Evening Star Newspaper, January 24, 1926, Page 41

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIAL FEATUPES EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Stad Society News Part 2—16 Pages WASHIN( iTON, D. SUNDAY > s MORNING, JANUARY 24, 1926. JARDINE HOLDS FARMER FAILS TO GET FULL SHARE Secretary Believes Conditions Have Improved, But Are Still Unsatisfactory RY W J. BALLINGFR |tion, in part to the highest degree of | effciency in the orzanization and HE condition of the farmer Das |, 0 ation of the individual farm. and improved but it s still fav | Con T, the reduction of overhead from satistactory. and this be-| . i< cuch as taxes, Interest and the cauge the farmer IS not £el-|jpe \fany of our present farm prob- 1ing his full share of the Pros- jon. e economic in nature, and 1 which he helps o much 10| 5rioge 0 strengthen the research | Work of the department, particularly © |in the field of agricultural economics ecre- | ina co-operative marketing. | And 101770 "y voun agree that the farmer this he xdded the important aualifica- g anly ‘one-ihivd of the consumer’s Uan (thagithe led farm 1roblem | gopy tor the products he sells to him was not just a problem bui a whole | General statements of this kind | RiadE o | often are misleading. As a matter of I had gone to Secretary Jardine ol o (he farmer gets 100 cents discuss the much agitated azlouliural fhe consumer's dollar when he sells situation which is Inoming S0 formi-|pic producis iom a roadside stand dably on the political horizon. In the |6, the giher hand. there ave times atotew the Middle West has| yhon he doesn't et a cent of the seethed st et phe | L e have ihreatened an open break With|gonad to market. In other words, the Coolidge administration §f remé- | e uimount of the consumer's dollar dlesfinere s anlie | absorbed in the distribution of [uuural producis varies widels illustrate: Sixty-four per cent of the L P Chicago consumer's dollar for Wis- | magazine of revoit was President Cool- | o;nain potatoes in the season of tdge's expression satisfaction with | {9 e R the general prosperity of ths count = D et w0 e Then bedlam broke loose in the H St o denengl ve State. A thousand incensed farm e iR 1) ers, with the giint of suspicion in LT SRS e Gy 1 their exves and a resolution of pitch- S { fork opposition on their swarm ead like aroused hornets into a general conference, Even Senator Cummins, talwart administration supporier, £poke from the platform with Senator Brookhart. threatened with a his seat for his apostacy from Coolidze Republicanism, ind joined in the general e and ¢ry to the extent of mittinz that the “program of the Aadministra n toward e Zarmer did nat go far enoush <Seully cope with the crisis, and My pleasin he met Net Income Still with the ques tary. Is th in afrer econ veur perity make That in brief was the summar the farm problem given me by 1ary of Agriculture Jardine. to problems. Spark That Fired Revolt. The spark that apparently fived the s agri To jobhing | eity | tail | ana jot ve < rk amoun [ the final re to about 47 per cent of Al price. In zeneral. it | true that large part the con- snmer's dollar goes to defray costs of | distribution and does the ner's pocket loss of System of Distributi Q. Do vou condemn the tem of " distribution the svstem of maurketing in the world A. Onr system of distribution. with ont doubt, needs overhauling, but can’t think that it is the the world.” In some respects i ceedingly efficient. On the other there are marked weaknesses in methods arketing for ample, the sale of products in e Tots ich must be zraded hetore they are suited to the needs of sumers: the shipment of low !products 1o markets where there o demand for them: the dumping of nti ess esent sys- s worst | 8 i< worst 2lan he nd open in 1rdine o frank is ex-| hand " ex- | Low. 1 My Aarms ox that last farmer and that another the farmer on his sconomists predic veay this ve: A ne of hest since this ve hut it mnst th this tactory come that o farmer= hezan Secy farmes nas hive vas th axperience i i feet ince 1919 ould Thesa < zood < es much in thus producir then, of ¢ unsatis proc the d gt ts in qu mand ma A Litnst 1 ket methe many i< which ndd 10 the distribution Wi imorovement cou in the system rlons imps but it is my accomplished well 1912 and tha promise to be ahout as good not therafore he ks a. A mad can velopment 1ssnme wements he Jinion that more through the de- " ) of mar ns th members hetter mee f tie ihe The period i nin an aver Such orga tie 5 19 and Aropped to adj market wole - their methods of the needs, heln farm improve ality. o and earnings ) 1921 four about the to those m, Al of the: to decrease the wastes present distribution e some doubt hizh cost he zreatly contumers con- ) and disty ears 1920 1c four five vear y farmer and his family equeled the wagzes puhl on the farm. while nen husiness enterprize enjoyed n perity net famil helow Tucis y . B where most needed " {ices will tend for and