Evening Star Newspaper, February 23, 1926, Page 4

P THE EVENING BTAR, WASHINGTON, D. O, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1926. ‘ _—— e e DEANS OF WOMEN HOLD 3 MEETINGS Problems of High School and " College Courses for Girls Discussed. The department of deans of wom- en, National Education Association, heid five meetings this morning and afternoon at the Wardman Park Hg- tel and heard addresses from more than 15 educators. The morning session was divided into four sections—university, college, normal school and teachers’ collego and high school, while the afternoon gathering was given over to general business. Speaking on the subject *‘The High School Dean—Her Varied Oppor- tunity for Service,” Mlss Margaret M. Alltucker, assistant director, re- search division of the National Edu- cation Association, likened the dally schedule of classes in any one of the great cosmopolitan high schools to “a great educational cafeteria with s0 many educational viands set forth that the incoming freshman needs uidance In the selection of a well lanced menu.” Uses No Text Book. The dean, declared Miss Alltucker, uses no text book, “but her teaching 1s the most difficult of all the lessons taught in our high schools and col- leges—namely, the development of right attitudes and ideals. “Business houses find it profitable to employ directors of personnel to meet the individual problems of their employes. 1f grown men and women need such assistance, how much more do high school boys and girls need guldance and the help that comes from knowing that some one is per- eonally interested in them, and that this person’s specific job is helping individual students solve their par- ticular problems.” Miss Alltucker’s address was before the high school section. To ascertain “the aspiration of the candidate toward the intelllctul'.l life, his concern for spiritual values,” was set forth as the chief aim of the personal _interview me.hod of select- ing candidates for college by Dean Raymond Walters of rthmore Col- lege before the college section. An- other aim was given as finding out “how well the candidate knows what he knows best.” Dean Waiters said his study of reg- istration s.atistics has shown that collegin'e attendance has increased 18 per cent in the past five years. In the problem of determining what can- didates to admit out of the grea number who apply, the method of the personal interview is valuable for the small college and for the professional schools of the large universities. At Swarthmore, he added, where there are four to six times as many appli- cants as can be accepted, the inter- viewing by facuity members of those having excellent school records has proved effective. Tralning of Women. Too many women are assuming or being forced into public positions for which they are utterly unfitted by any previous training, Miss Laura H. Car- nell, Temple University, Philadelphia, told the university section. “It seems peculiarly important,” she declared, “that just now many young women should take such courses as will pre- pare them for a clear understanding of the world's problems, 'so that when they assume positions of leadership they shall be prepared for them. Whether we are to send women forth as trained leaders from our colleges or not, de- pends not so much upon the subject matter taught as on the way we teach our students to approach and handle subject matter, as to whether we are giving them a chance to think for themselve: “Recent scholarly investigations in- to the failure of higher education to check the crime waves of the present day show that educators have begun to appreciate the importance of a bal- anced development in the human be- ing,” Harriet Sartaln, dean of the Philadelphia School of Design for ‘Women, declared before the afternocon wession. Dean Sartaln said: “Definite train- ing in the appreciation of beauty, if it is to function properly in the ad- vancement of human happiness, must be considered as a vital part in the normal training of a child and not re- served for the talented few, or con- eidered merely as an accomplishment for leisure hours. SCHOOL VENTILATION CHANGE ADVOCATED Yale Expert Wants Artificial Sys- tems Abandoned for Natural Method. Abandonment of mechanical £ys- tems of ventilation in classrooms and admitting fresh alr by the windows over deflectors which control drafts was recommended to the National Council of Education, meeting this afternoon in the Hotel Powhatan, by C. E. A. Winslow of the Yale School of Medicine and chairman of the New York State Commission of Ventila- tion. Mr. Winslow declared it is generally agreed that the fan systems of mechanical ventflations now re- quired by law in many citfes often fail to attain satisfactory ideal.” Mr. Winslow’s plan, he said, has been approved by the American Pub- Uo Health Association and has been given a thorough test by the New York State Commission on Ventila- tion. E. 8. Evenden, professor of educa- tlon, Teachers’ College, Columbla Uni- versity, declared “the public must de- ctde whether it wishes the teachers in its elementary schools to have two or four years of training above the com- pletion of the high school.” F. B. O'Rear of the State Teachers’ College, Bpringfield, Mo., stated that registrars in schools for training teachers now are performing nearly all types of administrative duties other than those of president.” Thomas D. Wood, Columbia Univer- sity, reported for the joint committee on health problems in education and other addresses were given by Ed- mund Prince Fowler, New York Uity; Mary McSkimmon, president, National Education Assoctation, Brookline, C. Schmidt, American iation, Chicago; John A. ew York City, and Charles president, State Teachers® College, Ypsilanti, Mich. BARON BYNG IS SILENT. Has Not Stated Whether He Will Berve Again as Canada’s Governor. LONDON, February 28 (#).