however, and a gorgeous canopled-top affair of the French period of Louls XIV was in- stalled. This was loaned by the ‘Wardman Park hotel. * o x Either Senator Willis of Ohio { marched at the head of the Ohio con- }tingent in the American Legion pa- rade at Philadelphia last week or else a great hoax was perpetrated in his name. The weight of the evidence favors the latter conclusion. What the street throngs saw was this: A Le- gionnaire bearing a huge placard e “Home, Sweet Home," said Uncle|with the inecription, “Hon. Frank B. Eben, “is a good tune, but somehow | Willis, United States Senator from it's most always sung or played some place else.” Ohio,” and marching just behind, flanked on both sides by smartly uni- formed , & tall re In a cuta- way coat and a high hat who was either the Senator himself or his 1iv- ing image. The crowds cheered or jeered, according to their taste, and when the reviewing stand was reached a messenger was hastily dispatched from the stand to invite the Senator to a seat on the platform. This in- vitatlon was courteously declined. There the matter stands, with nobody ready to say for a certainty whether it was Willis or his double who marched. If it was a joke, as is now the prevailing opinion. the question is whether. the joke was on Willls or on the crowds. * X k X Dr. Wayne B. Wheeler, generalis- simo of the Anti-Saloon League and spokesman for the drys, is running true to form and true to his political creed which makes the prohibition cause the paramount consideration. He urges the voters of Ilitnois to sup- port Frank’'L. Smith, the Republican senatorial nominee, a passive dry, and to ignore the protest candidacy of the Republican {ndependent, Maglll, lest by voting for Magill the drys precipi- tate the election of Brennan, a wring- ing wet. To Pensylvania he sends the summons_to rally to the support of Willlam B. Wilson, ,the Democratic senatorlal candidate, and encompass the defeat of Vare and the “organized liquor interests,” who, he says, are promoting the Vare candidacy. In New York his forces are on the firing line for Cristman, the independent nomi- nee. They do not dream that Cristman has the slightest show of winning, but since Senator Wadsworth, Republi- can, and Judge Wagner, Democratic, are both anti-prohibition nominees. Dr. Wheeler realizes he must choose be- tween two evile. He hopes to bring about the defeat of Wadsworth. This will punish Wadsworth for his ‘“de- sertion’” of the prohibition cause and be an object lesson and warning to other dry Senators who may be waver- ing in their allegiance. EEE The Coolidge administration has yet failed to claim credit for the marked decline In rats in the Treasury under Republican ryle. I. C. Fisk, general foreman of labor in the Treasury Building, who includes “rat extermi- nator-in-chief” among his titles, re- ports that in 1822 his force captured and killed 764 rats in the cellars and subcellars of the Treasury. Last year the total rat death toil there was only 100. This was not due to lessened effi- clency of his force, but rather to the fact that there were fewer live rats on the premlse.s‘ * * *® Gene Tunney is_“in bad" in both political camps in New York. The Re- publicans corralled him as a stellar attraction for a monster radio rally. They cared naught for his personal politics just so long as he was will- ing to say a few words of greeting to his admiring public, under Republican auspices. Gene's friends in the Demo- cratic ranks were sore, 8o to retrieve his error he sent a check for $500 to Al Smith's campaign fund. Some un- kind pérsons hinted that perhaps it was the money the Republicans had promised him to speak at their rally, At any rate, Gov. Smith is reported to have issued a prompt denial that Tunney was any particular friend of his. “I don't know him,” sald Al “I am far too busy with State affairs to have time to cultivate the acquaint- ance of prize fighters.” Some saw in the governor’'s words, besides a slam at Tunney, a gentle dig at his friend, Mayar Jimmy Walker, who was a prominent spectator at the Tunney- Dempsey match and who welcomed the new champion to New York City. (Copyrizht. 1926.) Dark Days. From the San Antonio Express. New York's window-cleaners have gone on strike and the outlook is|dry rathe er hezy. C.,, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1926.' ’ Politics at Large By G. Gould Lincoln. The “breaks” have been in favor of the Democrats since the senatorial campaign began in many of the States. They have favored the Dem- ocrats in local issues rather than national. But the result of the elec- tlons will to & very great extent be decided November 2 on local issues and conditions. Two weeks ago there seemed no doubt that Indlana would elect two Republican United States Senators, Watson and Robin- son. Now there is grave doubt as to the outcome, due to the charges of corruption which have been made against the Republican organization, dominated as it has