costs in me hode. The however, 1 of rel reduced tinue to dem. sei > may the ibut lon pre 1 presen: The 1924 such cent the n, No 1 If the farmer devele operative ovganization for 1he market- ing of product, will this l2ad to a restriction of production and a pos- sible farmers’ trust? has Leep the tendency of ations hat have united in mmon interest A. 1 canses no danger of co-opera- tive associations unduly enhancing | prices by the ction of production The ead act gives the Secret Agriculture power to deal with such « situstion if it should wise, But T cotfident that eco- forces will setve an a check an this Althoy memler associuti that the Doe that " received heen evers e A have 1919 1922 axpect =ona they sust ceedinzl Tt the not zer of T1ist. Fucapt in 19 of course. cannot vecous 1 i mers i vears 1h2 he remembered that conditions has by all farm this the areas market were en planting that 1lso A ininrovement heen chared in eanally disentishac ion veur seems 10 which ho Farmers in these zres time hizh ma vk nrices eiing time + 1oy AL tendency 10,000 Farmers ar \perative marke must e ren producing as indi- able 10 £.000,000 AL pre the nnduly per Nhare ne < of trouble with the B, vidu sippose farmers ever come restricting where priee the fay met of of 15 seem vease than St the more Un ether on a duction 1 h ed could m of point ! Meved roun erely While ruinously nit cmizined hizh tm farm high prices or “ prices. ty in n in- stand th yeen ve:l cround fer their ction. Te he sure. some of Justrent in prices h hut farmers have no ity with producers pro mare ion Do Drices estior Di arew out smparison ustry. Tt ely few men uction of an No such con | cuin The 000 farmers affs the natural sects and di of unce does | Furthermor, produc | tarmer Away rmers rrust, said in of erroneous iculture with in- resible for a compara- 10 regulate the pro- industrial commodity. ol is possihle in agri ne of at least 3,000 the wheat crop an of weather, additional fac- with which in- | have to contend. the farm is not only a plant. but a home. The caniiot close it up and move and so lonz as he is living on the land he will tend to keep the farm producing o its capacity. As 2 mat- ter of fact one of the most effective | means of restricting production is low prices for agricultural producis, Con- itinued low prices will not only bring about a reduction in acreage, bu lower fertility of farm lands. depreci- ation in farm huildings and equip- ment. all of which mean lowered pro- duction. Tt should be obvious that co- aperative associations are working for | the opposite results.” | (Copsrizht. 1926.) | T th ny - con- A sion an fentrac which h dehts war Aiffi <hrunk nae A had ont v ymes, and von h: the ma corrected ed hazard e reach. in ' aconomic 1 aroups of Is not o inz nsin from the A. The Alwavs produced which moves to the cities, worst years of the depression movement took on aiarm proy tions. During the vear 19 alone is estimnuted that th> nei shift from country to city amonnied to 1,120,000 The movement to cities has now heen materially retarded. reflecting ne subt. the improvement in the farminz T, Tntil farming conditions right themselves. however, we may exmect the cityward drift ta continne semewhat larger than normal the nnpront:bieness n alarming rural sactions to the o % ns of this conntey have \ surplus population During the this 1 | Legisiation Can Help. ). Can Congress cn the ills of the farmer? If so. how | A. Legislation cannot cnre the ills! af the farmer. bnt wise legislation can be helpful in restoring agricul- tural prosperity and in giving farm- srs equal economic opportunities with nther producers. Congress. for e mple. has passed very useful legisla- tion dealing with rural ecredit. ware- housing. future trading. co-operation. agricultural research and the like. At the present time the major agricul-| tural issues hefore Congress are meas- nres designed o assist in solving the surplus problem and in the develop- ment of co-operative marketing. Sound legislation directed (o these questions. while not a panaces, will prove heipful in placing agriculture on a profitable and seund basis. | Buried Cities Seen In the Caspian Sea | | Russian sailors, whe are as good at seeing thinzs as are sailors from other | | 1an the discovery of numer- | ous huried cities in the Caspian Sea. | During a voyage from Persia Comrade Ataev. commanding Caspian Sea trade fleet. was amazed | by the rapid changes in soundings | shouted by the lovkout swinging the lead. Looking the side of his | vessel when off the Shikhovo Coast | | he reports he discovered the streets, | houses. palaces and minarets of a city 'on the hottom of the sea. | The city has been identified as Khara plan for dealing | g qhagen. Sailors say that when the | | water is clear other cities may he | seen in the shallows near Ignatievo. | A sunken causeway extends from Baku fortress and. coming to the sur- face on Balloge Cape. disappears again under the waves. Scientists