Evening Star Newspaper, March 27, 1926, Page 6

6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY......March 27, 1826 THEODORE W. NOYES Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11y se BB O0 ants, Ave, le&flYork 82(‘ %\0 l:lgl J}‘r'l: St. cago { Tower Building. Buropean Office; 14 Rexent St. London. England. The tar, with the Synday morn- § edition. s g-‘h‘tr!d Yy earriers within the dty at 80 conts per month: dail 5 cents per month: Sunday only. 2! 5" month, Orders may be sent by mail or lephone Main 5000, Collection is made Ly carrier ot the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and s Aui 9.00: 1 me Daily Sa, Sunday. - 15 $ha0¢ 4 m Sunday only 1 yr.. $3.00; 1 me All Other States and Canada. $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 YO e TSR00: 1 moll b Lil1yr. $4.00: 1mo. 35 Member of the Associated Press. 5 is exclusively entitled atior of Wil news dis- i3 97 ot otherwise ore 7 this pa alvo the local ne dizpatches hereln are also reserved only, conts The Proposed Referendum. Senator Edge's proposal for a na- ttonal referendum on the Volstead act is 2 new idea in Federal Government. onstitutional or legislative \pproved by Congress it ation that may lead to of the law- It has no precedent. If will be an inno modification terial king proce! Prop: objection that the recently taken on the subject of prohi- bition and enforcement do mot reflect public opinfon. It provides that “in order that the Congress may obtain ion nec ary for the appro- s exercise of its legislative pow teenth amendment” um shall be held on 1 is made to meet the newspaper polls \der the eig tional refere: tion Shall the Congress amend the na- tional prohibition act (commonly known as the Valstead S to al fow the manut ire, sale, transporta- tion and possession of beverages con taining as great an amount of alcohol @s is lawful under the Constitution, provided that such amendments shall not interfere with the constitutional powers of the several States to legis- Jate with respect to intoxicating liquors as cach State may deem proper. In other words, it is proposed that Con, shall ask the country what | to do on the score of amendments to the enforcement act. There proposition to repeal the eighteenth amendment. Only Congress can ini tlate such a move short of a constitu tional convention. Repeal would en- tall a two-thirds vote in each ho is no and conti on by three-fourths of the State Legislatures. A referendum such as is propos by the Edge resolution would not be binding. 1t would b And it would advise only in a vi mann-* to indicate “yes" or *no” on the broad proposition, “Shall the Con- gress amend the national prohibition act?” There ) specifications as to the character of the umendment save the broad one, which is open to argument, that the amendment shall, if approved by popular vote, make the enforcement act conform to the limit of the eighteenth amendment. i provision of the Constitution to the rail lines was vigorously opposed, but cumstances at least will not be verti- cal and on the nose of the plane, and was finally sustained, and the present | the chances of escape are all in favor Interstate Commerce Commission, with | of the pilot. its broad powers, was created In con- sequence. If Lieut. Barner with that plane, That commission regulates | weighing more than two tons, had at- all rates on interstate lines, both rall [ tempted a turn at twenty feet with and water. It is now sought to ex-[the object of getting back to the fleld, tend its jurisdiction to the motor |it is doubtful if he would be alive to- truck, which is undeniably a means of | day. There was no panic in his mind interstate commerce, from the rail lines in that routes are | lost 300 revolutions per minute. The matter of the route fol- i just “put her down straight ahead.” flexible. lowed by a common carrier is not ma- terial. The fact that a truck, espe- cially in regular scheduled service, plies between points in different States puts it unquestionably in the eye of the law in the category of the interstate carrier. That it is a competitor of the rail lines Is evident. The truck service bids for patronage on the score of greater economy in that collections and deliveries are direct. In this re- spect it affords “special service.” Regulation of rates might be difficult in view of this additional factor. Railroads are in some cases using motor trucks for their own purposes as feeders and supplementary truck line service. When they do so they become subject to rate regulation. changing the mode of transportation. der Federal supervision already. It is natural that the railroads should an enactment which puts all fre zht same basis of interstate commerce control vt ——— - A Civilian Patrol. lice in tomatic light street and Massachusetts avenue was urged last night at a meeting of the Thomas Circle Citizens’ Association. Alarmed at the unchecked careless- ness and indifference of motorists in regard to the mandates of the light signals, the association voted to in- vestigate the project through its ex- ecutive committee. Since the abolition of the Motor Corps, which was composed of three , who pledged their time to the city in emergency peacetime traffic work, there has heen no private and unseen check-up on the motorist who Jheys all regulations he gets out of sight of a policeman. This class of driver is prevalent in Washington today. He keeps one eve cocked for a uniform on reaching a boulevard or light-controlled street and, seeing none, proceeds against sig: with the utmost unconcern. He is the type who plows ahead rd- less of the rights of others, indifferent to even the fundamentals of courtesy as soon and causes confusion and accidents wherever he happens to make his ap- pearance, Curbing of the activities of these drivers s @ big problem. Inasmuch as they are of the “smart alecl kind, alert to danger from recognized au- thorities, they ave difficult for the po- lice to catch. Tt is the law-.a viding motorist who has the questionable privileze of witnessing their menacing