been by Ku Klux Kian, or former Klan, officials, Further West, in Ilinols, where all seemed serene for a Republican vic- tory, revelations of large contribu- tions to the primary campaign fund of Col. Frank L. Smith by Samuel Insull, a public utilities magnate, and other utility interests have led to the entry of an independent Re- publican candidate for the Senate— Magill. The chances of the Republi. cans are dimmed by so much, as the strength of the ingependent candi- date may increase before election day. The beHet still prevalls that Smith will be elected, but Democratic hopes for George E. Brennan, their candidate, have been raised. On the Pacific Coast lies Oregon, a strongly Republican State as a rule. When Frederick Stelwer was nominated by the party for the Senate against Bert E. Haney, for- mer Shipping Board commissioner, the Democrat, it was believed Stei- wer would come through with flying colors. But Senator Stanfleld, the Republican incumbent, asserting that unfalr tactics had been used against him in the primaries, has entered the lists as an Independent and threatens to upset the kettle of fish. Indeed, the Republicans have pretty nearly decided to wipe the Oregon election oft the books as a dead loss. In Missour!, where the Democrats have been a. one another's throat Zor the last six years becauss of the differences between the followers of ‘Woodrow Wilson and the followers of Senator Reed, the hatchet has, to a very large extent, been buried and the chances of the election of Repre- sentative Harry Hawes, the Demo- cratic nominee, against Senator George H. Williams, Republican, have been greatly enhanced thereby. Back in the East there is a terrific fight ahead to re-elect Senator James W. Wadsworth, jr. His re-election was regarded not so long ago as fairly certain. But the liquor question cropped up, with Wadsworth on the wet side, although the Republican party of New York has a long record for dryness. State Senator Franklin W. Cristman of Herkimer County, a bone dry, has been put up as an independent Republican—*“Independent Rep.” is the designation that will go on the ballot. The Democrats, sersing their opportunfty for victory, have nominated Justice Robert F. Wagner of the State Supreme Court, popular with Tammany and reckoned a stronger candidate for the Senate than the Democrats have had for some time. If Cristman, with the aid of the drys, is able to roll up 250,000 or 300,000 votes, more or less, Wagner is a likely winner. The wet-and-dry issue in Massa- chusetts is making it hard for Sena- tor Butler, chairman of the Repub- lican national committee and spokes- man for the President on the Senate floor. It may not beat Senator But- ler, but it is another instance of the unkind fate which has followed Republican fortunes in the campaign. Former Senator David I. Walsh, the Democratic nominee, has seized upon the wet sentiment in the Bay State, which is considerable, and is seeking to capitalize it against Butler, who is regarded as the dry candidate, although he admits that at the time the eighteenth amendment was under consideration he was opposed to na- tion-wide prohibition. Even in rockribbed Republican Pennsylvania the Democratic nominee for the Senate, former Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson, is to have more of a “look-in” than any Demo- crat'c candidate for the Senate has had for years in that State. This is traceable, as in Illinois, to the cam- paign expenditures made_in Repub- lican primaries this year. Representa- tive Willlam 8. Vare, the Republican candidate, is under a cloud because of these excessive expenditures. He will doubtless be elected, hoth because he is a Republican and because he Is a wet in a State where the sentiment agalnst the Volstead act s pro- nounced. Wilson will get a great many Republican votes, because many Republicans are disgusted with Vare and Varism. Gov. Pinchot, Republic- an, has declared he cannot stand for Vare, and he may take many dry Republicans into the Wilson camp. ‘Wilson is bone dry. Senator Norris of Nebraska, Republican, is campaigning for Wilson in Pennsylvania, and he, too, may help to swell the vote for the Democrat. And so it goes throughout the coun- try. Democratic luck, it is called in some quarters. But it i3 Democratic luck because the Republicans have blundered or worse in many of the States. A few more blunders by Re- publicans such as those in Pennsyl- vania, Illinois and Indiana and the country will be ripe for a crusade agalnst corruption in politics. The Democrats in the West believe they have the man to lead that crusade, Senator “Jim"” Reed of Missouri, who more than any other man has been in- strumental in uncovering the exces- sive use of money in Republican cam- paigns. As chairman of the senatorial Investigating committee he has had the limelight turned full upon him. The people in Missouri are getting a great kick out of Reed's success. And some of the wets—although Reed in- sists he must not be classed a wet— are looking to Reed as a national leader. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch in a recent issue published a letter signed Esau Gooley, Wentzville, Mo., anent Senator Reed and his presiden- tial possibilities, which sald. in part: ‘“‘an whereas i wants to say farther that when you all are pushin fur Sena- tor Jim fur president you aint barkin up no Holler tree, he's the best thing the Peepul has had since mr. Voal- stead made .us drink moonshine or no licker atall, an of course noboddy wuz goin to be plumb bull headed, an whereas when he gets elected you will see washington reckonize these united states an a man will feel Purfectly safe to spit through his teeth agin, an | essentlally a one- Is lightning a high-frequency Q. alternating_current?—H. A. D. A. Thé Weather Bureau says that it is now belleved that lightning is ay discharge. Q. If one wishes to use the plural of esquire after the names of two men how should it be abbreviated?—T. C. A. Elther Esqs. or Esqrs. may be used. ‘This method of address is sel dom used in this country. Q. When the Prince of Wales suc- ceeds to the throne what will his name be’—J. R. B. A. When the Prince of Wales be- comes King_ of England, he will be known as Edward VIII, his grand- father having been known as Edward VIL. The title of the English King comprises his given Christlan name followed by the number to indicate his place in the succession; as, for instance, the first King named George was George 1, the second King named George II, etc. Q. Is “blind as a bat” simile?—C. C. B. A. The sensory faculties of bats are remarkably developed in adap- tation to their nocturnal habits. “As blind a8 a bat” is a mistaken simlle. All have efficient eyes. In the more famillar insect-eating specie they are likely to be small, beadlike and nearly hidden in soft fur. Q. How long do sun spots last?— . a true A. Their average duration is a month or two. Some last but a few days, while others last several months. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. Where is peppermint raised in the United States?—G. T. A. It is cultivated on a commer- clal scale chiefly on the muck lands of southern Michigan and northern In- diana, Q. What A. Japanese silk is a plain woven, lustrous silikc manufactured in Japan, The name covers a variety of Japa. nese silks, but is most generally ap- plied to habutai. Q. I have a painting by an artist named Stoopendaal. Please tell some- thing about him.—M. A. B. A. The painter named B. Stoopen- daal flourished about 1710. His given name was Bastiaan. In his best plates, he appears to have imitated the style of Cornelius Visscher. Stoopendaal engraved plates for Clark's “Caesar,” published in 1712. We also find reference to a Daniel Stoopendaal who was a cotemporary of Bastiaan. Q. Does the title Pasha sighify that its bearer is of noble birth?—A. B. R. A. Pasha is a title of rank in Tur- key: formerly an honorable title of a prince of the blood; latterly a title of the higher military and civil of- ficlals. Q. What citles are now the dir- tiest >—D. P. A. According to H. C. Murphy, Louisville air filter manufacturer, Pittsburgh is no longer the smokiest city in the United States. A device for measuring the number of dust particles per cubic foot of air showed in tests in 33 citles, acording to Mur- phy, that St. Louis and Cincinnati both surpass Pittsburgh in the impur- ity of their atmosphere. Detroit ranks fourth, the device showed, with Chi- cago, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Louis- ville, Buffalo, Baltimore, Milwaukee, Toledo, Columbus and Philadeiphia following in order. New York ranks fifteenth in Murphy's table, with Kansas City, Atlanta, Minneapolis, Des Moines, Washington, Denver, San Francisco and Boston below it. Q. TIs Denmark under a prohibition law?—G. R. B. is Japanese silk?—A. A. At the present time Denmark is not under prohibition laws, excepting certain local option laws applying te cities, Helsingfors being dry and some other cities. The Danish Abstention Society reports progress in prohibition sentiment and will endeavor to put through legislation to make Denmark “dry"” by 1929, which is the fiftieth an- niversary of the association. Q. How many pounds of paint were used In the Guerin decorations in the Lincoln Memorial?—A. 8. M. A. About 300 pounds. Q. What is the comparative produc- tion of the two largest asbestos-pro- ducing territories, the Dominion of Canada and South Africa?—A. N. A. In 1923 Canada produced 206,680 tons, while South Africa (including Rhodesia) produced 25,500 tons. Q. How many heavyweights have won the belt on points?—J. 8. A. Tunney is the first to win the championship on points. Q. At what speed did Miss Minnie Regelmeyer operate her typewriter in the recent contest?—W. T. A. The newly acclaimed chami typist of the world typed 160 minute. Q. What Prime Minister of Italy was the first one in modern times to invoke the name of God in a meeting of Parliament?