Evening Star Newspaper, April 13, 1926, Page 8

HE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. THE EVENING STAR'who won the certificate of the elec- With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY........April 13, 1928 -— THEODORE W. N‘(;YEB. ... Editor ‘I'he Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office ., 11th St and Pennayivi New York Office: 110 Eaat 8 . __Chicago Office: Tower Building. Earopean Office; 14 Rexent St., London, Enkland. a Ave. The Evening Star. with the Sunday morn ing edition, is delivered by carriers within the city at 60 cents per month: daily only, 46 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cen Per month, Orders may be sent by mall or lephone Main 5000, Coliection is made by carrier at the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dail d 8§ 3 $0.00: 1 mo.. 75 Daity Saly0n9eY- - 137 868:00 1 mo” 8 Sunday only 11 ¥r..$3.00: 1 mo.. 25¢ All Other States and Canada. Sunday . .. $12.00: 1 . $1.00 Suuday only E $4.00: Memver of the Assoclated Pre: e Amsoriated Press in exclusisely entitled 19 the use for republicatinn of all news dis- paiches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication ©f special dispatches herein are also reserved. 1yr., Pan-Americans Go Touring. Today concludes the session of the Pan-American journalists in Wash- ington, after several days of valuable interchange of opinfon and informa- tion in the course of a series of meetings of unsurpassed importance end interest. These delegates from both the Americas have met on the common ground of journalism, tlon on the face of the returns. Brookhart took his seat and has served in the present Congress until yesterday afternoon. The Senate com- ate committes on elections sent for all the ballots and subjected them to indi- vidual scrutiny, finally deciding by a vote of ten to one that Steck had won by a narrow but definite majority over Brookhart, the ballots being inter- preted on the principle of the “intent of the voter.” ©rdinarily such a report would be without question sustained by the Sen- ate, but in the line-up of the Senate % | constderations obtained which caused a unique division. There were Demo- | crats who felt that Steck was clearly elected and likewise Republicans of the same mind. There were Demo- crats who felt that Steck was not elected and Republicans likewise of the same mind. Then there were Democrats who, regardless, it would seem, of the technical merits of the case, wished to seat Steck in order to obtain ancther Democratic vote for the remainder of the term, and also to drive Brookhart into competition in this year's primaries with Senator Cummins, whose term expires a year hence. Also there were Republicans who, regardless of the merits of the case, wished to seat Brookbart, con- doning his irregularity and his 1924 secession, in order to prevent his con- testing the seat of Cummins this year. Finally there were progressives who wished Brookhart seated because of his general leanings and his 1924 per- formance. As a result of all these conflicting forces and opinions and wishes the though with widely variant experi- ences and with some differences of view. They have learned much from one another. They have learned much likewise about other countries than thelr own through this inter- change of sentiments. A closer tie has been effected between the Amer- Scas in consequence of these sessions. Now begins the second stage of the visit of the Pan-American jour: nalists from South and Central America to the United States. These delegates are about to start on a tour of this country, visiting the Jarger cities under efficient guidance and in the most effective zuspices for a full survey of the North Amer- fcan situation. They will be es- corted not merely to the “points of interest,” which appeal to tourists seeking the picturesque, the distine- tive and the striking in the North American landscape and industrial organization. They will bo given a “close-up,” as the phrase runs in motion pictures, of North American life. They will, of course, see North American journalism at work. They will see North American commerce in action. They cannot fail to ac- quire a vast fund of information of the greatest value to them when they return home and pick up their duties there. No more surely than by this means can the peoples of the two continents be brought into closer understand- ing and .warmer appreciation. In ordinary occaslons delegates from foreign lands who tour the United States return as individuals. These present visitors will return #s chron- iclers and instructors for their qwn people. They will not only take back with them their impressions of the business and social and political life of this country, but they will spread those impressions before milliens of readers, to the end of u more per- fect understanding of the great neighbor on the north, on the part of Latin America. e -t A Queensberry Duel. A new and modern wrinkle in duel- ing was introduced in Paris, the city of novelties, the other day when for the first time in French history an effair of honor was settled with box- 1ng gloves. Although both contestants were badly out of training, the bout is ®aid to have been fast and furious. It ended when one of the battlers be- came 80 winded that he was unable to continue and it is supposed that a mutual kiss on the cheek was given to complete the reconciliation. Whether this new method of fight- ing duels will be taken up by the elite in continental Europe is not known. it would seem, however, to be far su- perior and to achleve just as good re- sults as the sword and pistol. There are many ways of satisfying “honor,” mnd if it can be accomplished without ‘the serious wounding or killing of the eother person involved it makes a much nicer spectacie. A bloody nose or black eve inflicted wpon an adversary should he @nough triumph for any one. Why should it be necessary to pierce him with @ syord or ruin his interest in Jife with a bullet? Besides that, duel- 4ng with dangerous weapons is barred $n most civilized countries, but as far as fs known a lusty crack on the chin %o avenge an insult is not to be rated ms dangerous. e e Tea brewed by a special method is muggested by eminent English author- ity as a substitute for alcohol. The warly history of the country shows that