actions and he is powerless to bring them to book Formation of a civilian patrol is This is not a clear-cut submission of the ment question to the people. It is not a submission of th prohibition stion. There cun, in deed, be no submission of the prohibi- enfol au tlon question short of a direct pro- posal to repeal the amendment, and | that can reach the people only after it has been adopted by a two-thirds | vote of the two houses of Congress. In such a case a majority vote for re- peal from threefpurths of the States would effect that result. The difficulty of securing w referen- | dum under existing law nuch as there is in fact no law for such a, moot vote—is shown by the provision of the resolution that in case any State fails to act to provide for the submission of the question at the next general election of Congress the Post- master General and the Secretary of Commerce are to conduct the referen- dum in that State “through the post officesa the Burenu of the Censgé or such other & cies within their re- spective jurisdictions and control as they may jointly select.” Thus it is possible that the so-called referendum will be in part a direct vote at the polls and in part a canvass of the people through Federal agencies. There is no possible assurance of a complete vote in such circumstances, teference of an undefined question of possible legislation to the people has never before been proposed se riously. Congress has heretofore been jealous of its powers constitutionally | ranted, and it is not likely ill now vield its pre tiation to a refer that it gative of ini- ndun, especially as there is no assurance of a complete response by the voters. — e In the Middle West the plow of the agriculturist is again obliged to stand aside in favor of the snow plow. s Interstate Trucks. Development of the motor truck for hauling goods over long distances has raised a new question which is now under discussion in Congress. A bill is under consideration which proposes Federal regulation of interstate traffic by automotive vehicles. It is contend- ed on the one hand that truck lines now in operation are competitors of the rail lines and should be subjected to the same degree of supervision and rate regulation as the latter. On the other hand, it is contended that eco- momic principles automatically regu- late motor truck hauling; if rates be- come too high or the business becomes monopolistic, shippers can buy their own truc Rate fixing, it Is urged, will destroy the flexibility of motor truck transportation and prevent a special class of service which the truck furnishes. The interstate commerce law under which rail transportation is subjected to Federal supervision is based upon clause 3, section 8, of Article I of the Constitution, which empowers Con- gress “to regulate commerce with for- eign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribe: From this brief phrase “and among the several states” has developed a probably the only means of curing this condition. During the era of the Motor Corps the three hundred mem- bers of that organization were a con- stant threat to the violator of trafiic -zulations. A selected number of public-spirited motorists and pedes- trians organized into a patrol for the upholding of street¥ules would doubt- Jess cause a change of heart among the law-breaking fraternity. This proposition should be thor- oughly studied. It is not a plan that can be entered into without considera- tion. It may encounter objection, but it i$ certainly apparent that, if prop- erly carrled out, its benefits will out- weigh other considerations. —Some- thing must be done to convince motor- ists that they cannot “make faces” at the law with impunity, and whatever is done must be an effective check on this particular class of driver. vt A settlement of the differences be- tween Chile and Peru would be a peace move covering a limited portion of the globe, but of great value as a general example. vt Referendum was greatly favored by the late Willlam Jennings Bryan, but not the kind of referendum proposed by Senator Edge. —— Safety in Flying. Washington had a demonstration Thursday of the important part good judgment and composure play in mil- ita aviation, in the case of the big heavy bombing plane which was glided into the Potomac River by a naval avi- ator when the motor lost power on the take-off from the ground. Such exam- ples of good piloting, which occur reg- ularly in routine service fiying, but seldom find their way into the news- papers, boost the stock of safety in aviation higher and higher, and even- tually will correct the regrettable impression that a large majority of afrcraft accidents are due to the per- sonnel in the plane and not structural failure. Many a good airman of the Army, Navy and Marines has been killed for doing what Lieut. “Jimmie” Barner did not do Thursday. Acting in good faith and with the preservation of their plane placed above human life, these airmen have attempted to turn back to the field when motor trouble developed on the take-off. Invariably the planes plunged head-on into the ground, often bursting into flames and bringing instant death to those aboard. The explanation is that the airplane on the take-off has just enough speed barely to cling to the air. It fs almost at the point of stailing, and the slight- est diminution in the power of the en- gine will immediately vonvert the featherlike object into hundreds or thousands of pounds of dead weight. When a pilot finds his motor sput- tering or “cutting out” just after he leaves the ground and before he has sufficient altitude to attempt a return i to the field, it is a commendable feat 1to nose down, maintain flying speed and land straight ahead, no matter it differing only | when the big 700-horsepower engine He The water is no place for a land plane, but it is softer than the ground. Sub- sequent results bore out the good judg- ment of the pilot and served to strengthen the bellef that airplanes are not necessarily killing machines. Recommit the Bill! Recali