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THE EVENING STAR With sun_dur »Miflllngflfldrl—t_l_nn. WASHINGTON, D. C THURSDAY......August 5, 1926 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company ofmoe Bu 11th St. and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East i2nd St. Chicago Office . Tower Buildipg European Office ‘ghd Rerent S1.. London, Eng The Evening Star. with the Sunday mom me edition. livered by o per month, Orders may be sont b telephone Main 5000, Collection 18 er at the end of each mouth. Rate by Mall—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Paily and Sunday....1yr. 8000 1m Iy only .... 1yr.$600 1 m 8unday only 13¢.$3.00: 1 m All Other States and Canada. aily and Sunday 1 yr.$1200: 1 mo.. 81 aily only ... .1y 88001 me. unday only ... 1 $4.00; 1mo., Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press 1s exclusivaly entit 10 the uge for renablication of all news di atches credited to it or not otherwiss cred- ted in this paper and also the local news published herein. Al rights of publication ©f special dispatches herein are also reserved o0 35e The Citizen's Voice. Commissioner Dougherty, *“inaugural address” yesterd: at the District Building on the occasion of taking the oath of office, stressed the desirability of the participation in lo- cal government by the citizens of the Capital, through memvership in the volunteer organizations. With nearly half a hundred local and neighbor- hood associations, with a Federation of Citizens' Associations, with the Board of de and the Chamber of Commerce and the Merchants and Manufacturers’ Association and with the Citizens' Advisory Council all available for active work by the peo- ple, there is here, despite the disfran- chisement of Washington, opportu- nity for a practical discussion by the Ppeople of local affairs, and to an in- creasing degree opportunity for ac- tual participation in administr tion. The new .Commissioner has him- self throughout his local residence in his T than that which was evoked. Much was forgiven on the score of his un- usual personality, which he seems to have inherited from his late father, Randolph Churchill, along with the political abilities of that eccentric scion of the British ndbility. Secretary Mellon has maintained a dignified silence in the face of the aspersion cast upon the honesty of his speech yesterday Sir Austen exchequer. It is to be noted that in his statement yesterday Sir Austen Chamberlain did not enter into a dis- cussion of the statement itself, but confined himself to a fresh pronounce- ment of the British policy of discharg- ing the obligation entailed in the Anglo-American debt agreement. And furthermore it is to be noted that after filing a renewed caveat against the agreement as not the best that might have been effected, or the policy upon which it was'based as not the wisest possible, hie referred to the tradition of Great Britain to preserve the “most | friendly relations with the United | States.” One means of maintaining that tradition will be to put the voice of the chancellor of te exchequer in escrow on the sul of the debt agreement for the remainder of his ministry. - Lee Boulevard Indorsed. Now that the Arlington County Civic Federation has formally in- dorsed the so-called “southern’ route for the proposed Leo boulevard, it is to be hoped that there soon will be an end to the controversy over the loca- tion of that important highway. Al- ready the atmosphere had been con- siderably cleared by disclosure of the fact that the boulevard was routed in strict accord with the advice of Army engineering officers attached to the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, refuting the charge that the route was selected to serve the purposes of speculators in real estate. Whether there has been “unethical” speculation in real estate following lo- cation of the route remains to be proved or disproved, but that, after all, is a secondary matter and does been active in his membership in vari- ous organizations aiming at the bet- terment of Washington. He has risen from the ranks, so to speak, and 1s today in his present position largely because of his industrious work as a member of these volunteer and dele- ®ate associations. He speaks, there- fore, with authority in yecommend- ing to his fellow Washingtonians a larger measure of personal participa- tion in the advisory discussion of mu- nicipal matters by the people. The various citizens’ assoclations of the Capital have done a great deal to arouse the civic spirit of the people of the District. They have afforded opportunities for the study of local problems and for the expression of the views of the people as a guide to the actions of the Commissioners and Congress. To the extent that the sec- tions covered by these organigations have been represented in active mem- _bership they have proved to be force- ful factors in securing betterments for particular neighborhoods and for the whole District. In some of them affairs are conducted by a few per- sons. In other broader membership has brought about truly representative active participation. It is not enough for the citizen who Joins one of these organizations mere- 1y to pay his dues and let others do the work. In a well constituted asso. clation the actual study of various questions is conducted by committees, and membership upon those commit- tees should be, and in some cases is, zealous and effective. Laxness in at- tendance at meetings is not helpful. It is the member who attends regu- larly and who does his share in the committee work who actually aids in the development and the regulation of municipal affairs. So Commissioner Dougherty speaks Wwith authority in his urging of all Washingtonians to take their places In the ranks of these organizations and to do their share of the work that I8 performed by them. His salutatory words may likewise be taken as an assurance that in the new adminis- tration of the Distriat constituted by | his advent the volcs of the people as expressed by their associations of large and small membership will be heeded. It is up to the people of the District to make