tea may become an exceedingly witroulating beverage, with effects dif- floult to foresee. et The Jowa Complex. ¢ the old adage that “politics makes mtrange bedfellows” was ever clearly iMustrated it was by the contested election case of Brookhart and Steck of Towa, just settled by the Senate in favor of the latter, the contestant. From the beginning this matter has been one of political complication and paradox. In the first place, Brook- hart, & Republican, elected as such for his first term, but displaying anti- regular tendencies to the extent that he was classified among the third partyltes in the Senate, secured a nomination as a Republican for an- other term. During the campaign of 1924 he, though running as a Republi- can candidate for the Senate, bolted the Republican presidential ticket in favor of the La Follette-Wheeler ticket. This caused a defection, it is estimated, of 100,000 Republican votes in the election, most of which were cast for Steck, his Democratic oppo- nent. The result was exceedingly ) close, so close that a contest was in- "_itituted by Steck against Brookhart,! result of the vote of the Senate was uncertain until the conclusion of the roll call. The decision was in favor of Steck by the narrow margin of four votes, 45 to 41. A shift of two votes from the Steck to the Brookhart side ‘would have caused a tie, with the Vice President making the decision. Now what will be the effect politi- cally in Iowa of this action? That Brookhart will run for the Senate to succeed Cummins is assured by his own declaration of candidacy in ad- vance of the Senate's decision. But can he get a majority of the Republi- can voters of the State to nominate him? There was evidence last No- vember that at least 100,000 of them bolted him. A Protest Against Secrecy. An interesting and important point will be detided by the courts when a ruling is rendered on the application for mandamus filed by the Better Gov- ernment League to require the Civil Service Commission to furnish a list of the temporary Government em- ployes. Hearing on the application for a writ will be held May 12. The Better Government League is an organization of citizens which has developed from the former Civil Serv- ice League, devoted to the mainte- nance of the merit principle and the establishment of standards of effi- clency and the observance of equity in the treatment of the Government workers. It is a voluntary organiza- tion, without any pecuniary motive. It has sought the list of temporary employes in order to ascertaln the manner in which the merit principle is belng observed In the provisional appointments to office. The Civil Serv- ice Commission has declined to fur- nish the list, on the ground that the records of the Government relating to the examinations of prospective em- ployes are confidential, and also that to comply with the request of the league would establish a precedent that might seriously embarrass the commission and perhaps other Gov- ernment branches. It is difficult to see the merit of the contention that the records of the Gov- ernment as to employment are not subject to public inspection, especially when the inquirer is obviously ‘not a commercial organization seeking to exploit the membership of the Govern- ment service The chairman of the Civil Service Commission declares that if this request were granted a similar request from an insurance company or other business’agency could not be refused. The court will determine whether such a result would follow compliance with the request of an or- ganization clearly seeking information for the betterment of the Government service and not for profit or business advantage. There should be no secrecy regard- ing the public service, as to the per- sonnel, save perhaps in those branches which have to do with the investiga- tion of crime. Government rosters, both temporary and permanent, should be avallable to all inquirers. The question in the present case is whether a purpose other than idle curiosity is involved. The petition of the Better Government League is actuated by a commendable motive, to eliminate an element of secrecy that, it claims, has enveloped certain governmental opera- tions. No harm; other than the tfouble of compliance, can conceivably come from a disclosure of the lists of tem- porary employes. Possibly no good can come from it. It is for the court now to determine whether a voluntary organization of citizens has the right to obtain information which, of course, could be secured through congres- sional inquiry at any time. SRR Paris is considering the idea of of- fering Abd-el-Krim a villa in France as an inducement to leave Morocco. The troublemaker has his rewards as well as the peacemak - P R 0Oldroyd-Lincoln Collection. A bill for the purchase of the Old- roya collection of Lincoln relics is on the House calendar, having been unan- imously reported fromthe committee on the Library. The bill was passed by the Semate March 13. It has had a prosperous legislative course in the first session of the Sixty-ninth Con- gress, has met no obstinate opposition and it has a fair prospect to becorhe a law this Spring. Representative Robert L. Bacon of New York report- ed the bill from the committee on the Library and.is earnestly seeking to get final and favorable action on it by the House at this session. The bill provides “That the Secre- tary of State, Secretary of War and the Attorney General are hereby des- ignated as a commission with author- i, In their aiscretion, to purchase the Oldroyd collection of Lincoln relics, and that the sum of $60,000, or ‘80 much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby authorized to be appropriated to enable the commission to consum- mate such purchase.” In the report on the bill it s said that “Over a year ago a private individual offered Mr. ©Oldroyd 350,000 for the collection, but he patriotically declined, belleving that it would be appropriate to keep it in Washington. Recently other in- dividuals have offered $55,000. Last year the legislature of the State of Illinols appropriated $50,000 for the purchase of the collection and its re- moval to Springfield. Again Mr. Old- royd deferred action. Your committee is given to understand that if the United States does not at this session of Congress provide for the purchase of the collection