—Baron Byng of Vimy has not yet notified the British government whether he will accept an invitation, already extended to him, to serve another term as Gov- ernor General of Canada, but it is un- derstood that in the event of his re- fusal Earl Beatty will be prominent among the candidates. While the Duke of York, King George's second son, is being consid- ered, it is sald to be unlikely that he Wil serve at this time. “WHO’S WHO” OF N. E. A. REVEALS WOMEN HOLD IMPORTANT POSTS Miss Mary McSkimmon, President, Has Remarkable Record in Education; Thumb-Nail Sketches of Other Leaders Given. BY ALICE ROGERS HAGER. The span of 1925-1926 is “woman’s year” {n the councils of the N. E. A. It is only recently that the plan of alternating the presidency of the asso- soclation between the man and the woman members was adopted, but it already has proved itself a model for other joint organiza- tions. And the position of presi- dent of 158,103 teachers is no small matter. Miss Mary McSkimmon, the present in- cumbent, draws her delegates from local groups in every State in the Unlon, from jpjee McSkimmon. Alaska, from the Canal Zone, from Guam, Hawaii, the Philippines, Porto Rico, from the Virgin Islands. And this year there are 171 members listed as “foreign.” No small job! . Miss McSkimmon is remarkable for many qualities of mind and executive ability, but the thing her associates best like to tell about is her real and unswerving devotion to the welfare of the child itself. Through her many years of teaching experience, with all the honors that have come to her and with all the arduous duties attendant upon them, she has kept her direct contact with the children in her own school and her classwork with them. For 25 years she has been principal of the Pierce Grammar School in Brook- line, Mass., and it was here in 1895 that she helped inaugurate the Brook- line Education Society, one of the earleist parent-teacher organizations in the United States. Her great alm in lite, as she says, was in “helping other teachers to see. I felt that doing my own job successfully was the best way to accomplish that.” Headed State Teachers. Miss McSkimmon has held many positions of responsibility before com- ing to her present one. For five years, the full legal term, she was at the head of the Massachusetts State Teach- ers. She has studied continuously; has lectured at Wellesley, at Boston University, and at the Normal schools near her home. She has published numerous magazine articles, and_is the co-author of “Citizenship and Pa- triotism.” This past year, in her of- ficlal capacity, she has traveled all over the country, lecturing and study- ing_problems at first hand. : Next to Miss McSkimmon on the roster of officers stands the name of J. W. Crabtreee, executive secretary since 1917 of the National Education Assoclation, Mr. Crabtree came to Washington from the Middle West, having been born in Ohio; geting his M. A. from the University of Nebraska in 1908; and weaving in and around the various stages of his work as a student his own teaching. been a city superintendent of schools, & high school principal, instructor at his own university, State high school inspector, President of the Peru State Normal and the one in River Fall Wis.; State superintendedt for braska, president of the Nebraska State Teachers’ Association, member of the National Council of Education and the National Academy of Science. And with all this, he has found time for the writing of many books, pam- phlets and reports. He has been a great organizer, and it is to his skillful and continuous guidance that the astonish- ing growth of the National Education Assoclation from a membership of only 8,557 in 1918 to nearly 160,000 in 1826 is largely due. Turning to the board of trustees, we find the name of Carroll G. Pearse, an- other pioneer. Mr. Pearse is one of the men who gives the exponents of the theory of teaching being fit “‘only for women and he-ladies” the lie direct. Judging by his general bigness and the amount he has accomplished in the short lifetime so far, Mr. Pearse should be able to hold his own in any sort of an argument. He is the type of person who chooses teaching be- cause he loves it and recognizes it as probably the most vital profession out of many that are indispensable. Ac- cording to “Who's Who,” he has been a city school superintendent in Omaha, Nebr., and in Milwaukee; a lecturer nd Instructor in normal schools in Neobraska, Dakota, Montana, Michl- gan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and elsewhere, and president of the Mil- waukee State Normal from 1918 until 1 when he joined forces with a large publishing house in Chicago. He was one of the group instrumental in bringing the N. E. A. from Ann Arbor to Washington in 1917. He was its president In 1912. Miss Williams Notable. Another past president is Miss Charl Ormand Willlams, formerly superin- tendent of schools in Shelby County, Tenn., which includes Memphis. Her realization of the | needs of her schools sent her into politics, and through her de- voted efforts much favorable legislation was secured in her State, including a large increase in the budget for education _ there. In 1920, she was sent to the Demo- cratic convention in San Francisco as the first na- tional committee woman in either party. She was later a vice chairman of the national Democratic committes. Her great work for suffrage climaxed in her chairmanship of the Tennessee ratifi- catfon committee, which swung that State into line on the nineteenth amendment, and in her office here hangs the only original State docu- ment outslde of the State archives, a Auplicate of the ratifying order, sign- ed by the governor and presented to her by bim. At present, Miss Wil- liams s the first woman to act as field_secretary for the N. E. A., hav- ing ‘been appointed in 1923. In addi- tion to this, she has been in charge of the education