by the House of Representa- tives of the bill, recently passed along with a number of others of the same character, providing for the construc- tion of a bridge across the Potomac River just above the District bound- ary, is but one of the moves that should be made to put this matter upon a proper status. The bill should be recommitted for further considera tion, and not permitted to lie upon the They cannot escape supervision by | “Speaker's table,” where it now rests. The meaning and merits of this bill Thus some of the truck service 18 un- | were not given that careful study in committee that any measure of this *ek | character requireg. A subcommittee of the Senate is now holding a hearing carriage between the States, whatever { on an identical bill, beginning today, the vehicle and motive power, on the land it is assured that the subject will be thoroughly examined, with oppor- tunity for all interests to present their views and arguments. Unless the House is willing to let the matter A civilian patrol to assist traffic po-|stand on the basis of the Senate com- compelling obedience to the au- | mittee's inquiry it should pursue the signals on Sixteenth | same course in order to acquaint itself through its committee with the merits of the proposition. This is more than a mere “bridge bill"” of the usual character. It is a part of a plan which vitally affects many interests and which is opposed with determination b; of people. 1t touches the interests of the government, the railroads and a developing residential community. It materially affects the welfare of the The manner in which it was Capital. ught to secure this legislation, with- out hearing and by inclusion with numerous other bills of the same gen- eral charact has now aroused i prejudice against it. Its proponents, therefore, should be willing to have the bill recommitted for an examina- tion such as that which is being made by the Senate subcommittee into the subj -——— Good behavior lightens the prison sojourn of “Big Tim” Murphy, Chi- +d worker and mail robber, by ear. And the demonstration s able to behave should 1 Cago Wi nearly a that he Wi Sir Oliver Lodge will resign from the Roval sfety rather than relin- quish his views as to the return of departed spirits, whose views and con- versation he no doubt prefers to thpse of his colleagues, anyhow. e Crime waves would lessen if it were as easy to put a man on trial for burglar it is to put a clergyman on trial for an honest though unusual opinfon Complaint is made that s ling au- tomobiles is o common and so profit able that those engaged in it threat- en to classify it merely crime, but as an industry. R as not Reindeer meat is expected from Alaska, but there is not much hope that there will be enough of it to lower the price of a sirloin steak or even a pork chop. ———ee et When perfected for general use, air- planes will have a great advantage over automobiles in not being so easy to steal. oz Astronomy is an accurate but the fact that Spring is her not in any way restrict the rema the Weather forecaster. —h————— SHOOTING STARS. JOHNSON BY PHILANDE “Spring! Gentle Spring Spring, gentle Spring, you now draw near And life once more will find repose. The skid chains soon will disappear And water pipes will not be froze. The furnace will not sound at morn As if attacked by demons bold. Our teeth won't chatter, all forlorn, Because the breakfast egg s cold. We need not wonder every night 1f carbon gas upstairs will creep And leave you in the morning light With good excuse to oversleep. Spring, gentle Spring, the songs you sing sweet; and yet what makes us gay Is not what you are going to bring, But what you're going to take away. Are No Weakening. pbody can be sight all the time.” Perhaps you're correct,” answered Senator Sorghum. “But it's not safe to admit any such thing if you want to stay in politics Trouble. } They say this life is like a song That's ended all too soon; A little static comes along And spoils a first-rate tune, Jud Tunkins says before he got a flivver he used to tell his troubles to a policeman. Now the policeman knows them first. o ’ The Luxurious Life, “How did you come to go to prison?"” “Well,” answered the bootlegger, “I needed a vacation. All the best hotels were crowded. So for first:cluss ac- commodations T had to go to a peni- tentiary.” Letter to the Teacher. Oh, please don't teach my dear boy evolution To bring a frown of sorrow to his brow. It is a much-suspected institution— Besides, he couldn't learn it anyhow. “I'l mebbe learn dis Charleston,” said Uncle Eben. ‘“‘Looks like it might broad system of Federal control. Ap-|it i8 in somebody's back yard or the | help you to git around safer on a slip- plication of the “interstate commerce’ river, The landing under these cir- pery day.” A How about a plate of fried mush for breakfast tomorrow morning! Corn, gift of the Great Spirit to the world, assumes no more interesting or appealing form than that of fried mush, piping hot from the pan. Here 1s a toothsome morsel, indeed: one hailed alike by young and old, with the exception of the dyspeptic, who does not welcome anything. Fried mush is the highest transmu- tation of our friend, King Corn. It is his apotheosis. A bowl of mush and milk is great. Corn on the cob s regarded by somo as even greater. Hominy, with butter and plenty of salt, is grand, from a gustatory "standpoint. Hominy grits is a better breakfast food than most that come to us in fancy packages. Corn ‘“cakes” are :mler than wheat cakes, in our opin- on. As for honest corn bread, there is something! But when all these forms of corn are considerad, and when each is given its due meed of praise, one {s almost com- pelled to admit that there is one greater, which is fried mush. Slices of mush, properly fried, golden brown in appearance, crunchy on the €dges, medium soft in the middle, are food fit for the gods. That we who inhabit the earth are glven to taste of such earthly am brosia 1s something over which we shall not cease wondering. * K ok X _Let others