Mr. Oldroyd will probably accept another offer.” The Oldroyd-Lincoln collection is known by everybody in Washington and uncountable strangers have seen the exhibit since its removal from the Lincoln house in Springfleld, I, in which it was established by Mr. Old- royd. Thirty-odd years ago, there was created in Washington an assoctation to urge and advise Congress on the purchase and preservation of historic private houses. One result of that was that the Government bought the Petersen-Schade home on Tenth street, to which Lincoln was carried after being shot by John Wilkes Booth, and in which the President died. The as- soclation urged Mr. Oldroyd to bring his collection from the Lincoln home in Springfield to the Tenth street house in Washington. It has been here ever since and many additions have been made to it. It is, in the opinion of many persons qualified to Jjudge, the most interesting and most valuable eollection of objects asso- clated with and bearing on the career of Lincoln: It should be kept in Wash- ington and it ought to be worth as much to the Government of the United States as to a private collector or to the State of Illinois. oo A life of studious service to man- kind will cause Luther Burbank to be remembered with deep regard and re- spect, despite differences of opinion relating to some of his latterly devel: oped metaphysical views. A man keen for research is likely to grow weary of the trodden paths, even though some were of his own making. Burbank turned boldly to psychic ex- ploration and with characteristic in- tellectual courage was ready to'devote the remainder of his life to demon- strating theories which long endeavor by many investigators has falled to bring to tangible proof. X o — s A memorial to the District of Co- lumbia military end naval forces which served in the World War will stand as a fine reminder of patriotism, as well as a thing of beauty. It will serve a purpose of public benefit which will keep its noble suggestions warm in recollection even in moments of pleasure. e ‘The objection by Dr. Ramiro Guerra of Havana to the use of unclad figures in association with publicity merely {n print would indicate that he has not yat had an opportunity to see & Broad- way revue. et In any future dinners to Smedley Butler, when the time comes to drink a toast, a discreet host will request the orchestra to play “Drink to Me Only With Thine Eyes,” and let it 8o at that. The Post Office Department can bar & magazine from the malls, but by the time all the persons concerned in an advisory capacity have read it in orderto reach a decision the edition is exhausted and nobody cares. 20— e An election in Chicago has to be surrounded by so many precautions that it seems likely to figure more prominently as police news than as political news. e Hints of Chinese conspiracy may, if ‘Wan is tried often enough, elevate his case almost to the status of a for- eign entanglement. 00TING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHXNSON. Winter’s Lingering Sarcasm. Queen of the May, you will soon draw near . With a garland gay and a song of cheer, ‘With a laughing eye and a step of grace That will lure us all to the merry pace— But hark, from the north a murmur low O'er a frosty breeze says, “Maybe So!" Queen of the May, you will bid us send Our cares away and no more extend A weary hand where the blaze is set Nor shivering stand where the snow flakes fret— And across the sky .with its fleeting glow 0Old Boreas chuckles, “Maybe So!” Great System. "We are always putting some prob- lem up to the Government.” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum. “It’s a beautiful system. Whenever a problem seems impractical and irritat- ing, there is always another in line to take its place.” Useful Commeodity in Abundance. The coal strike’s ended. Yet upon the wall The soot” keeps growiriy deeper. The year brings one great comfort, ‘after all: The lamp black should be cheaper. Jud Tunkins says evolution doesn't interest him much. Even if true, it's too late to do anything about it. Embarrassment. “I knew you,” said the reminiscent friend of the family, “‘when you were a little girl in short dresses.” “Any shorter than this?” gasped Miss Cayenne. " “Disappointment,” said Uncle Eben, “is V!hnt you feels when you gits yoh ‘wish or else what you feels n‘gw\l has had it." PO R I e Lt BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. A perfect wave of small boys, beat- ing through the restaurant’s revolv- 1ing door, swept forward to the cashler’s desk, where it broke into its com- ponent boys. This human billow was made up of members of a visiting troop of the Boy Scouts, in turn but part of the thousands of persons who were that day ‘“seelng” Washington. Spring had brought not only green grass and budding trees, but the be- ginning of its annual flood of sight- seers, . Beginning with Easter, the Nation- al Capital has recefved a pleasant flood cf visitors, ranging in age from the small boys in the restaurant to various lovely young ladles in high school. This annual tourist business has been bulit up by the rallroads, in co- operation with the schools, with the happy result of benefiting every one concerned. Washington is glad to have the children here (we hope the young ladles will forgive us for calling them ‘“‘children”), and the youngsters evidently are very much pleased to be_here. We who live in Washington are likely to forget, at times, the impor- tance of our city. In other cities, how- ever, and especially in the smaller places, the towns and villages, mere- ly ©to recelve a letter from the Na- tional Capital confers distinction. It gives a stald Washingtonian almost a thrill to watch these visitors, who are so interested in all they see, 80 eager to see all they possibly can in the time ghey are here, s0 im- pressed with ‘what, to us, is often, alas, but commonplace! * ok k% The boy blllow had spread out around the restaurant by this time. Some were ordering waffles, others securing sandwiches, some oatmeal and cream, while still other chaps in knickers were wandering aimlessly around, as if in great indecision as to_just what to order. ‘While there was plenty of noise, it was not in any sense boisterous. (That word, by the way, is not de- rived from the word “boy.”) ‘The racket was such as would have resulted