bill for the past three and a half years, as chairman of the subcommittee of the woman's joint congressional committee. This is the bill that would co-ordinate the educa- tional activities of ‘the Federal Gov- ernment under & department of edu- cation, with a secretary at its head who would be a member of the cab- inet. the honorary degree of doctor of literature conferred upon her by Southwestern at Memphis. Joy Elmer Morgan, director of the division of publications and editor of the Journal, also hails from Nebras- ka, having taken his degres at the State university there, and another from the State Library School in 1920. He turned his hand to teaching for awhile, and was superintendent of ! schools in Bloomington, Nebr., and in |Guide Rock; 1917-1918 saw him at Camp MacArthur as camp librarian, and from there, in 1919, he was called to Washington to be assistant to_the. acting director of the Library War Service. In 1920 he was made editor of the Journal, and in 1921 added to this a contributing_editorship on the staff of the Child Welfare Magazine. He has done much writing for gen- MISS WILLIAMS. v He has| Miss Willlams has recently had | eral and educational periodicals other than his' own, and has been co-editer of a book, “Selected Articles on Mu- nicipal Ownership,” and editor of an- other, “Selected Articles on Free Trade and Protection.” During the school year of 1923-1924 the publications of the N. E. A, under his guidance, ex- ceeded 108,000,000 pages. ‘The first classroom teacher to be appointed directly from that position to the executive staff of the asso- clation is Miss Ag- nes 8. Winn, direc- tor of classroom service. Miss Winn was teaching in 3eattle, Wash., un- til 1922, and was active there in the Washington Edu- cation Association, a member of the legislative council and the editorial council of the Na- tional. For two years she headed the Seattle Grade Teachers’ Cluband she has been peatedly on the programs at national conferences. In her work now she assists local assoclations in the planning of their annual programs; stimulates interest in the Natlonal's projects and answers the many and varied ques- tions that come in from teachers all over the country. She is first vice president of the Washington Sorop- timists and recording secretary of the League of American Pen Women, District branch, which means, of course, that she is a writer as well as an educator. And she is also a member of the woman's joint con- gressional committee. Has Imposing Title. Back of the present convention, managing its intricate and volumi. nous detalls, stands Sherwood Dodge Shankland, with the impressive title of administrative service and secre- tary of the department of superin- tendence. If the delegates who come to comfortable hotel rooms by the thousands in an already well fllled city; who find their numerous meet- ings at the places allocated at the time set; who find exhibit after ex- hibit waiting for them, and the mass of business detail running with a smoothness and precision that makes them seem negligible, would _sit down and do a little calculating, they would have some idea of the prepa- ration r.ade for them. And Mr. Shankland has been doing this since 1923. Before that he had been a teacher, too, having first taken de- grees at Western Reserve and Teach- ers’ College, at Columbla. He was superintendent of schools at Wil- loughby, Ohlo, from 1896 until 1900, general manager of the Andrews' In stitute for Girls from 1909 till 1922, with a break back in 1906 (that lasted unt{l 1911) as member of the Ohio House of Representatives. And he was a trustee of the Ohio State Nor- mal College until he resigned to come to Washington with the department of superintendence. (GITES ADVANTAGES ' OF CONSOLIDATEDS Minnesota Educator Declares Plan Is Better Than Old Rural School Idea. MISS AGNES WYNN An Indorsement of consolidated schools and a plea for specially trained teachers for the rural schools, were made today by George A. Selke of the University of Minnesota and Vera M. Telfer, helping teacher, Belvidere, N. J., before the department of rural edu- cation, State supervisors of rural schools section, at a meeting in the Interfor Department Auditorium. “‘Consolidated schools perform serv- ices that will otherwise not be ac- complished,” said Mr. Selke. “These services are usually providing a bet- ter education than can be given by the one-teacher schools which are dis- placed, offering rural children educa- tional opportunities comparable to those urban children have, or having educational institutions that better serve the enlarged rural community of the present day. Arguments Are Answered. “We have passed from the propa- ganda period of consolidation to that of evaluation. A mere statement of the advantages of the centralized school no longer passes unchallenged. To the arguments that the consoli- dated school means better teachers, longer terms, better attendance, trans. portation of puplls, improved physical conditions and the like, there {s the contention that such a comparison is between a good consolidated school and a poor one-teacher school. Poor teachers, short terms, lack of trans- portation, irregular attendance, harm- ful physical conditions, and the like, while more common among one- teacher schools, are not inherent in them.” Miss Telfer sald any one who has really taught in a one-teacher school knows what a difficult, complex job it is—the most difficult in the whole educational system. The teacher has the responsibility of making good citizens of from § to 50 boys and girls, varying in size, intelligence and dis- Pposition, ranging in age from 5 to 15 or 16 years. She s expected to teach everything from first grade to eighth grade. She must be her own princi- pal, janitor, nurse, lbrarian, physi- cal training director—everything, . in fact. Quite a big job for one person. Cites Supervisors’ Dutles. “Because of the complexit: ) position to be flled, grent eate shoutg be taken In the selection of the | teachers,” Miss M. Theresa Wicdefeld, |assistant State supervisor of ele | mentary schools of Maryland, said, “The supervisor, as a teacher of teachers, must consider the following: Problems of the group, and of the individual teachers and ways and means of solving these problems. She needs to know how to determine the main objectives for the year and how to plan procedures in the light of the objectives. She must know how to present new material to the teachers, how to drill teachers in principles and procedures which need to be auto- matic, and how to help teachers apply principles to thelr own situations St S Missing Man Found in iolpiul. Anxious to locate Willlam P. Nolin, resident of Manchester, N. H., a per- sonal friend, Representative Wasson of New Hampehire, appealed to the police to make an effort to find him. It was known that Nolin had cut his hand while working on his automobile on the way here from Florida and had gone to a hospital. Relatives were un- able to locate him, however, and had Mr. Wasson appeal to the police. The. sick man was located in Georgetown University Hospital. I 3 EMPHASIZES VALUE OF KINDERGARTEN Teacher Says Child Can Be Studied Best in Its Pri- mary Years. Asserting there was a time in the history of educatlon in this country when research and constructive think- ing were left to specialists or to per- sons in authority over teachers, Julla [ L. Hahn, supervisor of kindergarten and primary grades, San Francisco public schools, told a mesting of the National Council of Kindergarten Su- | pervisors at the Mayflower Hotel this |afternoon that “it is now generally 1 recognized that the many problems of ; modern education must be solved in | the classrooma.” Miss Hahn was followed by F. J. i Kelly, dean of administration, Univer- nhzfianf Minnesota, who declared: “A ol without playmates and without prac- tice In overcoming his selfish habits without risking the possiblilities of ever developing his altruism. “This tendency can be more effec- tively overcome in the kindergarten and primary years than at any other time,” sald Mr. Kelly. “Men are just the lesson of co-operation by finding ways of dining together in dining clubs, playing together in golf clubs and in other ways learning to know one another as men rather than as business rivals.” { The meeting also was addressed W. W. Charters, University of Chi- cago, and Zenos E. Scott, superintend- ent of schools, Springfield, Mass. SPEAKER STRESSES NEED OF RESEARCH Says Universities Should Turn Searchlight on Own Activities. “Although the universities have al- ways been the home of research, they have been exceedingly slow to turn the searchlight of research upon themselves,” F. J. Kelly, dean of ad- ministration of the University of Min- nesota, declared this afternoon in an address before the National Soclety of College Teachers of Education, meeting in Corcoran Hall. Mr Kelly sald: “Standards of meas- urement have been devised to check up the work of the elementary schools, and to some extent the high schools, but to almost no extent have these things been applied to college. No unit of the educational system is more in need of research concerning its own organization, administration and methods of teaching than is the college. Falls Under Three Heads. “Noted research falls under three distinct heads. We need research to determine the values of the activities engaged In by students ouside of the classroom. It is charged that stu- dents get credits in their classroom, but get their education outside. We need to have some method of deter- mining the extent of truth of such a statement. We need measures of achievement. ““These are along the lines of those aims worked out. Almost noth- ing has been done so far to determine such measures. We need research in the financial administration of higher education. We need studles of cost analysls, such as the one made by Mr. Stevens of the University of ‘Washington and Mr. Elliot of Purdue University.” Fundamental Studies Toplec. Charles H. Judd of the University of Chicago made a plea for funda- being “necessary to find out the kind of consclous processes that are in- duced in pupils by arithmetic, read- ing, handwriting and the other school subjects.” Thoms H. Briggs of the Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York City, declared the primary need in secondary education is for an ac- ceptable philosophy rather than for Michigan; Ernest Horn, University of Towa, and Fletcher H. Swift, Univer- sity of California, also spoke. | DECLARES TEACHING IS GREATEST ASSET Costly Plant Does Not Make School, Maryland Supervisor Says. “The finest thing any school can show s not palatial buildings, eor enormous enroliment, or park-like grounds, or costly equipment, but good teaching,” Samuel M. North, State supervisor of high schools, Bal- timore, Md., declared in an address today before the National Association of High School Inspectors and Super- visors, meeting in the National Hotel. “‘High school instruction needs su- pervision at least as effective as the supervision of elementary school in- struction,” he added. “It is a matter of common knowledge that the ele- mentary school method is far superior to high school teaching procedure. Elementary school teachers have had normal school training, including prac- tice teaching, for several generations: high school teachers have had train- ing in general and special methods for barely one generation, but with practically no opportunity for prae- tice teaching.” Joseph S. Stewart, professor of secondary education, University of Georgla, said the rural child today is not satisfled with a common school education and “this is a just demand, and the State should provide the opportunity.” J. T. Giles, State high school super- visor of