write of the League of Natlons, international amity, the state of Furope, which is always getting itself into some state or other, the condition of peoples as to employment and the lack thereof, etc., etc. We, knowing but little about such matters, will sing the praise of fried mush, and we will not be at all sur- prised to discover that nature, who must be somewhat tired of our quar- rels by this time, will give us the award after all! You see, corn meal mush is a natu- ral product, straight from the bosom of the Great Mother. It is the milk of grain, the nectar of the earth. For- merly It was more natural, even, than it is now, for then it crudely n water s i rough and re product that held its primeval taste. Corn meal today is finer even though the bag does picture of a water mill, and decl: in very I re letter: hat 4t Is re ground. Something of the old glory hits passed away, but from what does it not? Has there not been a bit of glory passing away from eversthing, Wordsworth put it, as we grew up And whose fault is it? . Why, ocur own, of course! The happy thing is that each generation that comes along starts out with its own fresh supply. The glory of the earth and all its product seems inexhaustible. and centuries pass away, and nations become rich, and their peoples sophisticated, and yvet new nations and new peoples start up with plenty of glory left to go around. ground, S0 we must regard this glorlous | product, corn meal. It may not be | quite as fine as it once was, but it is fine enough for a grand breakfast dish, even yet. Any one can recall the days of his THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. youth by the mple expedient of vVolcing a wish for fried mush for | breakfast. i “Fried mush! What earth do on vou want fried mush for?" “Well, I want it, just the same.” The Senate ha eived much en lightenment in the last two days, in onnection with the debate on the Wil lebt settlement, regarding the finan- {al and economic conditions in Italy. The speech of Senator Smoot, with | its exhaustive table of statistics, whose full significance cannot be | grasped without study, brought oui| surprising facts—such as that the Italians are now rivaling the Orfentals in their low standard of living, indi cated by the total cost in some re-| glons of only 2 cents a day per| capita, for subsistence, Then comds the high tax that Italians arve paying, as compared with the taxes in other ountri For comparison of income | taxes, it is noted that an income of | $50 a week in the United States es jes all income tax, but if such an income were imaginable in Italy it would be taxed $312.50 a_year; in Eng- land, $75.50; in France, $149.76; in de- feated Germany, $208. Mussolini has reduced the military budget to a lower figure than it had reached since the two years before the In 1912 the military expendi- amounted to in , $170,612,000; under 1923, it was only $151,6 1924, $161,865,000. Last ve: higher, nor is it running higher now, in spite of the recent threats of war to protect the T Prior to the war as 3) the amounted to 38 per cent of total e penditures; under Mussolini, 14 to 17 per cent. * £ k% While 12 cents a day for food is not the av but the extreme c low cost, the statistics discloss cording to Senator Smoot, skilled worker in the north of It must live on, roughly, §1.25 a d and there are many Ita south of Ttaly cents a day.” Yet, that is the people (40,000,000) now required to pay taxes, which wil bay the war debt, not only to_ the United States, but also to Great Brit- ain within 62 years. The debt to Great Britain is per cent more {han. the $2,042,000,000 due the United States. Secretary Mellon, in a letter to Senator Smoot, has stated that since Great Britain demands equivalent payments on her claim whenever Ttaly pavs the United States, it we demanded the same terms of settle- ment as we gave to Great Britain, it Would reqnire Italy to add $160,000,- 000 annually to her present tax bur- den. Mr. Mellon adds: "The present total of all Itallan taxes ls about $850,000,000 a vear. The present total of all American taxes is about §7,500,000000 a vear. ‘Adding $160,000,000 to the Italian taxes would be the same as adding §1,400,000,000 to taxation in America. +%5"¢ " The Italian people, how- ever, are mow so heavily tuxed in proportion to the national income that this additional tax would have forced them below the level at which lite can be supported. Such pay- ments today are impossible. ~We Would have made a China of Italy. YO S Ttaly could mot have paid, and such an insistence would have meant only that the United States Would have received nothing. * * * “The British-American settlement calls for an average annual payment enuivalent to 4.6 per cent of the total British budget of expenditures, the Belglan set‘lement 3.5 per cent and the Italian settlement to America alone 72 per cent, and to America and Grélt Britain'11.47 per cent of Italy's total budget expenditures. . . Surope is our largest customer. Unless ‘the finances of Europe can be restored, her currency placed on a BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. | Our exports to It sound basis, and her people able,to earn and to spend, this country will not be able to dispose of its surplus, of food material and goods. Our ex- The tracks are all laid. i Tomorrow morning we are going to have fried mush. The meal has been mixed up, with whatever you mix it with, and has been put in the big pan to “set” over night. All through the night, when the lit- tle birds are crooning in the trees, and the bugs are tuning up their wings for the hot months to come, the mush is “setting.” Firmer and firmer it becomes, until by 6:30 in the morning, the time that Harry Lauder hates to get up (accord- ing to his song), our mush is all ready for frying. We, upstairs, we can hear the fat sizzling in the frying pan. Having watched the process, out of curfosity once before, we can see the slab of mush being turned out of the pan. Out it slides. The knife is applied, and semi-thin slices fall to one