say these cities were sub- merged in an earthquake hundreds of years ago, . report to Baku, over Plan for Remedy. Q. What Is vour the farm situation? The so-called farm problem, as y. is a bundle of problems, reme- for which must be sought in many directions. In part efforts must e directed to bringing about the (ght adjustment of productien to the emande of the market, in part te more cfficient methods of distribu- [} ; | | | BY G. GoUvLD 1 VASTLY different United States on posed conference for the tation of naval which obtained in the When the Washington plice sour vears ago the United s the way rapidly-to become the « power the world had ever seen {0 complete (he program it had the construction of capital ship: which no other natfon could ha cesstuliy sday this superiority is gone 1 afreraft carviers hington trexty the treaty Britain named v the United States find of so-called auxiliavy cra and Arstline submaris which is limited by the treaty. it the ratio established for nav Washington conference United States finds that in the m ern cruisers, from 3.000 to 10,000 rring s-nch 1o Sinch guns, and of flect submarines, Great Britai are hoth she NCO) of The ratio i powers—the 1 tapan, France and for Great order Toda matter strovers * ok And as a matter of fact and aircraft riers Washington 1reaty have the full » Furthermore engazed * even in which are | the United St tio strength permi the other treat in building programs tod outstrip the proziams of the Urited 8 regard to the craft DRLEN Unite < wa to he generons and In States is in a position to receive vecipient of zenerosity Indeed, it is time for seck further limitation nave covering the eraft not included inzton rreaty jump inte uction not limited 1 the to give 19 the of st race * % x The preliminary cont armaments. which will he conference proper April. At request of the I ess s in the process of approns W America’s representatives it inary conference. \merica’s representatives at doubtless will demand that in the for naval strength, the azreement on capital ratio 1 for the aux country was most anxlous in iresty then made cover all eraft as well as eapital ships viers. Had this heen done, itation naval armament he awafting solutic In demandinz equal stren power in the many of the zuided by the The requirement 10 American com line and far-ly ossess| Panama Canal, which must ha< a foreizn commerce todax than that of ather natier * ok % ok Grear Rritain and Japan have 1 rdvantace Th auxiliary craft, whi States has given np its former capital <hipg. Not only have powers retained strength. increased and are increasing it true. however. that the made no limitation with craft, and these other tirely within thei eraft ligent or has waited, hoping for a ference in which limitation of al mizht be azreed to Because of the situation e enc ame th i€ now ' n ratio I and th world and greater wers. the Unit needs £ s ive nerce and This country o adequa . has \ns. wh ' Washi vegard this now = the h. other countries play the ho: line he nd if compelled to play th, in the sorry position be generous and to naval strength The suggestion has quarters that the proposed arms ¢ Qivided. with 4 naval conference ton and the conference on Surope. of aski- give up emanated * K % x Cold fizures tell the tale strength graphically. First hips and the afreraft eaty. The United ital ships 328 capital ships of 0 Great completed this year): Japan, GOV. SMITH DEFENDS DEMA STATE HELP POOR GET HOMES IS EXPECTED IN situation the eve armaments W conference to equal within the same tirae. ave heen limiled by 1 strensth 5-5-3-1.8T-1.67. the pr national defense Amesieans through thess nations have acted rights in building more <uch he United States has either American point of view, Washington is not the place for the coming naval confe must make the proposal of sacrifice United States has nothing to offer along ihis land armaments in Rut thiz does not seem a sound prop- osition for the reasons already given. of present naval 80.450 tonnage (4 of the older shins are 10 he scrapped when 2 new ones are 10 capital ships of LN, 301,320 tonnage; 194,344 tonnage 133.670 tonnage. Rey of time will bring the the actual ratio establ the matter of calibesr Japanese have the ad over the United State ital ships are armed heavier, while 4 are a 20 British ships are or heavier, and 10 Under the Washinz aireraft ler United States. 135.000 000: Japan, 81,000, I 60.000. Alreraft carri perimental stage, and regarded experime arrfer Furious f 19,000 tons. The 1 carrier, 12,700 tons, ington and Sarat attle cruisers when was negotfated. They America’s aireraft pire toduy has 4 total tonnage. and nage of 37.200 tons er of 9500 tons tonnage: France [ rather. converting a carrier of 21,600 tonna 1rriers and is not The actual rat and building today ish Empire. 