that voice the more authoritative by a larger and a more direct and persistent participation in the work of these organizations. - Wets and drys have become so dis- tributed among Republicans and Democrats that a new phrty align- ment may be necessary to make clear the really important difference in po- ltical sentiment. ——ons Sir Austen Speaks for “Winnie.” Yesterday the British Parliament adjourned, the final session being tame and uneventful in comparison with many others that have been held during recent months. The members were too tired of almost continual rowing to engage In parting shots and voted in a spirit almost of amity to quit without date. But just before the gavel fell in the House of Com- mons a question by a member evoked & renewal of the discussion of the British debt to the United States, which recently climaxed in a thun- derous outburst gf leonine roarings, with Winston Churchill, the chancel- lor of the exchequer, as the chief vo- cal organ. Sir Austen Chamberlain, foreign secretary, in reply to a query, justified the.chancellor’s challenge of Secretary Mellon's statement regard- ing the debt and declared that Mr. Mellon’s analysis of the obligation wholly or largely misrepresented the situation. - It may be significant that the for- elgn secretary undertook to reply on behalf of the chancellor of thé ex- chequer. He is a more suave and dis- ereet speaker than the fiscal chief of the ministry. Chancellor Churchill, ‘whose mother was an American, has never been -particularly happy in his not affect the merits of the boulevard undertaking. Whatever of misunderstanding yet remains might well be removed if Gov. Byrd or the Virginia State High- way Commission would conduct an inquiry into the methods by which right of way for_ the boulevard was obtained. Such an inquiry has been requested by one of the Arlington County civic bodies, and officials of the Lee Highway Association are on record as courting a thorough investi- gation. The disinclination of any one to file specific charges of wrong-doing ought not to stand in the way of an inquiry which should ser®® to dis- sipate whatever of suspicion remains and line up aH elements of the com- munity in support of the boulevard enterprise. There has been some opposition to the boulevard plan on the ground that the program was too elaborate to be possible of realization. It is probably true that the plan in: its entirety can- not be casried out in the near future, but there is no reason why, with united backing, an early start cannot be made and at least an eighteen-foot pavement bullt by the time the new Memorial Bridge is ready for traffic. It is highly desirable that there should be early action by the Virginia au- thorities officially establishing the route of the boulevard which is to connect Lee Highway with the new bridge. This would end the contro- versy once for all and would enable all interested parties to work both for the main project and for such secon- dary roads as may be necessary to serve the rapidly growing com- munities in nearby Virginia. Arling- ton and Fairfax counties undoubtedly have ahead of them an era of remark able development, the fullest possibil- ities of which can be realized only by united and harmonious effort. ] All the Itallan working man needs to do in order to have absolitely his own way in the matter is to take the tip of the Fascisti and insist on work- ing at least nine hours a day. R ] Opinions in Congress differ as to whether the impeach crop can in any degree be regarded as a fallure. o eee—s Mendicant and/Grafter. The other day a man was arrested in New York on a charge of begging. When taken to a station house and searched an oilcloth ‘bag was found sewed into his clothing in which was the sum of $12,385 in bills. He was remanded for hearing and the money was turned over to the patrolman who arrested him, to be delivered to the property clerk at headquarters. Later the property clerk reperted that when he got the money $1,000 was missing. So the polideman was him- self arrested and questioned as to his movements at the time of the seizure of the cash. He stated that he had stopped at a certain place to see a friend. So the escort went there with him. When they entered the patrol- man asked a man behind a counter which looked enough like an old-fa: ioned bar to justity a later rald— which proved the place to be a speak- easy—for a fountain pen he had left with him previously. The pen was produced, but before its owner could take ‘it one of the ‘neadquarters men seized it and, unscrewing the cap, found Within it dwo $500 bills. The “cop” then admitted that he had taken a commission out of the seiz- ure. He faces now a sertes of serious charges. - Here are two interesting departures from the mormal, a wealthy beggar and a grafting policeman, There have been cases of both kinds in the past. Mendicants with pitiful pleas for a penny or two to sustain a bare existence have been found to be affiu- ent accumulators of the unconsid- ered coins of a generous and careless public. And guardians of the law, sworn to respect the rights of all, rich and poor, lowly and exalted alike, have been found taking their per- centages In rake-offs from crime and comments on American affairs. He was especially ushappy in his recent outburst. Had his peculiar tempera- ment not been pretty well understood vice and even from legitimate busi- s. But it may be questioned whether two such instances have ever coincided in the same case. THE EVENING will probably be discharged, as he has proof of employment. At worst he can get only & light punishment. The grafting policeman, however, stands not only to lose his job, but to do & “stretch.” The mendicant, - indeed, might properly be let off altogether for having been the innocent cause of the disclosure of a crooked “cop” on the foree. el e Coolidge and Prosperity. The three years since President Coollidge entered the White House have constituted an era of almost unprecedented prosperity in the United States or any other country. The rebound of the country follow- ing the post-war depression has been the more remarkable because of that