from the precipitation into any comparatively confined place of a large number of human beings. These boys, then, were the hope of the Nation. It seemed to our eyes that the fate of the land was going to be in pretty good hands, after all. The boys, under the wise Scout tutelage, were “full of pep,” yet reserved. ‘They behaved as young gentlemen should, yet there was plenty of vigor in_their movements. They did not find it necessary or desirable to chase each other all over the room, or throw caps, or tumble somebody head over heels, or to yell, whistle, or e'en shout. They attended strictly to business, which, in this instance, meant eat- ing breakfast, for it was scarcely 9 o'clock in the morning, with a glori- ous sun shining and a fresh wind blowing. The Scoutmaster was a stout gen- tleman with snow-white hair, small white mustache and very ruddy cheeks. He wore gold eyeglasses, and had a twinkle in his bright blue eyes. He seemed to have several assist- ants, notably one young man in khaki, also a very tall young fellow in plain citizen dress. . The boys, of uniform height, rather short, presented a perfect cross-sec- tion, as far as we could see, of “the great American boy." Each lad seemed dressed to suit himself, evidently this being allowed for the trip to Washington. Each was as solemn as an owl. There is nothing more interesting to watch than a well behaved boy, Just as there is nothing more distaste- ful than an {ll-bred, loud-mouthed, “show off” youngster, who monopo- lizes every one's attention. Boys will be boys, it 18 true, but the saying s just as true if it 18 written “Real boys will be real boys.” A true boy, in our opinion, has a decent sense of decorum as well as well developed sense of play. The sightseers were a study. Here was a boy in green sweater, gray cap, a stubby little fellow, with red hair and blue eyes. Next came a boy clothed in con- ventional brown suit, stout brown shoes, big cap set back on his brown hair, which was brushed straight back. This boy had a pecullar, pushed-in sort of face, but there was something strangely likable about him, at that. He solemnly got himself some oatmeal and a glass of milk, and sought out a seat. It chanced that hjs chair was along- side that of one of the regular patrons of the restaurant, who was drinking @ morning cup of coffee on the theory that if Edgar Allan Poe required a cup every half hour when he wrote, one cup in the morning might not be a bad thing for any one. This gentleman almost stopped drinking, upon the advent of the boys, and regarded them with the greatest interest, as did the remainder of the adult portion of the patrons. * % ko The restaurant attaches, in their turn, found themselves galvanized into action. It seemed a pleasure for these young women to help the boys get served, while many a smile found fts way to lips, as boy after boy was sent to a table. Finally, as if the chief had said, “Gentlemen, be seated,” the whole group was at rest, and there was no noise heard other than the ill-defined murmur which results when a group is talking. At this juncture, a group of high school girls entered. Possibly they made more of a hubbub than the boys, but, if 8o, their appearance more than made up for it. What a happy sight, indeed, is a group of high school girls out on the adventure of “seeing Washington"! We were struck again with the thought that women's dress is at its most sensible period. With their light coats, small hats, pretty stock- ings and neat shoes, these girls were sensibly as well as tastefully dressed, In their costumes was an utter ab- sence of freak feature: torted sleeves, strange inane puffings-out, etc. Thelr clothes fit them, on the human pattern, yet were artistic to a degree. It s to be hoped that women will cling steadfastly to the new freedom which they have won in fashions. If these be “flappers,” then we like | “flappers,” and make no odds over ad- mitting it. Bobbed hair, too, is a ¢, TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 1926 NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM LG M. OUR TIMES: The Turn of the &en- tury; 1900-1904. Mark Sullivan. Charles Scribner’s Sons. Almost any general statement holds undisputed right of way. This is so because the most of us are lazy in our minds, more inclined to take with- out question that which is handed us than we are to probe for the truth or untruth of the offering. Take for in- stance the familiar saying that the newspaper is the greatest of schools. Maybe it §s. But, just for exercise, let’s look into the conmtent of this statement. A school is an institution of learning, so the definition runs. Well, a_newspaper is certainly a fully established institution whose avowe: purpose is the diffusion of informa- tlon. As to its size and spread, indi- cated in the general claim for it, we turn to the great flocks of prosper- ing papers, to circulation records, to piled newsstands, to every person on the street, in-the office, in the home, relying on the daily paper as he does on the morning meal. It looks as it throughout the clvilized world practi- cally everybody goes to school to the newspaper. This is also the most accessible and democratic of institu- tions—no examinations for admission, no credentials of any sort required. Merely a cent or two a day, and there you are in full matriculation. It has & curriculum, inclusive and diversified beyond comparison. The distinction of this one, however, is that, unlike those of other institutions of learn- ing, it concerns itself with live cur- rent matters, whereas the others loiter persistently within the domain of the past. And this curriculum is purely eclectic. You take what you want and leave the rest. A self-disciplinary school, it may be, wherein you may train yourself to choose between the generally im- portant and the narrowly trivial. It looks, all in all, like a surpassing school, this school of the newspaper. Nothing missing here that is found in other institutions of learning save the faculty. There are no teachers in slght here. So, reading along day by day, we are likely to find our- selves in possession of innumerable parts of many things, without power to assemble these parts into units of tact and meaning. Maybe the editor is the teacher. At times he may be, but clearly he has other work to do than that