Evening Star Newspaper, September 17, 1926, Page 6

6 INADEQUATE POLICE FORCES AID CRIMINAL Ratio to Population Is Far Below That in | Europe. } Protective Associations Havei Proved of Value in Curb- ; ing Crime. i BY LOUIS SEIBOI war between society and or- 4 crime is a war between two | ¥ determined armies | The conflic ill ultimately deter mine whether 1.500,000 criminals can | continue to flout and defy the knws of | the great Government of the United | States and its constituent In| other articles the iter has de ribed | the scopa c: of | criminal ag - of | the series deals with and counter-offensive e by | suclety against the crin The protection provid tants of the average 4 actually much less effective than is zoxarelly Sepposed. Iven with the ded strength of private protective | forces, the police organizations of the country are at a disadvantage on | every hand | London, with a population of 7 000, has one policeman for every persons. Rome has one for ever persons, Brussels one for ever Berlin one for every Vienna on for every 275, Paris one for every The City New York, h theoretically, one policeman 445 Inhabitants and practically one for every 1,338 people. Polic he protective taken my e inhabi- | | has, very | only Protection Limited. \ There are 14,15 members of New York ¢ty police fore The men are divided into three shifts of | n eight hours each. Substractions must | ¢ be made for men assigned to motor cyele, traffic detective and other spe- cial duty. ive hundred inhabitants of, this city have one policeman to protect them from crime, which is only 50 per cent the protection provided in Paris. Police protection in other American |y urban centers ranges generally lower than that provided in New York, ul- though in some cities it is larger. The ratios of residents per policeman in ®ome typical cases are: Los Angeles Philadelphia ton, 380 418; Chic ers, 45 Buffalo, 661; ter, o Detroit, 380;"Bos- Baltimere, Yonk- ! 607; Syracuse, 669; Roches- Jamestown, 1,808 7 Wide Variations. the platoola and othe . in operation in New York State en into consideration, the ef- to reduce the actual protection by about one-third. Practically, Yonk- | ers, Troy, New Rochelle and Albany average more than 1,500 persons per policeman, The average for Buffalo, S\‘rill‘llsr, Schenectady and Mount Vernon is 2,100 per policeman. Roch- | ester, Niagara Falls, Elmira, Utica, and Binghamton average one officer per 2,800 popul tion. Jamestown has only one officer for each 5,424 citizens. The distances covered by these offi- cers in patrolling their be 1l the way from .945 miles York City to miles town. The miles, alimny, Rochester, Fron. tiie to time large increases have been made in the police forces of the greal citles of New York and other States, but in general no metrop has kept pace with its own rapidly growing population. The cities ! 1y of New York are typical of, those of {u the country as a whols, and one of chief correctives suggested by criminologists, administrators and stu- s an adequate police system. D When tem: are o Efficiency at Issue. tion wf police efficiency 1 other which must he answered be the crime sfiuation can be satis- vily handled! The establishment ntral bureaq of identification of criminals will_do ‘much to ald police New York State is probably 276. | one of the leads mode; ampl, London. 3 mitted in London, 160 ar n New York. only one out of e the death penalty pre: efficient, police o uni will punit C York changes in the of his force. the eflicienc: these imp) Squad of 2 back on patrol duty. given by friend: “stunt parade and annual field day of the po-| lice. hotor equipped with new h States | best planned driv the about £120,000 on | vestigation of crime | 1924, the peak ed wi of « S IN AMERICA COMMISSIONER Mc¢LAUGHLIN. s in this country in ) pol How far ater city come from pe illustrated by the murder for New Yok and ¢ 10 murders com- committed Seven out of every ten wurderers are captured, tried and exe- uted in London, while in New York ery 160 ever pay: xecution figure The fame of Scotland Yard as uncorruptible and tireless agency has become classical. rime experts are of the opinion that til York is able to pu ° n th : fashion of r of the Paris police « continue to ope riminals ate with im- Changes by McLaughlin. Since the first of the vear Police ommissioner McLaughlin of New has. executed number of policy and operation Some of t 3 ccted to go far toward I of the ements ar n of the men, who b vice ve been put (1) Abolit of the - honborary jobs issioner Enright to his 1l of all “P.D." shields. promotion for valor in ation with the Federal ation Bureau. and limitation of ch as the -band, (2) Abolition Com nd re @) Rapid suppression of crime. @) Coope riminal 1dentifi i) Abolition activities s The vaudeville features of the ses reopened clerks put- to work patrolling ards provided for ang all. office] sh-power pistols. ($) Bulletproof cycle off Aiding vate Agencies Aid. the police of the Unite the States and local govern- ients are varlous private detective nd police