depression. The Coolidge administration may view with satisfaction the progress which has been made in the country, quietly and without any blare of trumpets. President Coolidge him- self attributes this progress rather to the sagacity and common sense of all the people and particularly of those engaged in commerce and industry. No government, the President holds, can guarantee prosperity. Its func- tion is to create conditions under which the country will thrive if it adheres to sound business practices that avoid wild speculation, over- production and vast debt President Coolidge and his ad- ministration aides may properly take to themselves credit for aiding in bringing about a situation in this country conducive to prosperity. Twice during his term of office taxes have been cut. The public debt has been reduced. There has been a steadying effect throughout the country due to the example of economy set by the Chief Executive. The Government has successfully re- funded nearly all of the war debts owed to this country by European nations. Immigration has been prop- erly checked to the advantage of American labor. No flood of cheap products from abroad has been per- mitted to harm American industry. During this prosperous era com- modity prices have been kept down, although they have advanced bevond the prices of the deflation period. At the same time there has been no decrease in wages, but the tendency has been to maintain high-wage levels. The railroads of the country are doing the largest volume of business in history, and this alone would in- dicate the great prosperity of the Nation, Prosperity is dependent upon con- fidence. The American people have had confidence in President Coolidge and his administration. His appeal has been always to their common sense, to the more rugged side of life which demands economy, thrift, right living. -, The old alchemists undertook strange experiments. None of them was as formidable as those undertaken in modern laboratories where efforts are made to re-nature denatured al- cohol. ] The slogan “My Policies” origi- nated in America. Mussolini has adopted it in principle if not in exact phraseology. . The idea of taxing American vis- itors is the most direct method yet invented for “making the foreigner pay the tax.” .o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Vacation. Off on a vacation In some lonely placel Need the recreation From' the busy pace. Shadows soft and cooling Through the shadows stray. Peace at last is ruling. Charming is her sway. Telephone is ringing A long-distance call. Phonograph 1s singing Yonder in the hall. Visitors erratic Through the gates have filed. Radio's full of static. Motor horns go wild. In an hour of dreaming— Ere the hammock fell— Joy came gently gleaming. All the world seemed well. Fancy was disclosing Freedom from all care. I was back home dozing In my office_chair. Reform Demanded. “Do you object to the use of money in poljtics?” “I do,” answered Senator Sorghum. “The sums required have become so large we've simply got to have some kind of a gentlemen’'s agreement to provide for economy.” What Will the Finish Be? Her costumes have set A style that grows less, A freckle may vet Be considered full dress. Obscure Amiability. “Do you think it wise for a tennis player to be so temperamental?” “Certalnly,” answered Miss Cay- enne. “A lovely disposition never made anybody famous.” Jud Tunkins says there’s no use of politicians being photographed so much. Nobody ever yet voted for a man simply because he was good- lookin’. Patience. For radio they yet will win Beyond a shade of doubt Some way to bring the money in And keep the static out. Ruling the Masses. “What's the matter with that pa- tient?” Inquired the visitor. “He has delusions' of grandeur,” answered the psychiatrist, “Does he think he is Julius Caesa or somebody like that?” . “No. He imagines he is a traffic cop.” “Bootleg licker is liable to leave you - unconsclous foh hours,” said Unele Eben, “an’ maybe, “fi) STAR. WASHINGTON, D. 0., D THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Eat potatoes. Smoke tobacco. Have belladonna put in your eye. Look at the free-flowering petunia. Then realize that all these dissim- l]uxflnppurlr‘!g articles are the prod- ucts of one great natural family of plants, the Solanaceae, commonly called the nightshade family. Perhaps there is no more startling grouping in nature than this. 1t gives one a pause when he first realizes that the tasty potato, the deadly nightshade and the beautiful petunia are close relations. The order Solanaceae comprises some 75 genera, containing about 1,800 species. The family character- istics hold good in all of them, notably a ong scent, and often narcotic properties, and especlally leaf arrange- ment, etc. The principal genera are Solanum, Capsicum, Hyoscyanus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Physalis, Pe- tunia and Atropa. The petunia, for instance, the best of all plants for the Summer window box, is a South American genus of plants of the great order Solanaceae and is very nearly allied to tobacco. It 1s named from the Brazilian petun and vlrglsnl first introduced into England in The development of thid simple flower since that time has been enor- mous, it today being one of the most popular annuals (so grown in most countries) in the world on account of its “sure fire” properiies, ease of culture and incessant blooming, % Take our old friend Solanum tube rosum, commonly known as the Irish potato. You see the family cropping out in that name “Solanum,” which is given to the common or black nightshade, Solanum nigrum, whose berries contain the alkaloid solanine, also found in the shoots of the potato. The proportion is very small in the latter, however. The so-called “deadly nightshade,” belladonna, is a member of an allled genus, the Atropa. The official name is straight Italian, literally meaning “beautiful lady” or “fine lady.” Thus we see that those who first gave Latin names to plants and poetical souls, af- ter all, although sometimes one feels as if they rather overdid the thing. Belladonna 18 a European solana- ceous plant. (See how we get back to the broad, general family name, Solanaceae.) The toxic property of this plant is atropine. R Perhaps this brief delving into the mysteries of plant relationships will give us a new respect for the familiar petunia Sometimes the gardener tends to slight the common plants. “Fa- miliarity breeds contempt’ sometimes, ?llhough it never should, in garden- ng. The garden has its snobbery, too, as all other walks of life in which men engage have their particular snobbery. Taking up gardening, one generally goes through some such cycle as this: 1. He plants the old, famliliar plants. 