—J. H. A. Benito Mussolini, in November, 1922, said, ““May God help me to carry to & victorious end my arduous task:" He thus broke an ancient precedent. Q. What makes milk appear white? —H. R. K. A. Milk appears white because of the retlection of light by the casein and by the fat globules in emulsion. Q. Have any successful machin for tying knots in cords, threads & the like, ever been introduced?—A. N. A. A considerable number. Knot- ting or tying devices for self:binder harvesting machines were brought into extensive and successful use a g many years ago. Machines for tylng a species of knot in the manutacture of fishaets have long been used. The girls in cotton mills who tend spoolers and other kinds of machines which operate upon yarns and threads wear upon one wrist, like a wrist watch, little machine called a hand-knotter, vhich they use in tving together, “piecing,” as it Is called, the ends of ns or threads which break in being operated upon. There I8 a rather large machine employed in the weaving dustry, called a tyingdn machine, which ‘automatlcally selects a pair of individual threads from two sheets of warp-threads, ties them together, se- lects and ties together another pair, and so on until the thousand or more thteads composing one warp which has been woven up nearly to the end thereof in & loom have been united singly to those of a second warp, pre- paratory to proceeding with the weav- ing operations with the second warp. Has Monticello been completely N on & Q. refurnished?—N. N. A. Only the main floor s now open to the public. Here, there are several pleces of Jefferson's furniture. Others are pieces of the period. The association in charge is proceeding slowly and carefully, hoping to col- lect a great deal of the original furni- ture of the mansion. When in doubt—ask Haskin. He offers himself as a target for the questions of our readers. He agrees to furnish facts for all who ask. This is a large contract—one that hes never been filled before. It would be possible only in Washington, and only to one who has spent a lifetime in locating sources of information. Haskin does not know all the things that people ask him, but he knows people who do know. Try kim. State wour question briefly, write plainly and inclose 2 cents in stamps for re- turn postage. 4ddress Frederic J. Haskin, director, The Evening Ster Information bureau, Washington, D. C. Demands Made for Settling 7 Of Daugherty-Miller Status Public opinion finds no cause for satisfaction in reviewing the mistrial of the case of Harry M. Daugherty and Thomas W, Miller, charged with conspiracy to deprive the Govern- ment of their best services in a $7,- 000,000 alien property negotiation. “If they are gulltless,” in the opinion of the St. Paul Ploneer Press, Daugherty and Miller must be just as dissatisfied with their present status_as the public. These men once held positions of the highest natfonal trust, and we do not think that they can be satisfied with any- thing short of a complete and un- equivocal vindication.” The Louls- ville Herald-Post also suggests that “if thev are as blameless as they con- tend, they should not walt upon the district attorney’s decision whether to bring new trials. They should insist upon them,” continues that paper, “so that their names be clear- ed. Until that is done they remain under the cloud of indictment, which is certainly nothing for a clear con- sclence to be grateful for. Nor fs it anything to gloat over that the only bar to prosecution on graft and brib- ery, instead of a conspiracy, was the statute of limitations.” “The defendants and the public,” declares the Detroit News, “‘were en- titled to a clean-cut verdict, whether of guilt or innocence. Not that the jurors are to blame for their failure to reach an agreement. The evidence against the former Government offl- clals was circumstantial. The po- sition of the jurors, after reviewing it, probably fairly reflects the position of the public as to the guilt or inno- cence of the defendants-—general un- certainty, with a private predispo- sition, since the defendants were politically prominent, to a bellef in their guilt. It is too bad no verdict was found because, as it is, the trial, in retrospect, seems to have served no purpose other than the stirring up of a lot of malodorous garbage.” * k% “In plain English, this case, now left hanging in the air,” it is pointed out by the Rochester Times Union, “involved a charge that In the han- dling of milllons in property, taken from allen enemies and retained long that will be purty tollable good for a change.” While the wet and dry issue is in politics this vear in many parts of the country, it has not yet becomo strictly partisan matter. It is due to this fact that the political situation has become so complicated. Nelither the Republican nor the Democratic party nationally has seized upon the wet or dry end of the question. Take, for example, the conditions