Wisconsin, also spoke. NEBRASKA “BREAKFAST.” Educators Arrange Affair at Wil- lard Tomorrow for Native Sons. Nebraska educators in. attendance at the National Education Convention will give a breakfast at the New Wil- lard Hotel tomorrow morning at 7:45 o'clock. A large number of reserva- tions have already been made, includ- ing the 80 delegates from Nebraska. The Nebraska Club of this city also will supply an additional number to those who have registered already. All local Nébraskans and former Ne- braskans in the city are invited. Reservations should be made with E. M. Hosman, secretary of the Ne- braska State Teachers'™ Association, Room 210, Raleigh Hotel. M. C. Lef- ler, superintendent of schools at Lin- coln, will preside. Nebraska Senators and Repressatatives may not be allowed to go along |, psychological and soclological invest- | gations, in which aims are defined and | measures of achievement in terms of | mental studies which he described as | research. §._A. Courtis, University of | |URGES SUPPORT OF RURAL SCHOOLS Speaker Discusses Duty of State Toward All Phases of Education. The outstanding need of rural edu- cation is a crystal-clear recognition of the fact that the State is an entity, and that every one of its parts has an equity in and a fundamental respon- sibility for all phases of education that bave to do with the rural com- munities, Francis B. Haas, State su- perintendent of public Instruction, Harrisburg, told a meering of the De- partment of Rural Education of the Natlonal Education Association in the auditorifum of the Interior Depart- ment this afternoon. State Program Stressed. “The State program,” he explained, ‘‘must be developed so that the inter- dependence of the various parts will be defined in terms of mutual inter- ests, obligations and responsibilities, and the so-called rural program must be clearly visioned as an inte- gral part of the State program. “As part of such a State program the rural program must challenge the imagination and deserve the support not only of the rural community, but of the urban community as well. The varfous types of communities have! fafled to realize that an Important part of thelr own program is a clear understanding of its relative value to the general educational policy of the State. Types of Community Life. “The interdependence of the vari- ous types of community life that go to make up a State must be clearly ized “in developing a modern educational program, and such a pro- gram from the very outset must real- ize that unequal opportunity for any part means undesirable results for every other part. ““A program will be sound and work- able in direct proportion as it results from co-operative effort upon the part olltho.s having an equity in the re- sult. “The program of education must be professionally sound, financially feasi- ble, administratively workable and possible of interpretation to its bene- fictaries.” Orville G. Brim, professor of educa- tion, Ohlo State University, and W. L. Spencer, director of secondary edu- cation, State department of education, Montgomery, Ala., also addressed the meeting. TALKS OF NEW TYPE OF HONOR SOCIETY C. C. Peters of Ohio Wesleyan Discusses Methods in School Discipline. | That colleges cater to their brighter |students rather than to their duller |ones “is the oustomary supposition. | C. C. Peters of Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity, Delaware, Ohlo, sald in an ad- dress today before the Educational Re- Education _Association, meeting in Corcoran Hall, George Washington University. “A knowledge of accomplishment quotients in college and high schools would be valuable,” Mr. Peters ex- plained, “in all cases of discipline that turn at all upon the question of faith- fulness or unfaithfulness to coilege duties; in deciding the number of ex- tra-curricular activities permitted or advised for particular students; in de- ciding the amount of extra work stu- dents should be permitted to carry; in vocational or educational counseling; in declding the question of the ad- visability of readmitting students to college; in passing upon doubtful cases for graduation; in deciding who should be excluded from fraternities; In determining eligibility for participat- ing In interschool contests; in stimulat- ing competition in &cholarship between fraternities; in_appealing to students for increased effort, the appeal being to | reach a high attainment in relation to | abflity; in setting, up a new type of | honor soclety based upon what stu-| dents achieve In terms of their abilities | to achfeve, which soclety would be | open alike to all who would try no| matter whether born long or short in native endowment.” Frederick Whitney, director of Edu- cational Research, ~Colorado State Teachers’ College, Greeley, Colo., told the meeting a decreasing number of students in the States teachers 'colleges are coming from familles in the farm and labor class and more from families of business, the professions and other like occupations. BALLOU HEADING UNIT OF N. E. A. CONVENTION Presides Over Superintendence De- partment, at Same Time Celebrat- ing Birth Anniversary. Dr. Frank Washington Ballou, pres- ident of the department of superin- tendence and superintendent of the Washington school system, yesterday celebrated his 47th birthday anniver- sary by presiding over the opening sessions of the 56th annual meeting of the department in sessions at the ‘Washington Auditorium. Dr. Ballou was born on Washing- ton's birthday at Fort Jackson, N. Y., in 1879. He has been superintendent of schools here since 1920. A luncheon was given in honor of Dr. Ballou by the Education Associa- tion of the District of Columbla, Harry English, president, at the Mayflower Hotel yesterday afternoon. SESSION ON NEAR EAST. Teachers to Discuss Work in Greece, Armenia, Syria Tomorrow. Educational work in Greece, Arme- nia and Syria