2. He “goes in" for ‘‘new" plants. He _goes back to the old ones. 3. When he returns he finds that there is no better every-day flower than the petunia. Where, in all the flower garden, is there a plant that produces so many blooms? What plant looks so fresh with so little attention? Is there another plant that equals it for bed- ding purposes, or for the window box? There is perhaps no gardener who has ngt wished, now and then, that all his flowers were continuous bloomers. His roses bloom for a night and a d in a sense, and then rest to make new growth. His stately gladioll throw wonder- ful spikes of glorfous flowers, which are at their best the second, third and fourth days. The remainder of the 10 to 14 days the spikes show bare stalks below the remaining flowers. The big hiblscus blossoms fade in the afternoon heat. The altheas close up, and the zinnlas hecome faded looking. The hollyhocks be- come rusted, and the first rain and wind bowls them over. There is nothing worse in a garden than a row of them past their prime. The petunia alone (unless it be the simple marigold) blooms day after day, week after week, month after month, replacing its faded flowers with such profusion that each morn- ing shows increasing beauty. After the procession of flowers has been under way for some weeks, many of the plants “lop,” drooping over the sides of the box, thus add- ing a new charm. This latter trait, however, can be abused, so that to get the best results from a window box of petunias it is necessary to stake up some of the more droopy plants, allowing only a certain num- ber to “lop” to their heart's con- tent, e T It is not generally known that tunias constitute the most expensive flower for seedmen to raise, owing to the extreme care which must be taken to keep the different varieties sepa. rate. Hand pollenization is necessary. Even then every seed will not come true, but should, in the main. If you have purchased “Balcony Rose,” for instance, and find that you have every color in the world, with a majority of purple tones, know that the seed man did not put the time, money and work on his seed that he should. During recent years a breed of “Ruffled Monster”” petunias has come on the market, being first bred in California, and sometimes called “Glants of California.” This is a beau- tiful flower, making a gorgeous win dow box. “Rosy Morn" is a dependable va- riety, the seed selling cheap, and the plants to be purciased in the Spring and early Summer at Center Market. Either will give fine resuits. The “Garden Guide” has the follow- ing to say of this plant: “This most pleasing annual may be fittingly described as everybody's flower. 1t succeeds everywhere, even under un- favorable conditions, and no garden, however small, is complete without it. Given a sunny location, it can always be depended upon to furnish blooms in abundance from early Summer until late Autumn. “It grows 12 to 18 inches in height, produces single or double flowers of many exquisite shades and colorings, and makes a grand show in beds, borders, window boxes or vases. * ¢ * The weaker seedlings should not be thrown out, as they often bear the finest double flowers. In shelter- ed positions the petunia will some- times seed itself and come up the following season.” This is often true of window boxes. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS The American colonies revolted from British rule on the ground that they were oppgessed by “taxation with- out representation.” Now the Fili pinos cry out because they have “representation without taxation!” That is the concrete summing up of the situation made by Newton W. Gil- bert, former acting governor general of the Philippines, in the debate at the International Imstitute of Poli- tics at Willlamstown, Mass. It “is an axiom that men are prone to value anything, not by the meas- ure of its usefulness or benefits, but by what it costs them. Connection with the United States, according to the notable speakers in the debate, gives the Filipinos safety against aggression by exploiting nations bent upon expanding their own possessions for the advantage of their own over- crowded population. It gives the Fili- pinos the advantage of the guidance of the highest civilization the world has ever known; it gives them the benefit of invested capital from the richest nation in the world’s histor whereby agriculture may be develo) ed and varied industries introduced, glving profitable employment to all available labor, and giving education and culture to semisavages; it gives them free access with their products to America, the greatest market in the world; it gives them a part in the leadership of civilization in obvious ways, 100 numerous to ouMine. * oK KK All these advhntages are set forth in the institute's debate, and over against them is the one great hob- goblin—that it does not cost the Fili- pinos one cent, but in addition to its freedom, the Filipinos are permitted to legislate as to local affairs, by their own Congress, and to have represen- tation in the American Congress, where their voice has tangible influ- ence in expressing their own views on any proposed legislation affecting them. That humiliating fact that Filipino liberty and safety cost them nothing is what hurt’s’; “Representation without taxation For shame! How can a self-respect- ing people stand up under such dis- race? & EE ‘he American colonists, with taxa- thI- sans. representation, disguised themselves as Indfans and threw Qh; taxed tea overboard to the fishes of Boston harbor. Should not independ- ent Filipinos show their upunk:‘than- fore, when they are given ‘‘repre- wentation without taxation, by hav- ing a Manila fling at which they couhld throw their representatives to the o rted that many Gov. Gilbert ai Filipinos advocated ndependence, but ved that they would not get it. Bimilar charges have been heard at times concerning even American statesmen in Congress, regarding other acts of Government. ~When have statesmen invariably = Deen known to “vote as they shoot”? * Kk x>k There followed Charles C. Batch- elder, former undersecretary of the interior of the Philippines, who re- called the famous preamble of the Jones act which promised - freedom and independence to the Philippines at some undetermined-date when the people were found fit for such ha!