3 France., .78, and Italy * Fran faces the ang of the pro further limi- from that inter of 1921 took tates was on st naval It had but latd down for a program hoped sne- Cayital ships the 5-3-1.67-1.67 nited Stat Italy, in the f that in the ft. except de s none of is far helow at the The atter of mod tons and car in the matter n oand Japan 1 capital ships of imited by the e does not tred her o ers which s 1 King that the maodern 10 of 7 total 20000 total tonnage. the British Empire ha and 13 building these 10,000 p the present mh e stre in a posit # the Tnited and 1o be the Treany red 1 1 in States irmament < the Wash naval are all maki 8 of limit prozy exnec esident n lding of 784 tons prelim Rritish Ty naval [ 53 “ivens 115 the inz R which val limitation retlecte § in n h This he naval < he ok In the matter of dest much better mine lavers are kept the American destrover can destroyers during the World leaders onnaze Empire has 153 destroy Jestrovers hu has no les but h I tonnage, and is tonn. 19 destroy ind is ding e desir nage: Ttaly has & lead and 22 destrovers of is building 2 The actual according _to ates, #.8% France, 1.25 o fares al rreraf ohlm 1d e were | i War m naval ar than and noj 18 leaders rith ed States 209 an ng of 2 protection 1 lers, vast coast @ including the 3} o n tonns huds; tons, prote i ich is 1 destroyer ratio of etained their le the United dvantage in two sen 1 they have t s perfectly ngton treaty to auxlliary: tish Italy. 1.2 * * In the matter of fle States has building 4: the British total tonnage, and is tonnage (two being of 2500 total tonr 26,280 total tonnage building 2 of 6,000 tota but_is building 4 of 5.2 ratio of fleet ze is a follows impire, ;024 o 5 of 7 heen neg further con 1 naval craft ostinz, from ence. since Let the The =1, : Japan, e Lost would its guests of their United State: of 43.822. none 26_of 23.560 total 1.780 total 50 bui 1z par from some conference he in Washine- ng of ‘13,281 (otal tota! tonnage, and § by nage. ish Emplre, Italy, 2.81. Japan take . carriers States has 1 tons: the caplital limited by oday 1R cap- Britain 2 Stat pire. 230: France, 111 is as follows: United pim: Japan, tonnage compl Tapan and 2 734 has 2 Iimpire, o submarines United States Submarines of the first tonnage tonnage: Japan. tonnage, and 4 building of 3.659 total tonnage: France, 15 of 12,993 total tonnage. and 18 build. tonnage: The first line aubmarine ratio according to tonnage is as follows: United States, 8.64: Rrit The afrplane-carrving capacity of the vari ous fleets may be described as follows 252; British Empir Offers of Further Arms Limitaiion Should Come From the Foreign Naval Powers 4 capital ships of This 7 capltal ships of ithe nce Ttaly, ements in powers more nearly ished In the treaty o guns, the Rritish vanthge to degres s, for 14 American with 13.4-inch guns rmed with 12-nch med with 13.4inch » nese ton treaty, the was fixed tons; Great ance, 60,000, 2nd Italy e still in the e all those now built are " except the British leted last year vessel ‘nited States today ha and 2 building, the Loy which were building K o the Washington trea officers a will add 66,000 tons 10 : ge. The British Em. . officers and craft carriers of 7.2 officers and uilding with a total 1on has 1 airc uilding of 53 $05 totnl uvilding 1 carrier vattleship arn Italy has no a1 1t buildin afrcraft carr inited States apanese Emp none ships 7 rourse to In the ma nel. the Unit commission 37 ster cap in oo but n subje T 30 ed men mission 3 eral follows tain. 13 nese in reser t and 506 enli arr in_comr In pers powers s officers vers and The i officer pire into n craft Franc R} any hoilt it The na ' for since Ie the mited craf nuth of Hows ze. and King in a 38 of 1 5.100 it is found | the powers in United States hnilding of 95000 1ons 190 tatal ton otal “unn: Austr has of B n > i < subm liay submarine eruisers tons nd in 16 of 73,995 “ buildi all 158 4l tonna annage, makir 0,754 total ton n Japan and tonnage. sery ram destrovers tates > fleet inc err 1 risers United er is Aifterent lrea Wash marine ter Ttaly has milding pro; strovers and Already the British ference will submarine e n at blocked * % royers the T'nite ‘ thouzh only f <are 1 it the most part by by th this appo ain by the nited St stline, ne the of 31.310 total Rritish tonnage tonnage. and 10 total tonnage: Japan 72 destrovers of 77.0 wilding T total ne *0 destroyers of e pected ments her ¢ 10 p ship under has 15,628 of cader 14133 total 26,034 total ton 889 total tonnage $.839 total tonnage. and < of 26,622 total tonnage. maodern type dest is as follows sup ny eme ather carrie vers United Japan, 2.8 . Japan would & tates would submarines, the United A third total tonnage and Empire has & of 16,460 building 3 of 4.440 totai Australia): Japan has 2 nd s building 18 of ‘rance has none, but is tonnage: Italy has none. 00 total tonnage. according to 3.72: Brit- 1.43, and would leave these vessels with 34 and Another strategy. Ou 6.96. France, this country line are as follows: not in a _total tonnage British Empire and ? building of 41 of 32.838 total of Iding: treaty other insular lack of Philippine 1 the United Italy. 