organizations. ime at of the Ameri ors’ Asso ion, which since 1891 has operate protective department throv country the benefit 000 member banks Last year the associat of m protection and i In 1923 and the sum expend- ahbout $135,000. The amount ime committed against bank d rown steadily from 1914 until 1 One of the! is | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 17, 1926. POLICEWOMAN'S DEFENSE AIDED BY HER 14-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER | Since then it has slumped. according |to James E. Baum, manager of the | protective department of the associa- tion. Last yeay, for example, the amount of loss by forgeries totaled 75,000,000, whereas in 1924 it ran to $100,000,000. Holdups, burglaries and other crimes against banks have shown similar drops since 1924. Bank Holdups Decline. According to figures given the writer by Mr. Baum there were only 53 day- light bank robberies reported by mem- ber banks during the last fiscal year. The previous vear showed 86 atfacks of that type. Surglaries similarly dropped from 49 to 14. In the calen- dar year 1924 there were 165 holdups. 4. The high-water mark of burglary was reached in 1921, when 240 banks were entered. Since then bank bur- glary has been going out of fashion The criminal has become more dar ing. but He no longer spend Imost fmpregna- s his attack in ght, ast antomo- to whirl him to R ittempted safe- At bunks were reported last According to Mr. Baum's s ‘ the States York, Pennsyl s, Connecticut, 4 Virginia _suf- fered on small percentage of the bank robberies during the past five vears. es all have € | police forces " for the same periods show that there are 46 rob- heries in these States, and 473 in | Nlinols, Indiana, Missouri and Okla- homa. ' These four States have about the same number of banks as the six Eastern States named, but have no State polic State Police Lauded “New York does much from bank ci said. “We are better off than other States, and the State police deserve uch of the credit for this condition They co-overate with us readily. and when a local police officer cannot do the job, the State office e always on_hand.”’ Besides the American Bankers' Na- tional Association there are assceia- tions in each State. Mr. Baum places the combined expenditures of all ti associations at $500,000. To this sum must he added about $14,000,000 a vear spent on guards, messengers, \rmored car drivers and other special emplo; ; banks to cope with the crime sltuation. In addition. large sums are invested vaults, alarm systems, tear ga nd other protective machin used Ly banks. Armored_ca now employved in about #0 of the larger cities. New York has about 150 cars of this tvpe in daily use for the transportation of large sums of money. not su very, mes,” Mr. Baum ' | Protection Qutlays Increase. 1 - The exact effect of the crime wave on the expenditures of the American Bankers' Association is an indication of the costliness of crime to the whole community. In 1916 the asso- ciation spent about $85,000 for the | protection of its members. Last year it spent $120,000. The increase has Jeen almost exactly concomitant with the growth of crime. “The American Bankers' Association was the first business organization 10 cope with crime on a natlonal g Mr. Baum said. “The police could be 100 per cent efficient and yet they might fail to solve the crime problem. The police, even State police, st recognize u State line, while the | iminal does not. He roams over the | whole countr: Only such a | pt. S specializing in { bank crime-detecting at the service of 000 members, can handle the situation. We keep our members fully informed of the movements of the well known forgers, bank burglars and other criminals. We supply the latest information regarding protective method Aid Local Police. And if a crime occurs we are on the d the local police in track- the criminal. If he moves into another State, we are after him! The results speak for themselves. In | 1924 there were 1,500 violent crimes against banks. Last year there were only 1,000, We inv ted ired 504 ar and 308 { tions. According to Mr. Baun | of the attacks agains in Illinots, Oklahoma. Ka souri, California, Michigan, Te ! Indinna, which States include one-| third of the banks. Steps already | two-thirds EEEEEE RN RN RN N ENAREE Junior Likes their comfort! DIRON Shoes fo hovs. Style pietured o L tan | Scoteh grai - nt sole., browd toe collegiate A D_wide. Sizes £5.00. G* n ta ~HILDREN'S Play Cloran in patent sturdy /i ~ B ASMETEL Y Little Tots @ Wear Them ¢ to Protect Their Feet Child’s Chubby Atiire sha cxible LANCER Acrobat model SHYO'E Novelty School Boxes with every purchase S Misses charm of sty A HE Latest Southe T ies. “This "on ie Contrasting lizar b 5 styles 10 trimmed with band Very smart. e Sturdiness Reliablity Beaut, Economy e 310 xS U1 v and tan calf or paten leather. Nature shap mbination 188 t Goodyear. welt soles. 10 D wide. BB s -312 -WSIMM SALISFACTORY SERVICE | forcement, Find all the in tan calf or patent leath. i grox ..