“ll- caps. But, said the speaker, no Con- gress had power to commit a future generation to anything. That pre- amble, he claimed, was written by President Woodrow Wilson and had no more binding effect than President Wilson's pledge at Versailles that we would join the League of Nations. Every lawyer knows that a promise given without consideration is void, if the promiser sees fit to change his mind. New conditions, argued Mr. Batchelder, consistingsof commercial development and international com: plications, fully justify a reconsidera- tion of all x:nmlug thus made with- out legal for 3 And then Rear Admiral Willlam Rodgers clinched the Batchelder argu- ment by asserting: A bad promise is better broken than kept," BY PAUL V. . COLLINS. After all this 100 per cent Amer- ican talk, Mr. Batchelder continued with a plan to make the Philippine Islands a commonwealth, connected with the United States like Canada is within the British Empire. He argued that in case the United States ever joined the League of Na- tions the commonwealth the Philip- pines would have the same status in the league assembly as has Canada or Australia—or, he “might have added, as would continental United States. It would have one vote in the assembly, which would blanket our own one vote. When a question of the Orient versus the Occident arose then our voice would be neutralized by that of the Filipinos. Many people of the Philippine Islands are Mohammedans and Buddhists and heathen, while others are adherents of the Spanish Catholic Church. Some are still head-hunters. They are dictated to by a few politiclans who are not head-huntérs, but are said to be place-hunters, eager to displace American officials occupy- ing coveted positions of power and influence. * ok ko Representative J. M. Wainwright, former Assistant Secretary of ‘War, argued .that “eventually some form of dominion status” might be grant- ed, but he belleved that independence would be a misfortune and could easily be a disaster to the Filipinos. Desertion by the United States would lead to wars In the Far East. L 8 In conference this week with President _Coolidge, Mr. Harvey S. Firestone, jr., declared that, after spending several months in the Philippine Islands, studying the pos- sibilities of production of rubber, he was convinced that if the land laws are changed so as to permit exten- sive holdings of territory under one management, there is an opportunity there for producing, on 10 per cent of the available land, all the rubber needed in the United States. ““At the present time,” said Mr. Firestone, “Great Britain controls 77 per cent of the world's rubber produec- THURSDAY, AUGUST 5, | | ment. i 1926. Child Health Steps to Improve Conditions in Distriet of Columbia Schools. Health conditions among children in the public schools of the District of Columbfa are regarded as so alarm ing that the Health Department and Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teacher Assoclations are taking steps to improve them. Investigations disclosed that a ma jority of the children entering the first grade schools were physically defec- tive. In fact, in the first grades dur- ing the past school vear more than 91 per cent of the children were found to be suffering from one or more de- fects. Those who were found to be physically pesfect were less than 9 per cent. This condition prevails in the District of Columbia, but in every State of the Union. This is not only brought out through an investigation made by the Children’s Bureau of the Department of Labor. It has developed that of the 22,000,000 children attend ing school last year 19,000,000 were physically defective. * K K K The disclosures in the District of Columbia came to light through an in- vestigation by Dr. Hugh Davis, head of the Health Department, Bureau of Child Hyglene, and a-committee of the Congress of Mothers and Parent- Teacher Associations, known as the pre-school committee, which Is_head ed by Mrs. W. Lady of 514 B street northeast. District school officials received re- ports from the Bureau of Ghild Hy- giene, while the committee headed by reported to the Congress d Parent-Teather Ass ciations. At each of the meetings the latter organizations, during the last few months of the school term addresses were made calling atten tion to this alarming condition. There are 62 organizations con- nected with the Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations. and nearly every one is represented on this preschool committee. These members, in turn, have members in their various bodies working in their neighborhood calling the attention of parents to- the. necessity of having their children who are about to enter school next September examined by their own physician or by a member of the staff of the Health Depart- * Xk x Dr. Frank W. Ballou, superintend- ent of the public schools, has taken considerable interest in the matter. He recently issued a letter to parents of children about to enter school and also for those who are now in school to have them examined. The pre-school committee, in co-op; eratfon with Dr. Davis, has arranged for children who will enter school next September to be examined at any one of the six health centers in the District. They are located at 900 Maryland avenue northeast, 925 Twen- ty-second street, 330 C street, 430 K street southeast, 730 Twelfth street southeast