which have arisen in New York and Mis- sour{ because of the wet and dry issue. In New York Democratic strength lies in New York City, which is wet. Up- State is strongly Republican and dry. The Republican nominee for the Sen- ate, Wadsworth, has espoused the wet cause and is hoping for wet Demo- cratic votes in New York City to off- set dry Republican disaffections up State. In Missouri Republican strength is largely centralized in wet St. Louis, and the Republicans are wet there. Up-State Missouri is Democratic and dry. The Democrats have nominated Harry Hawes for the Senate and he is running'as a wringing wet. He is hop- ing for Republican votes in wet St. Louis to offset Democratic losses in up-State Missourl. The pelitical situation, se far as the parties are after peace had heen declared, the viclous practices of corrupt Oriental regimes, under which even a just claim receives no attention until the proper palms have been greased, pre- vailed in the United States. Senator Borah is right in declaring that the whole allen property situation has been a bad mess, and that our Gov, ernment ought to clear it up at once.” The Sioux City Daily Tribune sug- gests that “charges in this particular case were so technical in nature that it was fairly easy for any juror to be come involved in mental confusion. would be true, in particular,” inues that paper, “of a juror nat- urally inclined to hesitate about vot- ing for the conviction of prominent persons. There are many such tem- peraments in the land, and some of them are possessed by citizens of good standing.” “Does the statute of limitations need revising?" asks the New York Svening Post, with the statement that the question is raised by the handi. cap which was placed upon the pros eccution in the Daugherty-Miller trial, Unable to bring into the indictment certain serfous char continues the Evenirg “solely because they w the lapse of tirze, 1 to make its fight re difficult — spiracy. FE ed the public. Some period in which suft 1 Is desirable, but in re in the belief that it gives ! undue advantaga to the defendant, tha | possible abuse of the principle behind the statute of limitations deserves nsideration. A fresh study might lead to changes in_the law whish would make it more difficult for viola- tors to escape the consequence of their misdeeds and yet would not facilitate the raking up of matters practically obsolete.” > o ok ok “Tha surprise is," according to thef t. Joseph s-Pres hat in such”} cases the 12 jurors so ofien agree Under the method proposed for Mis- sourt, there might not have ‘been a mistrial of the Daugherty-Miller case, as it allows for 2 dissenting votes out of 12. The unit rule as applied to our jurors does not add to the justice of the verdict. It merely raises a strong presumption there will be no verdict at ail” The Janesville Gazette, in the present case, draws the conclusion that “to the public the disagreement of the jury means only that juries hesitate to convict men charged with oon- spiracy in the absence of direct and clearly incriminating evidence.” “As for the way the case was han- dled by the Attorney General's office.” says the Berkshire Eagle, “it is the consensus that its action was vigor- ous and intelligent. As a member of the Coolidge cabinet, the prosect tor did his duty. The public will not fail to appreciate this phase of —_——— concerned, in one of these States is the direct antithesis of the political situation in the other. How is any one to make head or tall nationally out of such complicated politics? It can't be done, now at least. Nationally the country {s still strongly Republican, and if an elec- tion were to be held today, with President Coolldge as the candidate, { another Republican sweep would fol- | iow. The congressional contests this year, however, are almost altogether { family affairs—affairs of the individual States. While the Democrats doubt- less will see and claim a Democratie triumph it they should win control of | the Senate this Fall, it cannot be cor- rectly interpreted as a triumph for the national principles of government as- bed nationally te the Democratic the case—that the men accused were treated as if they were persons in the ordinary walks of life, without influential political connections.” The Lincoln State Journal, however, re- marking that “Harry Daugherty and his trial mate, former Allen Property Custodian Miller, express happiness at the outcome of their case,” fesis that “ordinarily, two accused men of such rank would feel no elation at finding, after a fuil hearing of their cause, that a substantial part of the jury belleved them gui. “If our Government has heen dis. graced,” concludes the Davton Dafly News, “if the moral sense has heen shocked by the snectacle of a cabinet officer being tried for a offense, the American public can ac cept its responsibility. So long as it considers business rather than ethics as a paramount thing, these things will occur.” penitentiary