of interpreting the daily sheet. Still pursuing, we come upon the real teachers of the newspaper. This is the news writer of long ex- perience, of many important and {l- luminating associations, one who senses the drama of the passing days and is able to project this drama, not only in its action and colors, but in its implications and real significance as well. Perhaps the name of this considerable newspaper man fis jour- nalist. I don't know the exact line between the two. He is, however, certainly the one upon whom the daily reader must rely for co-ordi- nated facts, for units of information and opinion, for the drifts of thought that possess the public, for the moods that seize commonwealths as well as individuals, for the forecasts and guidance that such inspired treatment clean, sensible and pretty fashion, and ‘we do not believe it will “go out.” Reluctantly we went through the swinging door, and saw, all along the block, swarms of boys and girls, come to_“see” Washington. ‘We hope they see as much as we do, and are as pleased thereat! i"‘—riends of the Horse Again Uphold Traditional Rights| Though he is no longer the “sta; he used to be on the stage of man's transportation needs, there seems no good reason why the horse should be deprived of all right to play his part with the rest of the “company,” judging from the comment in the press on the subject of the “possible extinction of Dobbin.” The horse has always been a good friend of man, and now in his need man is glving evidence of a reciprocating friendliness and seems in many in- stances loath to drop the reins and seize the steering wheel. “Predictions that the automobile will gradually supplant the horse in both public favor and practice until the animal is commercially extinct have been rife for years, ever since the automobile was popularized on a practical basis and began to make rapid inroads on the equine domaln,” says the Miami Daily News. But though it acknowledges that the horse is rarely seen amid the con- gested traffic of big cities, this paper thinks it “highly improbable that the horse will disappear altogether as a commercial factor,” because “there are certain of the transportation re- quirements to which he is still ad- mirably adapted, and from which there is but slight likelihood of his ever being ousted by the mechanical beasts of burden.” The Springfield Daily News records that recently, in New York, “quite an audible opposi- tion was voiced by users of the horse when the president of the city's Board of Trade and Transportation expressed his desire to banish the horse from the streets of the me- tropolis ‘because he does more to slow up traffic than anything else.’" This paper contends that “the horse is not yet on the shelf, in spite of modern substitutes that seek to put him there.” E On the other hand, the Morgan- town New Dominion believes that “‘even though business con- cerns in the cities find draft horses better than trucks for short hauls, and granting the usefulness of the patient and powerful beast, still he ‘will probably have to go before many years, ylelding to the truck. Cities will have to banish him simply be- cause he gets in the way and ob- structs traffic,”” says this journal. In fact, humanitarians want horses re- lleved of city work, according to the Lincoln Star, “because of the fact that they suffer in Winter on the lll{z; pery pavements and are constantly harassed in the hopeless struggle to keep pace with the motor tide.” Still, this does not mean that the horse “has gone out of use,” continues this paper, as it states ‘“thefe are more horses on American farms today than there were before the automobile was known.” Turning to the market for horses, the Toledo Blade states “the demand for horses in Lewanee County, Mich., this .year is the largest it has been for many seasons. One auctioneer at Adrian says that he has sold nearly 700 of the animals since New Year.” And the Blade finds it “a highly in- teresting fact that, in spite of the making and marketing of four mil- lion cars annually, we have never really reached the horseless age. Dob- bin has come very near to holding his own.” . * ¥ ¥ % As to the use of the horse or mule on the farm, Anniston Star re- marks, “Despite this tendency to put aside the horse for the motor, the farmer still may be expected to hold to the faithful nag for quite a while, for there are some things on a farm that a horse or mule can do that a tractor or a ‘motor car cannot do. Many horses still are found on South- ern farms.” If one wishes to see the horse in his glory he should go to Aiken, S. according to the advice given in the Cumberland Evening Times, as it says: “The horse is still as im- portant as ever in at least one place —the interesting neighborhood of Alken, 8. C., where the cream of America’s polo hierarchy enjoy them- selves on beautifully kept polo grounds, where are homes of wealthy horse owners from all parts of the United States, where young people are systematically taught to ride, hunt, shoot, swim, play tennis and golf, and where an automobile is never seen except on a neighboring through highway on which ‘tourists’ pass by at.a limit of 15 miles an hour. All visiting guests are met by horse-drawn vehicles. The horse at Aiken,” sums up this paper, “is in all his glory on the byroads as well as on the race track, polo flelds and steeplechase course. * K K % In discussions as to the value of the horse in war, both in England and supplies. Sometimes this super news- man takes us, the readers, under tutelage week by week. But some- times with a further reach backward and around for longer sight and deeper portent he opens up a wider vision to us and trains us to a better understanding of today and tomorrow. This man is the head teacher in the newspaper school to which we all go. ® ¥ % % And for the purpose in hand, the name of this teacher is Mark Sulli- van. “Our Times" is his lesson book. This book spreads a cross-section of American life at the “Turn of the Century.” The wide circuit is dotted and lined with the full sum of its own events. Not Government and politics alone find place here, but evetything else as weil that serves to round these years of American activity. The matters that shape politics and in- fluence governments stand here also— industry and trade; labor and its