and at the Children's Hos- pital. Arrangements can be made for examinations through Mrs. Lady. She makes the engagement for the parent to take the child to the center on a certain date. Already a number of such examinations have been made this Summer. Examinations of the children dis- closed that the principal defects are adenoids and diseased tonsils. Many of the children, however, were found to be suffering from bad teeth, defec- tive evesight, malnutrition and in some cases their hearing was found to be impaired. Mrs. Lady believes that through the work of the Health Department and the pre-school committee, which she heads, the children in the District schools will soon rank above those of other cities regarding their physical condition. e Of the 19,000,000 physically defec- tive children in the public hools of the Nation the Children’s Bureau of the Department of Labor believes a great majority can be cured, as it is estimated that 15,000,000 are suffering from preventable diseases. The de- fects of these children most numer- ously present develop between the ages of 2 and 6 vears, it has been disclosed. It is during this vital period of growth that the ‘‘runabout” child should receive watchful care and also be taught properly to lake care of ‘himself. The difficuities and dangers of baby- hood are generally admitted, said Miss ‘Winifred Mallon of the Children’s Bu- reau, Department of Labor, but after a child more or less safely reaches the age of 2, or 3, the family is likely to take the attitude that as long as he looks and acts much as other children of his age everything is all right with him and no further special care or attention is required. Rt i “‘He has been brought through baby- hood. mother’'s time is likely to be absorbed with a new baby, and lit- tle first-born drifts along somehow until he reaches school, and a physi- cal examination which reveals so many defects that mother js indig- nant, and thinks and says that it is all nonsense—these ideas!” said Miss Mallon. “Not only should the ‘runabout’ child be watchfully cared for during this vital period of growth, but he should be taught during these im- pressionable years, when lifetime hab- its are formed, properly to take care of himself. No little child is interest- ed in health, but he is interested in what happens to him, and he is more interested than he ever will be again in everything he sees father and mother do. Memory is strong during these years, and the imitative faculty acute, often to the point of embarrass- ment to those about him. The daily bath, the brushing of the teeth, care of the ears and eyes and.hair and hands, in short, the preference for tion, while the United States produces | cleanliness of person, must be instill- only 2 per cent. It takes five years to grow a producing rubber plant, and I estimate that in 15 years sufficient area could be planted to break down the British control.” He stated that the island of Min- danao has 25,000,000 acres of fertile rubber land. The law now limits holdings of land under one management to 2,500 acres, ‘The rubber interests want the privi- lege of developing 500,000 acres on & lease of 75 years. / The Firestone interests have now in process of development in Liberia, Africa, 10,000 acres of rubber, and they employ 5,000 natives in the culti- vation. Under American control against imposition of native workers —to guard against conditions of peon- age—the rubber industry in the Phil- ippines would revolutionize the coun: try and give steady wages to all pos- sible labor. But capital will not in- vest without expansive plans, both as to acreage and time. ERE O In the light of what Mr. Firestone reports as to the future possibilities, the words of Norbent Lyons at the Institute of Poltics .are especially interesting. Mr. Lyons is secretary of the United States mission of the American Chamber of Commerce at Manila. He said in the debate: “Development of our foreign trade s an imperative economic. necessity In this country. Shall we deliberdtely’ hamper it~ by serfously abzndoning our Philippine position of vantage in this most 1mportant competitive for- eign trade area in the world? And what for? To please the vanity and gratify the ambitions of a handful of politicians?" professional Filipino pol £ ed during childhood. Hygienic stand- ards may be attained during maturity, but they will not be habits, and nei- ther will they be the prevention that is better than cure of many ills. “In all matters of health, the indi- vidual child’s reaction to conditions is the only safe guide, not that of a neighb child, or even of a near relation. « “Every child should bercarefully ex- amined—stripped of clothing and ‘thoroughly gone over by a compe- tent physician—four times during its second year, three times in its third year, and at least twice a year at the ages of 4, 5 and 6, in order to cut down the very high percentage of pre- ventable defects revealed by the school examinations at 6, and which in- creases from 8 to 10 years. “‘After 10 years, owing to the cor rection- of defects in school, the per- centage decreases. But, ‘an ounce of preyention is worth a pound of cure,’ and\ knowledge of a little child's con- dition and development must be kept up to date if he is to have his chance at sound health.” An Expert. From the Buffalo Evening News. 1f King Boris of Bulgaria is really looking for a wife the, Prince of ‘Wales ought to be able to supply him with a good eligible list. Gong'resb sional Prog:'am. ¥rom the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Congress will get to work bright and early next December so that the last Inv can_be promptly in- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. What per cent of watermelon and cantaloupe is sugar?—R. A. . The carhohydrate content of watermelon s 6 ntaloupe, 9.3. Q. On an_inyoice is the phrase 29,/10 days E. O. M. What does E. 0. M. mean?—D. E. J. A. Tt means “End of month.” Q. Is the bobwhite the same as the quall?>—N. A. M. A. Bobwhite is a local term for any quail of the genus Colinus, oi which the best known species, Colinus Vir ginlanus, ranges over the eastern and central United States northward to the southern parts of New England and Minnesota. Q. What is meant by gauge speaking of shotguns?’