will be discussed at & breakfast conference of about 60 school superintendents at the Pow- hatan Hotel tomorrow morning at 7:30 o'clock with Senator King of Utah, who has recently returned from the Near East, and Allen W. Dulles, chief of the division of Near Eastern affairs of the State Department, as the principal speakers. John R. Voris, who has had charge of tmproving school work among or- phans in the care of the Near East Rellef, will speak on that subject. The general discussion will be led by Ran- dall J. Condon, _superintendent of schools of Cincinnati; William M. Da- vidson. superintendent of schools of Pittsburgh, and Augustus O. Thoma Minister Simopoulous of Greece w represent the department "{ed by search Association of the National} of educa-|h tion of his government, which has sent out & call for 3,000 teachers as a step in building up the school system of that country. TOMORROW’S N. E. A. PROGRAM 7:30 a.m.—Committee on Standards and Training for Principals of the partment of Elementary School Principals, Washington Hotel. 1'10 a.m.—Near East Rellef Breakfast, Powhatan Hotel. 7:30 a.m.—Nebraska Breakfast, New Willard Hotel. 7:46 a.m.—National Council of Administrative Women in Education Breakfast, Raleigh Hotel. 8:00 a.m.—Arizona Delegation Brealifast, Fuleigh Hotel. 8:45 a.m.—Department of Superintendence, General Session, Washing- ton Auditorium. 9:00 a.m.—National Council of Teachers’ Retirement Systems, Metro- politan Hotel. 9:16 a.m.—Committee on the Teaching of Co-operative Marketing in the Public 8chools of the Department of Rural Education, Boardroom, American Red Cross Bullding. - 9:30 a.m.—National Association of Secondary School Principals, In- stallation of Chapter of the National Honor Soclety, Audi- torium, Central High School. 11:00 a.m.—National Council of Primary Education, Business Meeting, Chinese Room, Mayflower Hotel. 12:00 m. — Rotarians in Education, New Willard Hotel. —Dartmouth College Luncheon, Hamilton Hotel. 12:30 p.m. ~—Lions Club Luncheon, Mayflower Hotel. 12:30 p.m.—Joint Luncheon of Nationa! Council of Primary Education and Natiol Hotel. nal Conference on Educational Method, Mayflower 1:30 p.m.—Department of Elementary School Principals, Washington Auditorfum. 2:00 p.m.—Department of Classrcom Teachers, Gold Room, Hotel La Fayette. 2:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. —~Department of Deans of Women, Wardman Park Hotel. —Department of Vocational Education, Auditorium, Ameri- can Red Cross Building. 2:00 p.m.—Child Labor Committee of the National Education Asso- clation, Boardroom, American Red Cross Building. 2:00 p.m.—National Soclety of College Teachers of Education, Cor- coran Hall, George Washington University. 2:15 p.m. 2:15 p.m. of the Interdor. —National Council op Education, Powhatan Hotel. ~—~Department of Rural Education, Auditorfum, Department 2:30 p.m.—National Association of Secondary School Principals, Audi- torium, Central High School. 4:00 p.m.—Department of Deans of Women, Tea, National Headquar- ters of the American Assoclation of University Women. 4:00 p.m.—Committee on Ethics of the Profession, Boardroom, Ameri- can Red Cross Building. 4:30 p.m.—Department of Superintendence, Special Feature, Program of Old-fashioned Dances by a Group of Public School Pupils from Detroit, Mich.,, Washington Auditorium. | v Dinner, Raleigh Hotel. —Peabody College Dinner, Raleigh Hotel —University of Chicago Dinner, Rauscher’s Restaurant —New York University School of Education Dinner ~—Harvard Universi ington Hotel. p.m.—Ohio State University Dinner, City Club. p.m.—Ohio Wesleyan University Dinner, Cosmos Club. p.m.—Teachers’ College, Columbia University, Dinner, room, Mayflower Hotel. HIGH SCHOOLS ARE CRITICIZED FOR SUBSERVIENCE TO COLLEGES Relation to Elementary Grades Declared Weak by Chicago Official-Physical Training Instruction Also Held Lacking in Efficiency by Speakers. Criticisms of the school curriculum, physical training courses and the ar- ticulation of the high school with the elementary school were voiced by speakers at an executive session of the department of superintendence, Na- tional Education Association, in the Washington Auditorfum this morn- ing. “An Intelligent adjustment of the curriculum _will solve more _educa- tional problems than any other at- tempt at educational reform,” E. C. Eroeme, superintendent of schools, Philadelphia, declared. George R. Staley, superintendent of schools of Rome, N. Y., told the session, “Our courses in physical training all look well on paper, but in actual opera- tion are likely to be weak on one end, crazy on the other and clock- worked In the middle."” ‘Willam J. Bogan, assistant su- perintendent of Chicago schools, de- clared: “A depressing feature of the development of the American High School 1s its weak articulation with the elementary school. Dom- {nated by the college, the high school overe asizes the subjects demand- 'he minorit; Other speakers wers: Willlam J. Shea, superintendent _of _schools, w York City; E. C. Hartwell, su- perintendent of schools, Buffalo, N. Y., Leonard M. Patton, master of the Edward Everett School, Boston, o Wash Grand Ball- kind make this earth ‘the home of man.’ Mr. Hartwell advanced what in his opinion should be the creed of the con- vention. It included a reference to the ideal system of public education, “which will give to every boy and girl a sound, vigorous body, an intelligent understanding of the laws of health, | high ideals of useful service and the capacity to render it." Mr. Patton emphasized the value of citizenship training, but declared, “We have no expectation of creating 100 per cent Americans by this plan of teaching citizenship, but we believe that, rightly used, it may raise moral levels a little higher than the old way, may lead pupils to study their en-| vironment and soclety at large in a little broader way than has been their wont, and widen a little more their ethical horizons." Work Urged for Help. Mr. Glenn, in quoting the objective of theassociation to be “the develop- ment of character through work,"” declared, “We are convinced that one | way. perhaps the best way, to create the proper attitude toward work is to | work, and that it is the duty of our | schools to provide systematically for | this and to encourage the pupils to engage in it.” | Elaborating on his criticism of the | H 1 ! | | weak articulation of the high school wlz;\ the elementary school, Mr. Bogan and C. B. Glenn, superintendent of |sal schools, Birmingham, Ala. Urges Health Education. Mr. O'Shea declared health educa- tion “is the one alm that should be emphasized In the revision of the course of study. We must give more and better instruction in hyglene, physiology and physical training, place more emphasis on the building up of health habits which shall func- tion throughout the life of the in- dividual. The speaker placed strong emphasis on the revision of the course of study n history, geography and civics and current events, and said: “These sub- jects should be loved by children. The material in them should have & hu- man interest. It is a sad commentary on the work of our schools that adults read so little of history and geography in after life and are so poorly in- formed on civics questions and prob- lems. History should make good cit- izens of our puplls and should foster love of country—real heart-throbbing patriotism. In geography, the human aspect should be emphasized—the way in which the great natural features of the earth and the occupations of man- Insists Parents Have Right to Know z School Methods for Marking Pupils Parents have a right to know the progress of their children in school 4nd the marking system for passing or failing should be such that it can be easily interpreted by parents as well as by educators, Bernard Ross, principal of the East Hartford, Conn., High School, told the National Asso- ciation of Secondary Principals meet- ing in the Central High School auai- torium this afternoon. “It seems quite evident,” continued Mr. Ross, “that neither the number nor the letter as used in our marking systems has conveyed a like meaning to the student, to the teacher and to the administrator. Now If these three. sets of minds are not agreed as to the meaning of the symbols used to mark the results aof instruc- tion, can the parents, who also have a right to know the progress of their children, interpret these symbols? “In too many cases marks denote one of two meanings—namely, pass- ing or falling. It seems only right that marks should define various de- grees of achievement of school chil- dren. Since the common avenue of communication is words, a marking system using words about whose el M Sl it PPt National Crusa;le Against Illiteracy Begun by Educators at Convention| A national crusade deslgne_d to wipe out illiteracy in the United States was given impetus yesterda: afternoon when a group of educators attending the department of superin- tendence convention decided to open headquarters here and selected Mrs. Cora Wilson Stewart as director of the campaign. Mrs. Stewart was @ recent winner of a $5,000 award for work against illiteracy by a National magazine. Invitations to all the State com- missioners of education to act on the National courcil were authorized at the meeting vesterday. William Allen White was elected ad of the flliteracy group and Jane Addams and Glenn Frank, president of the University of Wisconsin, were named vice presidents. . The members of the board are: figure of a famous| Our educational sys- tem is a huge cave in which the high | school is a stalactite made from the | drippings of the college. The lowest, | but not in line with it is the ele | mentary school, a stalegmite made | from accretions of many kinds. An| educational plumber is needed to wipe the joint. ““The high school belongs to the peo- ple—to the maJority. When the peo- ple learn that the education of the | many is being sacrificed for the bene- | fit of the few every educator will have difficulty in accounting for his stew- ardship. “Time and money are given lavishly in the elementary schools to the teaching of penmanship, arithmetic, reading and other subjects, but in the high schools little attention is given | to the conservation of this energy. Is there any justification for discarding the skill acquired in the grades?” The session also was addressed by David B. Corson, superintendent of | Schools, Newark, J., and Lawton B. Evans, superintendent of school Augusta, Ga. Albert Edmund Brown, dean of the Ithaca Institution of Public School Muslc, led in singing. meaning thers is no doubt should be of much assistance in helping one of our educational problems. A worded system of measures was | suggested as a basis for marking a | puplil's achievements in education as | tollows: Preparation, application knowledge of subject, use of English and progress. ! C. V. Courter, head of the Flint, Mich., High School, stated the princi- | of a large, modern high school must assume the responsibility for! the -intelligent and efficient handling inside his school organization of large | sums of money, sometimes sums in ex- | cess of $100,000 in a single year. J. E. | Marshall, principal Central High School, St. Paul, Min., reported “in-| creasing attention is being given in ed- | ucational discussions and writings to! extra-curricular activities,” and Ross | M. Young, high school principal of' Minneapolis, declared the school head “must be able to use the educational microscope.” Other addresses were given by John Guy Fowlkes, University of Wiscon- sin, and E. B. Comstock, pnincipal ;r'orlh Dallas High School, Dallas, ‘ex. ve | | Ida Tarbell. Carrie Chapman Catt, Lorado Taft., A. E. Winship, Mary C. C. Bradford, A. O. Thomas, I Sally Lucas Jean, Josephine Corll