side. The consistency of the mush is such that the slices can be easily lifted up and placed in the pan. Comes a stewing, then (as the “mov- fes” say), a great sound of breakfast being got in the land. The odor of fat comes to our sensi- tive nostrils. Soon this gives place to the smell of frying mush. In anticipation we see the slices of golden tan color, spread out on white china platter. We are now about ready to descend the stairs, and partake of that greatest of breakfast dishes—— Fried mush! EE As we sit down to table we can hear the slices still sizzling. ¥rom past ex- perience we know that each and slice is terribly hot. 1f there iything in the world hotter than of fried mush, it can be nothing more than molten steel. So we carefully impale a slice on our fork and lift him into our plate. A second slice follows the first. Our plate 18 now about full, so we proceed to cut the slices into small squares, in order to let some of that concentrated heat escape. Most mush needs plenty of salt. Ap- - it, therefore, not forgetting a bit butter on each segment just befure it is placed in the mouth. One might think the slices had enough grease on them already, and so they ave (too much, from some views), but a little butter helps bring out the corn flavor, so we will put it on, Now we are ready to partake. Wow! | at is hot. Blindly we grab for the glass of cold milk—ah, Yum, yum Experienced mush eaters always have Jass of cold milk handy. Tt | elps out in the pinches. It must er he forgot that fried mush is ne of the hottest substances in the world. Those who innocently attempt to eat it without some emergency relief present will rue the day, unless they are the proud possessors of copper- plated tongues and impervious mucus membrances Come we now (as the flip writers write) to the best part of it all. It is that the more fried mush one eats the more he nts and the more he can hold This astonishing phenomenon is unique in foodstuffs. Although small ourselves, we can easily eat of fried mush any morn- nd could hold another if the did not give out, which, fortu- nately for us, it does. Iy wer £185,000,- 000 and imports $75,000,000, = % * “The entire foreizn debt is not worth as much to the American peo ple in dollers and cents as | perous liurope as a customer * K ok % Senator Smoot pointed out that the settlement made by Great Brit- ain with Italy was far m than ours. e declared, “If Britain had insisted that Italy fund its debt on a basis pari passu with her agreement with us, she would have been required to pa Britain during the 62 y £3,347, 000,000 instead of $1,346,000,000, as compared with the $2400,000,000," the amount to be paid to the United * % K While the American Debt Commis- sion included representatives of both political and the commission s in fts approval of the proposed settlement, there will be op- ion in the debate on ratification. is forecast as based on the claim that Italy's ability to pay has ated, and that the settle precedent for all other tettlements, and that it will cost the American. taxpayer a loss. The proponents of the Ttalian terms answer that, si > settlement. is based on ability which, s judged by the earnings, taxes entaze of total expenditures particular nation, this really of the is, in prineiple, the basis for all set- tlement: But it is including Great Britain's. the principle, not the finai figures, that will be the pasis in each that she. basis France is being prosperous will be required to y the British terms, the figures given Upon warned that and abler to make more n least, * K % of unrest and of polit- inst Mussolini. Within the last four days it has been reported that an anti-Mussolini party, headed by a leading banker-statesman, was undertaking to gain the support of the army and navy and supplant the Faseisti, and that the King had de- claved that if Mussolini fell he would abdicate in favor of his son. All this is denied as a mere canard, and lead- ing Itallans in Washington say that Mussolini never was stronger in his seat as practical dictator, with full ap- proval of the King. For the first time in decades the Italian budget is bal- anced, under Mussolini, with an an- nual surplus of ahout $8,000,000. Re- ports that Mussolini had projects to outrival the grandeur of ancient Rome, create a Roman Empire supe- rior to that of the Caesars, with sky- seraper buildingg which would dwart those of New York, are denounced as too absurd to require official contra- diction. (Copyright, 1926, by Paul V. Coliins.) et Not Matrimonial. From the Oakland Tribune, The severance tax we are hearing about these days relates to the lum- ber industry. It has naught to do with alimony. B Provocative. ¥rom the Evansville Courier. Just as things were beginning to grow -a bit dull everybody has a chance to argue about that prohibi- tion poll, - e Old Stuff. | district of T ¥rom the San Bernardino Daily Sun. The Department of Agriculture has decided that lightning rods have ports to Belgium last year were value after all. Politicians knew thai $114,000,000 and imports $66,000,000.long ago. u THE LIBRARY TABLE By the Booklover. “Adult education’ is a phrase that one meets with increasing frequency. There was a time when it was rather senerally supposed that education was confined to youth, or at least ended with school days. But it is now com- ing to be recognized that school in- struction and education are not synon- omous; indeed, that the school at best helps to develop the aptitude for edu- cation, but certainly does not furnish a completed education, which must later be gained by the individual dur- ing a lifelong effort to become pro- gressively educated. A keen and im- presslve analysis of “Education for Adults,” by Dr. Frederick P. Keppel, president of the Carnegie Corporation, s the leading article in the April num- ber of the Yale Review. Dr. Keppel characterizes the students who ara in elementary and secondary schools, tolleges, universities and technical schools as professional educational soldiers and those who get their edu- cation