$5.00 IRLS' High Shoes, in ;a.o« 5 4.00 == been taken in these States to deal with the bank-crime problem. The old-time vigilante system . of frontier days has been reincarnated. In 1921 the Iowa Bankers’' Associa- tion adopted the vigilante system, organized armed posses of citizens, trained them and set out to crush the wholesale attacks on banks. The banks of Illinois were experiencing an increase of $6 a thousand on day- light hold-up insurance rates. The Jowa experiment saved this sum to the bankers of that State. Vigilante Plan Success. The success of the experiment led to its adoption in Ilinois, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Wis- consin and California, in all of which there are now vigilantes combatting the bank criminal. In 1920 there were 56 criminal attacks in Iowa. In 1924 there were 4 attacks. In 1920 the loss by hold-ups was $258,000. In 1924 it had dropped to $2,600. Combined with the vigilantes and the work of the association Is a Sys- fem of rewards desizned to discour- age criminals from bank attacks. In Cook County, which includes Chicago, the bankers have offered $1,000 re- ward for the arrest of a bank bandit If the bandit is brought in dead the reward is $5,000. The same reward is $5,000. The same reward is offered in other States in the Mississippi Val- ley. The Buffalo Clearing House As- sociation offers $10,000. Along with other business and legal representatives interviewed by the writer, Mr: Baum urged various re- forms of the legal system, all designed to tighten the law against the crim- inal and make escape from punish- ment less easy. The recommen tions of the new criminal laws passed by the last New York Legislature were supported by the association. Hotels Plan Protection. “Any permanent solution crime problem,” said Mr. Baum, Dends on a reform of the legal system. the removal of polities from the courts and the police forces, and per- haps the mental treatment of crim- inals. But if all business interests fol- lowed dur lead, immediate improve- ments could be effected. “The hotel owners are now con- templating & national protective movement similar to ours. If they, along with the national organiza- tions of whelesalers, retailers, jewel- ers, furriers, manufacturers and oth- ers, would do so we would soon drive the criminal into a corner and restore a normal condition in which the legal system could easily handle such un- avoidable crime ns might persist.” Statistics Needed. Dr. Frederick Hoffman, whose coniri- bution 10 (he crime symposium follurs, is the consulting siatistician of the Pru dential Life Insurance Co. He is @& Yecognized authority_on criminal statis- tics und crime condstions generally. “The most urgent present need is for the establishment of a system of Federal judicial statistics under the direction of the Director of the Cen- sus,” said Dr. Hoffman in discussing the crime situation with the writer. Dr. Hoffman has Deen collecting statistics on homicides, suicides and mes of violence for the past 14 years. The materfal he has gath- ered covers killings in this c try and Europe for as far ba as 1882. His analysis, published in an earlier article, showed that the homicide rate in_ this country last vear was 10 per 100,000 inhabitants, as opposed to 5.1 for 1900, an increase of almost 100 per cent. “The only way clearly to establish the true state of facts regarding crime,” said Dr. Hoffman, “is by an organized effort at gathering statis- tics. On different occasions I have presented international data to em- phasize the fact that the American nurder record is the worst amorig modern civilized nations. The first step in improving the situation is to find out what the situation really is. Detection More Difficult. vom such fragmentary informa- tion as is available it seems to admit of no question of doubt that hold-ups, burglaries and arson are all increas ing and becoming more daring in their effrontery, with every evidence of skillful organization. C(rimes are be- coming more subtle and in many cases detection 13 becoming more difficult. Homicides are frequently obscured in such a manner as to leave no alter native but to cl them as either accidents or suicides In discussing the matter of law en Dr. Hoffman suggested that “the overemphasis which has been placed upon law enforcement in prohibition has led to reduction of ef- ficiency in the enforcement of law the de- of Growing he Girls - \.} adore them! le! n Girls' Pumps— in_tan alligator Stunning and ex- fitting. AA to D GRoYIYe Step-in rd trimmed e cellent wide. 2348 Misses' " sizes GROTIXG, G ivl Strap Pumps, in t calfskin:_cut-out ' desig overlapping allizator o fect. Not only beauti- ful, but unueual. Same in patent leathor. AA to D wide. 2148 £5.00 T EREE nt pe u s ROWING G irls’ Collegiate * Oxfords. in over 30 styles. This one in tan calf, alligator irim effect. Square French last. 4 to D wide 2%-8 .