com- plement, capital; money in its essen- tial meaning and in its working capacity. ‘The pleasures of the people appear here also—the songs that were sung at this period and the tunes that were played; the dramas that lasted in high success their little days; the novels that were read; the sports that loosened the muscles of the players and the minds of the onlookers. A full and human setting forth delights one at this point. About these various activities are gathered in a friendly and natural grouping the men and women who created and sustained this collective life of America a quarter- century ago. Innumerable bphoto- America, it has been decided that he still has a useful function. “In a re- cent debate in the House of Com- mons the champion of the horse in warfare declared that a fully motor- ized force was a thoroughly vulner- able affair,” says the Loulsville Times, “since its mechanical columns were shown in recent maneuvers to be dif- ficult to control, cumbersome and an easy mark for opposing alrmen.” Therefore the Louisville paper be- lleves that “the horsd that, in the days of Job, scented the battle from afar, will no doubt hear the tumult and the shouting of the captains for some time to come.” In the United States there was recent discussion in Congress over allowing the appropri- ation of “$995,000 for horses for the Army, many Senators belleving that the day of the mounted soldier is over,” cording to the Loulsville Herald Post. “Senator Wadsworth,” continues the Herald Post, “pointed out that cavalry will always be need- ed, particularly when an Army is doing police work. Cavalry regiments patrol the Mexican border and ride here and there in the Philippines to preserve order. Our little Army of peace times would lose half its effi- clency” without the proper quota of horses. “The Senate voted the appro- priation,” continues this paper, there- by assuring ‘some young horses for the Army.” Child Health Day. From the Atlanta Journal. ‘When we reflect that 40,000 school children die each year from causes which are preventable, that of the 400,000 annual cases of typhoid 75 per cent are unnecessary, that of crippled adults one-third recefve their injuries during the first six years of life, and that within those years al! mental de- fective cases are recognizable, it is easy to see why more and more of America’s thinking people are deeply interested in Natlanal Child Health day. Presldent Coolidge has given special sanction to its forthcoming ob- servance on May the first; and Secre- tary Hoover, in the course of an of- ficial statement, declare “It 18 no wonder that Child Health day has taken hold of the imagination of the Nation. The need for it was so great. Each year, the results will double until it has become a national habit, an almost subconscious impulse, to remember the child wisely, con- structively, from the day that parents are born until the day their become parents—that is, always. Then no words of any one man or women will be necessary in defense of the Na- dn;\l'l will that its children shall be well.” A Georgia may be depended upon to observe the day in spirit as well as in letter, and to continue with ever-in- creasing effectiveness the ‘effort to in- sure to all her children an environ- safeguard and foster A graphs accompany these word pic- tures, and, maybe for the first' time, we come face to face with the looks of many a one with whom we have a clear, indirect acquaintance by way of some achievement of one or an- other of them. * % & & ‘Within this general picture—so graphic, so many-sided, so deeply in- teresting—three men enlist the atten- tion of the author to a certain over- shadowing of the others. Rather two figures, for while Mr. Sullivan names three, he studigs but two, since the third one is outside the period under survey. Willlam Jennings Bryan, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson —these are the three. * ok K “The greatest single cause of the mood of irritation and unrest in Amer- ica that expressed itself, successively, in Bryan, Roosevelt and Wilson, was the end of free land and of other nat- ural resources. To put it more ex- actly, it was the increase in the popu- lation of the country in proportion to the quantity of land. The same amount of land was there—but the number of people who wanted it had increased and was continuing to in- crease greatly. - That contributed to the rise of Bryan. Butfthe more di- rect cause of Bryan's rise was the in- crease of the population of the coun- try out of the proportion to the sup- ply of gold.”" % ok ok K ‘The quotation cited merely indicates the quality and method of study ap- plied to the Bryan period by Mark Sullit and later to the Roosevelt i3 the method that is .the chief concern here. By Way of it the author $ets a study in economics that creates a public mood. This mood in turn takes effect in the actions of the public, in its acceptance of certain leaders, in its choice of certain poli- cles. A most illuminating study of economics, a concrete study taking prompt effect in the mind and m of the collective public. A reasonable and intelligible consideration giving foundation to politics other than that of personal ambition; giving objective proof of the interrelations existing be- tween natural resources and super- imposed political theory. We come to see, under the guidance of this head master in the newspaper school, how was creat by diminis! by depleted gold resources, by highly productive silver mines, by rapidly augmented population, by the rise of trusts and monopolies and the other familiar ‘it nrelated though hitherto u aspects the period under consideration. And we ®ee, with equal force, how this situation took effect in politics and political leaders. By such a method economics, even to the average ler, becomes an intelligible force and not a jumble of hit-or-miss facts. To. this same reader politics becomes the se- quence of certain basic economic con- {88t oo risee rafhar oot of the potat d | dates back to remote antiquity, and of|2 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. % What {s E4A Wynn's real name? —M. C. A. His name {s Edwin Leopold. Q. What causes the peculiar drum- mllr’lriound of the airplane in flight? A. The rush of air through the struts. and wires of an alrplane in fight causes that drumming sound. ‘This is about 10 per cent of thé noise made by an alrplane in flight. Q. Why do cows sweat only on their noses?