10 of 7.902 s iilding of £.340 total ton bases that e: East 7.20; France. 5.1%, and she these islands Japan, Far East United 468 Japanese Em- and Ttaly. 34. The ratio tes. 2.69: Rritish Em- 1.19, and Italy, 1y nd cru tter ed men 30,487 Wit submarines, first-line mine ler the W Fran, tes. most powerful type of navy proposal factor which doubtless will he considered is the hase Fortified naval ba which is now used only continental Pearl Harbor, near Honolulu prevents bases and fensive purposes Great Britaln has a chain of fortified naval iast, She holds the United States. and in anv agreement i T that may be reached at the coming conference, it would be the part of wisdom i should not fortified before the 1 . includes carriers, battle- i * ok ok planes and aircraft has 218 pl vy has 116 100 per cent in re snal planes in gen force. rom Japan on this th available shows that the ¥ has 148 planes in commission and e.and 400 officers and 3.0 enlist IFrench navy has 83 planes in ec 96 in reserve, and Taly A navy service nd 467 in reserve strength the enlisted mer of person nes in tates Navy ind 180 in 1 m The nmission and 344 addi in the roval o official data ed 1 serve , Rritish British nd men (incl nd 480 men royal air f Japan Frar Taly snlisted men enl United 5 and ind 2 essels laid down ar appre by = 43 while ire for nine . ted ed aheac build Mise tende ip and fse 1 dey It fe lestro hoats, 1 <hips. 3 i 5 destrover tender and ruisers, 18 2 mine subn tankers and et sibma fr ludes 3 lict - rvers, 4 ¢ mder m ¥ 1t the stron ntire! consideration 1 been the follow crulsers, 8 first nes 3 ine d clearly intimated th naval fimitation eon Indeed. she sought shington conference, bhut which. however, was sec ed States. Japan and Italy The Rriticsh have much ion of the submarine hecause of for ymin; e Un sition hol nwever the eds submarin defensive * the forward that th, the \Washington is easy roposal " British are ex SRR eaty. If th \ see from the fizures already given that Britain would be left the sea since she is stronger t tion in the matter fast merchant vessels verted inte cruisers he second in strength in thi vessel n crufsers, air and next The United be third advanced from Rritish sources i that cruisers he limited to 6,000 tons with 6-inch gu ms the and Jz Under the exi United none hu n with * %k ok of IR navies, with none Great R 1 building. this tates ing and tremendous importance. s are the wportant in Panama Canal as a commercial hase has but one fortified base that i United States, and that is The Washington further fortification of possessions in the Pacific. This the need of protecting the lands are additional reasons why States needs submarines for de tside of our xtend from Gibraltar to the Far lands in close proximity 1o to provide that increase her fortifications of whose interests lie principally in the has am and some of her island ple hases on her mainland Possessions were strong- ashington conference. D Capital at Low Rate of Interest—State Bank Suggested. BY ALFRED E. SMITH, Governor of the State of New York. In applying business methods to the management of government the ad- ministrator must that the of the im- recognize welfare its citizens and | provement of their living condition is the Government's business, has not finished frs duty tects 1he property and the person of its citizens. 1t has not completed its tunctions even after providing insti- tutional care for its dependents, or ed ncation for its children. With our growing social consciousness public health has become one of it funda- mental responsibilities. and the rela- tion of housing conditions to public health has become increasingly ap parent areful stud have emphasi The State when it pro. and - invesatigation d the need of a plenti- ful supply of wholesome sanitary fhousing at rentals within the means of moderate income groups. Twenty- five vears ago, New York State passed a tenement-house law, which was good for the time. It set a standard of housing protection and it was believed that it would stimulate the construc- tior. of new tenements. At the end ! of that period. the same old dilapi- dated tenements are still being used for dwelling purposes. Children are still_being brought up in dark, un- ventilated. overcrowded and unsafe tenements which are to be found not only in New York City, but in nearly all cities and In the smaller commu- nities of the State, and doubtless In other States. Regulation and control of housing have not supplied new accommoda- tlons. and for generations the low in- come groups have been living in left- over housing in our congested cities. The soctal ills and moral dangers re. sulting from our neglect of housing | have been ably presented by courts dealing with juvenile offenders, by the church and by social and civic agen- cles of every kind. The building of homes has been look- ed upon as an enterprise conducted like any other business in which the ele- ment of speculative