$5.00 GROWING Girls Black Velvet Onestrap tepin. A to C wide. Very smart and fem- concerning crimes against the person and property. He suggested as one of the causes for the spread of crime the fact that America’s great wealth has led to a display of luxurles and extravagance which “tempt any who is on the bor- derland of right and wrong.” Along with other experts inter- viewed by the writer, Dr. Hoffman at- tacked the tendency of judges to give short and indeterminate sentences. He ofted as a glaring example of this shortcoming in the legal system the case of a prisoner in the jail of Ha lem County, Ky. This man stole 50 cents from a visitor to the jail and was sentenced to 10 years. At the same time a man was in jail serving 10 vears for murdering a woman. Situation Serious. “It_is_probably not going too far.” Dr. Hoffman said to the writer, “to say thut we have 100,000 murderers in the country, of whom many are the fathers and mothers of children who bear the suggestive influence ¢ criminal _experience on_their ¢ acter. The 12,000 people who killed every year represent not less than 60,000 persons more or less im- mediately affected by homicidat crimes. “The extended publicity many murder trials and the daily chronicle of murderous occurrences must necessarily ce its effect upon our national life and character. It is obviously the duty of the Federal and the several State governments to ta the present situation decidedly more serjously than is generally the case.” Dr. Hoffman suggested a‘number of other reforms which he considers nec- essary if the crime situation is to be cleared up. Reforms Are Suggested. The more important of these sug gestions follow: (1) Prompt enactment of drastic leg tslation prohibiting the possession of firearms and smmunition except when duly guthorize8 by a competent au- | thovity. ‘The British firearms act is an_admirable model. (2) Adoption of more effective strictions on the sale of poisons. (3) Coroners’ inquests should be re- placed by methods of medical exami- nations in suspiclous cases, and a complete autopsy should be performed in all cases. (4) Capital punishment should be abolished as not an effective deterrent in capital cases and a hindrance to a satisfactory judicial procedure. ®) It would be desirable to have more women on juries in serious criminal cases. (6) The insanity lowed only in cases where unqu able justification exists, and rele; criminal insane from asylums because of their “recovery” should be limited. (7) Police protection should be con- siderably increased, and as far as pos: sible every State should establish a State police. (8) The judiciary as well as the po- lice should be more adequately com- pensated for their service, while ten- ure in office should be made more se- cure. given to re plea should b (Copyrigh (Continued tomorrow.) S Y Held Up and Robbed. ROCKVILLE, Md., September 17.— James Riley of 4837 Wisconsin avenue reported to Washington police that he was held up at the point of a revolver by three men on the Jones Mill road near Bethesda last night and robbed of $52. Sheriff Plummer of Montgomery County is investi- gating today. The government of South is acti extending its railw: Africa chairs, SATURDAY complete Others Also Back Mrs. Louise F. Kelly in| Denial of Neglect The spectacle of a 14-year-old girl facing the judges of her mother's conduct from a witness chalr in the defense of Policewon e Kelly vesterday _afternoon formed police trial board se: n to a scene in which memories of those in ear-shot of the girl's voice traveled to the old davs of “home work and hool closing time” and the other things of child- hood. On the testimony of this girl and nine other witnesses, the police trial board later d th charges Bertrand Emer- for the defense, ue the case in cus Nowing the tes to speak for its appeared for had refused to ur; tomary manner, mony of witnesse: ‘ Five witnesses had the prosecution against Mrs. Kell supporting charges hrought by Lieut. | fina Van Winkle alleging that when Mrs. Kelly was supposed to be on | foot patrol duty on the night of June 1 last and on the night of June : st she was in an automobile with Are Dismissed. 8 of Duty—Charges dinner. She told of her desive to go to a motion picture show, She recited the difficulty she had in getting per mission, but of finally winning on the plea that “school stops in only two days” and that she “didn’t have any home work” for that night. She told of her walk with her mioth Eighteenth street and Columbia and of the mecting with Mrs Chairman W. H. Wahly of th board, alse went about the cr amination gently. He prot ed subtly He found Stephanie based her ren that particular night by with the fact that school June d was in the theate o'clock show. Asked Name of Show. “What was the name of the s she was asked Here the ter phanie smiled “Sweet Do The ¢ Stephanie slackened she replied amination thed a des ended audible a man not on police business. Mrs. Kelly Takes Stand. Kelly had been put on as the ttorue: ited he Mrs first witness by the defense Mr. Imerson. She had re | side of the case, telling of her move. ments on the two nights. She stated that on June 21 she left her home on Cathedral avenue with her da walking to