in their s time as the militia, the! latter o and impor- tant group, almost completely neg- lected by the educational general staff with no proper appreciation of thed numbers or quality or of their grow- ing importance in the changing social and economic conditions or of their normal place In a well rounded na- tional life. In this group he includes the students in commercial corre- spondence schools, those attending art-time and continuation schools, udents in university extension classes, in Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A ses'and labor colleges, agricultural institutes, ete. He does not overlook the importance of the movies. or the newspapers and magazines, He con clude: all in all ucation for adult, now hecome one of, our ma Jor industries.” The trouble is not that we have no adult education, but hat it has grown up outside of the best educational traditions and so lacks proper guidance and control and for the most part is too much alized, too predominantly vo- tional, without sufficient for consecutive cultural through “lack of proper contact tween our educatidnal leadership and adult education.” Lacking such demic leadership, so far as cultur education for adults is concerned, Dr. Keppel goes on, “the museums of ar and sclenc 1 educa tional programs of great rest. haps miost nt of all, the fean public . the country over, has made for itself a place in educa- hich is unique in the history of 1. Bt the re: iy ms of the libraries, use 5 . e, necess: miss one g elerment in the 1d that is the e of education, lenmient of discussion Wiy must be found to fit the s contribution into the parts of the educational offering S Dr. Keppel's article, which has leen quo and summarized in part, is based on studies made by the fn of the Carnegie Corporation Ju:"n'(l s to wh cen made by the corporation. Among the latter is the American Lihl"l]'; Association, which has a commission on the library and adult education. That commission has published se eral valuable bulleting giving the re sults of its findings, but of more in h grants have terest to the general reader is the serles of booklets entitled “Reading With a Purpose ing and study p aut o interestingly ommending the itten and each 8ix or most important books on the ot covered. Thus far 12 titles have been issued. Some of them have already been nmented in this column, £ those si0logy,” by Vernon Kellogg, of the Natlonal Research Coun cll, and on “Peychology and Its Uses,” Ly Lverett Dean Martin. Some the other titles include “Fnglish Lit ure,” by at Amert Lore Sharp; to Music Lovers,” by M “Confliets in’ American ¥ Williara Allen Whi »ur Children ife of Christ,” by . Jones, and “Religion in yday Life,” by Wilfre Gren- fell. ~ These booklets each contain from 30 to 75 pages, so written as to form zn introduction fo the s ject and at the same time to arouse in the reader a desire to carry on by way of the recomm nded books. rious than most of his other novels, also, of signifl- cant, is Knut recently slated novel, quel to Its humorous treatment of an town will < be better enjoyed than the darker pictur: d tragedy in funger,” “The Growth of the Soil, 'Segelfoss Town'" and “Childr the Age.” The story of “Rosa’ opens in the northern en, where Knut Ham- Jived in his childhood. is the daughter of the sy of the neighboring parish to iding station of Sirilund, who ed and left home, but comes back sometimes to visit and then comes over to vilund. Before her marriage she been engaged to Benonl Hartvigsen, one of the two owners of Sirilund and all its und industries. Her visits to cause Hartvigsen to drvess more Iy and give himself the airs of a gen tleman, with the result t he inter- ests Rosa married more than he in- terested Rosa single. Her husband, absent in the south, proves easy dispose of—Norwegian divorce seem as convenient as those of some of our States—and soon Rosa has be- gun life over again. An art student visiting Hartvigsen and a baroness contribute to the very simple intrigue. The description of the baroness' ta- ble manners is a sample of the hu. morous realism of the style. *“She began by picking up something to clean her nails with. Pastor Barfod, who was sitting next to her, saw it id immediately turned his eyes away. She stuck her elbow on the table when putting anything into her sun himself Rosa man the t has n % mouth. When she drank I could hear the wine gurgling inside her from my place across the table. She cut up her whole helping of meat be: fore she began to eat it; when the cheese was served I noticed time after time that she spread more butter on her bread after she had bitten it; in- deed she spread the butter just where her teeth had been—no, never had I seen such manners in my home. And after the meal she had little hiccups and puffed out her cheeks as though the food was coming up again.” Very different manners from those of Chaucer’s prioress, who “let no mor- sel from her lips fall, nor wet her fingers in her deep sauce." Crimp in Wildcat Insurance. From the Rock Island Argus. It is being demonstrated that there is such a thing as blue-sky insurance as well as blue-sky stocks. A man who carried an accident policy in a casualty concern of Philadelphia was drowned in August, 1924. He had been under the impression that in the event of his accidental death his widow would receive $5,000. That impression was abundantly justified by the wording of the policy, but the company, contesting the claim, de- clared its liability was only $100, standing upon the letter of the policy. The case got into the courts, and Federal Judge Ferris, sweeping the pleadings of the company aside as ' and “caleulated to de- celve rded the widow $5,000 with interest and costs, and went further on record with the statement that “a policy of this sort should not, by consent of the courts, be allowed to run at In the commercial world! ANSWERS TO Q. What place do wheat products have 'lsn the total of food consumed? A. It has been calculated that wheat flour bread and crackers, pas- try and similar products