profit operative. The findings of every in- vestigation and the opinions of busi- ness men are forcing the realization that the building of homes for wage- |earners of moderate income ls un- profitable as a private business under | taking. So long as this point of view i1s maintained it has proved impos <ihle to construct the homes we need or to rebuild the tenement areas whether in New York City or else where, which continue to he a menace to the health and morals of the com- munity. One of the elements that has un- ! doubtedly proved an obstacle to pri vate capital for this class of housing has heen the cost of borrowing money. and another is the slow and expensive procese of acquiring sufficfent land to conduct a profitable buflding oper- ation on a large scale, and such build- ing operations cannot he profitahle except on a large scale. In order to solve the problem, it I necessary to be able to borrow mone: at low rates of interest and to secure by process of condemnation large par- cels of land at reasonable prices. The limited dividend corporation which eliminates speculative profit seems to be the best fitted instrumentality for carrying out a program which should rely at least in part on private initia- tive. Public credits may be brought into play through power given to local- ities to utilize their funds for housing purposes, if they so desire. It may also be possible to create a State in- strumentality in the form of a bank issuing its securities much as the | Federal land bank alds the farmers. What {s vital Is that we shall be go- ing about the solution of the question and not permitting another 25 vears | to lip by before we make progress. (Copvricht. 1926.) The government rallway of Argen- tine i= adding 20 locomotives to its present equipment of 538. has heen | S T 'BATTLE FOR U. 'Urges Limited Dividend Corporation 1o Provide|Prospect Became Certainty | | | BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. World Court fireworks In the United | States Senate will not have hurned | themselves out very long before an. {other battle roval—a fight to keep a “treaty Nav) for America—will be | waged. That prospect became a cer tainty when the House of Representa- | tives on January 22 approved a reduc- | |tlon of the ‘authorized personnel | strength of the Navy from £6.000 to | ‘)li‘.lml\_ Naval authorities and friends | |of adequate American preparedness at sea declare that the House's action means vastly more than 4,000 fewer officers and men in the Navy. They | assert that it cuts the United States ! fleet, already undermanned. to a point | dangerously below the level provided {for by the Washington 553 armament ( | Slashing of 4,000 men from the en- |listed strength of the fleet is a cut de. scribed by men like Senator Frederick Hale of Maine and Representative Fred A. Britten of Illinois as little less ithan “alarming.” These respective | chairmen of the Senate and House | inaval committees have had submitted | {to them a graphic tabulation of what an 82,000-man Navy means in fighting efficiency. Statistics on Cut. To do away with 4,000 officers and | men. as the House vote decrees shall | be done, represents. in demobilized | ships_or other naval activities, any cone of the following items: 1. Three battleships—a division. 2. Thirty-elght destroyers—two squadrons. 3. Two-thirds of the entire Asiatic| station. 4. The entire aviation plant of the Navy ashore, and all aircraft squad rons afloat with the fleet. 5. The entire submarine force the Navy. Including tenders. 6. The crews of the twn new air- | craft carriers, with all aircraft squad- ,rrvns afloat with the fleet. 7. All personnel now smployved In connection with hospitals on shore; | I of | this has been {about to be told {now or in the visible future, ¢f an| “TREATY NAVY?” HE SENATE SOON When House Approved Cut of 4,000 in Sea Service Personnel, En- ! tailing Big Reduction From -5-3 Level. training stations: navy entlre recruiting service Since the fiscal vear 1923, wi i appropriating for the Navy, :“.?::, - decided that 86.000 enlisted men was the proper and adequate strength. recognized as the nec €ssary number to be maintained All plans and operating schemes for the ' employment of the fleet and fts sup. porting shore activities have been based on this maximum. and It has teen stretched thin to meet the neces vards and the | sary demands. Pay Appropriation Insufficient. During the current fiscal vear the Day appropriation has proved ineufh :.Ph' to l(M‘)l\ the authorized 56,000/ meén in actual service. The stre: was, therefore, of necessity sl to run down until there has heen an average of some 51,000 in service dur ing the last few months. It has only heen possible to continue the opera tion of the ships in active commission because three battlesnips undergolng moderanization can get along with | crews of only 25 per cent complement. With reduced appropriations and slashed personnel. the country is| t in the Senate that