Preston, Herbert Houston. C. 0. W llams, Robert I. Aley, Mrs. A. Reeve, Minnie C. Neilson, D. E. John- son, John W. Abercrombie. M. A. Nash, M. L. Brittain, Gov. Thomas McRae, Arthut H. Chamberlain, Gov. | R. A. Nestoes, F. C. Button. Henry | J. Allen. A. Caswell Ellis, M: Mar- | garet Hill McCarter and C ilson | Stewart. { Turkish women have become so | adapt at the sorting and grading of | tobacco leaves that one Constanti- | nople concern now employs more than 6,000 females on this Kkind of work. | the National {us parents w SPEAKERS STRESS TEACHER TRAINING College Courses on “Princi- ples of Investment” Urged on N. E. A. Members. High standards for teacher-training institutions were urged by Edwin W Adams, principal of the Philadelphis Normal School, and a course for teachers in teacher colleges on the priuciples of investment was recom mended by Frank W. Smith, Patersor State Normal School, Paterson, N. J in addresses before the City Tes Training School section of tional Education v National Museum auditorium to- Association Outlines Courses of Study. Mr. Adams outlined the new courses of study which are being prepared and put into operation under his dl rection in the Philadelphia Norma! School. “One hundred and fifty teac ers have been engaged for a period of two years in this project,” he said In September of 1925 the new course Was put into operation for the first semester with the entering class, re- placing courses some of which werc more than 30 years old. By February, 1927, an entirely new curriculum wil be in operation throus: the scho “It is our hope.” he coneluded, “tha even when we have reached the poin where we feci we may vent the results of our efforts into pr will not mean that work ha and that we feel we have a finishec product. It is our thought that each course should be printed as a looss leaf pamphlet, so that there will be as little as possible in the way to hamper or discourage constant study and re- visic « light of every-day needs.” ‘What Teachers Should Learn. “leacners snould learn the princi ples of sound investment and the ad vantages of a broad fleld of invest ment,” Mr. Smith expla “An ele mentary study of and commerce for knowledge of invest ment opportunities, a part of every teacher's educa- Teachers' colleges should include a course for teachers on the principles of investment, so they may know the whens and whys of investme: how to make a supplementar. by wise investment. The pedagogic: and psychological reactions on t teacher’s work resulting from such study and investment are marked.” ASKS NEW TECHNIQUE OF TEACHING HISTORY Speaker Before N. E. A. Unit ‘Would Require Child to Think for Himself. A new technique of teac! tory—one that will require the child to think for himself rather than men orize the thought of the author o adly” needed in ."J. Osborn s ate Dep: of Education, Madison. W this afternoon in an addres: Bducational Research Ass meeting in the Maso; teenth street and New “We need part he contin ued, “some means of realizing some exceedingly valual arc not even touched present. This will afford a basis for a mucl more {ntelligent supervision of his tory teaching than we have had ir the past—especially high schools. “Our history tes g is missing fir if the relation of the teaching to es tablish aims is used as a criterion. The : is upon the tratr v and upon organiza type. This is an ex the inertia We are still ccordance with philosophy which is The tabula rasa and cellent il educational an educational 400 years old. sponge theories alive in the cur high schools. “There also i faith in formal d our present thedry doubt but what our cu consists to a very Lirge measure i filling the child’s mind with facts ar trusting to luck that he will remem ber them and know when and how to use them in his thinking. The fic ures show that some emphasis is b ing placed on practice in form Jjudgments. This is encouraging as far as it goes. We should have more teaching of this sart. “Emphasls on the value of histor cal evidence occurs only occasionalls There is some emphasis on hi tory as a background for liter: and sclence after we reach times. History teaching sh out the good or bad tions, discuss the fundam perplexing questions of the p the light of the past and c: to the qualities of the great men an women of the past that are suitabla for emulation by the children.” S. A. Courtls, public schools, De troit, Mich.; F. P. O'Brien, Universit: of Bansas; Ernest Horn, Towa State Iniversity: E. E. Keener, o schools, Chicago, and Carieton. W ashburne, superintendent of school nnetka, IIL, also a s . pSle e 0 addressed the of the old Whatev TENDENCY TO PAGANIZE AMERICAN LIFE SCORED Speaker Before Education Body Believes Revival of Old-time Re- ligion Would Be Beneficial. The general tendenc our American life has affe schools in a very disastrous manner, nor is half the harvest yet gathered,” Clarence E. M of Princeton University declared this afternoon in an address before the Department of Elementary School Principals of the Natlonal Education Association in the Washington Auditorium. “A revival of the old-fashioned re ligion,” he explained. “would change the atmosphere in our homes and give o will impress upon the child that he has been born into a world governed by moral laws the re- wards of which are blessed and the recoil of which, if broken, is terrific. “Nothing in the schools can compare with high character in the teachers themselves,” he added. ‘Prominence should be given to moral instruction. We would be better off tyith less na- tionalistic patriotism—how we ‘lickel the British'—and more of what some one has called the ‘fourth R-— Righteousness.” " The following educators aijo ad dressed the meeting: Otis W. Caidwell, principal Lincoln School, Columbia University; Jes: Fink, principal 4 Palmer Schodl, nd Rapids, Mich., and Warren A. Roe, principal Bel- mont Avenue School, Newurk,