constitute 19 per cent of the total food of the average American family, furnishing about 27 per cent of the total pro- tein, 6 per cent of the total fat and 46 per cent of the total carbohydrates. They contain a high percentage of starch and may be profitably com- bined with materials rich in protein, meat, cggs, etc., to form a well bal- anced diet, Q. Why do we get our coldest wenther after the sun begins to trav. el north? . M. T. A. The Naval Observatory says while it is true that in the Northern Hemisphere the maximum difference between the hedt lost at might and that gained by day oceurs about De- cember 21, it is also true that there is more lost at night than gained by day for some time after that. In other words, one might say ‘that the Northern Hemisphere cools off most rapidly about December 21, but still continues to cool off after that time, though more slowly Q. Did the Indians have any gen- eral name for themselves before the white men came?—! A. The Indian O ays that the Indians before the white men came had no general name Sometimes men’ in their they called themselv own language. The tribes knew each other by the tribe names Q. Why is the statue of Venus of Milo always miade without -arms?— HY When the statue of Venus was discovered 1 the Island of Melos, both arms were broken off. No one knows what position the arms origi- nally held. Q. From what is grenadine made?— E. B. Mc A. It is made from the pomegran- ate. The juice, when cooked with an equal amount of sugar, produces a beautiful red-colored sirup, which is reatly improved by the addition of a littke lemon sirup. This serves to bring out the aromatic flavor and in wse the acidity. A sirup of this nature constituted e original grena- dine sirup, much used in Europe in the preparation of soft drinks. Q. When was the flintlock rifle invented?—H. O. W. A. It was known in Spain as early s 1600, but it was not brought into neral military use for about a cen- tury Q. What author is known as the “American Scott”?—C. A. P. A. James Fenimore Cooper has been g0 called. Q. What tnduced England to im- EVA.—Viewed In calmer retro- how shall one interpret in terms of ecotemporary Kuropean conditions the recent assembly of the League of BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. TRAGEDY AND At the League of Nations Session. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS QUESTIONS pose a stamp act on the American colonies?—M. G. G. A. It s related that the profuse display of jewelry and silverware in the homes of prominent New Yorkers incited Townshend to introduce the historic stamp act Q. How fast aid steamboat travel up M. M. A. Fulton's steamboat, the Cle: mont, made about 5 miles per ho on its trip up the Hudson to Albauy. Q. Did the ancient Romans drink beer?—S. . A. Pliny, who is the earliest writer to mention beer, describes it as scorned by the Roman citizens, who looked down upon it as fit only for barbarfans, and he thought it “a mo! sinful drink than wine.” Q. How far is the usual distance to the trap?—J. L. A. The National Rifie Associatio says that the standard rise is 16 vards from the firing pofnt to the trup. Robert Fulton’s the Hudson?- hooting Q. When will Congress adje Can visitors attend the meetings Reader. A. No time has been set for a Journment, but it is thought that will come some time late in May o r early in June. All sessions sare open to the public except executive ses sions, Q. What kind of wood is used for bows and arrows’—R. J. A. In this country Pacifi considered the most satisfact tive wood for bows. Osage orange is also desirable, but:both of these woode ure scarce Foreign woods that are often used are eenhenr and wych elm. Arrows are made of red pine, eastern s Douglas fir. Q. What are tortillas>—R. I. D A. Tortillas are large round cake of popular consumption in . They are made by soaking corn gr: until soft, then crushing t paste, zenerally by worl with a roller or sin on a large stone und shaping ther ‘nto the desired size and cooking iron or earthen plate Find out whatever wouw want Enow. There is no room. for ignorar in this busy world. The person win loses out is the one who guesses. person who gets on is always the o who acts upon reliable inforniatic This paper employs Frederic J. Ha kin conduct an information bu reau in Washington for the of the public. There is no chargr cept 2 cen?s in stamps for re postage. Write to him today f facts wow desire. Address T ning Ktar Information Bureau, F' eric J. Haskin, director, Washing ton, 1. C. to COMEDY happily, on the eve of t session Briand and could ¢ come to Geneva for a mom then return to construct a new g Nations which in its tragic moments recalled the Paris peace conference and, in its more humorous phase: the last Democratic national conven- tion Certainly one must see at the out- set that a staggering blow has been dealt to the prestige of the league itself. Under the strain of the real in the presence of the first real ,pportunity, its machinery has mnot serely proved inadequate to resolve the crisis between the Locarno powers | growing out of the Franco-German clash over Poland. but later, when | this crisis was resolved without | league assistance, the league | chinery became one impassable stacle 1o all final adjustment desired by all parties to the controversy. Lo- carno was the first great step in the political readjustment of Europe. To complete it there is a necessary refer- ence to Geneva and the entrance of | Germany into the league. But what | no more than a ma- | ob- was to have been formality tending to emphasize again | the great contribution to peace of | Locarno has at Geneva resulted in conflicts without limit and disclosed the fundamental fact that when great nations disagree the league can do nothing, and the not less important circumstance that even when they agree the machinery of the league be emploved to block understand- ing. At Geneva we had, to be sure, not one crisis but many. There was the & resulting from gencral Buropean 1d between ance and the crisis