—G. S A. The gauge is the measurement of the diameter of the bore of the gun. Q. A. The Ile de France is not an offl- cial decoration. The inscription is on the guidon, carried at the head of a troop of cavalry indicating that troop had service in that province in France. Q. What is fruit?—S. A. C. A. Dried fruit is the clean, sound product. resulting -from the evapora- tion of the greater portion of the water from properly prepared fresh fruit. The term “sun-dried” is com monly used to designate the product dried without the use of artificlal heat. The terms “evaporated” and “dehydrated” are commonly used to designate the product dried by the use of artificial heat in What is the Ile de France?—J. A P meant by sun-dried Q. How many of the people in Okla- homa are Indians’—F. A. F i Oklahoma has & population 'of 38,536 of which 119,255 are descend ants of Choctaws, Chickasaws and Seminoles. Q. Who built the first suspension bridges with chain cables in this country? y A. James Finley of Fayette County Pa.. erected chain te bridges as early as 179 his improvements in 1 suspension He patented )8, and two rears later there were eight of these | bridges in Americ Q. How long did it take Ennis to walk from coast to coast M. A. John Ennis started with a plunge in the surf at Coney Island, N. Y., Monday, May 23,-and arrived at the Cliff Hotel, San Francisco, August 24, 1910, and took a plunge in the sur He walked the distance in 80 days and 5 hours, covering 4,000 mile | hand, L. V | | | days. Ennis, like Weston, did walk on Sundays not Q. Please explain the Guido scale.-—~ M. . The Guido scale is a tabulation of the tones of the gamut on the left which was formerly used in teaching solmization. It is attributed to Guido d'Arezzo. Each note of the scale was assigned to a joint of the hand, to which the singing master pointed. Q. How wide is Manhattan Island? —E.J A. It is from one-half to two and one-quarter miles wide. Q. Which is more important to the growth of trees, good soil or good climate?—A. M. A. An authority on trees says that a favorable soil goes much further in overcoming an unfavorable climate than a favorable climate does toward overcoming an unfavorable soil. Q. How is petroleum formed?—G. AH. A. The Geological Survey says the organic theory of the origin of petre- leurn is most generally accepted. Crude petroleum of paraffin base s believed to be formed of vegetable debris and petroleum of asphaltic base is belleved to be formed of or- ganic matter containing a large pro- portion of animal matter. Substan tially the same products are obtained from petroleum of either base ex | cept asphalt, which is obtained from asphaltic petroleum only, and paraffin wax, which is obtained from paraf- finaceous petroleum. Paraffinaceous |.petroleum contains a larger propor- tion of kerosene, gasoline and other high gravity products than asphaltic | petroleum. Q. Was the percentage of increase in population in the United States greater between 1900 and 1910 or be- tween 1910 and 19207—L. L. A. It was greater in the first decade of this century, when the population increased 21 per cent. Between 1910 and, 1920 it increased 14.9 per cent. You want to k something. You wish to _be positive before yow go ahead. Well, The Evening Star will tell you what you want to know end | givre you assurance before you pro- | ceed. ” Our Washington Bureaw |ansicer any question of fact propoun ed to it. Here is the university of formation—a great free educatio institution established solely to serve you. Send in your question and get the right answer. Inclose 2 cents in stamps to c the return posta Address The Evening Star Informat Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Directory beating E. P. Weston's time by Washington, D. C. Iowa G. O. P. Jeered and Praised For Welcoming Did the regulars bag Brookhart or was Brookhart bagged by the regu- lars when the Iowa Republicans in convention restored the erstwhile in- surgent Senator to good party stand- ing and at the same time indorsed the Coolidge administration? Many ob- servers agreed with the view of the Springfield Republican (independent) that it is difficult to determine who did the bagging. Anyhow, says the § Paul Pioneer Press (independent Re- publican): “As harmony conventions go It was a great success. Candidate Smith W. Brookhart, who was thrown to the wolves not longer than two years ago, only to come back with the wolf in- side, was welcomed to the fold. Count one for harmony. But at the same time there was a bouquet of flowers for President Coolidge. Count two for harmony. On the other hand it was felt that fire and sulphur would be a proper diet for Messrs. Hoover, Jardine and Mellon. Count three for harmony. Nevertheless, the adminis- tration was considered a pretty good fellow. Count four for harmony. Not- withstanding aill this, however, the failure of farm relief was a very great crime. Count five for harmony. Mr. Brookhart himself was anxious for harmony, but it would be a great mis- take to forget that it has been the party and not Mr. Brookhart that has changed.” An indorsement of the primary sys- tem is seen by the Des Moines Trib- une in the result. “Towa,” says the Tribune, “was one of the first States to accept the primary: just how ef- fective it is in bringing general agree- ment and accord on what {8 the popu- lar will was shown in the Republican State convention.” Another JTowa paper, the Sioux City Tribune (independent), thus vigorously denounces the whole proceeding: “Delegates assembled at the Iowa Re- publican convention, to state the case mildly, earned classification as a cow- ardly pack. They manifested inex- cusable cowardice. They permitted a few ‘pork' politiclans to jockey the rules of a supposedly deliberative body and throttle free expression. Largely because of this ‘steam roller’ system, under which the delegates had for- feited the representative rights which had been bestowed upon them, the convention uttered no word of criti- cism for President Coolidge’s fight against