—C. C. L. A. The Bureau of Dairying says it is because the nose is the only place having sweat glands. Q. When were cosmetics first used? —H.L. A A. The knowledge of cosmetics their annals comprise the history of the folly, luxury and extravagance of past ages. The number of slmple and compound substances employed as perfumes is incalculable and al- most fabulous, and the books written by Egyptians, Greeks and Romans on the subject almost constituted a li- brary in themselv Q. What are “Mongolian spots” that are sald to mark true descend- ante of that race?—A. V. A. “Mongolian spots” are tempo- riry patches of plgmentation which appear upon children usually in the sacrolumbar reglon, especially among Mongolian peoples. They usually dis- appear in early childhood. Q. What is the derivation of the word “moron"?—G. H. W. A. It is taken from the Greek word “moros,” meaning stupid. Q. Can vegetables be grown in the Virgin Islands to supply our need for rN];h s\‘ecembleu in the Winter time? A. Vegetables are grown there during our Winter and experiments are being made in transporting them to this country. Tomatoes and eg plants have been received in Ne: York Clty in fine condition. Q. What is the rank of the drum major of a service band?—R. E. L. G. A. The rank of drum major de- pends upon the size of the band. The' drum majors of the Army, Navy and Marine Bands at Washington, D. C., are holding the highest enlisted rate, respectively, master sergeant, chief boatsman and sergeant major. Drum majors of the smaller bands through- out the service may hold the rank of corporal, sergeant or flrst sergeant, according to the appointment of the commanding officers Q. What flowers or plants can be :'xug to plant an “American flag"?— ‘A. The Bureau of Plant Industry red, white and blue, respectively. ge used in planting the American ag. the virgin; Libra, the balance; Scorplo, the scorpion; Sagittarius, the arch Capricorn, the goat; Aquarius, the water bearer; Plsces, the fishes. Q. Does the Lost River of New Hamnehire come under the ground to Rhode Island?—B. R. M. A. The Geological Survey says that Lost River s the name of a small stream that flows through Kinsman Notch, between Mount Moosilauke and Mount Kinsman, about 6 miles northwest of North Woodstock, N. H. It takes its name from the fact that at two places in its course through the gorge of the notch the bottom of the gorge is filled with a mass of huge boulders, piled in the wildest confusion, beneath and among whiel the water finds its way by tortuous channels and is thus for a space lost. to view from above. It {s not reallv “lost,” as in several places the lower part of the gorge, beneath the heap of boulders, has been made accessible by ladders and stairways in the pas sages and thus much of the course of the stream can be followed, even where it is hidden from above. Downstream from the gorge the river flows on to joln other tributaries of the Pemigewasset and there fs, of course, no foundation for the notion that it flows underground and emerges somewhere in Rhode Island Q. Where is Letchworth Park®™ M. E. C. A. Letchworth Park is a tract o land of about 1,000 acres in the valle of the Genesee River in Wyoming and Livingston Counties, New was conveyed to the State in 1905 by the proprietor, Willlam Pryor Letck | worth. to be used as a. publ, | Q. Can ocean-going steam | under the new Philadelphia Bridge, or does the bridge draw?—H. G. A. The bridge from Philadelphia to Camden is a suspension bridge an cannot be opened. Most of the large ocean-going vessels can go under thi bridge. The vertical clearance of the bridge is 135 feet at high water. Have we hoed the pleasure of ser ing you through our Washington I | formation Bureauf Can’t we be of some help to you in your daily prob lems? Our business is to furnish you | with authoritative information, andi we invite you to ask us any questio: of fact in which you are interested Send your inquiry to The Evening Btar Information Bureau, I'rederic J | Haskin, director, Washington, D. € have & suggests red-follaged coleus, dusty miller and ageratum for the colors Inclose 2 cents in stamps for return ! postage. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS TR BY PAUL V. COLLL Certain Spanish-language newspa- pers in Cuba started a report last Saturday that the government was about to declare a moratorium on all bank payments, owing to the depres- sion in sugar prices. The primary result was immediate excitement all over the island, culminating in a general run on the banks and a with- drawal of cash by depositors, followed by a rich harvest by pickpockets. ‘The second result was a magnifl- cent demonstration of the far-reach- ing power of credit, for within a few hours after the run had begun Presi- dent Machado of Cuba, personally and with as much publicity as was pos: ble, carrfed to a victlm bank, a branch of the Royal Bank of Canada, $40,000 cash and deposited it—his own money. Turning to the frenzied crowd, he announced that, if neces- sary, he would deposit government money to the amount of $40,000,000, for there was no cause for the panic and it should stop. The treasurer of Cuba followed the President with a deposit of $200,000. As soon as the news reached the United States and Canada, money to the total amount of $80,000,000 was rushed to Cuba, even requisitioning a battleship to carry it safely from Key West across to Havana. This was *‘real money,” not mere book credits, and in the face of such tangible as- sets the panic faded and the reassured depositors hastened to return their withdrawals to the banks. There is scarcely a native bank in Cuba_ which has survived the panic of 1922, when the sudden fall of sugar from 20 cents to 2 cents a pound wiped out the assets back of their loans to the sugar planters, millers and dealers. Practically all banking in Cuba is done by the National Citizens' Bank of New York, the Royal Canadian Bank of Montreal and the Bank of Nova Scotia—all financial institutions of such strength that the report of alleged embarrassment could be taken only as an_ exhibition of mendacity. However, the public is unduly sus- ceptible to such a panic because of the debacle of 1922, when all native banks failed. ~ * % % It is probable that there has never been a more spectacular rallying of nations to the financial support of a weak nation than that of the United States and Canada coming to the res- cue of Cuba. The rescue further dem- onstrates how financial interests 18- nore national boundaries when they involve the prosperity of the masses on both sides of the political limits. Officials, both of Cuba and the United States, state, unequivocally, that if the run had not been stopped in- stanter it would have resulted in riot and great distress among the people, followed possibly with violence against the government and complete demor- alization of the sugar interests, on Which Cuba's chief income depends. With serious curtailment of sugar production in Cuba, the price of sugar throughout the United States ‘would enhance, at the expense of our con- sumers—and Americans average 100 pounds of sugar per capita annually. ¥ ER ubans declare that the more that auslidn capital becomes interested in Cuban production the stronger will be the influence toward tariff conces- B o ey doponds, Ninety Der ity depends. Nin Wo{ all their exports consist of raw sugar, hence the volume and value of measure the purchasing power Cubans in patronizing foreign sugar of the 100d | markets for their miscellaneous needs. During the World War Cuba limited the maximum price of sugar to the figure recommended by Mr. Herbert Hoover, and at no time until after the ice was the price higher than 6 cents. In May, 1920, the quotation was 20.3 cents, and the following har- vest sold faor only 3.7 to 4.8 cents; the crop of 1921 sold in the first six months of 1922 at from 15 to 2.5 cents, and banks which had not fore- seen such a fall and had loaned on a higher valuation were wiped out. Since then the market has fluctuated as high as 6.6 cents, but is now around cents. It is the practice of small planters e ——— of view than out of any fundamental inherent differences. The whole is a valuable study. The particular point just named is invaluable in its char- acter and .u-x:cutlon. And to th& Jour- nalist, to the newspaper, goes the ap- preciation of students and readers for £0 fine & workes to buy supplies on credit of their growing crops, but the law requires the merchants to make weekly settle ments. During the grinding scasor, the mills pay to the merchants, or to the mill stores, the proceeds of the cane brought in by the individual! planter. The storekeeper then deducts the weekly account and pays the bal- ance in cash. Practically no sugar is held over L the planters for speculation, but it is 80ld as fast as harvested. The plant ers are Cubang, and they spend their incomes in Cuba. The owners of the mills are largely foreign interests. I is estimated 77 per cent (on the basis of production) are Americans and Canadians. Of that 77 per cent, §+4 per cent are concerns in which Amer fcans or Canadians actually hold con trolling majorities of stock. The profits of the mills, therefore, have far less to do with the purchasing power of Cuba than the net profits of the planters, for, whether large or small, the mill proceeds leave the country, usually in the form of divi dends to American or Canadian stock | holders. ¥ * * The labor situation in Cuba differs greatly from the peon system of Mex. ico, and also from the protected labor of the United States. During harvest thousands of Spaniards come across the ocean, attracted by the wages paid to white labor—as high as $7 a day in harvesting. Thev can make the round trip for $90. and carry back some $300 or $400. The importation of Spaniards is done openly under sanction of law, and agencies contract to bring over men for a commission of about $26 a man. Negro labor earns onlv about $1.50 a day—and is said to produce only proportionately. * K ok w While sugar has become a losing crop, it is not an easy thing to change to diversification. Sugar cane is not an annuai, requiring replant- ing each year; it grows many years from one planting—even as high as 16 to 18 years without replanting. Cane growing is more like orchard ing than grain raising, and, although the crop of 1920 sold for more than a billlon dollars and that of 1923-24 for only $368,498,000, the producers {'md no recourse but to suffer their 0ss. The United States protective tarifr on raw sugar exceeds the amount net that the planter recelves, and Cubans are hoping for adjustment beyond that given by the present reciprocity agreement. There is no assurance, however, given in Ameri- can official circles that there will be any early change in our sugar tariffs intended for the protection of our own Southern sugar planters. * Kk ko Cubans are great consumers of rice; in 1919 they imported 79,000,000 pounds of rice from the United States. but later years show radical reduc tions. Yet the island produces non They also import most of their dairy products and eggs. The growing of Winter vegetables has developed in recent years, for ex port to the United States in Decem ber to April. This industry has brought the growers in excess of million dollars a year, and can be in- creased materially. Fruit raising is still more important, amounting to nearly $5,000,000 a. year. Next to sugar comes tobacco, for ‘which Cuba is famous, exports of un- manufactured tobacco amounting to $25,335,000 a year and of manufac tured tobacco more than $10,000,000 Recent enlargement of the parcel post limits from 4 1o 11 pounds may Increase direct sales of -tobacco to American customers, but it is said by Cubans that it will be more pro ductive of mail order purchases in America by Cuban consumers. The country is so backward con- cerning general production that it imports all of its refined sugar, most of its coffee and nearly all its canned goods and manufactures. While coffee is one of Cuba's principal crops, the United States exported to Cuba in 1928 5,071,000 pounds of coffee, be- sides sending from Porto Rico 12,122,- 000 pounds more. Similar paradoxes appear in other imports of tropical products. The land for coffee produc- tion is abundant, but undeveloped. Only 40 per cent of the 20,000,000 pounds consumed on the island is produced there. We sell to Cuba nearly half a million dollars’ of re- fined sugar annually, and. of all foodstuffs approximately $50,000,000 ‘worth. (Copyright. 1920, by Paul V. Colline.h