with- from exter igue resulting s in Europe. Finally, there was the interior cri: within the league resulting from the aspirations of several small states to sit in per- manent seats on the council. To understand the whole situation one must look back briefly at various of the affair. At Locarno it s agreed to make the German en- trance into the league the final step in the realization of the 1 s there, signed in the interests of European ce. Germany herself agreed to this while imposing the reasonable condition that she should be admitted a great power and thus have i it on the council. At this end a special session of the Assembly of the League was convoked for the express Germany at purpose of admitting once. This was the business, the sole business, of the league. Meantime, however, there had been a deplorable relapse from the fu famed spirit of Locarno. The man press and public men had begun to afirm for Germany benefits under the pacts which were not included specifically, and the mere mention of which alarmed the French. France on her side, reacting to this German movement, proposed that the Council of the League should be expanded from 11, with Germany included, to 14, with Poland, Spain and perhaps Brazil. * oK K K But what the French really aimed at was getting Poland in before GeY- many, once admitted, should be able through its veto for all time to ex- clude. Poland. For this extension and for Poland, Sir Austen Chamberlain rather rashly gave his approval. But instantly the Germans, for whom Po- Jand s an enemy, broke into loud pro- test and Dr. Luther, the German chancellor, declared that Germany would come into the league alone or not at all, since this was her right under Locarno, and any packing of the council was at once an insult and | no little courage ment. In those days of his absence 1o one ¢ 3 parties to the contre the situation bec bit ed. mans held firmly to their positi Briand could now un n stances abandon Pol with collapse of his ne st hi was shaky in the extrem 1 took, therefore, with very wreat to find solution, and a result of wn_adroitness put the responsibility for the deadlock upon the Germans b getting them into the position of ¢ fusing compromises By the end of the first week t Germans had to decide whether they would go home, thus breaking up the whole affair, or accept some compro mise, which amounted to agreeing to some device by which Poland w get o seat on the counc ! siven by ¢ h and Stresemann situation, Luthe cepted in principle device which they held to their main tention that the councl of the 1 should retain its numbers as th isted in the Locarno period, through the resignation of more membe and Czechoslor a ney would for Poland. by but one o the council, Sweden akia, as it tur become * * All this was settled by 2 the whole atmosphere cle meantime there had been many vulsions within the league. Sw as a member of the ecounc ercised its right veto, sir council must act by unanimity, i« pose any expansion of the num of the council, thus hloc French proposal to let in thr members and bestow tpon them manent seats, This action of Swe den represented a certain sympaths with the Germans, but at bottoin simply voiced the protest of many smaller states against o delib ate flooding of the council with 1 tions which would be responsive to the greut powers. Sweden cham pioved the principle that the coun should not be vehicle of the gre: powers and that the position of the smuller states should not be compio mised. Holland, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland and other nations b the Bwedes. In making their point the Swedes advanced no personal claim. But once & veto had been suggested, Spain interposed and declared that she would veto the German entrance if she were not awarded the per- manent. seat long promised her, and that, having veto Germany, she would quit the league. Italy more or less unofficially indicated that she might veto Germany if Foland were not admitted and then, to the utter surprise of all, Brazil came forward with a categorical declaration th she would veto Germany unless she ‘were awarded a permanent seat. The league machinery now became un- manageable because of the interior politics of the league itself. * Kk ok K After frantic, hectic conferences and debates all vetoes save that of Brazil were removed, but despite efforts this could not be abolished and therefore you had the amazing spectacle of ali the great powers of Europe agreed upon a solution which would permit the entrance of Ger many int6 the league and the com- pletion of the greatest single step to- ward European appeasement taken since the war, namely, the Locarno o an injury. Battle was then joined, but it was instantly complicated by uprising of the Britfsh press and public opinion against Chamberlain and in favor of the German thesis. Germany was thus encouraged to go on, but Frenchy'| as well as German, prestige was en- gaged, and neither could retire with- out defeat. And in the existing situa- tion both In Germany and in France the respective cabinets seemed cer- tain to fall if they surrendered their positions. i * % k% i It was in this atmosphere that the TLeague of Natlons assembled, with the universal realization that a battle between France and Germany im- pended, and that Britain was divided, pact, but powerless because one South American state insisted that it should have a permanent seat at the same. time as Germafly, failing which it would veto the whole solution. European peace ‘then hecame the pawn of a South American republic which possessed n veto lever. Thus Geneva ended the most unbe lievable farce imaginable. When the first crisis was over, the only thing that the league as such was capable of doing was holding an open session to discuss an appropriation for a new building. V. ‘en the last act was end- ing, German;,.which had come to be admittéd, was represented by Luther and Stresemann sitting in their hotel listening to Briand's speeches at the league sesafon over the radio. . - (Copyrisht, 1026.) o ————