the United States Navy is faced with the fnevitable prospect of curtailing fleet operations and laying up ships. _Friends of a “treaty Navy" for the United States are not demanding i1 | because any of them seriously imag- ines that America is in danzer, either attack on our own shores by enemy fleet. Pro-preparedness an. | thorities rather are thinking of com plications overseas, into which country could be d as inevitably as she was 1917. They have ia mind primarily the gathering storm clouds in the Far East. There trouble is brewinz, all well informed persons—iiplomatic naval and military—are fairly agreed. They are agreed on ancther point— that & conflict. If amd when it comes, can no more be localized than an | ome DICTATORSHIP INEVITABLE IN FRANCE AND GERMANY Se ers, S}'Sl em ems Muddle of Parl BY FRANK H. SIMONDS W ago 1 at > length the Mussolini phe menon in s hearing npon present-day Italy and its sig nificance for the future of Fu development. But there nd even more interesting which the Mussolini episode one dllustration. Newer and as typical is the dictatorship of ARain of the recurring sug aris that the solution I'rench crisis may yet dictatorship. possibly a ctatorship without an individual dic tor, some form of committee of safe T all events, a break with the system of the hour the dictatorships and the dictators there is the sin the strain of ditlons the par oken down even discussed quite Gen. Panga must 1ake note gestions from present in Greece one parliamen nderiving hich have ne may yet arrive fact & Under An. ments post-wa system t continen ¥ period of the 1in ceemed to b place where Lloyd 1 in hours ¢ the of regime in roken down had its origin. orge and ( me peril arro and mon the v o 1selves the power Var ¥ the man inte 1y a5 to A rposes sus pis of parliaments to reg all cases, worked hour the single government which is func nything like a ssful @t of ini. It is tr 1ssolini method A1 the i esent does lemocratic conceptions. 1t y mans and vices 1torships attended the evils in inescapable Stands Out by Comparison. Nevertheless th the German situation with the and certain facts are unmis In France the financial s desperate: it is desperate be n contr French alian kable tion 1se in the last analysis no political shoulder burden of VALTES N et imposing taxa But wit ation and re the ntin the financial and economic Day by month Dot renchment frane must e E an sitnation o hecome 1w week by week, month hy he French people. who are eminently practic their mo 1o the Parl we and cal vhils Nor is the German sit heen stabilized with French face are not « the Germar Yet because of the qu rels, whic are details of many, many weeks n of the Luther-Stresemann combination which went out on the morrow of the ratification of the Lo In Germany. as in Fra nothing to compare with the British or American two-party system, al though the British situation is now complicated by the presence of three parties and only made tolerable be. cause one has a majority over the other combined In ermany there are at least a dozen groups and they fall into three broad categories while no one of the three has or can conceivably obtain a clear majority Ation hetter 2n mark has weign assist which identical n iar Dol has cabi The inner it ties conceptions heen new [: A 1ce. there is German Situation Complicated. On the right—that is, on the conserva tive side—are the Nationalists and their various accessories who certainly contrel a third of the present Reichs tag. In the center are the so.called Rourgeois parties. the parties of busi ness, industry and trade. which again n muster ahout a third. On the left re the Socialists, with a little more than a quarter of the house. rein forced when they are in the npposi tion hy many Communist votes. In this situation the Socfalists will combine with the Rourgeois to put througk the Locarno pact. But the Bourgeois will combine with the \grarian Natlonalists to oppose social leislation and maintain high tariffs. And what is the most ap. palling circumstance is that the possi bilities of combination are few. while the temptations to division are in. erable. The fundamental inter ests of the country are lost sight of in the quarrels of persons and fac tions and the responsibility cannot he fixed upon any party, for in our sense there is no party. nothing but ephem eral combinatio In the’ United States the executive branch of our Government takes office for four years. The Congress which comes in with the President will far as the Senate is concerned, con tinue substantially unchanged through four years, the House for two. And if the House changes politicai com plexion in two years there will be no paralysis of the executive. The Government will continue to function. | No Power in France. actly the contrary is France, in Germany. and in Italy hefore the advent In France we h, cabinets in a_year and fourth is welinigh true in was true of Musso had three half and a inescapable now, the