agricultural equi Fully 90 per cent of the delegates were privately hostile toward the course which the national administration had taken.” EEE 4‘}\1- Cedar Rapids Gazette (independ. ent), deseribing the convention as a “love feast with applesauce as the piece de resistance,” wants to know: “Does the Republican party in Towa think that it can be both pro-administration and anti-Coolidge? Were the Repub- lican leaders forced to recognize Mr. Brookhart as the best way of checking the Lowden boom and protecting the interests of President Coolidge? Are the people to conclude that the Re- publican party in lowa repudiated Mr. Cummins and all his works when it gathered Mr. Brookhart so tenderly into its arms? Nevertheless, the Providence Jour-. nal (independent Republican) finds that Towa has rebuked factionalism and stressed party regularity. ‘‘Which idea is destined to larger acceptance in the ‘West in the next few months?” asks the Rhode Island datly; “this Towa policy of concillation or the uncon- ciliatory Borah program?” The Man- chester Union (independent Repub- lican) also declares that the outstand- ing fact is that “points of difference with administration policies may arise in various sections, but they are not sufficient to overcome the general ap- proval which the administration has won. His party,” continues the Union, | “is not disposed to break with Calvin Coblidge, and that is as true in sup- posedly rebellious Iowa as in any East- ern State.” And the Portland (Oreg.) Journal (independent) believes that, despite all the discussion, “the Iowa Republican convention is a most hope- ful sign,” because, “after more than 100 years, lowa Republicans are be- ginning to understand,” and have is- sued “a call for legislation which will permit the establishment of an Amer- ican price level for agricultural prod- ucts above the world's price level.” ““Once Congress adjoiirned,” remarks he: Worcester Gazette (independent), “these barbarians of the Middle West were expected to break loose with fire and sword to ravage and despoil the holdings of the Republican party. Yet, behold! Here are the JIowa & the unf Cossacks of the | the Back Brookhart lukes depart to their plainsiand homes, trotting their flery steeds gently. How did it happen? Has the name of Coolidge, like music, still power to soothe the savage breast?” * o ox % “Reasonable and sane co-operation with the Republican party of the Na- tion is the only solution of the troubles of the corn belt,” is the de- duction of the Portland (Me.) Evening Express (Republican). The interpreta- tion of the Flint Daily Journal (inde- pendent) is that “unsound in policy as {the various proposed measures for a |farm subsidy have been, the persist- |ence of the corn belt group seems likely to gain recognition.” From the Democratic point of view, as voiced by the Louisville Courfer- Journal (Democratic): “The question is pertinent and un- answered—what is the Republican party of Iowa, beyond a name and a conglomeration of politicians seeking office by fanning and exploiting an alleged agricultural rebelon and at the same time clinging to and court- ing the co-operation of the very parti- san powers against whom the rebellion is said to be directed?” According to the Omaha World- Herald (independent), it was a con- vention ‘“which blew hot and blew cold” as it “gathered to its capacious bosom Smith Brookhart and the v-Haugen bill in one arm and Coolidge and the Fordn McCumber tariff bill in the other. In view of the fact that the “Towa ‘regular’ Republicans have bridged the chasm and taken the prodical Brook- hart to their bosoms as a fellow parti- san once more,” the Knoxville Senti- nel (independent Democratic) feels that “surely the Grand Old Party in the next Senate will be fearfully and won- derfully constructed.” And the S8t. Louis Post-Dispatch (independent) con- cludes that “truly the call of the band wagon Is irresistible.” THINK IT OVER — ) A Father’s Chance. President George Washington University. President Roosevelt voiced a great social truth when he said. “If you are going to do anything permanent for the average man, you have got to begin before he is a man. The chance of success lies in working with the boy and not with the man.” And the individual who can exert the greatest influence on the boy is the father. Let him take the time and the interest to study and under- stand his son, to be his comrade and counselor. And it does take time to understand the young, because nature somehow has a way of dropping a curtain back of most of us, shutting off our youth- ful days, so that we look with real perplexity on the actions of those who are simply living out the traits that boys have had and will have for cen- turies unnumbered. The problem of understanding the boy is one in tha solution of which casual impressions count for little, because the seen boy and the real boy are very different creatures. Arthur Benson pointe this out in the “Upton Letters” when he say ““They seem in public to want to show their worst side, to be ashamed of being supposed to be good, or inter- ested, or thoughtful, or tender- heartéd. They are afraid of seeming better than they are and pleased to appear worse than they are.” So he who would know and aid his son must reach behind this artificial ex- terior which the boy constructs, not i because of badness, but on account of shyness, suspiclon and lack of self- assurance. He must remember Al ‘ways that the boy is not at an age where cold logic and intellectual sw periority will greatly appeal to him. He must be reached through under- standing and sympathy. By the exer- cise of these alone can we build the foundation on which the whole struc- ture of manly character will rise. The father who really wishes to measure his life's success by the rec-' ord his sons make may wish to cut out this thought of Ben Lindsay and paste it on his shaving mirror: “When vou seek a boy, Eo after his | heart. But you can't get his heart | by sending him to jail, and you can't win him by an act that is puerile and weak. Learn to sympathize with him. Sympathy is the divinest quality of human heart.” ACopyrizht, 19263