Eighteenth strect and Columbia, road, wherc she met D: Jane B. Coates of 1630 Irving street, | who then accompanied her to Si teenth street and Columbia. road. Mr: Coates had testified that between 10 and 15 minutes after 8 o'clock on that night she had reached Sixteenth street and Columbia road with Mrs. Kell in rebuttal to the charge that at o'clock on that night the latter been seen in a big red roadster at the side of a mun. Fifty witnesses and spectators in the uffy room listening to the testimony. They stirred as the next witness was summoned. “Call Stephanie Kelly,” Mr. son_said. Chin up, shoulders squared like a oldier hing to baitle, eyes came Stephanie. A shirt swished over light- colored stockings. A dark blue suit coat offered a note of contrast in at- tire. Her hat was a_snug-itting li tle felt turban, off with a green- jeweled pin. Attorney Begins Gently. Stephanie sat down. Her big F eves took in the trial board. She! looked around once. Her lip quivered just a bit. She essayed a nervous Emile at her mothe little dimple on her left ¢ 5 Zasily and gently Attorney son launched her on testimony sup- porting her mother. Folks forgot about the case and thought of the wit- Emer- se hout to leav he had welcomed this | moment. Just then to wait mination or ex Attorney Emersor \ second for v 1 few points the first question well. On the | question. the thought that si { more of (his ordeal to face overd her. Big tears appeared. In auot second she had left the stand. The trial board returned to its usual pro- cedure. Mrs. Kelly, in her story of h ments on the night of June ever having been in the n that night, and gave account 6f the points where she stop- ped during her patrol of the streets. Several members of the police force verified this account. Her testimony W part also by John J Hyattsville, but or led the night of the 25th at | Sixth street southwest in connec cith the disappearance of his daugh- . who returned that night. The alibi went to the trial board without being broken by cross-exami- nation of any witness. It was diametrically opposed to the prosecu- tion theor Before final adjourn- ment of the trial board last ht dismissal of the charges was declded upon. ASKS BOARD CHANGES. had am - move: denied automobile detailed corrobo Anderson, now of Van Winkle Wants Prosecutor in Polict Trial C: ism of the constitution of the 1 board was made to the Commissioners today by Mrs. the women's bureau of the Police De- partment, following the lo f her case before the board yesterc against Mrs. Loulse Kelley, who was n tcphanie spoke in a tremulous | voice. She told of her mother being | at home on the night of June 21 to' compt:isin’g sideboard, server, china cabi- net, dlngng table, 5 side chairs, and one arm chair. 10 pieces complete GENUINE MAHOGANY SUITE—Sheraton Design with panels, beautiful crotch mahogany, comprising sideboard, server, china cabinet, dining table, 5 side and one arm chair. et el @ e e e ining table, 5 side chairs, and one arm chair. 10 pieces complete . . . vindicated of charges of neglect of duty and mak superior officers Lieut appeared be the wit- | ed in | whom Mrs. Kelly | S m Mina Van Winkle, director of | g false statements to | DENTAL LICENSES CAMPAIGN PUSHED |Board of Examiners Gets Conviction of Five for Not Properly Qualifying. the B the of F of paign lners * repo nt Vithout nierits of d carefully cor the £ with the the ho: exan sehool the cords purpose< red by ti egent that the exam wtently given & or he by and vie would ba cor 15 hoat action by t the : the The report showed that a the examinations nuar June dentists we iled and 4 dental deard Disir o ndng o 1he ng he 1 reputabi it ot 1 result the Con board etin three nu h fore weekly lowed register that @ prose sizned the board. sioners took her s visement Commissioner erward that and in ney to he Daugherty Le probably make a study of the presen hoard procedure to determine reforms are needed of Keila and Klo are requesting that Peaple thonia, missioners at their s was which Sug ind t to sted Comriis stion under ad ed if clect rains be run on the Tallin-Paldiskia Railroa ANTITOXT TITUT! 1515 U St. N.W. W. & J. SLOANE 709-711-713 TWELFTH ST., N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. “The House with the Green Shutters” 10 pieces o e e e cAlso From $10'00 up Charge Accounts Conveniently Arranged STORE OPEN FROM 9.00 A. M. to 5.00 P. M. DAILY UNTIL 12 NOON Our Summer Sale of HOME FURNISHING presents this week some very interesting examples of moderate priced Dining Room Furniture, from which we list three typical wvalues ining Room Furniture MAHOGANY AND WALNUT SUITE—English Design, $375:00 3 52500 WALNUT AND GUM DECORATED SUITE—French De- sxggl., comprising sideboard, server, china cabinet, $57 5.00 Collection of Hooked Rugs quaint, colorful and serviceable, in both Antique and Semi- Antique examples. These are ideal for Colonial and Early American interiors. FREIGHT PAID TQ ALL SHIPPING PCINTS IN THE UNITED STATES Sloane Endorsed Merchandise (arries eAn cAssurance of Satisfaction 1