Austro-Serbian squabble, ushered in the World War, Viscount Goto of Japan, though the recognized pro-Russian leader in Japanese politics, has just issued an cminous statement in Tokio. o favors a Russo-Tapanese rapproache ment. Unless it can be effected he sees war on the Manchurian horizon as the inevitable consequence. e thinks Chinese diplomacy as for 1,000 years,” aims at “plaving power " off against another Chinese aim. he thinks, at embroiling Russia_and Japan. If the more un- scrupulous Chinese statesmen, Goto s, succed, as he thinks they well may succeed, in pitting Russia and Japan against each other for the mastery of the Asiatic continent, “this maneuver will precipitate a conflict will eventually embroil all the nations hordering the Pacific.” To avert such a calamity Viscount Goto pleads frankly for a Japanese-Anglo- \merican entente. The United States would he utferly ineffective, in the event of a new o in the East. without a hattle ready. fully manned American fleet Our naval enthusiasts think Conzress s going decidedly the wrong w about preparing for such a con- tingency. (Copyrizht. 1936.) whieh | “the same | :Willl Other Countries Turning to Lead- Only Way Out of iamentary Rule. as I write the stors cabinet w have enable it minister, Herri sure where put throug however nect In the prec er rested in votes of the -everal lican partles, called Soclalists, Hefore the do anything he had his P hot g0 whethet the aver Jode radiea many q ele widely « they diverger t which satisfies the Iv have radicalg. on There ing and conser sre against oin the Socia moderate a tactica Briand, w nent 1 erate Ite e b rom members On one side the Poincare will ha ital Jevy posals of t side is a cals and only on radicals wi levy. Thus confusion and difficult en project to fir rmative hamber The government fore. but it canr in the street, husiness cubstantially the country Iv from the sit trust, the from day to all the gigantic helpful eme And as a minishes. capita franc steadily an enc ahsence nf precedentec impor Wh any some should suddent what Napel of the Revoln he will of 10 he expressec the machine s pose that in Fr hecause France has s eral. Yet there ren able fact that er not functic is becomin day to day star ne agreemer ppred Par Rizh cansequence nemployment No Party Has Power. Under # | svstem like « can afford wrath provoked b stands direc voters and i next election machine the Continent power. If there tomorrow in or in France little change sroups. but it we large, and in the mair people wonld come hack = same situation would rec At the bottom of all the the inescapable fact that ballot hox there is no esc present evil in France or In ltaly escape h: 1 dictatorship. which pended the operaion hox in any sense that Ttaly has not ch form of government has accepted a dictate use the anly other tive has failed: faile Moreover. the simple to the Ame ing—is not simple in Burope iermany, for example Germans are and will re ists: other millions will vors lics: other millions will party which ind: business. There are 30.000,000 vat | roughly speaking, and » poll much more than 10,000,000 'and only one that number. But can be no complete and final of smaller parties. because h divided from the others by politiea { principles which are held with a fir ness undreamed of in America Two Parties Here. With all its obvious lmitations. 1 American svstem of government the moment working with the grea | est relative efficiency. hecause it bhased upon a two-party syvstem. If party in power fails ta do the joh the is another party available. and | will be no dividing of the oppo: Our system works hecaise we have ia remedy for any failure. B ! parliamentary system in France. 1 and Germany emphat does work. bhecause there is no !which the people can deal wit who fail. A whole series ¢ !in Germany would do noth | there is no one party responsible |no way of getting out of the Relc !1ag the individuals who are respo ble for the failure. 1f Hindenburg and Luther should order a new election in Germany tomorrow. when the vote were cast there would still he the { same old necessity of findinz a way b which Nationalists. Soclalists, Demo- crats, Catholics or People’s party, aid jed by smaller groups and alwayvs h: rassed by the Communist manent opposition. could find a majority. Rut | only on & given issua could a majorits be found at best, for tomo | who agreed upon Locarno would di !agree about hours of labor The system existed in France | Ttaly before the war. Tha | visions existed in Germ: the control still vested in monarchi | hands to a greater extent. But hef( | the war no nation was facing pr | which In_ reality represented life death. The governmeni ran and politicians went on making their binations and ovarturning min after ministry, but if there was obvious lack of eficiency, an exaspar. popu to run Bu there were there n the size r Ge the sen hetween simp! 1 ican in presents the those hecat <o di and the (Continued on Third P, 2